Unit 1 基础知识讲义-2024-2025学年牛津译林版八年级英语上册讲义

( 课前导入 ) A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真交。 ( 知识梳理与精讲 ) 一、词汇Words 单词 1 . honest（形容词）诚实的；正直的 【常用短语】to be honest 诚实来说，说实在的 【拓展单词】1.类似h不发音的单词还有hour,honor 2.honest 的反义词dishonest 【例句】To be honest, I can’t work out this problem.说实在的，这个问题我解决不了。 翻译：我是个诚实的人。 I am an honest person. 2. secret （名词）秘密 【常用短语】keep a secret\keep secrets 保守秘密 【例句】Can you keep a secret for me? 你能为我保守秘密吗？ 3. joy (名词) 欢乐，高兴，乐趣 【单词拓展】joy 前面加en 变成enjoy，动词，享受的意思 【常用短语】share one’s joy with 【例句】We should share our joy with others.我们应该把快乐分享给别人。 4.care （动词） 关心，关注，在意 【常用短语】care about：关心，关怀； take care of：照顾，抚养 【例句】Friends should care about each other.朋友之间应该互相关心。 【拓展】careful，carefully，carefulness(孝信，谨慎) ；careless(粗心的，无忧无虑的，淡漠的)，carelessness(粗心大意的) 翻译：请照顾好这只小狗。 Please take good care of this dog. 5. yourself（代词） 【复数】yourselves 你们自己 【常用短语】help yourself to 请自便，甭客气，请随意 【例句】 Take care of yourself, or I’ll be worried.照顾好你自己，要不然我会担心的。 6.good-looking （形容词） 好看的，漂亮的 【例句】Write down your name on the paper, please. 请在纸上写下你的名字。 【拓展】这个单词是由形容词good 和动词look 组成的，类似的词有hard-working，勤勉的 7.humorous （形容词）幽默的 【例句】I like a person who is humorous.我喜欢幽默风趣的人。 【拓展】它的名词形式是 humour，美式的是humor，幽默感，a sense of humor 翻译：他是一个有幽默感的人 He has a good sense of humour. 8.polite（形容词）礼貌的 【拓展】与其形似的单词是police，警察 【副词】politely 【反义词】impolite 【例句】He is quite polite to others.他对人很有礼貌。 You should treat the old man politely 你应该对老人有礼貌。 9. tidy（形容词）整洁的 【例句】 A tidy room will make people feel comfortable. 【反义词】untidy 10. make（动词）成为，适合，使.. 【常用短语】make friends交朋友； make a difference to sb\sth有影响，有关系； make a living 谋生，维持生计； make a mistake 犯错误； make up 弥补，组成，化妆，整理； be made up of 由....组成； make noises 制造噪音； make money赚钱； make up one’s mind to do sth 下定决心做某事 【过去式】made 【现在分词】making 【例句】What qualities are important in good friends? 好朋友应该具备哪些重要品质？ 11.trust（动词）信任 【常用短语】trust sb 信任某人 【例句】Trust me, I can do it well.相信我我可以做好的。 【单词拓展】believe也有相信的意思，但不如trust 程度深，believe in sb 相信某人 12.lie（名词）谎言 【复数】lies 【常用短语】tell lies 说谎 【例句】I never tell lies.我从不说谎。 翻译：我们最好不要说谎 We had better not tell lies. 13.generous（形容词）慷慨的，大方的 【常用短语】be generous to sb 对某人大方 【例句】He is very generous.他为人大方。 14. weight （名词）重量，体重 【常用短语】put on weight 增加体重 lose weight 减肥 【拓展】weigh （动词）称重 例：What’s your weight？你的体重是多少？ 15. height （名词）高度 【拓展】high（形容词）高的 例：I don’t know the height of Tom. 短语 1.grow up 长大，是一个动词词组。 【拓展】grow的过去式grew I don’t want to grow up.我不想长大。 练习：长大后你想做什么？ What do you want to do when you grow up? 2.be willing to 愿意... ，后接动词原形即be willing to do愿意做某事= be ready to do sth I’m willing to do my homework.我愿意做作业。 练习：我不想做作业 I am not willing to do my homework. 3.share sth with sb 把某物分享给某人 Lily is willing to share things with her friends.丽丽愿意把东西分享给朋友。 翻译：你能把你的糖跟我一起分享吗？ Can you share your sweets with me? 4.feel bored感觉无聊的 一般主语是人，即sb feels bored. 令人感到无聊的用boring，一般主语是物。 练习：The film is boring .这部电影很无聊。 When I have nothing to do, I will feel bored .我没事做的时觉得候就很无聊。 二、重要短语Important phrases 1. Can I have something to drink? 我能喝点东西吗？ 这里虽然是情态动词can 引导的一般疑问句，但是表示请求，some无需改成any。 something to drink 一些喝的东西。 something的用法： ①作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数 翻译： 我的自行车出问题了。 There is something wrong with my bike. ②形容词修饰它时要放在它的后面 I have _____C____ to tell you. A. anything important B. important something C. something important ③一般用于肯定句中，但也可用于征求意见并希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中 Would you like __something to eat_______(一些吃的东西)? 2. Can I have some more food？ 我能再来点食物吗？ Some more 意为“有一些，再一些”既可以修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词 注意：数词+more+可数名词复数结构= another+数词+可数名词复数 例： two more books= another two books再多两本书 3. What about the pizza in your bowl? 你碗里的披萨怎么样？ What about (doing) sth?  what about ...?是询问...怎么样的。它后面可以接名词即what about+n；后面接动词时，动词要变成动名词的形式即what about+doing.做...怎么样。 例：What about an apple.来个苹果怎么样。 What about going to see a film.去看电影怎么样。 --What about___B___ a rest? -- Let’s go for a walk. A . have B. having C. to have 4. What makes your friend so special? 什么使你的朋友如此特别？ make+sb/sth+adj. 该结构为make+宾语+宾语补足语，意为“使某人/某物处于某种状态” 补充：make sb do sth 意为“让某人做某事” 1. --Dad, how can I get on well with my classmates? --Try to be friendly to them. That will make it ___C_________. A. easily B. more easily C. easy 2. He lost his key. It made him ___D____ in the cold to wait for his mum. A. to stay B. stays C. stayed D. stay 5. Betty is one of my best friends. 贝蒂是我最好的朋友之一。 one of…意为“…之一”，后面接名词复数或复数意义的代词 注意：当名词前有形容词修饰时，则用形容词的最高级 例： The Summer Palace is one of the most famous places of interest in China. Mrs Zhang is one of ____D____ teachers in our school. We all like her. A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular 6. I never feel bored with him. 和他在一起，我从不会感到无聊。 feel 在句子中为系动词，后跟形容词作表语，意为“感到，感觉” 例：I feel warm in the sunshine. 补充：感官系动词：look 看起来… sound听起来… smell 闻起来… taste尝起来… The cloth ___C___ very soft and comfortable. A. smells B. tastes C. feels D. sounds 7. I can tell her anything because she can keep a secret. 我可以告诉她任何事情，因为她可以保守秘密。 Tell 用法：tell sb（not）to do sth 告诉某人（不要）做某事 已混辨析： 词条 含义 区别 Tell 告诉 后跟story，lie，truth，joke Speak 说话 宾语多是某种语言 Say 说出，道出 着重指说的内容 Talk 谈话，说话 常与with，to，about连用 1. “ Don’t __D___ to stranger on your way to and from school ” , mother often __D____ me. A. Speak , says B. speak, tells C. talk, speaks D. talk, tells 2. Xu Qian is a funny girl. She loves to ___C__ jokes. A. speak B. say C. tell D. talk 8. I will be happy if I can make the other people happy. 如果我能使其他人高兴，我将会很开心。 If 在此引导条件状语从句，表示如果 …就…,if 引导的句子为从句，前面的为主语，主句时态为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，即“主将从现”原则。 例：I will go with you if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 注意：主句为祈使句抑或是含有情态动词，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。 例：Tell me everything if you want. 如果你愿意，请你告诉我一切。 If you don’t hurry, you may be late. 如果你不抓紧，也许你会迟到。 If the robot_____B___ wrong, you can get a new one for free. A. went B. goes C. would D. will go ( 课堂检测 ) 一、单项选择题 ( A ) 1. The students look______ and their teacher is looking ________ at them. A. happy; happily B. happily; happily C. happily; happy D. happy; happy ( D ) 2. The baby ________ 3.5 kilograms（公斤）when he was born. A. weigh B. weight C. weighs D. weighed ( B ) 3. – I hear Tom never tell a lie. – Yes. He is a(an)________ boy. A. happy B. honest C. polite D. smart ( C ) 4. My father is _______ because he often makes us laugh. A. honest B. tall C. humorous D. sad ( A ) 5. –Does your sister like the film? -- No. She feels ______. A. bored B. happy C. quiet D. interesting 二、词汇 A. 根据句意、释义或中文提示写出英文单词。 1.My best friend Kitty likes to tell everything to me, because I can always keep ________secrets_____(秘密). 2.My brother is very _____humorous______ (幽默的) and he likes to watch shows of Zhou Libo. 3.Good friends should_____trust________(信任) each other. 4.Li Ming is a funny boy because he loves telling ____jokes_____(笑话). 5.---What’s the ____height_________(高度) of your brother? He is so tall. B.选择方框内所给词的适当形式填空 ( you bore care will tell ) 6. I never feel ___bored_________ with him, and we are all friendly to him . 7. You are too_____careless________. Look, there are too many mistakes. 8. Please help ____yourself____________ to some fish and chicken, Mike, they are tasty. 9. Are you ____willing______ to help those children from the poor areas. 10.Would you like__to tell____me some jokes? C.用所给词的正确形式完成句子. 11. What about_____going____ (go) swimming ? 12. If you ____are_______(be) tomorrow, I will show you around my hometown. 13. My mother often makes me ____clean___(clean) my room every day. 14. He is willing ___to give_______( give) us a helping hand. 15. The Chang Jiang River is one of ______the longest_______ (long) rivers in the world. ( 师生小结 ) Step 1. 思考回忆所学知识点，并将所学知识点列在下面 Step 2. 错题回顾 ( 课后作业 ) 一、完型填空 John liked chocolates very much，but his mother never gave him 1 ，because they were bad for his teeth，she thought．But John 2 a very nice grandpa．The old man loved his grandson very much．and sometimes he brought John chocolates when he came 3 visit him．Then his mother let him 4 them．because she wanted to make the old man happy． One evening，a few days before John’s 5 birthday，he was saying his prayers(祷告) in his bedroom before he went to bed．“Please，God(上帝)，”he shouted，”make them give me a big box of chocolates for my birthday 6 Saturday．” His mother was in the kitchen(厨房)，she 7 the small boy’s shouting and went into his bedroom quickly．“ 8 are you shouting，John?”She asked her son，”God can hear you when you talk quietly(小声地)．”“I know，” 9 the clever boy with a smile，“But Grandpa is in the next room，and he 10 ”． ( )1．A．some B．a C．a lot D．any ( )2．A．has B．have C．had D．having ( )3．A．to B．for C．in D．on ( )4．A．eats B．eat C．ate D．to eat ( )5．A．eight B．eighth C．the eighth D．eightth ( )6．A．in B．at C．on D．for ( )7．A．listen B．hears C．listened to D．heard ( )8．A．Why B．What C．How D．When ( )9．A．answered B．told C．spoke D．talked ( )10．A．can B．can’t C．could D．couldn’t 二、阅读理解 A Mr．Smith works in a company．He has neither a wife nor children．He lives in an old house alone．He likes nothing but drinking． He nearly spends all his money on drinks．Sometimes he is hungry，so he has to borrow some money from his workmates to buy a little food． One evening he met a friend of his in the street．The man asked him to have dinner in a restaurant．He was happy and drank a lot．When they left there at midnight，he could hardly stand．The man has to stop a taxi and asked the driver to carry him home．Soon they arrived at the door of his house．With the help of the driver，he got off． “Thank you，sir．”Mr. Smith said，”Now I can open the door myself．” The taxi went away，but he couldn’t put the key into the keyhole．He was trying to do it while a policeman came． “Can I help you put the key into the keyhole，sir?”asked the policeman． “Thank you，sir，”Mr．Smith．”The house is circling now．If you can stop it moving，I can open the door myself．” ( )1．Mr．Smith works________． A．in a company B．in the field C．on a farm D．in a factory ( )2．He spends all his money________． A．on books B．on his clothes C．on dinks D．on cigarettes ( )3．One evening Mr. Smith’s friend asked him_______． A．to go to the cinema B．to take part in a party C．to watch the football match D．to have dinner ( )4．That night he could hardly stand because he________． A．drank a lot B．felt tired C．was hungry D．was too happy ( )5．Which of the following is right according to the passage? A．Mr. Smith was caught by the policeman B．Mr. Smith was drunk． C．Mr. Smith’s house was moving． D．The policeman helped Mr. Smith to stop the house moving． B One morning Alice made some sandwiches for her husband’s lunch．As there was a little meat left，she gave it to Henry，their little dog．Henry ate it up quickly． During the morning the dog seemed ill．It couldn’t stop shaking(摇)its head，and it couldn’t stand straight．Alice thought，the meat must have got bad．She began to worry about her husband’s health．So she called him at once． “Jim．I hope you haven’t eaten any of those sandwiches，”said Alice．“I gave Henry the last piece of meat，and it’s ill now．If you’ve eaten those sandwiches，go and see a doctor as soon as you can and take some medicine．” At noon Jim returned home．He said he had taken some medicine but that made him very uneasy(不舒服的)．The next morning Jim was fine．Henry seemed quite all right，too．At eight o’clock the milkman came with the milk．He asked Alice，“How is your dog feeling morning? “Well，he seems all right now，but…”said Alice． “Yesterday morning it and I had an accident，”said the milkman．“It jumped at me，and I dropped a bottle of milk on its head．” ( )6．Alice made sandwiches for________． A．Jim B．herself C．the family D．the dog ( )7．When did Henry fall ill? A．At breakfast time B．At lunchtime C．Later in the morning D．Before it ate a little meat． ( )8．Why did Alice telephone her husband? A．Because she was sure Jim had been ill B．Because Jim had asked for help． C．Because she thought the sandwiches had bad meat in them． D．Because Jim needed some medicine． ( )9．Why did Henry get“ill”? A．Because it had got a beating． B．Because the bottle hit it． C．Because it had eaten some bad meat． D．Because it wanted to get more sandwiches″ ( )10．Which of the following is the order according to the passage? a．Jim came back home，feeling uneasy b．Jim received a telephone call from his wife． c．Henry became ill．d．Jim went to the doctor and took some medicine． e．The milkman dropped a bottle of milk on Henry’s head． A．e；b；c；a；d B．e；c；b；d；a C．c；b；d；a；e D．c；b；a；e；d 三、根据中文写出合适的单词． 1．Let’s be good friends and share my________(快乐)． 2．If we are careful enough，all of the outdoor________(活动)are safe． 3．We went________(野营)and had a good time last time． 4．The girl with long hair is the__________(苗条的)of the three． 5．Who is the_________(最有趣的)，Sandy，Tom or Kim? 6．Do you like your trip? Is it_________(令人愉快的)? 7．I can tell Millie anything because she can keep_________(秘密)． 8．When I am sad，she always tells me funny_________(笑话)． 9．Her mother is_________(几乎)forty years old． 10．I have a________(真正的)friend．He always helps me a lot． 11．I'm new．I_________ _________ _________ (没有朋友)here． 12． My sister always ____________ (面带) a smile on her face. 13． I don’t know how to ____________ (解决) this problem. Can you help me? 14． I felt very ___________ (紧张) when I went to the important meeting. 15． There are more ______________ (社会的) workers in this city than in that city. 一、完形填空 1—5DAABB 6—10CDAAB 二、阅读理解 1—5ACDAB 6—10ACCAB 三、根据中文写出合适的单词． 1. happiness 2. activities 3. camping 4. slimmest 5. the most interesting 6. pleasure 7. secrets 8. jokes 9. almost 10. true 11. have no friends 12. wears 13. solve 14. nervous 15. social 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$