专题4.1 定语从句（重温高考 + 考点精析 + 易错点聚焦 + 考点集训）-2025届高考英语一轮复习【语法精准突破】

专题4.1 定语从句 2025届高考英语一轮复习【语法精准突破】 目录 contents 1. 重温2020-2024年高考真题 2. 考点精析 3. 书面表达中定语从句易错点聚焦 4. 考点集训 I.单句语法填空 II.语法填空：基础训练(定语从句专练) III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) 考向1 关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 考向2 “介词＋whom/which”或关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 考向3 关系代词或关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句 定语从句的句法功能及相关定义 定语从句的核心考点 考向1 关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 单句语法填空 1. (2024年全国新课标I卷)The Glasshouse stands __ (as) a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route __________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the __ (richness) of gardening in England. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：温室作为当代设计的一个伟大成就，将中国西南部的植物安置在丝绸之路的尽头，将植物从它们在亚洲的本土栖息地带到英国，从而阐明了英国园艺的丰富性。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 1. 重温高考真题 which/that 2. (2024年1月浙江高考英语)Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ___________ will make them the most money. 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少引导定语从句并在从句中作主语的关系代词。先行词为 way，故应填 that / which。 that / which 3. (2023·全国乙卷) But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life...... 【解析】考查定语从句。此空修饰前面表示地点的名词，并同时在从句中做主语，只能用关系代词。故填that / which。 that / which 4. (2022·新高考全国I卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处应用限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，并在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。 that 5. (2021·新高考全国II卷) I decided that if I learned of a company __________　　　　 used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构可知，所填的词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中做主语，所以用which或that。 which /that 6. (2020·新高考全国I卷) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ____________ opened in 1759. 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填的词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，所以用which或that。故填which / that。 which / that 7. (2020·新高考全国II卷) The Digital World is a set of volumes __________ 　aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. 【解析】考查定语从句。所填的词引导限制性定语从句，修饰前面的名词volumes，指物，并在从句中作主语，故填that/which。 that/which 8. (2020·新高考全国III卷) In ancient China lived an artist _______ paintings were almost lifelike. 【解析】考查定语从句引导词。此处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词artist,指人，且定语从句中缺少定语，故填whose。 whose 9. (2019·新课标III卷) They were well trained by their masters _______ had great experience with caring for these animals. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters(主人)，且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。 who 10. (2019·浙江卷) On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _________ gives off light in the dark. 【解析】考查定语从句。此空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，且从句中缺少主语，因此用that或which引导。故填that/which。 that/which 11. (2019·北京卷) The students benefiting most from college are those _______ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。此空引导定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who。 who 12. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ) Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ____________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处引导定语从句，a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。 that / which 考向2 “介词＋whom/which”或关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 单句语法填空 1. (2022·全国甲卷) On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _____ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词是Cao Shengkang，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填who。 2. (2020·全国I卷) Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _______ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词是表示地点的spot，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作状语，故填where。 where who 3. (2019·江苏卷改编) We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age(一个时代)，且从句中缺少时间状语，所以关系词用when。 4. (2019·天津卷改编) Their child is at the stage _______ she can say individual words but not full sentences. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where。 when where 考向3 关系代词或关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句 单句语法填空 1. (2024年全国新课标II卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _____ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 2. (2024年全国高考英语甲卷)Yellowstone was the __ (largest) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _______ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 who which 1. (2023·新课标全国III卷) Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ______ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks. 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。空前有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。 2. (2019·新课标II卷) Now Irene Astbury works from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _______ she opened with her late husband Les. 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened的宾语，故用which。 which who 3. (2017·全国Ⅲ) But Sarah, ______ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 【解析】考查非限制定语从句。引导词代替先行词在从句中作主语，且指人，故用who。 4. (2017·浙江) Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, _______ it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. 【解析】考查非限制定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的先行词the garden，且从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。 who where 5. (全国Ⅰ) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ______ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 【解析】考查非限制定语从句。先行词是表示时间的the mid-1980s，且从句中缺少状语，故填关系副词when。 6. (全国Ⅲ ) Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ______ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks. 【解析】考查非限制定语从句。所填词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指人Confucius，且在从句中作主语，故填who。 when who 7. (广东) Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, _______ made her feel like a star. 【解析】考查非限制定语从句。由逗号可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子所表述的内容，故填which。 which 2.考点精析 框架结构图 定语从句 关系词 定义 分类 that和which的区别 关系代词 关系副词 指代人 who whom whose that as 指代物 which whose that as when --- 时间 where--- 地点 why --- 原因 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 只用that的情况 只用which的情况 定语从句的句法功能及相关定义 1. 功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。 2. 位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。 The man who / that is walking on the playground is my former friend. Those who support the constructing plan raise your hands, please. A person whose / of which e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails. The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. As is known to us all, the earth is spinning around the sun. 3. 先行词：被定语从句修饰词称为先行词。 先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some-, any-, every-, no-与-body, -thing的合成词或all, none, any, some, that, those等代词。数词和人称代词也同样可作先行词。 4. 关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。 关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as等。 关系副词：when, where, why等。 定语从句的核心考点 1．确定关系词的步骤： (1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。 (2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。 (1)关系词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 Jiuzhaigou is a place which is worth visiting once again. (2)关系词在从句中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many palaces (that / which) we can visit in China. (visit后面不能再加many palaces / them) 2. 在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词用that而不用which： (1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 The first English book that I once read was Great Expectation by Shakespeare. (2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the same, few等修饰时。 She was grateful for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. (3)先行词为all, much, little, none, few, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时。 He is the very man that saved the drowning girl out of water. (4)先行词中既有人又有物时。 They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. He asked about the workers and factories that he had visited. (5)先行词在主句中作表语时。 My hometown is no longer the one that was five years ago. (6)关系代词在从句中做表语 She was not the cheerful woman that she was before she married. (7)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which are the exercise books that you sent to me? Who is the person that stands for the Chinese team? 3. 用which而不用that的情况： (1)在非限制性定语从句中。 The banyan tree, which is 300 years old, is very famous here. (2)当关系词前有介词时。 We went through a period in which communications were very difficult in the rural areas. (3)当先行词本身是that时。 Natural water is that which contains impurities (杂质). (4)关系词后有插入语时。 4. 关系词who与that指人时，根据不同情况分别用不同的关系词。 (1)当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。 Once there was king who was very silly in the kingdom. (2)先行词是anyone, those, someone, everyone, one等词时，关系词用who。 A mature man is one who is good at turning failure into success. (3)当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。 Who is that girl that is wearing a red dress? 5. whom在从句中只作宾语，有时可被who取代。 6. whose作关系词即指人又指物，在从句中作定语。 Mr Liu wants to talk to the students whose homework hasn’t been handed in. We live in a house whose windows open to the south. 7. 关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 (1)先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many (much)中，从句都用as引导。 I don’t like such books as you bought for me as a gift. 注意： ①such...that...引导结果状语从句。如： They are such beautiful flowers that we love them much. ②the same...as...和the same...that...都可引导定语从句，前者表示“与……同样的(但不是同一个)”；后者表示“同一个，就是那个”如： This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这同我昨天丢失的那支钢笔一样。(但不是同一支) This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天丢的那支钢笔。(同一支) (2)先行词为整个主语或主句的一部分，非限制性定语从句用as或which引导。 区别： ①位置上：as从句可置于句首，也可在句中或句尾：which 引导的非限制定语从句只能放在主句之后。 ②意义上：as具有“正如，像”而which常译为“这一点，这件事”。 For instance, as we all know, dogs recognize each other via smell. The road was too slippery, which caused lots of accidents. As we all know, a good learning environment is vital if we want to study English well. ③which引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语，其代指整个主句，主从句的关系是因果关系。 The road was too slippery, which caused lots of accidents. (因为路滑，所以出事) 8. 关系副词when, where, why 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where, why, how的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。 when指时间＝in/at/on/during which where指地点＝in/at/on which why指原因＝for which But this was one of the rare occasions when (on which) Rooney saved the day on his own foot. It was the place where (in which) the emperors were born and grew up. That was the very reason why (for which) he felt a certain bitterness. 注意： ①在非限制性定语从句中，“介词+ which”结构不能代替关系副词。如： They set up a state for their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. ②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。 Is this the bookstore which (that) she was looking for? ③名词/数词/代词 /形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句。 Mr. Brown has written a book, the name of which I have completely forgotten. The school currently has about 10,000 registered students, all of whom live on campus. According to this theory, the continents and ocean floors are parts of about 30 plates, the largest of which are shown. ④ that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词之后，同时它又在定语从句中充当主语或宾语时，此时只能用that或which，而不能用when, where, why。 We visited a company that / which produced robots. I don’t like the story (that / which) he told me a few days ago. I hope you’ll remember the good old days (that / which) we spent together in junior high though it’s time to say goodbye. ⑤ that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词之后，取代when, where, why和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，其修饰的先行词常为the way, the time, the day, the place等，在口语中that常被省略。 It’s quite easy to make quite small changes to (that/in which) you work. The day (that/when/on which) she arrived was last Thursday. 9. 必须注意的问题： (1)关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的单、复数该如何判定。 (2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。 ①定语从句中关系词所作从句成分，在从句中的功能； ②强调句中it无意义，that/who不是引导词； ③去掉it is/was和that/who后，如果句子成分完整，句子能够讲得通（成立）则是强调句，讲不通（不成立）则不是强调句。 It is the stadium that / which we visited last month. (定语从句) It was in a five-star hotel that we stayed last night. (强调句) (3)that引导的定语从句与同位语从句的区别。 ①定语从句的引导词称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语，有时可省略。而且这个that还常可以用which来代替。而同位语从句的引导词叫作从属连词，that不充当任何成分，但一般不可省，也不能用which来代替。 The fact that (which) they talked about is not very necessary. (that在从句中作about的宾语 定语从句) The fact that he didn’t say “no” immediately is a good sign. (that只起连接作用 同位语从句) The news that you heard at the meeting yesterday is true. (that在从句中作heard的宾语 定语从句) I thrilled at the news that my favourite football team won the World Cup. (that只起连接作用 同位语从句) ②定语从句的先行词可以是人，也可以是具体事物或抽象概念。修饰其前面名词或代词(先行词)，说明其先行词性质特征的；而同位语从句进一步说明其前面名词(大多为抽象名词)的内容。 We expressed to them our wish that was the same as theirs. (定语从句) Word came that our school is going to hold a class meeting whose topic is related to Chinese traditional customs. (同位语从句) ③根据引导词来区别。如果引导从句的词为when, where或者why，而其前面的名词又分别表示时间、地点、原因等意义，则它们为关系副词，引导的是定语从句。例如： We all look forward to the day when the scientists can discover more secrets of the universe. (定语从句) 而这些连接副词与前面的名词意义不相关时，这些词便是连接副词，引导同位语从句前面的名词往往也是idea, truth, news等。例如： The question when we will start the work is not decided. (同位语从句) I have no idea how this would translate into Chinese. (同位语从句) (4)关系词在定语从句中省略的情况。 ①关系词作宾语，前无介词时； Is there anything (which) you wanted? Who is the man (that /who / whom) you were talking to? ②关系词作表语。 China is not the country (that) it used to be. (5)关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词一般用which, whom和whose＋名词引导从句。 It took two years for me to get better, during which time he spoon-fed me and did absolutely everything around the house. He is a great astronaut, of whom all the Chinese are proud. (6)几个特殊的定语从句句型： ①Henry is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years. (句中one为先行词) Henry is one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years. (句中students为先行词) ②Is this place the one (that) we paid a visit to last week? Is this the place (that/which) we paid a visit to last week? ③He hid himself in a tree, from where he could see the enemy in the distance. ④I may work to 12 o’clock, in which case I’ll telephone you.. 3.书面表达中定语从句易错点聚焦 (一)定语从句意识缺失 1. 关系代词被普通代词取代 Every dog has its own needs, some of them are specific to the breed. Every dog has its own needs, some of which are specific to the breed. 2. 关系代词遗漏 The last one left the classroom please turn off the lights. The last one who left the classroom please turn off the lights. 第一句从汉语意思角度是对的，但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构。 (误) (正) (误) (正) (二)似是而非的定语从句 1. 有从无主式 My friend Jane, who is very friendly to his customers. My friend, Jane, is very friendly to his customers. My friend Jane, who has varieties of hobbies, is very friendly to his customers. 第一句虎头蛇尾，属于有从无主式的句子，即有从句但没有主句。 (误) (正) (正) 2. 画蛇添足式 As can be seen from the job market, that some companies still can’t find highly skilled technicians even with high pay. As can be seen from the chart, the income of Toya teachers which revealed a general trend of steady rise. I have many collections of antiques, and some of which are my favorite. 第一句中关系代词as代替逗号后面的整个主句，因此主句是不需要连接词的。所以应去掉that。 第二句中同样as代替逗号后面的整个主句，主句中的which是多余的。 第三句中如果要满足定语从句的话，显然并列连词and是多余的。 (误) (误) (误) 4. 考 点 集 训 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1. You will find whatever you need at the shopping centre, _______ is always very busy at the weekend. 2. The two things of _______ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair. 3. They reached the old town yesterday, ______ a negotiation of sale will be held. 4. There was once a little boy _____ often came to the net bar to play games every night. 5. Later they talked of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school. which which where who that 6. Mr Liu wants to talk to the students _______ homework hasn’t been handed in. 7. Many young people, most of ______ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 8. It’s quite easy to make quite small changes to the way _______________ you work. 9. We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 10. He wanted to express the reason ______ he was absent from the important lecture tomorrow evening. when whose whom (that / in which) why In 2004, the China National Academy of Painting set up mentoring workshops _______ resources would benefit artists outside Beijing. The academy encouraged resident artists to open studios and take on students, especially younger-generation artists outside the capital, _______ helps them brush up their skills and improve their artistry. So far, around 40 artists have operated workshops under the mechanism, some of _______ are not members of the academy and are running the studios by invitation. An exhibition now on at the academy marks this two-decade endeavor, ________ a display of the latest work was produced by the mentors and their students. Cheng Dali, _____ is an ink artist and mentor, says the mentoring system has allowed him and his students to think about ways of carrying on the xieyi tradition, an initiative and expressive way of painting ___________ transcribes the idea or the spirit of things. Sculptor Deng Ke says she is pleased to have been able to share her experience with everyone _____ has attended the workshops, and _____ has come from all across the country, no matter the material with ______ they are working. Ⅱ.语法填空(定语从句专练)原创 whose which whom where who that / which who who which III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) (2024年新课标全国I卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are _________ (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ______ is now northwestern Wyoming. They _____ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. What should ________ (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with ____ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ____ all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the ________ (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the ________ (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ______ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. to catch treasures what were be done its for completion largest which $$