专题3.2.1 非谓语动词之-ing分词（重温高考 + 考点精析 + 易错点聚焦 + 考点集训）-2025届高考英语一轮复习【语法精准突破】

专题3.2.1 非谓语动词之-ing分词 2025届高考英语一轮复习【语法精准突破】 目录 contents 1. 重温2020-2024年高考真题 2. 考点精析 3. 书面表达中-ing分词易错点聚焦 4. 考点集训 I.单句语法填空 II.语法填空：基础训练(-ing分词专练) III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) 考向1　-ing分词作宾语或补足语 考向2　作主语或表语 考向3　作定语 考向4　作状语 考向5　固定搭配 非谓语动词 -ing分词形式及句法功能 非谓语动词 -ing分词的核心考点 1.重温高考真题 考向1　-ing分词作宾语或补足语 单句语法填空 1. (2023·全国I卷) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _________ (want) more next time. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词。故填wanting。 wanting 2. (2021·全国甲卷) After _________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!  【解析】考查非谓语动词。前面的“After”是介词，介词后面用动词-ing形式做宾语。故填spending。 spending 3. (2021·全国乙卷) • Minimize the impact of ________ (visit) the place. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。所给的词是动词且位于介词of后，故用动词-ing形式做宾语。故填visiting。 visiting 4. (2020·新高考全国I卷) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ________ (walk) through a rainforest. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构分析，设空处和 其前的living一样，做动词的宾语。故填walking。 walking 5. (2019·全国I卷) Scientists have responded by _______ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词形式，做介词宾语。故填noting。 noting 6. (2019·全国Ⅱ卷) A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ______ (be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee--- still working 40 hours a week. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。介词for后跟动词时， 应用其-ing形式作宾语。故填being。 being 7. (2018·浙江卷) I still remember ________ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.，故填visiting。 visiting 8. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ) You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _______ (die) early by running. 【解析】考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。 dying 10. (2017·全国Ⅰ) Fast food is full of fat and salt; by _______ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。表示方式的介词by之后接动名词作宾语。故填eating。 eating 10. (2017·全国Ⅱ) This included digging up the road, _______ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。included后的dig, lay, build是三个并列的动作，根据digging及building可知，lay也应用动名词形式作included的宾语。故填laying。 laying 11. (全国Ⅱ) In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without ______ (use) electric equipment. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。介词without之后的动词要用动名词形式。故填using。 using 考向2　作主语或表语 单句语法填空 1. (2021·全国乙卷) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become __________ (educate) about the areas ...... 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，所填的词做表语。由于educate和the traveler之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动词-ed形式。故填educated。 educated 2. (2019·天津卷) __________ (learn) to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future. 【解析】考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以作主语。此处用动名词作主语，故填learning。 Learning 考向3　作定语 单句语法填空 1. (2022·新高考全国II卷) When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the _______ (fall) child.  【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已经出现了谓语动词，所以此处用非谓语形式；中心词child与fall之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式做定语。故用falling。 falling 2. (2021·全国I卷) Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ________ (ache) legs. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处需要用过去分词作定语，修饰legs，表示“疼痛的腿”，ache和legs是逻辑上的主谓关系。故填aching。 aching 3. (2019·全国II卷)When we got a call _______ (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。 saying 4. (全国Ⅰ) Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _______ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词arranges，故应考虑此处填非谓语动词。由于live与其所修饰的名词people之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用表示主动意义的现在分词形式作定语。故填living。 living 考向4　作状语 单句语法填空 1. (2024·新课标全国II卷) _________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language __ (and) see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。 Recalling 2. (2023·全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, ___________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词begins，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 borrowing 3. (2023·全国乙卷) ______________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句中时间状语来判断，应用完成时形式。另外，这里是非谓语做状语，表示主语的另一个动作，但这个动作发生在谓语动词之前，故用-ing完成式。故填having visited。 Having visited 4. (2022·全国I卷) _________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作状语，空处和逻辑主语the GPNP为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。 Covering 5. (2021·全国II卷) I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, _________ (think) it is food.  【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构可知，所填的词用做状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，所以用动词-ing形式。故填thinking。 thinking 6. (2019·全国III卷) On the last day of our week－long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, _________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以本题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。 listening 7. (2019·北京卷) Nervously _______ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”． 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。 facing 8. (全国Ⅲ) The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, ______ (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。第二句中已有谓语cooked，且无其他连词，use与主句主语存在主动关系，故填现在分词形式作方式状语。故填using。 using 考向5　固定搭配 单句语法填空 1. (2023·全国乙卷) As a photographer, I have spent the last two years __________ (record) everything I discovered. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一个摄影师，我花了两年的时间记录我发现的一切。这里考查固定搭配spend ... (in) doing...。故填recording。 recording 2. (2017·全国Ⅲ) But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term _______ (rest). 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是和她的同学们不同，16岁的莎拉并没有花半个学期的时间休息。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配。故填resting。 resting 非谓语动词的形式及句法功能 种类 时态 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 一般式 进行式 完成式 动名词 一般式 完成式 分词 现在 一般式 完成式 过去 一般式 2. 考点精析 to do to be done to be doing × to have done to have been done doing being done having done having been done doing being done having done having been done done(vi.)表完成 done(vt.)表被动与完成 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ × × × × × × 非谓语动词：-ing分词的核心考点 1. 非谓语动词作主语 1)-ing分词做主语时，应该判断为动名词。动名词是由动词变化而来，所以动名词的意义也是表示某个动作或事情。例如： Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good. 早晨大声读英语会给你带来很多好处。 Cheating on an exam ruins one’s character. 考试作弊毁坏一个人的性格。 2)动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用“It is…”和 “There is…”两种句式来表示。例如: It is no use / no good waiting for him any longer. (动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语) 等他是没有用/好处的。 There is no joking about such matters. (该句是倒装句，动名词短语是主语) 这种事开不得玩笑。 3)动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为，往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起，如: It is no use wasting time discussing how it happened. (抽象) He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具体) 4)在实际运用中，一般可以互换，差异不大。但在下列情况中不能互换：当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式，如 ： Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe. 5)动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语it，而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用动名词，不宜用不定式来代替: It’s no use doing … It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of time doing … 2. 非谓语动词--动名词做宾语 (1)动词admit, appreciate, avoid, consider (考虑), delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, risk, resist, suggest等后要接动名词作宾语。 I would normally suggest taking time off work, but in this instance I’m not sure that would do any good. I can’t imagine sitting in traffic, getting stressed out. (2)动词短语can’t stand, give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, look forward to, put off, devote...to, object to, be busy (in), get down to, have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), have fun等后要接动名词作宾语。 Many old people find they have great difficulty (in) adapting themselves to the changing times. Jane is my new pen pal, I often look forward to receiving her e-mail. 注意：动词后面只能接动名词做宾语的顺口溜：建议完成多练习(suggest, advise, finish, practice)，避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, delay)，承认喜欢和原谅(admit, enjoy, like, love, forgive, excuse, pardon)，允许想象需欣赏(allow, imagine, appreciate)，反对逃脱与冒险( mind, escape, risk)，考虑抵制要继续( consider, resist, keep)，厌倦拖延别放弃(be tired of, put off, give up)，期望坚持定成功(look forward to, insist on, stick to, succeed in)。 They won’t go home until they finish cleaning the classroom. 打扫完教室，他们才会回家。 Would you mind opening the window? Get more fresh air. 你介意开窗吗？多呼吸点新鲜空气。 He studied sculpture because he enjoyed working with clay. 他学习雕塑，因为他喜欢用粘土干活。 (3)with＋宾语＋ -ing分词(宾补) 表示某个动作正在进行或某个状态正在持续。如: With blood pouring from his leg, he made it to a nearby house.他腿上涌着鲜血，走到附近的一所房子。 With the crowds cheering, the royal party drove to the palace.在人群的欢呼声中，皇室成员一行驱车到皇宫去。 正如进行时态有时可以表示将来意义一样，有时“现在分词”也可表示将来意义。如: With the exams coming next week, I have no time for a social tife.下个星期就要考试了，我没有时参加社交活动。 With exams approaching, it’s a good idea to review your class notes.随着考试的临近，复习一下你的课堂笔记是个不错的主意。 (4)介词后要接动名词作宾语，如：what about, how about, be fond of, be good at等的介词后接动名词。注意on/upon doing sth. = as soon as引导的从句，作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。 On his arrival of / On arriving in London, Charles was sentenced to death. 注意： ①表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语；表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式作宾语。 I like singing because it’s another way to express myself. ②want, require, need表“需要”讲，后用不定式时，要用其被动形式；用动名词时，用其主动形式(表被动意义)。 The old house required to be repaired. The old house required repairing. 3. 非谓语动词--现在分词作状语 ①一般式doing 表示动作和谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。 Walking in the nature reserve, you will have a chance to see rare animals like giant pandas, golden monkeys. (主动关系) ②完成式having done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子主语是主动关系。 Not having completed the project, they had to stay there for two more months. ③被动式having been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子的主语是被动关系。 Having been asked to his birthday party, I cannot help declining your invitation. (被动意义，非谓语动词的动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前) 4. 非谓语动词作定语 ①动名词作定语可用来说明被修饰的名词的用途和性能。如: reading material 阅读材料 walking stick 手杖 fishing pole 鱼杆 flying suit 飞行服 writing table 写字台 listening practice 听力训练 ②现在分词作定语主要是用来修饰正在进行的动作，说明被修饰名词的特征。现在分词主动形式(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行；单个的-ing分词放在修饰词的前面，-ing分词短语则放在修饰词的后面。现在分词被动形式(补语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，表示该动作的被动和进行。 The Slow Movement is a term that describes a wide range of efforts taking place around the world. This is one of the experiments being carried out in our country. 现在分词作定语，多表主动和进行的含义。有别于过去分词，表被动含义。请体会下两句： The teacher came in, following some students.老师跟着一些学生进来了。（学生在老师之前） The teacher came in, followed by some students.老师被一些学生跟着进来了。（学生在老师之后） 又如： The smiling girl is my sister. (smiling 修饰girl，表示“正在微笑的女孩”） The man standing there is my teacher. (standing there 修饰man，表示“站在那里的男人”） The flying birds are very beautiful. (flying 修饰birds，表示“正在飞的鸟”） 5. 非谓语动词-ing分词作表语 (1)动名词作表语时，说明主语的内容。 Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 他的工作是洗衣、做饭和照顾孩子。 The real question is getting to know the needs of the people. 真正的问题是了解人民的需要。 (2)现在分词或过去分词作表语时，通常为分词化的形容词。 This story he told us is very interesting. 这故事很有趣。 The problem at the meeting is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑。 注：be + -ing 还可能是进行时态，如： Something is moving under the bed. 床下有东西在动。 3.书面表达中动词-ing形式易错点聚焦 1. 缺少非谓语动词的主动与被动意识 The man lay on his back, with his whole body burying in the sand. The man lay on his back, with his whole body buried in the sand. (误) (正) The book is worth reading. The book is worth being read. The book is worthy of being read. It’s worthwhile being read the book. It’s worthwhile doing somethingwell. (正) (正) (正) (误) (误) 2. 缺少搭配意识 Would you stop to play computer games? You have played it for too long. Would you stop playing computer games? You have played it for too long. Your old bicycle needs to repair. Your old bicycle needs repairing. Your old bicycle needs to be repaired. (误) (正) (误) (正) (正) 3. 缺少前后主语一致意识 Before handing in your test paper, it is necessary to go over the whole paper. Before handing in your test paper, you should go over the whole paper. Before you hand in your test paper, you should go over the whole paper. (误) (正) (正) 4. 缺少结构意识 Time permits, hiking on the mountain is much better. Time permitting, hiking on the mountain is much better. If time permits, hiking on the mountain is much better. Having not been in the city long, I was still a stranger there. Not having been in the city long, I was still a stranger there. As I haven’t been in the city long, I was still a stranger there. (误) (误) (正) (正) (正) (正) 4. 考 点 集 训 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1. Having been warned of danger in the street at night, she had to go home, with a friend __________ (follow) her. 解析：考查 “with + 复合宾语”结构。a friend 与 follow 之间是主动关系。应该用现在分词。故填following。 2. Farmland is getting lost quickly, so they are considering ________ (start) a programme to solve the problem. 解析：考查动名词。consider后面可以接两种形式，consider + sb. to do / to be ...和consider + doing ...。这里考查第二种用法。故填starting。 following starting 3. This problem is far from ____________ (settle), so it has to be discussed again at tomorrow’s meeting. 解析：考查动名词做介词宾语。介词 from 后应用动词的-ing 形式，且 settle 与 problem 之间存在着被动关系，故填being settled。 4. They really have a great time too, __________ (design) everything, drawing the blue prints, figuring out the angles and so on. 解析：考查动名词做介词宾语。have a (good/great) time (in) doing ... 意为“在......玩得很高兴”。因此应用动名词形式，也可以根据后面的两个-ing 形式来判断。故填designing。 being settled designing 5. — Henry doesn’t seem like the same person. — ___________ (see) so much in the war has made him more thoughtful. 解析：考查动名词复合结构做主语。很明显答语在结构上缺少主语。to do 与-ing都可充当主语，但to do充当主语多表示某一具体的动作，且多表将来。动名词则表示经常性或习惯性动作。故填His seeing。 6. — I really appreciate ________ (have) time to holiday with you on this nice island. — It’s my pleasure. 解析：考查动名词做宾语。appreciate, enjoy, finish, avoid等动词后常用动词的-ing 形式充当宾语。故填having。 His seeing having 7. _____________ (save) a little money, Jane was able to buy her mother a lovely new watch. 解析：考查现在分词充当原因状语。save这一动作发生在主句动作之前,且动作发出者为主句的主语Jane，和是逻辑上的主谓关系。故填Having saved。 8. We saw new houses __________ (build) wherever we went on our visit. 解析：考查非谓语动词充当宾语补足语。过去分词表示被动和完成，-ing 形式表示正在进行；句意：不管我们到哪儿参观，都看到新房子正在建设，且 build与 houses 存在被动关系，应该用现在分词被动形式。故填being built。 Having saved being built 9. The man _________ (stand) by the door is my English teacher. 解析：考查现在分词做后置定语。句意：站在门边的那个人是我的英语老师。此空和前面的名词是逻辑上的主谓关系，应该用现在分词。故填standing。 standing 10. I thought he was making fun of me, and ran faster than ever, __________ (reach) the school yard quite out of breath. 解析：考查现在分词做结果状语。句意：我想他在拿我开玩笑，就越发跑得快了，到达校园时已经上气不接下气。此空用现在分词做结果状语，相当于一个状语从句so that I reached ...。故填reaching。 reaching II.语法填空(非谓语动词-ing分词专练) A star-studded (明星荟萃的) delegation of mainland athletes who achieved ____________ (outstand) results at the Paris Olympics arrived in Hong Kong on Thursday for a series of activities to demonstrate the medalists’ Olympic spirit and __________ (interact) with local residents for three days. Led by the president of the Chinese Olympic Committee, a group of 65 Chinese Olympians arrived in Hong Kong on Thursday. It has been a tradition for mainland Olympic medalists to visit the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions after _________ (finish) the Summer Olympic Games. China celebrated its most successful overseas performance ever during the Paris Olympics, ________ (secure) the second spot in the overall medal __________ (stand), with 40 gold medals. The ________ (visit) delegation included _______ (dive) superstar Quan Hongchan and record _________ (break) swimmer Pan Zhanle. During a __________ (welcome) meeting, Hong Kong Chief Executive John Lee Ka-chiu said the event provides Hong Kong residents with the opportunity to witness the excellence of national athletes up close, fully _______________ (demonstrate) the care that the country places on Hong Kong. outstanding to interact finishing securing standings visiting diving breaking demonstrating welcoming III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) (2020年6月浙江高考）Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ____, through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on _______ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. Farming produced more food per person ______ hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food ____________ (need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology __________ (change) lives. By about 6000 BC, people _______________ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later, they learned to work with the ________ (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, _________ (make) use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields. This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with _____ rise of science, changes began. New methods _______ (mean) that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so, these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers (化肥) have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age. in what than was needed to change had discovered seasons making the meant $$