2025届高三英语一轮复习培优外刊阅读导学案：食物上瘾

高三英语培优外刊阅读 班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________ 外刊精选｜新研究：这些食物易上瘾，吃多了会让人变傻？ 你是否也会在打开一包零食之后，就一包接着一包，吃到停不下来？市面上大多数袋装零食，还有早餐麦片、冰淇淋、含糖饮料等，都属于超加工食品。它们通常高糖、高脂、含有多种食品添加剂。不仅极易上瘾、增加疾病风险，而且最新研究表明，这类食品还会直接影响大脑的学习、记忆和感知能力。超加工食品和天然食品的区别具体有哪些？又会对人体造成怎样的影响？ The New Science on What Ultra-Processed Food Does to Your Brain New research suggests links between ultra-processed foods—such as chips, many cereals and most packaged snacks at the grocery store—and changes in the way we learn, remember and feel. Many ultra-processed foods hit the brain rapidly when we eat them and have a strong effect on its reward system, which is involved in pleasure, motivation and learning. Those effects are similar to ones when people use nicotine, alcohol and other addictive drugs, said Ashley Gearhardt, a professor of psychology at the University of Michigan. "People intensely crave ultra-processed foods and consume them compulsively and find they can't stop eating them," she said. The combination of high levels of both fat and carbs in many ultra-processed foods is likely why we crave them. Foods in nature are often high in fat or carbs, but not both. Bananas are naturally high in sugar but you eat one and you're good. Scientists were surprised to find that people who had been eating a high-fat, high-sugar snack also had changes in how their brains learned. In a study, four days of having a breakfast high in saturated fat and added sugar was linked to reductions in performance on some learning and memory tests, according to researchers in Australia. People who had a healthier breakfast didn't have the performance changes. 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.chips (n.) ________________________________________ 2.rapidly (adv.) ________________________________________ 3.motivation (n.) ________________________________________ 4.intensely (adv.)________________________________________ 5.crave (v.) ________________________________________ 6.consume (v.) ________________________________________ 7.compulsively (adv.) ________________________________________ 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.________________________________________忍不住一直做某事 2.________________________________________你不用客气/我没事 3.________________________________________惊讶地发现... 拓展练习阅读理解 Sometimes I try to turn the TV off and ignore it, but it calls to me: Cindy... just come and spend a little time with me to wake up... watch the morning news... you have to know what’s going on in the world. An hour later, when I should be doing dishes or laundry, I am attracted by the promos (宣传片) and I have to watch the next show. Just a little, I tell myself, and another hour goes by. Finally, I make myself turn it off and get busy with the chores of life. I work for an hour or two, and to my surprise, it’s time for lunch. Who wants to eat lunch alone? I turn on the TV for a little “company”, I watch some reruns of one of my favorites and enjoy my hour-long lunch break with my “friends.” Then I decide to keep the TV on, “just for noise.” while I continue with chores. I bring in laundry to fold, but end up watching TV and folding laundry only during commercials. I bring things into the living room so I can “listen” while I work, but once again, TV is so appealing that I only get to my chores during commercials. Suddenly, it’s time to make dinner. I still keep the TV on while I cook. My husband and I eat dinner while watching TV, because he wants to stay informed. After a long day at work, he wants to watch a little TV and relax. Who am I to deny him this privilege? Naturally, I keep him company, because I haven’t seen him all day. The evening disappears in a few sitcoms and a “made-for-TV” movie, I even force myself to stay up and watch the last show. I calculate that the TV is on in our house for about fifteen hours a day! That’s 105 hours a week. Gone are the days of reading, panting, taking walks, or sitting on the swing in the garden talking to old friends on the phone. All are put off until the next commercial or the end of the show. It’s time to take my life back. I’m disconnecting from TV. 17．What do we know about the author from the first paragraph? A．She prefers entertainment to news on TV. B．The TV often distracts her from the chores. C．She watches TV while talking with her friends. D．She finds it easy to ignore the TV and do chores. 18．Why does the author’s husband watch TV during dinner? A．He enjoys the noise. B．The author insists on it. C．He feels like watching the news. D．He wants to accompany the author. 19．Which of the following can best describe the author? A．Humorous and self-aware. B．Creative and confident. C．Outgoing and warm-hearted. D．Generous and independent. 20．What makes the author decide to disconnect from TV? A．She misses her old hobbies. B．She needs to focus on her work. C．She feels TV is taking over her life. D．She feels her eyesight is getting worse. 外刊精选答案 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.chips (n.) 薯条，碎片 2.rapidly (adv.) 迅速地 3.motivation (n.) 动机，动力 4.intensely (adv.) 强烈地，极度地 5.crave (v.) 渴望，热望 6.consume (v.) 消耗，消费 7.compulsively (adv.) 强迫地，无法控制地 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.can't stop doing something 忍不住一直做某事 2.you're good / i'm good 你不用客气/我没事 3.surprised to find that 惊讶地发现... 【全文翻译】 新的科学研究揭示超加工食品对大脑产生的影响 新研究表明，超加工食品（如薯条、多种早餐麦片和超市里的大多数袋装零食）与我们学习、记忆和感受方式的转变有所关联。 当我们食用超加工食品时，它们会迅速对大脑产生影响，并对其奖赏系统产生强烈作用，而这个系统与满足感、积极性和学习能力有关。 密歇根大学心理学教授阿什利·吉尔哈特（Ashley Gearhardt）表示，这些作用与人们摄入尼古丁、酒精和其他成瘾性药物后的反应类似。 她说：“人们对超加工食品有强烈的渴望，吃起来欲罢不能，而且会完全停不下来。” 许多超加工食品中脂肪和碳水化合物的含量都很高，这可能就是我们对它们欲罢不能的原因。天然的食物通常富含脂肪或碳水化合物，但不会两者兼备。香蕉天然含糖量高，但你吃一个就满足了。 科学家们惊讶地发现，一直食用高脂、高糖零食的人，大脑的学习方式也发生了变化。 澳大利亚的研究人员在一项研究中发现，连续四天食用饱和脂肪和添加糖含量高的早餐，会导致一些学习和记忆测试的成绩下降。而吃健康早餐的人则没有出现这种变化。 拓展练习阅读理解 17．B 18．C 19．A 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者沉迷于看电视的经历以及她决定不再看电视的原因。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Sometimes I try to turn the TV off and ignore it, but it calls to me: Cindy... just come and spend a little time with me to wake up... watch the morning news... An hour later, when I should be doing dishes or laundry, I am attracted by the promos (宣传片) and I have to watch the next show. Just a little, I tell myself, and another hour goes by.(有时我试着关掉电视，不去管它，但它却在呼唤我：辛迪……快来陪陪我，让我清醒一下……看看早间新闻……一个小时后，当我应该洗碗或洗衣服时，我被宣传片所吸引，不得不看下一个节目。就一会儿，我告诉自己，又一个小时过去了)”可知，作者本想关掉电视做家务，但总是被电视吸引，花费很长时间看电视，由此推知，电视经常使作者分心，无法做家务。故选B项。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“My husband and I eat dinner while watching TV, because he wants to stay informed.(我丈夫和我一边看电视一边吃晚饭，因为他想了解时事)”可知，作者的丈夫想在吃饭时看电视，是因为他想了解时事新闻。故选C项。 19．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Sometimes I try to turn the TV off and ignore it, but it calls to me…An hour later, when I should be doing dishes or laundry, I am attracted by the promos (宣传片) and I have to watch the next show. Just a little, I tell myself, and another hour goes by. Finally, I make myself turn it off and get busy with the chores of life.(有时我试着关掉电视，不去管它，但它却在呼唤我……一个小时后，当我应该洗碗或洗衣服时，我被宣传片所吸引，不得不看下一个节目。就一会儿，我告诉自己，又一个小时过去了。最后，我强迫自己关掉电视，开始忙于生活中的琐事)”和最后一段“I calculate that the TV is on in our house for about fifteen hours a day! That’s 105 hours a week. Gone are the days of reading, panting, taking walks, or sitting on the swing in the garden talking to old friends on the phone. All are put off until the next commercial or the end of the show. It’s time to take my life back. I’m disconnecting from TV.(我算了一下，我们家每天开电视大约15个小时!那就是每周105个小时。阅读、画画、散步，或者坐在花园里的秋千上和老朋友打电话聊天的日子一去不复返了。所有这些都被推迟到下一个广告或节目结束。是时候把我的生活找回来了。我要和电视断绝关系)”可知，作者能够意识到自己沉迷于看电视，并且以一种幽默的方式讲述自己的经历，由此推知，作者是一个幽默且有自知之明的人。故选A项。 20．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Gone are the days of reading, panting, taking walks, or sitting on the swing in the garden talking to old friends on the phone. All are put off until the next commercial or the end of the show. It’s time to take my life back. I’m disconnecting from TV.(阅读、画画、散步，或者坐在花园里的秋千上和老朋友打电话聊天的日子一去不复返了。所有这些都被推迟到下一个广告或节目结束。是时候把我的生活找回来了。我要和电视断绝关系)”可知，作者决定不再看电视是因为她觉得自己以前的爱好都被看电视取代了，电视占据了她的生活。故选C项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$