2025届高三英语一轮复习培优外刊阅读导学案：橘猫

高三英语培优外刊阅读 班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________ 外刊精选｜新发现：橘猫自带“社牛”属性，只因曾和维京人走南闯北？ 无论你是否养猫，可能都听说过“十橘九公”“大橘为重”这样的说法。其实，橘猫不仅大部分是公猫，天生体型偏大，还是天生的“社交达人”。它们性格外向，勇于冒险，喜欢出没于广场、公园等公众场合。不仅不怕人，还会主动上前“求摸摸”。橘猫究竟有多“社牛”？这与千百年前的维京人（又称“北欧海盗”）有着怎样的联系？ What makes ginger tom cats so adventurous? The purring hospital helper. The railway station and supermarket regular. If there's a cat hanging around a public space craving a stranger's pat, the chances are it's a ginger tom. Owners often find themselves apologising to neighbours for feline acts of trespass or burglary. Biologist and cat behaviour expert Roger Tabor says the "archetypal 'big old ginger tom' is the classic cat next door" and their behaviour could be down to the Vikings. The scientific consensus has been there are some breed temperament differences, such as lively Burmese or placid Persians, but not differences on colour. However, studies of owners' perceptions tell a different story. "The perception that ginger toms are friendlier and more confident with people may make them less fearful of wandering around pavements and roads," Mr Tabor said. That outgoing nature could be one of the reasons ginger cats were apparently so popular with Vikings. York, once a Viking stronghold, still has a higher population of ginger cats than London. Vikings may just have liked the distinctive fur, but the friendly, less-fearful nature of the ginger cat could be why it boldly strolled onto their boats. Ginger cats themselves could be said to have a Viking disposition, friendly to people they get on with, but fierce with opponent tom cats. 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.archetypal (adj.) ________________________________________ 2.temperament (n.) ________________________________________ 3.boldly (adv.) ________________________________________ 4.disposition (n.)________________________________________ 5.fierce (adj.) ________________________________________ 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.________________________________________机会是... 2.________________________________________我发现自己正在做某事 3.________________________________________科学共识是... 4.________________________________________外向的性格 拓展练习阅读理解 Plants are known to respond to seasonal changes by budding (发芽), leafing, and flowering. As climate change stands to shift these so-called phenological (物候的) stages in the life cycle of plants, access to data about phenological changes — from many different locations and in different plants — can be used to draw conclusions about the actual consequences of climate change. However, conducting such analyses require a large amount of data and data collection of this scale would be unthinkable without the help of citizen scientists. “Mobile apps like Flora Incognita could help solve this issue. The app allows users to identify unknown wild plants within a matter of seconds. When I take a picture of a plant with the app, the observation is recorded with the exact location as well as a time stamp,” says the first author Karin Mora, research fellow at Leipzig University. Although satellite data also records the phenology of entire ecosystems from above, they do not provide information about the processes taking place on the ground. The researchers developed an algorithm (算法) that draws on almost 10 million observations of nearly 3,000 plants species identified in Germany by users of Flora Incognita. The data show that each individual plant has its own cycle as to when it begins a flowering or growth phase. Furthermore, the scientists were able to show that group behaviour arises from the behaviour of individuals. From this, they were able to conclude ecological patterns and investigate how these change with the seasons. For example, ecosystems by rivers differ from those in the mountains, where phenological events start later. It is known that climate change is causing seasonal shifts — for example, spring is arriving earlier and earlier. How this affects the relationship between plants and pollinating insects and therefore potentially also food security is still being subject to further research. The new algorithm can now be used to better analyse the effects of these changes on the plant world. 5．What is the significance of data about phenological changes? A．It can serve as the indicator of weather. B．It can help people to select the best seeds. C．It can show the actual effects of climate change. D．It can be used to change the life cycle of plants. 6．What does the underlined part “this issue” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Collecting data. B．Sorting out species. C．Identifying plants. D．Checking climate change. 7．What conclusion did researchers draw using the new algorithm? A．Spring is becoming longer and longer. B．All plants have their own growth cycle. C．Group behaviour affects individual behaviour. D．Ecological patterns in different areas are similar. 8．What is the passage mainly about? A．How citizen scientists use mobile apps to collect data. B．How climate change is affecting the growth of plants. C．How a plant app helps identify the impact of climate change. D．How Flora Incognita allows users to identify unknown wild plants. 外刊精选答案 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.archetypal (adj.) 原型的 2.temperament (n.) 气质，性情 3.boldly (adv.) 大胆地 4.disposition (n.) 性情，倾向 5.fierce (adj.) 猛烈的，强烈的 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.The chances are 机会是... 2.I find myself doing something 我发现自己正在做某事 3.The scientific consensus is that … 科学共识是... 4.an outgoing nature 外向的性格 【全文翻译】 是什么让橘色公猫如此爱冒险？ 无论是爱呼噜噜的医院小助手，还是爱逛火车站和超市的老顾客，如果在公共场合有一只猫在求人来摸摸的话，那很有可能就是一只橘色公猫。 它们会“擅自闯入”邻居家或“入室盗窃”，猫咪的主人就经常要去向邻居道歉。 生物学家兼猫咪行为专家罗杰·塔伯（Roger Tabor）称，常见的邻家猫咪多是那种“经典的橘色大公猫”，它们的行为很可能与维京人有关。 科学界存在一个共识，那就是不同品种的猫咪会有不同的性格，比如缅因猫活泼而波斯猫温顺，但这与毛色并无关系。然而，猫咪主人的观察却有不一样的发现。 塔伯说：“大家普遍认为，橘色公猫在人面前时更友好也更自信，这就使得它们在人行道或马路上漫步时不会那么害怕。” 橘猫的外向性格，可能就是它们深受维京人喜爱的一个原因。英国城市约克作为维京人曾经的聚集地，现在拥有的橘猫数量仍然比伦敦要多。 维京人可能只是喜欢橘猫独特的皮毛，但是橘猫亲人、不胆怯的天性可能是它们大胆登上维京人船只的原因。 可以说，橘猫本身就具有维京人的特性，那就是，对合得来的人很友好，但和其他公猫争斗时很凶横。 拓展练习阅读理解 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个研究小组开发了一种算法，这种算法可以分析来自FloraIncognita应用程序的观测数据，以判断气候变化对植物的影响。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“As climate change stands to shift these so-called phenological (物候的) stages in the life cycle of plants, access to data about phenological changes — from many different locations and in different plants — can be used to draw conclusions about the actual consequences of climate change. (由于气候变化改变了植物生命周期中所谓的物候阶段，获取来自许多不同地点和不同植物的物候变化数据，可以用来得出关于气候变化实际后果的结论。)”可知，物候变化数据的意义在于它能反映气候变化的实际影响。故选C项。 6．词句猜测题。根据画线部分所在句的上一段“However, conducting such analyses require a large amount of data and data collection of this scale would be unthinkable without the help of citizen scientists. (然而，进行这样的分析需要大量的数据，如果没有公民科学家的帮助，这种规模的数据收集是不可想象的。)”和画线部分的上文“Mobile apps like Flora Incognita could help solve (像Flora Incognita这样的移动应用程序可以帮助解决)”可知，文中先提到需要收集大规模的数据，然后提到如Flora Incognita这样的移动应用程序可以发挥解决的作用，由此可知，程序解决的是收集数据的问题，画线部分指代的是收集数据。故选A项。 7．细节理解题。根据第五段中“The data show that each individual plant has its own cycle as to when it begins a flowering or growth phase. (数据显示，每一株植物都有自己的开花或生长周期。)”可知，研究人员利用新算法得出的结论是，所有植物都有自己的生长周期。故选B项。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第五段中“The researchers developed an algorithm (算法) that draws on almost 10 million observations of nearly 3,000 plants species identified in Germany by users of Flora Incognita. (研究人员开发了一种算法，该算法利用了Flora Incognita用户在德国发现的近3000种植物的近1000万份观察结果。)”可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员利用开发的新算法分析来自Flora Incognita应用程序中的观测数据，以判断气候变化对植物的影响。故选C项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$