2025届高三英语一轮复习培优外刊阅读导学案：爱发脾气的人更容易便秘？

高三英语培优外刊阅读 班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________ 外刊精选｜新研究：爱发脾气的人，更容易便秘？ 随着医学的进步和人们对心理健康问题的关注，越来越多的研究成果揭示了心理健康对身体健康的重要影响。本月刊登在美国权威医学期刊上的一项最新研究表明，暴躁易怒、爱发脾气，或是长时间生闷气都可能对健康产生极大伤害。愤怒究竟会对我们的身体产生哪些伤害？有什么方法可以帮我们化解愤怒、心平气和？ Anger Does a Lot More Damage to Your Body Than You Realize Getting angry doesn't just hurt our mental health, it's also damaging to our hearts, brains and gastrointestinal systems, according to doctors and recent research. Of course, it's a normal emotion that everyone feels—but getting mad too often or for too long can cause problems. One recent study looked at anger's effects on the heart. It found that anger can raise the risk of heart attacks because it impairs the functioning of blood vessels. When someone becomes angry, the body's sympathetic nervous system—or "fight or flight" system—is also activated. This slows down movement in the GI tract, which can lead to problems like constipation. Anger can trigger the body to release stress hormones. High levels of stress hormones can affect decision-making, attention and executive function. Doctors recommend anger-management strategies. Hypnosis, meditation and mindfulness can help. So too can changing the way you respond to anger. Try to notice how you feel and slow down your response, and then learn to express it. You also want to make sure you're not suppressing the feeling, as that can backfire and exacerbate the emotion. Instead of yelling at a family member when you're angry, say, "I am angry because X, Y and Z, and therefore I don't feel like eating with you or I need a hug or support." 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.impair (v.) ________________________________________ 2.decision-making (n.) ________________________________________ 3.mindfulness (n.) ________________________________________ 4.backfire (v./n.) ________________________________________ 5.exacerbate (v.) ________________________________________ 6.gastrointestinal (adj.) ________________________________________ 7.sympathetic (adj.) ________________________；n. ________________ 8.activate (v.) ________________________________________ 9.constipation (n.) ________________________________________ 10.trigger (v./n.) ________________________________________ 11.release (v./n.) ________________________________________ 12.hormone (n.) ________________________________________ 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.________________________________________提高...的风险 2.________________________________________战斗或逃跑反应 3.________________________________________触发反应 4.________________________________________执行功能 5.________________________________________抑制感情 拓展练习阅读理解 ChatGPT and other language- based large language mobiles (LLMs) exhibit human- level performance on many natural- language tasks in English. The same is true of other widely used tongues. But Paiute is considered a “no- resource language”, meaning there are no publicly available Paiute sentences translated into English on which to train a machine learning model. In a new paper, “LLM- Assisted Rule- Based Machine Translation for Low/ No- Resource Languages”, Colem an and his professor Krishnamachari propose a machine translation approach called LLM-RBMT (Rule- Based Machine Translation) to help people learn no- resource languages. Their approach consists of a more “old school” rule- based translator tools and a more advanced, natural language- based large language model. In their method, the LLM does not translate into or from Paiute. Instead, it helps to guide the rule- based translators, which rely on grammatical and vocabulary rules to translate between languages. The translation tool simplifies complex sentences and uses placeholders (占位符) for unknown words. While this process loses some meaning, it still produces understandable and grammatically correct translations. This method, said Coleman, mirrors how language learners naturally speak by mixing known and unknown words, making it a practical tool for real- world use and the tool is smart enough to be able to do a lot of the translation on its own. Colem an also built some digital tools related to language revitalization (复兴), named Kubishi or “brain” in Paiute, including an online dictionary, and a sentence- builder and a translation system enabled by this research. Overall, the paper found that LLM’s remarkable general- purpose language skills make them a promising tool in helping revitalize critically endangered languages like Paiute. For his part, Colem an credits his tribe’s (部落) members, past and present, for paving the path. “A lot of people in my tribe have been working for a long time on different language revitalization efforts, including classes, dictionaries and recordings,” said Coleman. “So though I am excited, I know it is one piece of a much larger puzzle.” Indeed, the paper points to many directions for future work, including adding more complex sentence structures to test the limits of the method outlined in his paper. 13．What can we learn about LLM-RBMT? A．It is a traditional way to learn languages. B．It can translate Paiute into any other language. C．It is useful for learners of no- resource languages. D．It can simplify the process of learning English. 14．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3? A．The principle of the LLM. B．The advantages of the LLM. C．The grammar and vocabulary of Paiute. D．The efficiency of the translation tool. 15．What contribution did Coleman make? A．He popularized Paiute all over the world. B．He helped to save endangered languages. C．He recorded and preserved his tribe’s history. D．He invented a smart language learning machine. 16．What can we infer about Coleman from paragraph 7? A．His tribe gave birth to many scientists. B．He was very grateful to his tribe’s members. C．He would publicize something more puzzling. D．His tribe’s members got involved in his work directly. 外刊精选答案 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.impair (v.) 损害，削弱 2.decision-making (n.) 决策过程 3.mindfulness (n.) 正念，专注力 4.backfire (v./n.) 适得其反，事与愿违 5.exacerbate (v.) 加剧，恶化 6.gastrointestinal (adj.) 胃肠的 7.sympathetic (adj.) 同情的，共鸣的；n. 交感神经 8.activate (v.) 激活，使活动 9.constipation (n.) 便秘 10.trigger (v./n.) 触发，引起 11.release (v./n.) 释放，发行 12.hormone (n.) 激素 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.to raise the risk of 提高...的风险 2.fight or flight 战斗或逃跑反应 3.to trigger a reaction 触发反应 4.executive function 执行功能 5.to suppress feelings 抑制感情 【全文翻译】 愤怒对身体造成的伤害，远远超出你的想象 根据医生们的最新研究，生气不仅会伤害我们的心理健康，还会伤害我们的心脏、大脑和消化系统。愤怒固然是每个人都会有的正常情绪，但是生气的频率过高或时间过长都会引发问题。 最近的一项研究探究了愤怒对心脏的影响。研究发现，愤怒会增加心脏病发作的风险，因为它会损害血管的功能。 当一个人生气时，身体的交感神经系统（即“战斗还是逃跑”系统）也会被激活。这会减缓胃肠道的蠕动，从而导致便秘等问题。 愤怒会引发身体释放压力荷尔蒙（即应激激素）。高水平的压力荷尔蒙会影响决策、注意力和执行功能。 医生推荐使用愤怒管理策略。催眠、冥想和正念都有助于（缓解愤怒），改变你对愤怒的应对方式也是一种办法。 试着体察自己的感受，放慢应对感受的速度，然后学着表达感受。与此同时，你还要确保自己没有压抑这种感受，因为这可能会适得其反，使情绪恶化。 当你生气时，可以选择不对家人大吼大叫，而是这样说：“我生气是因为X、Y、Z，所以我不太想和你一起吃饭。我需要一个拥抱，我需要支持。” 拓展练习阅读理解 13．C 14．A 15．B 16．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Coleman提出的一种被称为LLM-RBMT的机器翻译方法，它能帮助人们学习无资源语言，并帮助复兴濒危的语言。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Coleman and his professor Krishnamachari propose a machine translation approach called LLM-RBMT ( Rule- Based Machine Translation) to help people learn no- resource languages.(Coleman和他的教授Krishnamachari提出了一种叫做LLM-RBMT(基于规则的机器翻译)的机器翻译方法来帮助人们学习无资源语言。)”可知，Coleman所提出的这种方法可以帮助人们学习无资源的语言。故选C。 14．主旨大意题。根据第三段“In their method, the LLM does not translate into or from Paiute. Instead, it helps to guide the rule- based translators, which rely on grammatical and vocabulary rules to translate between languages. The translation tool simplifies complex sentences and uses placeholders (占位符) for unknown words. While this process loses some meaning, it still produces understandable and grammatically correct translations.(在他们的方法中，法学硕士不翻译成或从派尤特语。相反，它有助于指导基于规则的译者，他们依靠语法和词汇规则在语言之间进行翻译。翻译工具简化了复杂的句子，并使用占位符来表示未知的单词。虽然这个过程失去了一些意义，但它仍然产生了可理解且语法正确的翻译。)”可知，本段主要介绍了在 Coleman提出的这种方法中，大语言模型(LLM)是以何种方式运作并帮助翻译的，即其运作原理。故选A。 15．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Colem an also built some digital tools related to language revitalization (复兴), (Colem还建立了一些与语言复兴相关的数字工具)”以及第六段中“Overall, the paper found that LLM’s remarkable general- purpose language skills make them a promising tool in helping revitalize critically endangered languages like Paiute.(总的来说，这篇论文发现LLM卓越的通用语言技能使他们成为一个有希望的工具，帮助振兴像派尤特这样极度濒危的语言。)”可知，Coleman 对复兴濒危的语言做出了贡献。故选B。 16．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“For his part, Coleman credits his tribe’s members, past and present, for paving the path. (对Coleman来说，他把这条道路的铺设归功于他的部落过去和现在的成员。)”可知，Coleman认为是他部落的成员(无论是过去的还是现在的)为他铺平了道路。因此他对他们是心怀感激的。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$