Unit 3 Sports and Fitness【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高一英语单元速记•巧练(人教版2019必修第一册)

2024-09-19
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 高中英语人教版必修第一册
年级 高一
章节 Unit 3 Sports and Fitness
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2024-2025
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 360 KB
发布时间 2024-09-19
更新时间 2024-09-30
作者 小米夏
品牌系列 上好课·上好课
审核时间 2024-09-19
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来源 学科网

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Unit3 Sports and Fitness 话题 运动和健康 词汇 fitness, soccer, stadium, boxing, badminton, event, host, track, gymnastics, gym, legend, athlete, master, honour, glory, medal, champion, championship, determination, captain, strength, failure, audience , error,host, track, sweat, master, ski, injure, compete, pretend, cheat, jog, stress ,graceful, positive, slim, injured,,apart, rather, 短语 instead of, come along, take part in, work out, make it, at least, be up to sb, set an example, care for, lose heart, give up, fall apart, make sense, cut out, make a difference, now and then, compare…with… 句型 疑问句+do you think+陈述语序------what do you think the text is about? 反意疑问句陈述部分+附加疑问部分(助动词/be动词/情态动词+表示主语的代词) here/there/now/then引导的完全倒装句 even if/though 引导的让步状语从句 语法 附加疑问句 1. 附加疑问句的构成 2. 附加疑问句的回答 3. 附加疑问句需要注意的特殊情形 写作 有关健康的说明文 考点1. work out锻炼;计算出;解决;制订出;成功地发展 Come and work out at a gym!来健身房锻炼吧! (教材P37) 词汇 workout n. 锻炼;训练 【经典练】 They had to class schedules for the new term. 他们必须制订出新学期的课程表。 She found it difficult to the problem. 她发现解决这个问题有困难。 His face fell when he knew that things didn't . 当他知道事情进展不顺利时,他的脸沉了下来。 We have to how much food we'll need for the party next weekend. 我们得计算出下周末聚会我们需要多少食物。 考点2. honour n. 荣誉;尊敬;荣幸 v. 尊重;给予表扬 As a player,Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country. 作为一名运动员,郎平为她的国家带来了荣誉和光荣。(教材P38) 用法归纳 名①in honour  of    sb. =in sb. 's honour为了向某人表示敬意;为了纪念某人 ②It is/was  an    honour (for sb. ) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是荣幸的。 ③have the honour  of    doing sth. 有幸做某事 ④be an honour to sb. /sth. 是某人/某物的光荣 动⑤be/feel honoured  to do   sth. 做某事感到荣幸 ⑥be honoured for  . . . 因……而受到表彰/被给予荣誉(主动语honour sb. for   sth. ) ⑦be honoured with. . . 被给予……的尊重/荣誉(主动语态honour sb. /sth. with sth. ) 特别提醒 ①该词有两种拼写方式,honour为英式英语,honor为美式英语。 ②honour的发音以元音音素开头,故加不定冠词时要用an。 词汇拓展 honourable adj. 可敬的;值得钦佩的;品格高尚的;体面的 【经典练】 It is an for me to be invited here today. 今天被邀请到这儿来是我的荣幸。 I had the of having dinner with the famous scientist. 我曾经有幸和那位著名的科学家共进晚餐。 The Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated in of the famous ancient poet—Qu Yuan. 庆祝端午节是为了纪念古代著名的诗人——屈原。 The soldiers have been for their courage in the war. 战士们因在战争中的勇气而被表彰。 I am to give a speech here on behalf of my school. 我很荣幸能够代表我的学校在这里发言。 考点3. injure vt. 使受伤;损害 One of the best players had been injured. . . 最优秀的队员中有一人受伤了…… (教材P38) 词汇拓展 ①injury n. [C,U]伤害;损伤 injury/injuries to. . . ……(身体某部位)受伤 do an injury to sb. /oneself=do sb. /oneself an injury使某人/自己受伤 •There were serious injuries to the athlete's leg. 那个运动员的腿受了重伤。 •Warn John not to do himself an injury when he plays outdoors. 提醒约翰在户外玩耍时不要伤到自己。 ②injured adj. 受伤的 the injured伤员,受伤的人(复数概念) •The injured in the accident were rushed to the hospital. 事故中的伤员被迅速送到了医院。 易混辨析 injure 多指在事故中受伤,也可指对名誉、自尊的伤害 wound 通常指在战斗、攻击中受伤,多指枪伤、刀伤等皮肉伤; 也可指心灵上的创伤 hurt 可指身体受伤或疼痛,也可指精神或情感受到伤害 考点4. strength n. 力量;体力;优点,优势;力度 Jordan's skills were impressive,but the mental strength that he showed made him unique. 乔丹的技能令人印象深刻,但他表现出来的精神力量使他与众不同。(教材P38) 用法归纳 ①strengths and weaknesses  优缺点     ②strength to do   sth. 做某事的力气/力量 ③build  up    one's strength增强某人的体力 特别提醒 strength表示“力量;体力;力度”时常作不可数名词;表示“优点,优势”时常作可数名词。 词汇拓展 ①strengthen v. 加强;增强 •One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 一种观点是睡眠帮助我们增强新的记忆。 ②strong adj. 强壮的;强大的;坚强的 ③strongly adv. 坚决地;强烈地 特别提醒 常见的加后缀-en变动词的词还有: deep adj. 深的→deepen v. (使)加深 short adj. 短的→shorten v. (使)变短 length n. 长度→lengthen v. (使)变长 fright n. 惊吓→frighten v. 使惊吓 weak adj. 虚弱的;弱的→weaken v. (使)虚弱;削弱,减弱 【经典练】 We should know the and weaknesses of ourselves. 我们应该知道自己的优缺点。 Chinese culture is the source of to meet all kinds of challenges. 中国文化是迎接各类挑战的力量之源。 To build up our ,we often hold all kinds of activities in the school gym. 为了强身健体,我们经常在学校的体育馆举行各种各样的活动。 易混辨析 strength 陈述对象是人时表示“体力,力气”;陈述对象是物时指“强度”;也可指“优点,长处” power 基本意思是“力;力量”,也可指人、国家或机构的权力、职权、控制力或影响力,还可指“电力” energy 指人的精力或干劲,也可指能源 force 主要指强制力(如暴力、武力等),也可指物体移动或撞击时的力 •He threw the ball to me with all his strength. 他用尽全部的力气把球扔向我。 •You should know the powers of the police if you want to be a policeman. 如果你想成为一名警察,你应该了解警察的职权。 •My English teacher always puts all of her energies into her teaching work. 我的英语老师总是把她的全部精力放在她的教学工作上。 •The government shouldn't rule by force. 政府不应该使用武力进行统治。 考点5. failure n. 失败;失败的人(或事物);未做(应做之事);故障;失灵;衰竭 I can accept failure; everyone fails at something. 我可以接受失败,每个人都会在某件事上失败。(教材P38) 用法归纳 ①failure表示“失败”时,为 不可数   名词,表示“失败的人或事”时,为 可数   名词。 ②(the)failure to do  sth. 未能做某事 ③end  in    failure 以失败告终 词汇拓展 ①fail vi. 失败;未做成;出故障;失灵;衰退 vi. & vt. 不及格,未能通过 fail to do sth. 未能做成某事;未做某事 fail in sth. 在……方面失败了 fail the exam/fail in the exam考试不及格 •The team failed to win the championship. 这个队没能夺冠。 •The student failed in his effort to enter the student union. 这个学生试图进入学生会,但失败了。 ②success与failure相似,表示“成功”时,为不可数名词,表示“成功的人或事”时,为可数名词。英语中这类名词表示抽象的概念时,是不可数名词,但被赋予具体意义后,可用作可数名词,一般与不定冠词连用,表示“一个……的人或事物”。 【经典练】 The true is the failure to learn from failure. 真正的失败是没能从失败中吸取教训。 He is a as an artist,but a success as an art teacher. 他不是一个成功的艺术家,却是一个成功的美术老师。(写作—人物介绍) You'll end in if you don't focus your attention on your work. 如果你不把注意力集中在工作上,你最终会失败的。 考点6. give up放弃;投降 Losing games taught him to practise harder and never give up. 输掉比赛教会他更加努力地训练并且绝不放弃。(教材P38) 用法归纳 ①give up doing    sth. 放弃做某事 ②give up(“动词+副词”型短语)后接名词作宾语时,宾语可以放在up后面,也可以放在give和up之间,但give up的宾语为 代词    时,宾语只能放在give和up之间。 词汇拓展 give in (to. . . )(向……)屈服/投降/让步 give out发出,放出(热、光等);用完,耗尽 give off放出,发出(气味、热、光等) give away赠送;泄露 give back归还 【经典练】 My brother is a determined boy and never difficulties. 我哥哥是一个坚定的男孩,从不向困难屈服。 If you smoking,you will be healthier. 如果你戒了烟,你会更健康。(写作—健康生活) This is a rare chance,and he doesn't want to . 这是一个难得的机会,他不想放弃它。 考点7. compete vi. 竞争;对抗;参加比赛 An athlete should think about honour and his/her fans if he/she is competing for his/her country. 如果是为了国家参赛,运动员应该考虑荣誉和他/她的粉丝们。(教材P41) 用法归纳 ①compete  for  . . . 为……而竞争 ②compete  with    /against. . . 和……竞争 ③compete  in    . . . 参加……比赛 ④compete to do sth. 竞争做某事 词汇拓展 ①competition n. 竞争;比赛 be in competition with. . . for. . . 与……竞争…… •They are in competition with three other companies for the project. 他们在与另外三家公司竞争这个项目。 ②competitive adj. 有竞争力的;竞争的 ③competitor n. 竞争者;参赛者 【经典练】 Traditional bookstores can't with large bookstore chains. 传统书店无法与大型连锁书店竞争。 I have been hoping to in the marathon to be held next month. 我一直希望参加下个月举行的马拉松比赛。 Museums must for people's spare time and money with other amusements. 博物馆必须与其他娱乐活动争夺人们的闲暇时间和金钱。 考点8. make sense有道理;有意义;合乎情理;是明智的;表述清楚;讲得通 That doesn't make any sense!那没有任何意义! (教材P41) 用法归纳 ①make  no   sense 没意义,讲不通 ②It makes sense(for sb. )  to do   sth. (某人)做某事是明智的。 ③make sense  of    sth. 理解/弄懂某事物 词汇拓展 a sense of direction/humour/duty/belonging方向感/幽默感/责任感/归属感 There is no sense in (doing) sth. 做某事是没道理的。 in a/one sense/in some senses 从某种意义上讲 in no sense无论如何都不,绝不(放在句首时,句子使用部分倒装) •Children need a sense of belonging. 孩子们需要一种归属感。(2021全国甲) 【经典练】 In a ,life is all about choosing and giving up. 从某种意义上说,人生就是选择与放弃。 In no can the problem be said to be settled. 无论如何这个问题都不能说解决了。 It for us to store some vegetables. 我们储存一些蔬菜是明智的。 I hear him friendship and its limits. 我听见他正在说他对于友情的理解和其局限性。 考点9. pretend vi. & vt. 假装;装扮 A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team. 足球运动员不应该假摔,即使这有助于他/她的球队。(教材P41) 用法归纳 ①pretend(not)to do sth. 假装(没有)做某事 ②pretend  to be    . . . 假装是…… ③pretend  to be doing    sth. 假装正在做某事 ④pretend  to have done    sth. 假装已经做了某事 ⑤pretend (that). . . 假装…… 【经典练】 He have forgotten the conversation after that night. 那天晚上之后,他假装已经忘记了那次谈话。 When he got home,he buried his head under the quilt, be sleeping. 回到家后,他把头埋到被子底下,假装正在睡觉。 People who be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves. 假装成别人的人往往会对自己形成错误的认识。 考点10. positive adj. 积极的;自信的;正面的;乐观的;肯定的 GOING POSITIVE 变得积极 (教材P42) 用法归纳 ①be positive  about    . . . 对……积极乐观,对……自信;确信…… ②be positive+that从句 确信…… ③have a positive effect ( on    . . . )(对……)有积极的影响 ④have/hold a positive attitude (to. . . )(对……)持 积极乐观   的态度 词汇拓展 ①positively adv. 绝对地;肯定地;乐观地,积极地;赞成地;带正电地 •Thinking positively is one way of dealing with stress. 积极地思考是应付压力的一种方法。 ②negative adj. 消极的;负面的;否定的;坏的 【经典练】 Try not to let thoughts influence you. 尽量别让消极的想法影响你。 Most students are about online learning. 大部分学生都积极对待网上学习。 We are not about who can win the game. 我们说不准谁能赢得比赛。 She believes that it is vital for teenagers to have a attitude,and sports help them do this. 她认为青少年持乐观的态度是至关重要的,而运动可以帮助他们做到这一点。 考点11. make a difference有作用或影响 I had no idea a letter could make such a difference!我不知道一个字母会有这样的影响! (教材P42) 用法归纳 ①make a difference  to/in    . . . 对……有影响 ②make  some    / much   difference (to/in. . . )(对……)有一些/很大的影响 ③make  no    difference/don't make any difference (to/in. . . )(对……)没有影响 ④make all the difference (to. . . )(对……)关系重大,大不相同 【经典练】 The mother's words the boy. 妈妈的话对这个男孩有影响。 The mother's words the boy. 妈妈的话对这个男孩有一些/很大的影响。 The mother's words the boy. 妈妈的话对这个男孩没有影响。 考点12. rather than而不是 Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed,I added healthy foods to my meals. 我往自己的饭菜里加入健康的食物,而不是戒掉自己喜欢的食物。(教材P42) 用法归纳 ①rather than可用作介词,相当于instead of,后接名词、代词或 动名词    。 ②rather than 也可用作连词,连接两个平行结构,如名词、代词、 形容词   、副词、 动词    等。 特别提醒 ①rather than连接两个并列的不定式时,rather than后面的不定式常省略to。 •They decided to accept the new rules rather than give up. 他们决定接受新规定而不是放弃。 ②rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 •They said the director,rather than the two clerks,was responsible for the incident. 他们说不是那两个职员,而是主管要为这起事件负责。 词汇拓展 prefer to do. . . rather than do. . . 宁愿做……也不愿做…… would do. . . rather than do. . . (=would rather do. . . than do. . . )宁愿做……也不愿做…… 【经典练】 I get up early go to school without having breakfast. 我宁可早起也不愿不吃早饭去上学。 The soldiers in the war give in. 战争中的士兵宁死不屈。 He had the house rebuilt repaired. 他让人重建了房子,而不是修缮它。 考点13. compare. . . with/to/and. . . 将……与……比较 Finally,I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body. 最后,我不再拿自己跟女演员和模特儿作比较,也不再对我的脸或身体挑毛病了。(教材P42) 词汇拓展 ①compared with/to. . . 与……相比(常作状语) •It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents,compared with 16% in 1991. 据说大约20%的25—34岁的人和父母住在一起,而相比1991年这一比例是16%。(2020全国Ⅲ) ②compare. . . to. . . 把……比作…… •We often compare a teacher to a candle. 我们常把老师比作蜡烛。 ③comparison n. 比较;对比 by/in comparison (with. . . )(与……)相比较;(与……)比较起来 make/draw a comparison(with. . . )(和……)进行对比 【经典练】 My favourite season is autumn,because the weather is more agreeable by/in with summer. 我最喜欢的季节是秋天,因为与夏天相比,秋天的天气更加宜人。 Francisca explains her findings by . 弗朗西斯卡通过作比较的方式来解释她的发现。 考点14. stress n. 压力;紧张;重音 vt. 强调;重读;使焦虑不安 vi. 焦虑不安 用法归纳 名① under    stress处于压力之下 ②put/lay/place stress on  . . . 强调…… ③reduce/relieve stress减轻/缓解压力 动④stress the importance of. . . 强调……的重要性 ⑤stress (sb. ) out (使某人)焦虑不安 词汇拓展 ①stressed(=stressed out) adj. 焦虑不安的 •I tell them that I'm stressed about schoolwork,but neither of them show any concern. 我告诉他们我对功课感到很焦虑,但是他们两个谁也不担心。(译林必修一) ②stressful adj. 压力重的;紧张的 a stressful job造成沉重压力的工作 【经典练】 Our teacher the importance of honesty in the first class. 我们的老师在第一节课上强调了诚实的重要性。 It looks like you're under a lot of . What's wrong?你看起来压力很大,怎么了?  考点15. even if/though引导让步状语从句 A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team. 足球运动员不应该假摔,即使这对他/她的球队有利。(教材P41) I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible. 我一直想要让自己看起来像电视上的苗条女孩,尽管我知道这是不可能的。(教材P42) 用法归纳 ①even if/though引导让步状语从句,意为“ 即使/虽然  ;尽管”。 ②在含有even if/though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中,当从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it,且从句中含有be动词时,从句中的主语和谓语中的be动词往往可以同时 省略   。 【经典练】 ,I won't go to such a bad lecture. 即使我被邀请了,我也不会去听如此糟糕的讲座。 As we age, ,the heart just isn't as strong as it used to be. 随着年龄的增长,即使我们很健康,心脏也不如以前强壮了。 1. 语法精讲 附加疑问句   附加疑问句,又称反意疑问句,主要用于口语,其作用是说话人向对方验证自己的陈述或判断,也可用于祈使句表示命令、请求或者建议等。 1. 附加疑问句的构成 用法归纳 附加疑问句包括陈述部分和附加疑问部分。附加疑问部分的基本构成:助动词/be动词/情态动词+表示主语的代词。 关于附加疑问部分的构成需要注意的三个规则: (1)附加疑问部分是基于前面的陈述部分而生成的,所以附加疑问部分的助动词/be动词/情态动词须与陈述部分保持一致; (2)附加疑问部分的主语必须用① 人称   代词的主格,且与前面陈述部分的主语相对应。如果陈述部分的主语是名词(短语),附加疑问部分用相对应的代词; (3)附加疑问部分与陈述部分要保持肯定与否定的相反关系(前肯后否或② 前否后肯 )。 2. 附加疑问句的回答 —His sister attended the meeting,didn't she?他妹妹参加会议了,不是吗? —Yes,she did. /No,she didn't. 是的,她参加了。/不,她没参加。 —His sister didn't attend the meeting,did she?他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗? —Yes,she did. /No,she didn't. 不,她参加了。/是的,她没参加。 —Did his sister attend the meeting?他妹妹参加会议了吗? —Yes,she did. /No,she didn't. 是的,她参加了。/不,她没参加。 用法归纳 (1)在回答附加疑问句时,我们只需把它看作一个普通的“一般疑问句”来回答即可,一般疑问句怎么回答,附加疑问句就怎么回答,即答语与事实情况一致。 (2)注意答语内部的一致性,即Yes后跟③ 肯定  结构,No后跟否定结构。上面的例句的回答都是一样的,“参加了”就是“Yes,she did. ”,“没参加”就是“No,she didn't. ”。 (3)在回答前否后肯的附加疑问句时,Yes译为“不”,No译为“④ 是    ”。 3. 附加疑问句需要注意的特殊情形 导学1 Nothing will change his decision,will it? He seldom came here,did he? He dislikes pop music,doesn't he? 用法归纳1 陈述部分含有never、hardly、seldom、no、nothing、nobody、neither、few、little(几乎没有)等表示否定或半否定意义的词时,附加疑问部分用⑤ 肯定  形式。但是若陈述部分用了带否定前缀或后缀的词,如dislike、useless、unable等,仍看作肯定,附加疑问部分用否定形式。 导学2 Everything has gone wrong today,hasn't it? Nothing was in it,was it? No one knows that singer,do they? Everyone worked hard for it,didn’t they? 用法归纳2 (1) 当陈述部分的主语是表示物的不定代词something、anything、nothing、everything时,附加疑问部分的主语用⑥ it    (2)当陈述部分的主语是表示人的不定代词everyone、everybody、anyone、anybody、no one、nobody、someone、somebody时,附加疑问部分的主语常用they,当强调个体时也可以用he。 导学3 Those/These books are yours,aren't they? This/That book belongs to you,doesn't it? 用法归纳3 当陈述部分的主语含指示代词this、that、those、these时,附加疑问部分的主语用相应的人称代词,即this、that用⑦ it    ,those、these用⑧ they    。 导学4 One has a duty to serve the people,doesn't one/don't you? 用法归纳4 当陈述部分的主语是指人的one时,附加疑问部分的主语用one或you。 导学5 We must turn in the report tomorrow,mustn't we?(必须) We must drink more water to prevent illness,needn't we?(有必要) Tom must be in danger,isn't he?(一定,对现在情况的推测) It must have rained last night,didn't it?(一定,对过去情况的推测) He must have studied English for many years,hasn't he?(一定,对已经完成的情况的推测) 用法归纳5 陈述部分含有must的时候,附加疑问部分的处理分三种情况: (1)陈述部分中的must表示“必须”时,附加疑问部分用mustn't。 (2)陈述部分中的must表示“有必要”时,附加疑问部分用needn't。 (3)陈述部分中的must表示推测,意为“一定,肯定”时,附加疑问部分通常要根据陈述部分表达的意义借助相应的be动词或助动词: a. 如果陈述部分表示对现在情况的推测(must+动词原形),附加疑问部分借助于be动词am/is/are或助动词do/does。 b. 如果陈述部分表示对过去情况的推测(must have done),附加疑问部分用表示一般过去时的助动词didn't。 c. 如果陈述部分表示对已经完成的情况的推测(must have done),附加疑问部分用表示现在完成时的助动词haven‘t/hasn't。 导学6 He said that the key was lost,didn't he? I don't believe he cares about clothes,does he?(宾语从句的否定转移到主句中) I like apples,but my mother likes bananas,doesn't she? 用法归纳6 (1)如果陈述部分是一个含有that引导的宾语从句的主从复合句,附加疑问部分一般要与⑨ 主语    保持一致;但是,当陈述部分是“I am sure/I am afraid/I think/I suppose/I believe/I. . . +宾语从句”结构时,附加疑问部分要与⑩ 宾语从句    保持一致,而且要注意宾语从句部分的否定转移现象(即从句的否定转移到主句中)。 (2)如果陈述部分是并列复合句,附加疑问部分遵循“就近原则”,通常和后面的分句保持一致。 导学7 Come and join us,will/won't you? Don't open the window,will/can you? Let's go home together,shall we? Let us/me go home,will you? 用法归纳7 (1)陈述部分是肯定的祈使句时,附加疑问部分一般用will you/won't you;陈述部分是否定的祈使句时,附加疑问部分一般用will you/can you。 (2)陈述部分是以Let's开头的祈使句时,附加疑问部分用 shall we    ;陈述部分是以Let us或Let me开头的祈使句时,附加疑问部分用will you。 导学8 There are no living things on the moon,are there? There stands a big tree behind the house,doesn't there? 用法归纳8 当陈述部分是There be句型或其变体时,附加疑问部分的“主语”用 there  ,附加疑问部分的be动词/助动词/情态动词要和There后的动词保持一致。 导学9 You had better turn to your teacher when in trouble,hadn't/shouldn't you? 用法归纳9 当陈述部分含有had better时,附加疑问部分用 hadn't   或shouldn't。 导学10 I'm tired,aren't I? I'm not tired,am I? 用法归纳10 当陈述部分以I'm (I am)开头时,附加疑问部分用 aren't I    ,在正式用语中,也会用am I not。当陈述部分以I'm not开头时,附加疑问部分用am I。 【经典练】 用恰当的附加疑问部分补全下面对话 Host:You must have lived in Hollywood for many years,1.     ? Guest:When I was eighteen years old,I came here to write my first screenplay(电影剧本). Host:You didn't know anyone here at first,2.    ? Guest:No,I didn't. And I didn't have a cent to my name(身无分文)—just some ideas and a lot of hope. It sounds crazy,3.     ? Host:But things have worked out for you,4.     ? You're working on another screenplay now,5.      ? Guest:Yes. It's a comedy about some kids who become invisible. Host:Speaking of kids,you have some of your own,6.     ? Guest:Two boys and a girl—all very visible! Host:I know what you mean. Do you ever wish they were invisible? Guest:Now,that's an interesting thought,7.       ? 二.写作精讲 运动与健康 写作题目   最近,你校英文报正在举办主题为“One hour of exercise a day makes a lifetime of health”的征文活动。假定你是李华,请根据以下内容用英语写一篇短文投稿。 1.你对征文主题的理解; 2.你喜欢的运动; 3.该运动给你带来的好处。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.开头已写好,不计入总词数; 3.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 Nowadays, doing sports is becoming more and more popular.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             思路点拨 主题 运动与健康 体裁 应用文 布局 第一部分:对征文主题的理解; 第二部分:自己喜欢的运动及其带来的好处; 第三部分:号召人们积极参加运动。 人称 以第三人称为主 时态 以一般现在时为主 遣词造句 Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空 1.    adj.积极的;正面的;乐观的  2.    n.压力;紧张  3.       跟随;到达;一起来  4.       有作用或影响  5.       锻炼;计算出;解决  6.       放弃;投降   7.       丧失信心;泄气  Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用 1.完成句子 第一部分:对征文主题的理解 (1)锻炼能够对我们产生很大的影响。          can                         us.   (2)做运动可以帮助我们减轻压力,并且给我们提供交朋友的机会。 Doing sports can help us reduce our     and offer us opportunities              .  第二部分:自己喜欢的运动及其带来的好处 (3)我最喜欢的运动是篮球,篮球让我变得更加健康和乐观。 My favorite sport is basketball and it makes me                   .  (4)通过打篮球,我学会了如何和别人打交道,也意识到了团队合作的重要性。               , I have learned how to           others and have realized the importance of teamwork.   (5)输掉比赛教会了我永远不要放弃,也不要失去信心。 Losing games teaches me never to          or          .   第三部分:号召人们积极参加运动 (6)一起来吧!让我们一起做运动,享受健康的生活吧!          ! Let's do sports together and enjoy               !  2.句式升级 (7)用not only...but also...改写句(2)                                (8)用定语从句改写句(3)                                (9)用附加疑问句改写句(6)                                连句成篇 写作积累 1.Doing sports is one of the best ways to keep fit.做运动是保持健康的最好的方法之一。 2.They can not only build up our bodies but also help us study more efficiently.它们不仅能增强我们的体质,而且能帮助我们更高效地学习。 3.Only by keeping healthy can we do well in our study and work.只有通过保持健康我们才能在我们的学习和工作中表现良好。 实战演练 (2022北京西城区期中) 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华,你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他想强身健体,计划选择一项可以长期坚持的运动并向你寻求建议。请你给他回复邮件,内容包括: 1.推荐的运动;2.推荐的理由。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。 Dear Jim,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Yours, Li Hua 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!15 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ Unit3 Sports and Fitness 话题 运动和健康 词汇 fitness, soccer, stadium, boxing, badminton, event, host, track, gymnastics, gym, legend, athlete, master, honour, glory, medal, champion, championship, determination, captain, strength, failure, audience , error,host, track, sweat, master, ski, injure, compete, pretend, cheat, jog, stress ,graceful, positive, slim, injured,,apart, rather, 短语 instead of, come along, take part in, work out, make it, at least, be up to sb, set an example, care for, lose heart, give up, fall apart, make sense, cut out, make a difference, now and then, compare…with… 句型 疑问句+do you think+陈述语序------what do you think the text is about? 反意疑问句陈述部分+附加疑问部分(助动词/be动词/情态动词+表示主语的代词) here/there/now/then引导的完全倒装句 even if/though 引导的让步状语从句 语法 附加疑问句 1. 附加疑问句的构成 2. 附加疑问句的回答 3. 附加疑问句需要注意的特殊情形 写作 有关健康的说明文 考点1. work out锻炼;计算出;解决;制订出;成功地发展 Come and work out at a gym!来健身房锻炼吧! (教材P37) 词汇 workout n. 锻炼;训练 【经典练】 They had to work out class schedules for the new term. 他们必须制订出新学期的课程表。 She found it difficult to work out the problem. 她发现解决这个问题有困难。 His face fell when he knew that things didn't work out. 当他知道事情进展不顺利时,他的脸沉了下来。 We have to work out how much food we'll need for the party next weekend. 我们得计算出下周末聚会我们需要多少食物。 考点2. honour n. 荣誉;尊敬;荣幸 v. 尊重;给予表扬 As a player,Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country. 作为一名运动员,郎平为她的国家带来了荣誉和光荣。(教材P38) 用法归纳 名①in honour  of    sb. =in sb. 's honour为了向某人表示敬意;为了纪念某人 ②It is/was  an    honour (for sb. ) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是荣幸的。 ③have the honour  of    doing sth. 有幸做某事 ④be an honour to sb. /sth. 是某人/某物的光荣 动⑤be/feel honoured  to do   sth. 做某事感到荣幸 ⑥be honoured for  . . . 因……而受到表彰/被给予荣誉(主动语honour sb. for   sth. ) ⑦be honoured with. . . 被给予……的尊重/荣誉(主动语态honour sb. /sth. with sth. ) 特别提醒 ①该词有两种拼写方式,honour为英式英语,honor为美式英语。 ②honour的发音以元音音素开头,故加不定冠词时要用an。 词汇拓展 honourable adj. 可敬的;值得钦佩的;品格高尚的;体面的 【经典练】 It is an honour for me to be invited here today. 今天被邀请到这儿来是我的荣幸。 I had the honour of having dinner with the famous scientist. 我曾经有幸和那位著名的科学家共进晚餐。 The Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated in honour of the famous ancient poet—Qu Yuan. 庆祝端午节是为了纪念古代著名的诗人——屈原。 The soldiers have been honoured for their courage in the war. 战士们因在战争中的勇气而被表彰。 I am honoured to give a speech here on behalf of my school. 我很荣幸能够代表我的学校在这里发言。 考点3. injure vt. 使受伤;损害 One of the best players had been injured. . . 最优秀的队员中有一人受伤了…… (教材P38) 词汇拓展 ①injury n. [C,U]伤害;损伤 injury/injuries to. . . ……(身体某部位)受伤 do an injury to sb. /oneself=do sb. /oneself an injury使某人/自己受伤 •There were serious injuries to the athlete's leg. 那个运动员的腿受了重伤。 •Warn John not to do himself an injury when he plays outdoors. 提醒约翰在户外玩耍时不要伤到自己。 ②injured adj. 受伤的 the injured伤员,受伤的人(复数概念) •The injured in the accident were rushed to the hospital. 事故中的伤员被迅速送到了医院。 易混辨析 injure 多指在事故中受伤,也可指对名誉、自尊的伤害 wound 通常指在战斗、攻击中受伤,多指枪伤、刀伤等皮肉伤; 也可指心灵上的创伤 hurt 可指身体受伤或疼痛,也可指精神或情感受到伤害 考点4. strength n. 力量;体力;优点,优势;力度 Jordan's skills were impressive,but the mental strength that he showed made him unique. 乔丹的技能令人印象深刻,但他表现出来的精神力量使他与众不同。(教材P38) 用法归纳 ①strengths and weaknesses  优缺点     ②strength to do   sth. 做某事的力气/力量 ③build  up    one's strength增强某人的体力 特别提醒 strength表示“力量;体力;力度”时常作不可数名词;表示“优点,优势”时常作可数名词。 词汇拓展 ①strengthen v. 加强;增强 •One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 一种观点是睡眠帮助我们增强新的记忆。 ②strong adj. 强壮的;强大的;坚强的 ③strongly adv. 坚决地;强烈地 特别提醒 常见的加后缀-en变动词的词还有: deep adj. 深的→deepen v. (使)加深 short adj. 短的→shorten v. (使)变短 length n. 长度→lengthen v. (使)变长 fright n. 惊吓→frighten v. 使惊吓 weak adj. 虚弱的;弱的→weaken v. (使)虚弱;削弱,减弱 【经典练】 We should know the strengths and weaknesses of ourselves. 我们应该知道自己的优缺点。 Chinese culture is the source of strength to meet all kinds of challenges. 中国文化是迎接各类挑战的力量之源。 To build up our strength,we often hold all kinds of activities in the school gym. 为了强身健体,我们经常在学校的体育馆举行各种各样的活动。 易混辨析 strength 陈述对象是人时表示“体力,力气”;陈述对象是物时指“强度”;也可指“优点,长处” power 基本意思是“力;力量”,也可指人、国家或机构的权力、职权、控制力或影响力,还可指“电力” energy 指人的精力或干劲,也可指能源 force 主要指强制力(如暴力、武力等),也可指物体移动或撞击时的力 •He threw the ball to me with all his strength. 他用尽全部的力气把球扔向我。 •You should know the powers of the police if you want to be a policeman. 如果你想成为一名警察,你应该了解警察的职权。 •My English teacher always puts all of her energies into her teaching work. 我的英语老师总是把她的全部精力放在她的教学工作上。 •The government shouldn't rule by force. 政府不应该使用武力进行统治。 考点5. failure n. 失败;失败的人(或事物);未做(应做之事);故障;失灵;衰竭 I can accept failure; everyone fails at something. 我可以接受失败,每个人都会在某件事上失败。(教材P38) 用法归纳 ①failure表示“失败”时,为 不可数   名词,表示“失败的人或事”时,为 可数   名词。 ②(the)failure to do  sth. 未能做某事 ③end  in    failure 以失败告终 词汇拓展 ①fail vi. 失败;未做成;出故障;失灵;衰退 vi. & vt. 不及格,未能通过 fail to do sth. 未能做成某事;未做某事 fail in sth. 在……方面失败了 fail the exam/fail in the exam考试不及格 •The team failed to win the championship. 这个队没能夺冠。 •The student failed in his effort to enter the student union. 这个学生试图进入学生会,但失败了。 ②success与failure相似,表示“成功”时,为不可数名词,表示“成功的人或事”时,为可数名词。英语中这类名词表示抽象的概念时,是不可数名词,但被赋予具体意义后,可用作可数名词,一般与不定冠词连用,表示“一个……的人或事物”。 【经典练】 The true failure is the failure to learn from failure. 真正的失败是没能从失败中吸取教训。 He is a failure as an artist,but a success as an art teacher. 他不是一个成功的艺术家,却是一个成功的美术老师。(写作—人物介绍) You'll end in failure if you don't focus your attention on your work. 如果你不把注意力集中在工作上,你最终会失败的。 考点6. give up放弃;投降 Losing games taught him to practise harder and never give up. 输掉比赛教会他更加努力地训练并且绝不放弃。(教材P38) 用法归纳 ①give up doing    sth. 放弃做某事 ②give up(“动词+副词”型短语)后接名词作宾语时,宾语可以放在up后面,也可以放在give和up之间,但give up的宾语为 代词    时,宾语只能放在give和up之间。 词汇拓展 give in (to. . . )(向……)屈服/投降/让步 give out发出,放出(热、光等);用完,耗尽 give off放出,发出(气味、热、光等) give away赠送;泄露 give back归还 【经典练】 My brother is a determined boy and never gives in to difficulties. 我哥哥是一个坚定的男孩,从不向困难屈服。 If you give up smoking,you will be healthier. 如果你戒了烟,你会更健康。(写作—健康生活) This is a rare chance,and he doesn't want to give it up. 这是一个难得的机会,他不想放弃它。 考点7. compete vi. 竞争;对抗;参加比赛 An athlete should think about honour and his/her fans if he/she is competing for his/her country. 如果是为了国家参赛,运动员应该考虑荣誉和他/她的粉丝们。(教材P41) 用法归纳 ①compete  for  . . . 为……而竞争 ②compete  with    /against. . . 和……竞争 ③compete  in    . . . 参加……比赛 ④compete to do sth. 竞争做某事 词汇拓展 ①competition n. 竞争;比赛 be in competition with. . . for. . . 与……竞争…… •They are in competition with three other companies for the project. 他们在与另外三家公司竞争这个项目。 ②competitive adj. 有竞争力的;竞争的 ③competitor n. 竞争者;参赛者 【经典练】 Traditional bookstores can't compete with large bookstore chains. 传统书店无法与大型连锁书店竞争。 I have been hoping to compete in the marathon to be held next month. 我一直希望参加下个月举行的马拉松比赛。 Museums must compete for people's spare time and money with other amusements. 博物馆必须与其他娱乐活动争夺人们的闲暇时间和金钱。 考点8. make sense有道理;有意义;合乎情理;是明智的;表述清楚;讲得通 That doesn't make any sense!那没有任何意义! (教材P41) 用法归纳 ①make  no   sense 没意义,讲不通 ②It makes sense(for sb. )  to do   sth. (某人)做某事是明智的。 ③make sense  of    sth. 理解/弄懂某事物 词汇拓展 a sense of direction/humour/duty/belonging方向感/幽默感/责任感/归属感 There is no sense in (doing) sth. 做某事是没道理的。 in a/one sense/in some senses 从某种意义上讲 in no sense无论如何都不,绝不(放在句首时,句子使用部分倒装) •Children need a sense of belonging. 孩子们需要一种归属感。(2021全国甲) 【经典练】 In a sense,life is all about choosing and giving up. 从某种意义上说,人生就是选择与放弃。 In no sense can the problem be said to be settled. 无论如何这个问题都不能说解决了。 It makes sense for us to store some vegetables. 我们储存一些蔬菜是明智的。 I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. 我听见他正在说他对于友情的理解和其局限性。 考点9. pretend vi. & vt. 假装;装扮 A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team. 足球运动员不应该假摔,即使这有助于他/她的球队。(教材P41) 用法归纳 ①pretend(not)to do sth. 假装(没有)做某事 ②pretend  to be    . . . 假装是…… ③pretend  to be doing    sth. 假装正在做某事 ④pretend  to have done    sth. 假装已经做了某事 ⑤pretend (that). . . 假装…… 【经典练】 He pretended to have forgotten the conversation after that night. 那天晚上之后,他假装已经忘记了那次谈话。 When he got home,he buried his head under the quilt,pretending to be sleeping. 回到家后,他把头埋到被子底下,假装正在睡觉。 People who pretend to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves. 假装成别人的人往往会对自己形成错误的认识。 考点10. positive adj. 积极的;自信的;正面的;乐观的;肯定的 GOING POSITIVE 变得积极 (教材P42) 用法归纳 ①be positive  about    . . . 对……积极乐观,对……自信;确信…… ②be positive+that从句 确信…… ③have a positive effect ( on    . . . )(对……)有积极的影响 ④have/hold a positive attitude (to. . . )(对……)持 积极乐观   的态度 词汇拓展 ①positively adv. 绝对地;肯定地;乐观地,积极地;赞成地;带正电地 •Thinking positively is one way of dealing with stress. 积极地思考是应付压力的一种方法。 ②negative adj. 消极的;负面的;否定的;坏的 【经典练】 Try not to let negative thoughts influence you. 尽量别让消极的想法影响你。 Most students are positive about online learning. 大部分学生都积极对待网上学习。 We are not positive about who can win the game. 我们说不准谁能赢得比赛。 She believes that it is vital for teenagers to have a positive attitude,and sports help them do this. 她认为青少年持乐观的态度是至关重要的,而运动可以帮助他们做到这一点。 考点11. make a difference有作用或影响 I had no idea a letter could make such a difference!我不知道一个字母会有这样的影响! (教材P42) 用法归纳 ①make a difference  to/in    . . . 对……有影响 ②make  some    / much   difference (to/in. . . )(对……)有一些/很大的影响 ③make  no    difference/don't make any difference (to/in. . . )(对……)没有影响 ④make all the difference (to. . . )(对……)关系重大,大不相同 【经典练】 The mother's words make a difference to/in the boy. 妈妈的话对这个男孩有影响。 The mother's words make some/much difference to/in the boy. 妈妈的话对这个男孩有一些/很大的影响。 The mother's words make no difference/don't make any difference to/in the boy. 妈妈的话对这个男孩没有影响。 考点12. rather than而不是 Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed,I added healthy foods to my meals. 我往自己的饭菜里加入健康的食物,而不是戒掉自己喜欢的食物。(教材P42) 用法归纳 ①rather than可用作介词,相当于instead of,后接名词、代词或 动名词    。 ②rather than 也可用作连词,连接两个平行结构,如名词、代词、 形容词   、副词、 动词    等。 特别提醒 ①rather than连接两个并列的不定式时,rather than后面的不定式常省略to。 •They decided to accept the new rules rather than give up. 他们决定接受新规定而不是放弃。 ②rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 •They said the director,rather than the two clerks,was responsible for the incident. 他们说不是那两个职员,而是主管要为这起事件负责。 词汇拓展 prefer to do. . . rather than do. . . 宁愿做……也不愿做…… would do. . . rather than do. . . (=would rather do. . . than do. . . )宁愿做……也不愿做…… 【经典练】 I prefer to get up early rather than go to school without having breakfast. 我宁可早起也不愿不吃早饭去上学。 The soldiers in the war would die rather than give in. 战争中的士兵宁死不屈。 He had the house rebuilt rather than repaired. 他让人重建了房子,而不是修缮它。 考点13. compare. . . with/to/and. . . 将……与……比较 Finally,I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body. 最后,我不再拿自己跟女演员和模特儿作比较,也不再对我的脸或身体挑毛病了。(教材P42) 词汇拓展 ①compared with/to. . . 与……相比(常作状语) •It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents,compared with 16% in 1991. 据说大约20%的25—34岁的人和父母住在一起,而相比1991年这一比例是16%。(2020全国Ⅲ) ②compare. . . to. . . 把……比作…… •We often compare a teacher to a candle. 我们常把老师比作蜡烛。 ③comparison n. 比较;对比 by/in comparison (with. . . )(与……)相比较;(与……)比较起来 make/draw a comparison(with. . . )(和……)进行对比 【经典练】 My favourite season is autumn,because the weather is more agreeable by/in comparison with summer. 我最喜欢的季节是秋天,因为与夏天相比,秋天的天气更加宜人。 Francisca explains her findings by making a comparison. 弗朗西斯卡通过作比较的方式来解释她的发现。 考点14. stress n. 压力;紧张;重音 vt. 强调;重读;使焦虑不安 vi. 焦虑不安 用法归纳 名① under    stress处于压力之下 ②put/lay/place stress on  . . . 强调…… ③reduce/relieve stress减轻/缓解压力 动④stress the importance of. . . 强调……的重要性 ⑤stress (sb. ) out (使某人)焦虑不安 词汇拓展 ①stressed(=stressed out) adj. 焦虑不安的 •I tell them that I'm stressed about schoolwork,but neither of them show any concern. 我告诉他们我对功课感到很焦虑,但是他们两个谁也不担心。(译林必修一) ②stressful adj. 压力重的;紧张的 a stressful job造成沉重压力的工作 【经典练】 Our teacher puts stress on the importance of honesty in the first class. 我们的老师在第一节课上强调了诚实的重要性。 It looks like you're under a lot of stress. What's wrong?你看起来压力很大,怎么了?  考点15. even if/though引导让步状语从句 A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team. 足球运动员不应该假摔,即使这对他/她的球队有利。(教材P41) I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible. 我一直想要让自己看起来像电视上的苗条女孩,尽管我知道这是不可能的。(教材P42) 用法归纳 ①even if/though引导让步状语从句,意为“ 即使/虽然  ;尽管”。 ②在含有even if/though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中,当从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it,且从句中含有be动词时,从句中的主语和谓语中的be动词往往可以同时 省略   。 【经典练】 Even if/though (I am) invited,I won't go to such a bad lecture. 即使我被邀请了,我也不会去听如此糟糕的讲座。 As we age,even if we're healthy,the heart just isn't as strong as it used to be. 随着年龄的增长,即使我们很健康,心脏也不如以前强壮了。 1. 语法精讲 附加疑问句   附加疑问句,又称反意疑问句,主要用于口语,其作用是说话人向对方验证自己的陈述或判断,也可用于祈使句表示命令、请求或者建议等。 1. 附加疑问句的构成 用法归纳 附加疑问句包括陈述部分和附加疑问部分。附加疑问部分的基本构成:助动词/be动词/情态动词+表示主语的代词。 关于附加疑问部分的构成需要注意的三个规则: (1)附加疑问部分是基于前面的陈述部分而生成的,所以附加疑问部分的助动词/be动词/情态动词须与陈述部分保持一致; (2)附加疑问部分的主语必须用① 人称   代词的主格,且与前面陈述部分的主语相对应。如果陈述部分的主语是名词(短语),附加疑问部分用相对应的代词; (3)附加疑问部分与陈述部分要保持肯定与否定的相反关系(前肯后否或② 前否后肯 )。 2. 附加疑问句的回答 —His sister attended the meeting,didn't she?他妹妹参加会议了,不是吗? —Yes,she did. /No,she didn't. 是的,她参加了。/不,她没参加。 —His sister didn't attend the meeting,did she?他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗? —Yes,she did. /No,she didn't. 不,她参加了。/是的,她没参加。 —Did his sister attend the meeting?他妹妹参加会议了吗? —Yes,she did. /No,she didn't. 是的,她参加了。/不,她没参加。 用法归纳 (1)在回答附加疑问句时,我们只需把它看作一个普通的“一般疑问句”来回答即可,一般疑问句怎么回答,附加疑问句就怎么回答,即答语与事实情况一致。 (2)注意答语内部的一致性,即Yes后跟③ 肯定  结构,No后跟否定结构。上面的例句的回答都是一样的,“参加了”就是“Yes,she did. ”,“没参加”就是“No,she didn't. ”。 (3)在回答前否后肯的附加疑问句时,Yes译为“不”,No译为“④ 是    ”。 3. 附加疑问句需要注意的特殊情形 导学1 Nothing will change his decision,will it? He seldom came here,did he? He dislikes pop music,doesn't he? 用法归纳1 陈述部分含有never、hardly、seldom、no、nothing、nobody、neither、few、little(几乎没有)等表示否定或半否定意义的词时,附加疑问部分用⑤ 肯定  形式。但是若陈述部分用了带否定前缀或后缀的词,如dislike、useless、unable等,仍看作肯定,附加疑问部分用否定形式。 导学2 Everything has gone wrong today,hasn't it? Nothing was in it,was it? No one knows that singer,do they? Everyone worked hard for it,didn’t they? 用法归纳2 (1) 当陈述部分的主语是表示物的不定代词something、anything、nothing、everything时,附加疑问部分的主语用⑥ it    (2)当陈述部分的主语是表示人的不定代词everyone、everybody、anyone、anybody、no one、nobody、someone、somebody时,附加疑问部分的主语常用they,当强调个体时也可以用he。 导学3 Those/These books are yours,aren't they? This/That book belongs to you,doesn't it? 用法归纳3 当陈述部分的主语含指示代词this、that、those、these时,附加疑问部分的主语用相应的人称代词,即this、that用⑦ it    ,those、these用⑧ they    。 导学4 One has a duty to serve the people,doesn't one/don't you? 用法归纳4 当陈述部分的主语是指人的one时,附加疑问部分的主语用one或you。 导学5 We must turn in the report tomorrow,mustn't we?(必须) We must drink more water to prevent illness,needn't we?(有必要) Tom must be in danger,isn't he?(一定,对现在情况的推测) It must have rained last night,didn't it?(一定,对过去情况的推测) He must have studied English for many years,hasn't he?(一定,对已经完成的情况的推测) 用法归纳5 陈述部分含有must的时候,附加疑问部分的处理分三种情况: (1)陈述部分中的must表示“必须”时,附加疑问部分用mustn't。 (2)陈述部分中的must表示“有必要”时,附加疑问部分用needn't。 (3)陈述部分中的must表示推测,意为“一定,肯定”时,附加疑问部分通常要根据陈述部分表达的意义借助相应的be动词或助动词: a. 如果陈述部分表示对现在情况的推测(must+动词原形),附加疑问部分借助于be动词am/is/are或助动词do/does。 b. 如果陈述部分表示对过去情况的推测(must have done),附加疑问部分用表示一般过去时的助动词didn't。 c. 如果陈述部分表示对已经完成的情况的推测(must have done),附加疑问部分用表示现在完成时的助动词haven‘t/hasn't。 导学6 He said that the key was lost,didn't he? I don't believe he cares about clothes,does he?(宾语从句的否定转移到主句中) I like apples,but my mother likes bananas,doesn't she? 用法归纳6 (1)如果陈述部分是一个含有that引导的宾语从句的主从复合句,附加疑问部分一般要与⑨ 主语    保持一致;但是,当陈述部分是“I am sure/I am afraid/I think/I suppose/I believe/I. . . +宾语从句”结构时,附加疑问部分要与⑩ 宾语从句    保持一致,而且要注意宾语从句部分的否定转移现象(即从句的否定转移到主句中)。 (2)如果陈述部分是并列复合句,附加疑问部分遵循“就近原则”,通常和后面的分句保持一致。 导学7 Come and join us,will/won't you? Don't open the window,will/can you? Let's go home together,shall we? Let us/me go home,will you? 用法归纳7 (1)陈述部分是肯定的祈使句时,附加疑问部分一般用will you/won't you;陈述部分是否定的祈使句时,附加疑问部分一般用will you/can you。 (2)陈述部分是以Let's开头的祈使句时,附加疑问部分用 shall we    ;陈述部分是以Let us或Let me开头的祈使句时,附加疑问部分用will you。 导学8 There are no living things on the moon,are there? There stands a big tree behind the house,doesn't there? 用法归纳8 当陈述部分是There be句型或其变体时,附加疑问部分的“主语”用 there  ,附加疑问部分的be动词/助动词/情态动词要和There后的动词保持一致。 导学9 You had better turn to your teacher when in trouble,hadn't/shouldn't you? 用法归纳9 当陈述部分含有had better时,附加疑问部分用 hadn't   或shouldn't。 导学10 I'm tired,aren't I? I'm not tired,am I? 用法归纳10 当陈述部分以I'm (I am)开头时,附加疑问部分用 aren't I    ,在正式用语中,也会用am I not。当陈述部分以I'm not开头时,附加疑问部分用am I。 【经典练】 用恰当的附加疑问部分补全下面对话 Host:You must have lived in Hollywood for many years,1.  haven't you     ? Guest:When I was eighteen years old,I came here to write my first screenplay(电影剧本). Host:You didn't know anyone here at first,2.  did you   ? Guest:No,I didn't. And I didn't have a cent to my name(身无分文)—just some ideas and a lot of hope. It sounds crazy,3.  doesn't it    ? Host:But things have worked out for you,4.  haven't they   ? You're working on another screenplay now,5.  aren't you    ? Guest:Yes. It's a comedy about some kids who become invisible. Host:Speaking of kids,you have some of your own,6.  don't you   ? Guest:Two boys and a girl—all very visible! Host:I know what you mean. Do you ever wish they were invisible? Guest:Now,that's an interesting thought,7.  isn't it    ? 二.写作精讲 运动与健康 写作题目   最近,你校英文报正在举办主题为“One hour of exercise a day makes a lifetime of health”的征文活动。假定你是李华,请根据以下内容用英语写一篇短文投稿。 1.你对征文主题的理解; 2.你喜欢的运动; 3.该运动给你带来的好处。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.开头已写好,不计入总词数; 3.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 Nowadays, doing sports is becoming more and more popular.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             思路点拨 主题 运动与健康 体裁 应用文 布局 第一部分:对征文主题的理解; 第二部分:自己喜欢的运动及其带来的好处; 第三部分:号召人们积极参加运动。 人称 以第三人称为主 时态 以一般现在时为主 遣词造句 Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空 1.    adj.积极的;正面的;乐观的  2.    n.压力;紧张  3.       跟随;到达;一起来  4.       有作用或影响  5.       锻炼;计算出;解决  6.       放弃;投降   7.       丧失信心;泄气  答案 1.positive 2.stress 3.come along4.make a difference 5.work out 6.give up7.lose heart Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用 1.完成句子 第一部分:对征文主题的理解 (1)锻炼能够对我们产生很大的影响。          can                         us.   (2)做运动可以帮助我们减轻压力,并且给我们提供交朋友的机会。 Doing sports can help us reduce our     and offer us opportunities              .  第二部分:自己喜欢的运动及其带来的好处 (3)我最喜欢的运动是篮球,篮球让我变得更加健康和乐观。 My favorite sport is basketball and it makes me                   .  (4)通过打篮球,我学会了如何和别人打交道,也意识到了团队合作的重要性。               , I have learned how to           others and have realized the importance of teamwork.   (5)输掉比赛教会了我永远不要放弃,也不要失去信心。 Losing games teaches me never to          or          .   第三部分:号召人们积极参加运动 (6)一起来吧!让我们一起做运动,享受健康的生活吧!          ! Let's do sports together and enjoy               !  答案 (1)Working out;make a big difference to(2)stress;to make friends (3)healthier and more positive (4)By playing basketball;deal with (5)give up;lose heart (6)Come along; a healthy life 2.句式升级 (7)用not only...but also...改写句(2)                                (8)用定语从句改写句(3)                                (9)用附加疑问句改写句(6)                                答案 (7)Doing sports can not only help us reduce our stress but also offer us opportunities to make friends. (8)My favorite sport is basketball, which makes me healthier and more positive. (9)Come along!Let's do sports together and enjoy a healthy life, shall we? 连句成篇 参考范文   Nowadays, doing sports is becoming more and more popular. Working out can make a big difference to us. One hour of exercise a day makes a lifetime of health. Doing sports can not only help us reduce our stress but also offer us opportunities to make friends.  My favorite sport is basketball, which makes me healthier and more positive. By playing basketball, I have learned how to deal with others and have realized the importance of teamwork. Losing games teaches me never to give up or lose heart. In short, as a sports lover, I benefit a lot from basketball. Come along! Let's do sports together and enjoy a healthy life, shall we? 写作积累 1.Doing sports is one of the best ways to keep fit.做运动是保持健康的最好的方法之一。 2.They can not only build up our bodies but also help us study more efficiently.它们不仅能增强我们的体质,而且能帮助我们更高效地学习。 3.Only by keeping healthy can we do well in our study and work.只有通过保持健康我们才能在我们的学习和工作中表现良好。 实战演练 (2022北京西城区期中) 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华,你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他想强身健体,计划选择一项可以长期坚持的运动并向你寻求建议。请你给他回复邮件,内容包括: 1.推荐的运动;2.推荐的理由。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。 Dear Jim,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Yours, Li Hua 实战演练 One possible version: Dear Jim,  I am glad to learn that you would like to exercise to keep fit. I believe running is the best choice. First of all, running helps quicken the flow of blood and increase oxygen in the body, which strengthen the immune system. What's more, running can become a long⁃term hobby, since it takes only a pair of running shoes and can easily be added to your schedule. Last but not least, running can make you mentally healthy. Just put on your trainers and get started. Then keep going. I'm sure you will get a lot out of running. Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua  1.重点词汇 ①first of all首先 ②what's more而且;更重要的是 ③long⁃term adj.长期的 ④last but not least最后但同样重要的是 2.亮点句型 ①First of all, running helps quicken the flow of blood and increase oxygen in the body, which strengthen the immune system.(which引导非限制性定语从句)首先,跑步有助于加快血液的流动,增加体内的氧气,这可以增强免疫系统。  ②What's more, running can become a long⁃term hobby, since it takes only a pair of running shoes and can easily be added to your schedule.(since引导原因状语从句) 更重要的是,跑步可以成为一种长期的爱好,因为它只需要一双跑鞋并且可以很容易地添加到你的日程安排中。  原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!15 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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Unit 3 Sports and Fitness【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高一英语单元速记•巧练(人教版2019必修第一册)
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Unit 3 Sports and Fitness【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高一英语单元速记•巧练(人教版2019必修第一册)
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Unit 3 Sports and Fitness【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高一英语单元速记•巧练(人教版2019必修第一册)
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