2025届高三英语一轮复习培优外刊阅读导学案：数字13不吉利

高三英语培优外刊阅读 班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________ 外刊精选｜“数字13不吉利”：科学高度发达的今天，为什么人们还是会迷信？ 在西方文化中，13被视为一个不吉利的数字，很多人都想避开它。在英国有调查发现，门牌号码为13的房子平均售价比其他房子便宜2.2万英镑。数字13不吉利，这种观念真的由来已久吗？在现代社会，为什么人们还是会迷信？ Why do we still avoid the number 13? Despite being nothing more than superstition, the continuing belief in 13's malign influence is so baked into our culture that even a down-to-earth profession like building is affected by it. Some buildings, including apartment blocks and hotels, skip 13 entirely. The 13th floor may be named 12A, or used to house infrastructure the building needs rather than apartments or offices. Others jump straight from 12 to 14. Houses numbered 13 are usually cheaper while in the past some councils have actually banned new housing developments from using the number because residents do not like living there. Conventional wisdom has blamed a number of sources for 13's supposed bad luck. But why do people in supposedly enlightened societies still cling to such a belief? Perhaps because, surprisingly, it is a pretty modern belief and not one with centuries of tradition behind it after all. It is essentially a media creation which became popular around the turn of the 20th Century, and is reinforced through media. Searches back beyond this time have not produced references to unlucky number 13. But people look back for stories that fit the creation of a myth, and have latched on to the most famous examples. We love superstitions. We love to be able to say in this highly mechanistic, highly uncertain world "oh well it's tradition". 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.down-to-earth (adj.) _____________________________________ 2.enlightened (adj.) _____________________________________ 3.mechanistic (adj.) _____________________________________ 4.despite (prep.) _____________________________________ 5.superstition (n.) _____________________________________迷信 6.malign (v./adj.) _____________________________________ 7.conventional (adj.) _____________________________________ 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1._____________________________________ 传统智慧 2._____________________________________ 仅仅是 3._____________________________________ 恶意的影响 4._____________________________________ 深深植根于（我们的文化） 5._____________________________________坚守信念 6._____________________________________世纪之交 7._____________________________________ 紧紧抓住某事 拓展练习阅读理解 Offer a seagull (海鸥) fresh fish and chips, and they’ll take the fish every time. UK researchers have discovered that, given a choice, seagulls prefer seafood to human-made options. In fact, finds the study, even seagulls raised on bread and cat food will choose fish. “Our results suggest that, even when raised on an ‘urban’ diet of foods found only around people, these chicks might be unlikely to seek out urban foods as adults,” says lead author Emma Inzani, a PhD researcher at the Centre for Ecology and Conservation in the University of Exeter, UK. “Human- associated foods are often both reliably present and easy to obtain — but when fish is available they clearly prefer it.” The team of seagull researchers has previously found that seagulls are more likely to want food that has been handled by people rather than left alone, but they’re less likely to steal from people who stare them down. In this latest study,27 herring gulls (银鸥) were raised in captivity (圈养). The birds had all been rescued after falling off roofs in Cornwall, and were later freed. Half of the chicks had access to food that was 80% bread and cat food, and 20% fish and mussels (贻贝) . The other half of the chicks got the opposite spread. At regular intervals every few days, the researchers presented the baby gulls with bowls of all four foods. and tracked what they chose. All of the birds consistently ate the fish, and very few of them ever tried the bread. “Animals can live and explore urban areas for human food waste,” says senior author Dr. Neeltje Boogert. “However, this does not necessarily mean they’re thriving or that they prefer this food, rather than making the best of a bad situation,” adding, “More research is needed to investigate how the food young animals receive affects their later life, including their food choices, health and breeding.” 1．What do seagulls like best according to-UK researchers? A．Cat foods. B．Plant seeds. C．Potato chips. D．Ocean creatures. 2．What can we infer about the herring gulls? A．They were caught in the wild. B．They preferred mussels to fish. C．They were released in the end. D．They stole food from people. 3．What will Dr. Neeltje Boogert probably agree with? A．Animals in urban areas mainly feed on food waste. B．Seagulls rely on food waste to go through difficulty. C．It is clear how animals’ experience affects their life. D．More proof is needed to show seagulls’ food choice. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Seagulls’ Preference for Food B．New Living Habits of Seagulls C．Seagulls’ Choices of Habitats D．Secrets of Seagulls’ Daily Diet 外刊精选答案 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.down-to-earth (adj.) 实际的，脚踏实地的 2.enlightened (adj.) 开明的，有见识的 3.mechanistic (adj.) 机械论的，机械式的 4.despite (prep.) 尽管 5.superstition (n.) 迷信 6.malign (v./adj.) 诽谤（动词）；恶意的（形容词） 7.conventional (adj.) 传统的 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.conventional wisdom 传统智慧 2.nothing more than 仅仅是 3.a malign influence 恶意的影响 4.be baked into (our culture) 深深植根于（我们的文化） 5.cling to a belief 坚守信念 6.the turn of the century 世纪之交 7.latch on to something 紧紧抓住某事 【全文翻译】 为什么我们仍然排斥数字13？ 尽管认为“数字13会带来厄运”只不过是一种迷信，但这种想法一直延续至今，已经深深融入我们的文化之中，以至于就连建筑这种脚踏实地的行业也深受影响。 包括公寓楼和酒店在内的一些建筑会完全跳过13层。第13层可能命名为12A，或者用来放置大楼所需的基础设施，而不会用作公寓或办公室。还有一些建筑会直接从12层跳到14层。 房号为13的房子通常会比较便宜，而在过去，实际上一些地方政府还会禁止全新住宅开发项目使用这个数字，因为住户不喜欢住在那里。传统观念认为，数字13会带来厄运是由多种原因造成的。 但为什么在理应思想开明的社会，人们却依然抱持着这样的迷信想法？令人感到惊讶的是，也许是因为这本就是一个比较现代的想法，压根儿不是一个长达数百年的信仰。其本质上是一种媒体的产物，在19世纪末20世纪初开始流行，又通过媒体得以强化。 搜索这个时间点之前的记载，并没有发现提到数字13不吉利的内容。但人们会搜寻相关的故事来支持这一迷信观念的产生，并对那几个最知名的例子紧抓不放。我们喜欢迷信。我们喜欢在这个高度机械化、高度不确定的世界里说：“哦，这可是传统。” 拓展练习阅读理解 1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国研究人员关于海鸥食物偏好的研究结果，探讨了海鸥在面对不同食物选择时的行为，并强调了这一发现对于理解海鸥食性及其对后期生活影响的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Offer a seagull (海鸥) fresh fish and chips, and they’ll take the fish every time. UK researchers have discovered that, given a choice, seagulls prefer seafood to human-made options. (给海鸥新鲜的鱼和薯条，它们每次都会吃鱼。英国研究人员发现，如果可以选择，海鸥更喜欢海鲜而不是人类制造的食物)”可知，海鸥最喜欢的是海洋生物。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“The birds had all been rescued after falling off roofs in Cornwall, and were later freed. (这些鸟都是从康沃尔的屋顶上掉下来后获救的，后来都被释放了)”可知，这些银鸥最终被释放了。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“More research is needed to investigate how the food young animals receive affects their later life, including their food choices, health and breeding. (需要更多的研究来调查幼年动物接受的食物如何影响它们的晚年生活，包括它们的食物选择、健康和繁殖)”可知，Dr. Neeltje Boogert认为需要更多的证据来展示海鸥的食物选择。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段“Offer a seagull  fresh fish and chips, and they’ll take the fish every time. UK researchers have discovered that, given a choice, seagulls prefer seafood to human - made options. (给海鸥新鲜的鱼和薯条，它们每次都会吃鱼。英国研究人员发现，如果可以选择，海鸥更喜欢海鲜而不是人类制造的食物)”可知，文章主要讨论了海鸥对食物的偏好，所以“海鸥对食物的偏好”适合作为文章标题。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$