2025届高三英语一轮复习培优外刊阅读导学案：森林“人权”的国家

高三英语培优外刊阅读 班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________ 外刊精选｜全球首个赋予森林“人权”的国家，现在怎么样了？ 自然也可以像人一样享有权利吗？2008年，南美洲国家厄瓜多尔率先给出了答案，成为世界上首个将“自然权利”写入宪法的国家。虽然宪法的变更并不能完全避免环境遭到破坏，但仍然意义重大，它不仅影响了其他国家的立法行动，也在一起法律案件中保护了该国的原始森林Los Cedros免遭砍伐。赋予自然合法权利，具体指的是什么？厄瓜多尔被立法保护后的森林，如今怎样了？ This Ecuadorian forest thrived amid deforestation after being granted legal rights Despite extensive deforestation in the surrounding region, Los Cedros' 11,681 acres (4,800 ha) buzz with life. Its biodiversity is astonishing: more than 130 scientific papers have been published on the vast number of species that call Los Cedros home — from fungi to snails and bears. Most of the reserve is a cloud forest where the air is heavy with moisture. Many species can't be found anywhere else, such as the tiny orange Los Cedros rainfrog. Life continues to thrive in Los Cedros, but its survival wasn't always certain — and it is largely thanks to a powerful, and increasingly influential, global legal movement that the forest is still standing. In 2008, Ecuador became the first country to change its constitution to state that nature has the same rights as people. The change was led by Ecuador's Indigenous movement, and marked one of the first major steps in what has become known as the 'rights of nature' movement — a movement centred on a legal framework that recognises the inherent right of the natural world to the same protections as people and corporations. To date, initiatives to recognise the rights of nature have been pursued in 44 countries. Some cases have defended a single animal, while other legal decisions have recognised the rights of rivers, mountains, and all of Mother Earth. 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.thrive (v.) _____________________________________ 2.amid (prep.) _____________________________________ 3.deforestation (n.) _____________________________________ 4.astonishing (adj.) _____________________________________ 5.inherent (adj.) _____________________________________ 6.increasingly (adv.) _____________________________________ 7.influential (adj.) _____________________________________ 8.legal (adj.) _____________________________________ 9.indigenous (adj.) _____________________________________ 10.initiative (n.) _____________________________________ 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1._____________________________________ 充满生机 2._____________________________________大量的某物 3._____________________________________主要归功于 4._____________________________________ 以...为中心的运动 5._____________________________________ 做某事的倡议 6._____________________________________迄今为止 拓展练习阅读理解 In 2019, Coleman started taking online classes in a lesser-known language: Owens Valley Paiute. But it was not easy. Coleman is a member of the Big Pine Paiute Tribe of Owens Valley — and Paiute is his father’s ancestral language. “My dad didn’t grow up speaking the language — like many families, it was forced out of use by boarding schools where speaking the language was forbidden. And there was no language-based language models (LLMs) to help me. But I’m lucky my great-grandparents sat down with scientists to document the language and to create recordings so I can hear their voices and words,” said Coleman. ChatGPT and other LLMs exhibit human-level performance on many natural-language tasks in English, because one-fifth of the world speaks English. But Paiute is regarded as a “no-resource language”, meaning there are no publicly available Paiute sentences translated into English on which to train a machine learning model. In a new paper, Coleman and his professor Krishnamachari propose a machine translation approach called LLM-RBMT (Rule-Based Machine Translation) to help people learn no-resource languages. In their method, the LLM does not translate into or from Owens Valley Paiute. Instead, it gives guidance to the rule-based translators, which rely on grammatical and vocabulary rules to translate between languages. This method, said Coleman, mirrors how language learners naturally speak by mixing known and unknown words, making it a practical tool for real-world use. LLM’s remarkable general-purpose language skills make them a promising tool in helping revitalize (复兴) critically endangered languages. Coleman also built and maintains a suite of digital tools related to language revitalization, named Kubishi or “brain” in Paiute, including an online dictionary, and a sentence-builder and translation system enabled by this research. For his part, Coleman credits his tribe’s members, past and present, for paving the path. “A lot of people in my tribe have been working for a long time on different language revitalization efforts, including classes, dictionaries, recordings,” said Coleman. 37．How did Coleman learn Paiute initially? A．By turning to an LLM. B．By taking a course at school. C．By referring to printed documents. D．By hearing the created recordings. 38．Why did the author mention ChatGPT? A．To indicate the progress of Al. B．To show the popularity of English. C．To recommend a language learning tool. D．To stress the challenge of developing LLM-RBMT. 39．How does Coleman’s machine translation approach work? A．It bases its performance on grammar rules. B．It helps to guide the rule-based translators. C．It corrects grammar mistakes during translation. D．It directly translates Paiute into other languages. 40．What is the last paragraph mainly talking about? A．The cooperation between individuals. B．Coleman’s talents and learning goals. C．Coleman’s contributions and gratitude. D．The main task of language revitalization. 外刊精选答案 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.thrive (v.) 茁壮成长，繁荣 2.amid (prep.) 在...之中 3.deforestation (n.) 滥伐森林 4.astonishing (adj.) 令人惊讶的 5.inherent (adj.) 固有的，内在的 6.increasingly (adv.) 越来越多地 7.influential (adj.) 有影响力的 8.legal (adj.) 合法的 9.indigenous (adj.) 土著的，原产的 10.initiative (n.) 倡议，主动权 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.buzz with life 充满生机 2.a vast number of something 大量的某物 3.largely thanks to 主要归功于 4.a movement centred on 以...为中心的运动 5.initiatives to do something 做某事的倡议 6.to date 迄今为止 【全文翻译】 被授予合法权利后，厄瓜多尔的这片森林在乱砍滥伐中茁壮生长 尽管周边地区的森林遭到大规模砍伐，洛斯塞德罗斯（Los Cedros）保护区11681英亩（4800公顷）的土地上，森林依然生机勃勃。这里的生物多样性令人惊叹，有130多篇已经发表的科学论文，介绍了栖息在洛斯塞德罗斯的大量物种——从真菌到蜗牛到熊类。保护区里的大部分森林被云雾笼罩，空气极其湿润。这里有许多在别处见不到的物种，比如体型微小的橙色洛斯塞德罗斯雨蛙。 在洛斯塞德罗斯保护区，一切仍在繁衍生息，但它们的生存并不总是那么有保障。这片森林之所以能够屹立不倒，主要归功于一场声势浩大、影响力日益增强的全球法律运动。 2008年，厄瓜多尔成为第一个修改宪法，规定自然享有与人类同等权利的国家。这一改变是由厄瓜多尔原住民团体推动的，标志着“自然权利”（rights of nature）运动迈出了重要的第一步，该运动的核心是建立一个法律框架，承认自然界的固有权利，即享有与人类和企业组织同等的受保护权。 迄今为止，已有44个国家提出了承认自然享有权利的倡议。有的法律案件为了一种动物辩护，有的法律判决则承认了河流、山脉和整个地球母亲（Mother Earth）的权利。 拓展练习阅读理解 37．D 38．D 39．B 40．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了Coleman在复兴濒危的Owens Valley Paiute语言方面的努力，他提出了一种被称为LLM-RBMT的机器翻译方法，以保护和推广濒危的语言。 37．细节理解题。根据第二段““My dad didn’t grow up speaking the language — like many families, it was forced out of use by boarding schools where speaking the language was forbidden. And there was no language-based language models (LLMs) to help me. But I’m lucky my great-grandparents sat down with scientists to document the language and to create recordings so I can hear their voices and words,” said Coleman.(“我父亲成长时并没有说这种语言——和许多家庭一样，他在寄宿学校被禁止使用这种语言。而且当时也没有基于语言的语言模型 (LLMs) 来帮助我。但我很幸运，我的曾祖父母曾与科学家一起记录这种语言并创建录音，所以我能听到他们的声音和语言，”Coleman说)”可知，Coleman最初是通过听录音学习Paiute这种语言的。故选D项。 38．推理判断题。根据第三段“ChatGPT and other LLMs exhibit human-level performance on many natural-language tasks in English, because one-fifth of the world speaks English. But Paiute is regarded as a “no-resource language”, meaning there are no publicly available Paiute sentences translated into English on which to train a machine learning model.(ChatGPT和其他LLMs在英语等许多自然语言任务中表现出人类水平的性能，因为世界上有五分之一的人说英语。但Paiute被视为一种“无资源语言”，这意味着没有公开可用的Paiute句子翻译成英语，无法在其上训练机器学习模型)”以及第四段“In a new paper, Coleman and his professor Krishnamachari propose a machine translation approach called LLM-RBMT (Rule-Based Machine Translation) to help people learn no-resource languages. In their method, the LLM does not translate into or from Owens Valley Paiute. Instead, it gives guidance to the rule-based translators, which rely on grammatical and vocabulary rules to translate between languages.(在一篇新论文中，Coleman和他的教授Krishnamachari提出了一种名为LLM-RBMT (基于规则的机器翻译) 的机器翻译方法，以帮助人们学习无资源语言。在他们的方法中，LLM并不直接翻译Owens Valley Paiute。相反，它为基于规则的翻译器提供指导，这些翻译器依赖于语法和词汇规则来在不同语言之间进行翻译)”可知，ChatGPT在许多用英语完成的语言任务上表现出了人类一样的水平，而 Paiute 是一种无资源语言，不能翻译成英语来训练机器学习模型。可见，作者提到ChatGPT是为了强调研发LLM-RBMT所面临的挑战。故选D项。 39．细节理解题。根据第四段“In their method, the LLM does not translate into or from Owens Valley Paiute. Instead, it gives guidance to the rule-based translators, which rely on grammatical and vocabulary rules to translate between languages.(在他们的方法中，LLM并不直接翻译Owens Valley Paiute。相反，它为基于规则的翻译器提供指导，这些翻译器依赖于语法和词汇规则来在不同语言之间进行翻译)”可知，这种新的机器翻译方法有助于指导基于规则的翻译器。故选B项。 40．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Coleman also built and maintains a suite of digital tools related to language revitalization, named Kubishi or “brain” in Paiute, including an online dictionary, and a sentence-builder and translation system enabled by this research. For his part, Coleman credits his tribe’s members, past and present, for paving the path. “A lot of people in my tribe have been working for a long time on different language revitalization efforts, including classes, dictionaries, recordings,” said Coleman.(Coleman还构建并维护了一套与语言复兴相关的数字工具，名为Kubishi，在Paiute语中意为“大脑”，其中包括在线词典，以及通过本研究启用的句子构建器和翻译系统。Coleman认为，他所在部落的成员，无论过去还是现在，都为这条路铺平了道路。“我们部落的很多人长期以来一直在努力进行不同的语言复兴工作，包括课程、词典、录音，”Coleman说)”可知，文章最后一段主要介绍了Coleman在恢复濒危语言方面做出的贡献以及他对部落人们的感谢。故选C项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$