2025届高三英语一轮复习培优外刊阅读导学案：金星巨大火山熔岩流

高三英语培优外刊阅读 班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________ 外刊精选｜金星还“活着”？新研究发现巨大火山熔岩流 近日，科学研究团队利用雷达测绘数据，在金星发现了火山熔岩流。由于金星表面被硫酸烟雾笼罩，高温使其没有任何生命迹象，几十年来，研究人员认为金星已经“死亡”。然而这次发现表明，金星目前正处于火山活跃状态。金星上的自然环境为何不适合人类生存？此次捕捉到的火山活动会有利于人们探索行星生命吗？ Rivers of Lava on Venus Reveal a More Volcanically Active Planet Witnessing the blood-red fires of a volcanic eruption on Earth is memorable. But to see molten rock bleed out of a volcano on a different planet would be extraordinary. That is close to what scientists have spotted on Venus: two vast, sinuous lava flows oozing from two different corners of Earth’s planetary neighbor. "After you see something like this, the first reaction is 'wow'," said Davide Sulcanese, author of a study reporting the discovery in the journal Nature Astronomy. Earth and Venus were forged at the same time. Both are made of the same primeval matter, and both are the same age and size. So why is Earth a paradise overflowing with water and life, while Venus is a scorched hellscape with acidic skies? Volcanic eruptions tinker with planetary atmospheres. One theory holds that, eons ago, several apocalyptic eruptions set off a runaway greenhouse effect on Venus, turning it from a temperate, waterlogged world into an arid desert. To better understand its volcanism, scientists hoped to catch a Venusian eruption in the act. But although the planet is known to be smothered in volcanoes, an opaque atmosphere has prevented anyone from seeing an eruption. In the 1990s, NASA used cloud-penetrating radar to survey most of the planet. But back then, the relatively low-resolution images made spotting fresh molten rock a troublesome task. By using modern software, scientists have now found two unambiguous lava flows. 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.memorable (adj.) 难忘的 2.sinuous (adj.) 蜿蜒的，曲折的 3.forge (v.) 锻造，建立 4.opaque (adj.) 不透明的 5.unambiguous (adj.) 明确的，不含糊的 6.atmosphere (n.) 气氛，氛围 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.overflowing with 充满... 2.tinker with 修补，胡乱摆弄 3.a runaway effect 失控的效果 4.catch (someone or something) in the act 当场抓住（某人或某事） 5.smothered in 被...覆盖，被...淹没 拓展练习阅读理解 When my father died last year, I received messages from my friends and family sharing their condolences (吊唁). While I appreciated everyone who reached out, I was especially grateful to two of my roommates who surprised my family with a delivery of bagels (百吉圈) for breakfast. Despite a mix- up in the address and the fact that we never received those bagels, this act of kindness stayed with me. It mattered more than the actual food. There’s a difference between being nice and being kind. Being nice often involves politeness and the purpose of pleasing others. It can be used as a strategy to leave a good impression, as noted by Dr Manly, a psychologist. Think about the last time you praised someone’s clothes but didn’t actually mean it. If you’ re people- pleasing, you may also expect others to respond in a certain way. But being kind is less self- serving. A kind person tries to really understand what someone else is going through so he could offer assistance. He is acting out of genuine concern for another without expecting anything in return. Practicing kindness benefits people’s health. When people act kindly, the brain releases a substance called oxytocin, which dampens activity in a region of the brain involved in fear and anxiety. If you have ever felt less stressed from helping others, it’s all thanks to the calming effects of oxytocin. Besides, acts of kindness get your brain to release feel- good chemicals like endorphins. They promote pleasure and act as a natural pain reliever. Being kind provides the same health benefits, no matter how big or small the gesture is. Below are some good deeds you can do and start right now: pick up litter, be an active listener, cook a meal for someone in need. Initially, acts of kindness might feel unfamiliar and out of character. However, this feeling will go away if you practice more. Soon enough, it will become so familiar and you’ll notice the benefits to yourself and others. 17．What made the author most grateful according to paragraph 1? A．The support from his family. B．The present of bagels sent to him. C．The messages expressing sympathy. D．The genuine concern from his roommates. 18．Where does the difference between niceness and kindness lie? A．In people’s intentions. B．In people’s capabilities. C．In people’s appearances. D．In people’s impression on others. 19．What does the underlined word “dampens” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Reflects B．Stimulates C．Weakens D．Assesses 20．What does the author encourage people to do in the last paragraph? A．Perform acts of kindness. B．Acknowledge kind acts in life. C．Enjoy the benefits of being kind. D．Value the impact of kindness. 外刊精选答案 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.memorable (adj.) 难忘的 2.sinuous (adj.) 蜿蜒的，曲折的 3.forge (v.) 锻造，建立 4.opaque (adj.) 不透明的 5.unambiguous (adj.) 明确的，不含糊的 6.atmosphere (n.) 气氛，氛围 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.overflowing with 充满... 2.tinker with 修补，胡乱摆弄 3.a runaway effect 失控的效果 4.catch (someone or something) in the act 当场抓住（某人或某事） 5.smothered in 被...覆盖，被...淹没 【全文翻译】 金星上的熔岩流，揭示了该星球的火山活动比人们以为的更活跃 在地球上目睹火山爆发时的血红色火焰令人难忘。但在另一颗行星上看到熔岩从火山中喷涌而出，更是非同寻常。这几乎就是科学家们在金星上发现的情况：在这个地球邻居的行星表面上，两股巨大的熔岩流从两个不同的角落里蜿蜒流出。 这一发现已发表在《自然-天文学》（Nature Astronomy）期刊上。这项研究的作者达维德·苏尔卡内塞（Davide Sulcanese）说：“当你看到这样的场景时，第一反应就是‘哇’。” 地球和金星诞生于同一时期。两者由相同的原始物质构成，年龄和大小也相同。那么，为什么地球是一个充满水和生命的天堂，而金星却是一个天上下酸雨的焦土地狱呢？ 火山喷发改变了行星的大气层。有一种理论认为，很久以前，几次世界末日般的火山喷发引发了失控的温室效应，使得金星从一个气候温和、水源丰富的世界变成了干旱的沙漠。 为了更好地了解金星上的火山活动，科学家们希望能够捕捉到火山喷发的画面。然而，尽管人们知道金星上遍布火山，但不透明的大气层让人们无法看到火山爆发。 20世纪90年代，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）使用穿透云层的雷达勘测了金星的大部分区域。但在当时，图像分辨率较低，要发现新鲜的熔岩十分困难。 如今，借助现代软件，科学家们发现了两处清晰可见的熔岩流。 拓展练习阅读理解 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．A 【导语】这篇文章的体裁是说明文。文章解释了善良（kindness）与仅仅表现友好（niceness）之间的区别，并探讨了善良行为对健康的好处，并给出了实践善良的具体建议。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“While I appreciated everyone who reached out, I was especially grateful to two of my roommates who surprised my family with a delivery of bagels (百吉圈) for breakfast. Despite a mix- up in the address and the fact that we never received those bagels, this act of kindness stayed with me. It mattered more than the actual food. (虽然我感谢每一个伸出援手的人，但我特别感谢我的两个室友，他们给我的家人带来了早餐的百吉圈。尽管地址搞错了，而且我们从来没有收到过那些百吉圈，但这种善意的行为让我印象深刻。这比食物本身更重要。)”可知，作者最感激的是室友们的真诚关心，而不是百吉圈本身。故选D。 18．推理判断题。根据第二段“There’s a difference between being nice and being kind. Being nice often involves politeness and the purpose of pleasing others. It can be used as a strategy to leave a good impression, as noted by Dr Manly, a psychologist. Think about the last time you praised someone’s clothes but didn’t actually mean it. If you’ re people- pleasing, you may also expect others to respond in a certain way. But being kind is less self- serving. A kind person tries to really understand what someone else is going through so he could offer assistance. He is acting out of genuine concern for another without expecting anything in return. (友善和善良是有区别的。友善通常包括礼貌和取悦他人的目的。心理学家曼利博士指出，这可以作为一种给人留下好印象的策略。想想你上次称赞别人的衣服，但不是真心的时候。如果你是一个讨人喜欢的人，你可能也希望别人以某种方式回应。但是善良是不那么自私的。一个善良的人试图真正理解别人的经历，这样他才能提供帮助。他的行为是出于对他人的真正关心，而不期待任何回报。)”可知，友好和善良的区别在于人们的意图。故选A。 19．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“activity in a region of the brain involved in fear and anxiety (大脑中与恐惧和焦虑有关的区域的活动)”和“If you have ever felt less stressed from helping others, it’s all thanks to the calming effects of oxytocin. (如果你曾经因为帮助别人而感到压力减轻，这都要归功于催产素的镇静作用。)”可知，催产素会减弱大脑中与恐惧和焦虑相关的区域的活动。dampens的词义为“减弱”。A. Reflects反射；Stimulates刺激；Weakens削弱，减弱；Assesses评估。故选C。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Below are some good deeds you can do and start right now: pick up litter, be an active listener, cook a meal for someone in need. Initially, acts of kindness might feel unfamiliar and out of character. However, this feeling will go away if you practice more. (下面是一些你现在就可以做的好事：捡垃圾，做一个积极的倾听者，为有需要的人做一顿饭。起初，善意的行为可能会让你感到陌生和不符合你的性格。然而，如果你练习得更多，这种感觉就会消失。)”可知，作者鼓励人们去做善事。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$