非谓语动词 导学案-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

【练一练】 It is believed that _ work means moving a body through a distance by a force. A. having done B. done C. being done D. doing (2)动名词作表语 动名词作表语时相当于名词,用于解释主语的内容,表语和主语常常可以互换位置。 例句: 他最喜欢的运动是游泳。 _ (3)动名词做宾语 动名词既可以作介词后的宾语,也可以作动词后的宾语。 下列动词(短语)后只能跟动名词作宾语: 考虑建议盼原谅 承认推迟没得想 避免错过继续练 否认完成就欣赏 禁止想象才冒险 不禁介意准逃亡 注意:allow, permit, forbid, advice, consider后面需加动名词作宾语,但如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,则用不定式作宾补。 【练一练】 1. I don’t mind _ by bus, but I hate _ in queues. A. to travel; to stand B. travel; stand C. traveling; standing D. to travel; standing 2. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost (3)动名词作定语 动名词作定语置于被修饰词前面,用来说明被修饰词的用途或性能。 例句: I have a swimming class this afternoon. (4) 有些动词既可用不定式又可用动名词作宾语,意义不同。 forget to do sth. forget doing sth. regret to do sth. regret doing sth. try to do sth. try doing sth. go on to do sth. go on doing sth. remember to do sth. remember doing sth. mean to do sth. mean doing sth. 补充:易错搭配 used to do_ be used to doing _ be used to do sth. _ 2、动名词的时态和语态 动名词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词之间的关系 (非谓语的时态) 一般式 完成式 例句: To avoid _(lay off) he admitted the mistake he had made. 为了避免被解雇,他承认了自己的错误。 I regret _ her the news. 我后悔把这个消息告诉了她。 三、分词 现在分词为doing和动名词形式一样,表主动、正在进行。 过去分词为done表被动或完成。 1、分词的句法功能 (1) 分词作定语 ①及物动词分词形式作定语 形式 用法 例句 doing 表主动、进行 Do you know the man wearing glasses? 你认识戴眼镜的那个人吗? being done 表被动、进行 The house being built are for the infected patients. 正在建的房子是为被感染的病人建的。 done 表被动、完成 The house bought last year is worth a fortune. 去年买的房子值一大笔钱。 ②不及物动词分词形式作定语 形式 用法 示例 doing 表进行 falling leaves_ fallen leaves_ boiling water_ boiled water_ developing countries_ developed countries_ done 表完成 ③一些表示情感的动词,其现在分词形式表示“令人......的”,过去分词形式表示“感到......的”。这些都是形容词化的分词。 例子: an exciting voice _ an excited voice _ a puzzling expression _ a puzzled expression _ ④动名词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别 动名词作定语置于被修饰词之前,用来说明被修饰词的用途或性能;现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行。 例子: a swimming pool=a pool for swimming(动名词作定语) a swimming boy=a boy who is swimming(现在分词作定语) 【练一练】 1. The picture_ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 2. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded (2) 分词作状语 ①分词作状语时可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式和伴随状况等。 例句: Hearing the news, they got excited.(_) Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it.(_) Having been told many times, she still repeated the same mistake.(_) The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces.(_) ②分词的独立成分作状语 分词的独立成分在句子中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在,修饰全句,表明说话者的态度、观点等。 常见的有: generally speaking_ frankly speaking _ judging from/by..._ considering/taking...into consideration _ provided/providing (that)..._ ...... ③分词的独立主格结构 动词的非谓语形式作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子的主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中作状语,这种结构我们称之为独立主格结构。 例句: Weather permitting, we shall go there on foot. He returned three days later, his face covered with mud. 【练一练】 1. _a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter. A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received 2. The manager, _ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room. A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making 3. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to the university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 4. _ in operation for many hours, the motor became rather hot. A. Being B. To be C. Be D. Having been 2、分词的时态和语态 现在分词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词之间的关系 (非谓语的时态) 一般式 完成式 例句: I don’t know the man smoking at the gate. He found the topic being discussed everywhere. Having watered the vegetables, the farmer took a short rest. Having been told that some guests were coming, she shopped all morning in that supermarket. 过去分词 done 表被动、完成 例句: The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. Deeply moved by her words, the old man agreed her request. 四、其他知识点 1.with+宾语+宾补 (1)with+宾语+doing (2)with+宾语+done (3)with+宾语+to do (4)with+宾语+being done 例句: With Mr. Ade taking the lead, they decided to set up trading company. 以艾德先生为首,他们决定成立一个贸易公司。 The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 那个杀人犯被带进来,双手被绑在后面。 With you to lead us, our group is sure to succeed. 有你领导我们,我们组肯定能成功。 【练一练】 1. With everything _, he left the shopping mall happily. A. buying B. bought C. to be bought D. being bought 2. Mary went to work quietly, _ to work as hard as she could. A. her mind being made up B. with her mind made up C. with her mind making up D. her mind making up 2.感官动词+宾语+宾补 “五看两听一感觉” (look at, see, watch, notice, observe, make, let, have, listen to, hear, feel) (1)感官动词+宾语+do sth. (2)感官动词+宾语+doing sth. (3)感官动词+宾语+done 例句: I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. 我抬头注意到一条蛇蜿蜒着爬山树去捕捉它的早餐。 When we saw the road blocked with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. 当我们看到路被雪封住后,我们决定在家过假期。 3.使役动词+宾语+宾补 使役动词有:make, let, have, get (1)使役动词+宾语+do (2)使役动词+宾语+done (3)使役动词+宾语+doing 例句: My parents often have me do some other homework. 我的父母经常让我做一些其他的作业。 You shouldn’t make the guests waiting for so long. 你不应该让客人们在那里等那么久。 You should make your views known. 你应该让别人了解你的观点。 【练一练】 Ellen was absent this morning because she had her teeth _. A. filling B. filled C. to fill D. fill 4.find/keep/catch+宾语+宾补 (1)find/keep/catch+宾语+doing sth. (2)find/keep/catch+宾语+done 5.leave (1)leave+sb.+to do sth. (2)leave+sth.+to be done (3)leave+sth.+undone (4)leave+宾语+doing 【练一练】 1. The wallet _ several days ago was found _ in the dustbin outside the building. A. stolen, hidden B. stealing, hiding C. stealing, hidden D. stolen, hiding 2. Don’t leave the water_ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 3. When I came into the room, I found Tom _ in the chair. A. sat B. sitting C. seating D. seated 语法专项练习 1. _ in thought, I didn’t know what happened at that time. A. Losing B. Lost C. To lose D. I lost 2. We’ve missed the last bus. I'm afraid we have no choice but _ a taxi. A. to take B. taking C. take D. taken 3. The man insisted_ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding 4. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _ the flowing of the smog around me. A. enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyed D. to enjoy 5. _ the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room. A. Writing B. Having written C. Written D. Being written 6. The teacher came into the classroom _ by his students. A. following B. to be following