Unit 5 Period Four Lesson 2 &Lesson 3 Language Points(Word教参)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第二册（北师大版2019）

Period Four　Lesson 2 & Lesson 3—Language Points Ⅰ.重点单词 1． rescue n．& vt.营救；救援 2． trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中 3． attempt n．& vt.努力，尝试，企图 4． interrupt vt.打断讲话 5． damage n．伤害，损伤，损害 6． measure vt.估量，衡量；测量 7． process n．过程，进程 8． conduct vt.实施；进行；执行 vi.& vt.指挥 9． captain n．队长；组长 10． prove vt.证明；证实 11． distant adj.久远的；遥远的 12． sincerity n．真诚，真挚，诚实 13． death n．死，死亡→ die v．死，死亡→ dead adj.死的；失去生命的 14． loss n．丧失；死亡→ lose v．遗失；丧失 15． operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作→ operate v．做手术；操作→ operator n．操作人员；技工；电话员；接线员 16． suffering n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨→ suffer v．遭受 17． protection n．保护；防护→ protect vt.保护 18． explorer n．探险者；勘察者→ explore vt.探索→ exploration n．探险；探索 19． preparation n．预备，准备→ prepare v．准备→ prepared adj.准备好的 20． base n．基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地→ basis n．基础→ basic adj.基础的 21． anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地→ anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的→ anxiety n．焦虑 22． cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的→ cheer v．欢呼 23． honesty n．坦诚；诚实，正直→ honest adj.坦诚的；诚实的 24． bravery n．勇气；勇敢的行为→ brave adj.勇敢的 掌握规律　巧记单词 词缀法助记派生词 1．形容词后缀：-ful cheer(n.&v.)→cheerful(adj.) harm(n.&v.)→harmful(adj.) 2．名词后缀：-ation, -ty, -y prepare(v.)→preparation(n.) explore(v.)→exploration(n.) honest(adj.)→honesty(n.) sincere(adj.)→sincerity(n.) brave(adj.)→bravery(n.) 3．副词后缀：-ly anxious(adj.)→anxiously(adv.) curious(adj.)→curiously(adv.) Ⅱ.核心短语 1． breathe in 　吸气 2． run out 用完；耗尽 3． move away from 从……走开 4． break down 停止运转，出故障 5． on the way to 在去……的路上 6． in preparation for 为……做准备 7． have difficulty with sth 在某事上遇到困难 8． all the way 一路上；一直 9． at one time 曾经 10． carry on 继续 Ⅲ.经典句式 1．to do 不定式表示目的 Today, Mr Wang from China International Search and Rescue Team is here to tell us all about this . 今天，来自中国国际搜救队的王先生来这里告诉我们关于这件事。 2．what if…？如果……怎么办？ But what if I'm trapped ? 但是如果我被困住怎么办？ 3．then放句首句子完全倒装 Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.然后漆黑的极地冬夜开始了。 4．名词前面有序数词修饰，非谓语与被修饰词是主动关系，用to do 不定式 Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September, 1911.1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个动身。 5．have sb/sth doing让某人/某物一直做…… He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.他用几队狗拉雪橇，所有的队员都在滑雪板上行进。 1　(教材P34)Search and rescue vehicles are brought into destroyed areas. 搜寻和救援车被带到被破坏地区。 rescue n．& vt.营救；救援 rescue sb/sth from　把某人/某物从……营救出来 come/go to one's rescue 来/去营救某人 (1)Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 一些救援人员和医生被困在了废墟下面。 (2)The firemen rescued a baby from the burning house. 消防队员从失火的房子里救出了一个婴儿。 (3)All the people nearby came to her rescue when hearing her cry for help. 周围的人们听到她的呼救声都来营救她。 [句式升级] (4)The boy who was rescued from the river was my classmate. →The boy rescued from the river was my classmate.(用非谓语动词改写) 2　(教材P34)Rescue teams try to save people trapped under buildings. 救援队试图营救被困在建筑物下的人。 trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中 n．陷阱；困境 ①be trapped in被困在……中，陷在……中 trap sb into (doing) sth诱骗某人(做)某事 ②set a trap for给……设圈套 fall into a trap落入圈套 (1)If you walk into the forest, you're likely to fall into a trap. 如果你走入森林中，你很可能陷入圈套。 (2)When the accident happened, some students were trapped (trap) in the lift. 当事故发生时，一些学生正被困在电梯中。 (3)The firefighter went to rescue the people trapped (trap) in the house. 那名消防员去救困在这所房子里的人。 (4)The man trapped the little boy into entering the building. 这个人骗这个小男孩进入了这座楼房。 [句式升级] (5)When the young man was trapped in the building, he felt very helpless. → Trapped in the building , the young man felt very helpless.(用非谓语动词改写) 3　(教材P34)Then decide if the sentences contain a main idea(MI) about rescue attempts or a detail(D)．然后判断这些句子包含的是救援尝试的主要内容还是细节。 attempt n．& vt.努力，尝试，企图 ①at the first attempt第一次尝试 make an attempt to do sth尝试/企图做某事 ②attempt to do sth尝试/企图做某事 ③attemptedadj.(犯罪或非法行为)未遂的 (1)Unfortunately, all attempts by the experts to save him failed. 遗憾的是，专家救他的所有努力都失败了。 (2)He is attempting to finish (finish) his painting by the weekend. 他正努力在周末前完成画作。 (3)The young man was arrested because of an attempted (attempt) robbery. 这个年轻人因为抢劫未遂而被逮捕了。 [一句多译] (4)这些女孩试图去宿营，但是被父母拦住了。 ①The girls attempted to leave for camping, but were stopped by their parents.(attempt v．) ②The girls made an attempt to leave for camping, but were stopped by their parents.(attempt n．) 4　(教材P102)As you know, natural disasters like earthquakes, floods and landslides can cause death and other loss and damage that is hard to measure.你知道，像地震、洪水和山体滑坡等自然灾害可能会导致死亡和别的很难衡量的损失。 damage n．& vt.伤害，损伤，损害 do/cause damage to　对……造成损害 damage one's health 损害某人的健康 (1)He was hit by a car and suffered serious brain damage.他被车撞了，脑部严重损伤。 (2)The problem is clear：man has done great damage to the environment over the years.问题显而易见：多年来，人类已经严重破坏了环境。 (3)As we all know, eating too much fat every day will damage our health .我们都知道，每天摄入太多脂肪会损害我们的健康。 [句式升级] (4)The damage which was caused by the earthquake was very serious. →The damage caused by the earthquake was very serious.(用非谓语动词改写) 5　(教材P102)Mr Wang, I know you have been part of many rescue operations overseas, as well as in China…王老师，我知道您参加过中国的和海外的很多救援活动…… operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作 ①perform an operation　做手术 have an operation 做手术 in operation 在运行 come into operation 投入运营 put sth into operation 实施；使运转；启用 ②operate　v．运行；工作；操作 operate on sb 给某人做手术 (1)There are three lifts in operation at the moment. 现在有三部电梯在运行。 (2)Most domestic freezers operate at below －18℃. 多数家用冰柜能制冷到零下18摄氏度以下。 (3)The new factory is scheduled to come into operation in May this year. 新工厂计划今年五月投入运营。 (4)He's recovering from an operation (operate) on his shoulder. 他肩膀动了手术，正在恢复中。 (5)The boy rescued from the fire should be operated on as soon as possible. 这个被从火中救出的男孩应该立刻做手术。 6　(教材P35)Excuse me, Mr Wang, but can I interrupt you there? 对不起，王老师，我可以打断您一下吗？ interrupt vt.打断讲话 ①interrupt sb/sth (with sth)打断(某人)讲话；打扰，打岔 ②interruptionn.打扰；阻断物 without interruption不间断地 (1)Don't interrupt the speaker please；ask your questions afterwards. 请不要打断演讲者，等他讲完你再提问。 (2)It is not polite to interrupt a speaker with frequent questions. 不断提问打断演讲者是不礼貌的。 (3)He has kept up physical training for several years without interruption. 他坚持体育锻炼，多年来从未间断。 7　(教材P103)Well, I'd love to know more, but, unfortunately, we've run out of time. 好的，我还想了解更多，但是，遗憾的是，我们的时间到了。 run out of 用完；耗尽 run out　用完；耗尽 run into 遇到(困难)；(车辆意外)撞上；偶然遇到 run over (车辆)碾压 run after 追逐；追求 run across 无意间碰到 run away 逃跑 [比较网站]——run out，run out of run out 动副型短语动词，作不及物动词短语，表示“被用完了(become used up)”，其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命名词 run out of 及物动词短语，后接宾语，表示“用完(use up)”，主语只能是人 (1)What am I to do if I run out of all the money? 如果把这些钱都用光了，我该怎么办？ (2)Conditions are getting worse and supplies are running out. 情况越来越糟糕，贮备物资也快用完了。 (3)They never became tame; they would run away if you approached them.它们从没有被驯服，如果你靠近，它们就跑开了。 (4)We went too fast round the corner and ran into a tree. 我们拐弯的时候太快了，撞到了树上。 (5)You ride the bike, and I'll run after you.Let's see if I can catch you. 你骑自行车，我在你后面追，看我能不能追上你。 8　(教材P36)During the polar summer of 1910～1911, both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.在1910～1911年的极地的夏季，两支队伍都建了食品储备点，为来年的旅程做准备。 preparation n．预备，准备 ①make preparations for为……做准备工作 in preparation for为……做好准备 ②preparev.预备，使有准备 prepare sb for sth使某人对某事有所准备 prepare…for为……准备…… prepare to do sth准备做某事 ③preparedadj.准备好的 be prepared for/to do对……有所准备 (1)(2023·新高考Ⅰ)There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed by hand rather than rolled.在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。 (2)I want to improve my language skills in preparation (prepare) for further study overseas. 我想提高语言技能为出国深造做准备。 (3)Just as the saying goes, “Hope for the best, and prepare for the worst.” 正如谚语所说：“存最好的希望，但做最坏的打算”。 (4)All the competitors must be fully prepared to give (give) the best performance.所有参赛者一定要做好充分的准备，以发挥最佳水平。 [一句多译] (5)她需要为前面的任务做好准备。 ①She will need to be well prepared for the task ahead.(prepared) ②She will need to make good preparations for the task ahead.(preparation) 9　(教材P36)Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring. 斯科特和阿蒙森焦急地等待春天的到来。 anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地 ①anxious　adj.焦急的 be anxious about 对……着急/担忧 be anxious for 渴望；对……担心 be anxious to do sth 渴望做某事 be anxious that…(should) do sth 渴望…… ②anxiety n．忧虑 (1)When she was making preparations, the children were waiting anxiously. 她在做准备时，孩子们在焦急地等着。 (2)There is a girl anxious to meet (meet) you at the gate of our school. 在我们学校门口，有个女孩急着见你。 (3)There was increasing anxiety (anxious) over the outcome of the talks. 对会谈结果有越来越多的担忧。 [一句多译] (4)他渴望得到他想要的东西。 ①He is anxious to get what he wants .(简单句) ②He is anxious that he (should) get what he wants .(复合句) 10　(教材P36)First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold. 先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。 break down 停止运转，出故障；(谈判等)失败；把……分成若干部分；分解；打破，消除；感情失控(痛哭起来) [一词多义]——写出下列句中break down的含义 (1)On my way to the station, my car broke down. 出故障 (2)Talks between the two sides have broken down. (谈判等)失败 (3)Each lesson is broken down into several units. 把……分成若干部分 (4)Getting young people together to help to break down the fences between them. 消除 (5)He broke down as he thought of his failure. 情不自禁地哭起来 break up打碎；解散，打散；结束；(关系等)破裂 break away (from sb/sth)突然离开；脱离 break into破门而入；闯入 break out(战争、火灾等)爆发 (6)The police came running and broke up the crowd.警察跑过来把人群驱散了。 (7)He decided to break away from home after graduation.毕业后，他决定离开家。 (8)Someone broke into my house and stole some money.有人闯入了我的房子，偷了些钱。 (9)Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out ? 大家都知道火灾发生时该怎么办吗？ 11　(教材P37)Well, we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our dreams. 好吧，我们现在已经失去了我们奋斗的目标，而且必须要面对800英里的艰苦行进——并且要跟我们大多数人的梦想说再见。 ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 ①the ambition to do/of doing sth做某事的雄心 achieve one's ambition实现抱负 ②ambitiousadj.有雄心的；有野心的 be ambitious for sth/sb渴望得到某物/希望某人成功 (1)His ambition is to sail around the world. 他的理想是环球航行． (2)It had been his lifelong ambition to coach (coach) a leading team. 执教一支超群的球队是他一生的志向。 (3)The young man is disabled, but he is very ambitious (ambition)． 这个年轻人虽然身体有残疾，但是很有雄心。 (4)Her parents were ambitious for her and her brother. 她的父母对她和哥哥有着很高的期望。 [句式升级] (5)As he was ambitious for success, he came to this big city. → Ambitious for success , he came to this big city.(改为简单句) 12　(教材P37)They carried twenty kilos of rocks all the way with them. 他们一路上带着二十公斤的石头。 all the way 一路上；一直 in a way从某一角度看；在某种程度上 in the way妨碍；挡道 in this way这样；用这种方法 by the way顺便说 in no way一点也不；决不 on one's way/the way to在……路上 (1)The girls climbed down the tree and ran all the way to the riverside. 女孩们从树上爬下来，一路跑到河边。 (2) In a way , it made me a little surprised that he accepted the offer.从某种程度上讲，他接受了这个报价让我觉得有点惊讶。 (3)Although I thought I was helping my parents, I was only in the way .虽然我认为自己是在帮父母干活，实际上只是碍手碍脚。 (4)Only in this way can you get rid of your bad habits. 只有用这种方法你才能戒掉你的坏习惯。 (5)We are determined that in no way can we allow this to continue. 我们下定决心决不允许这样的事继续下去。 13　(教材P37)Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants. 后来，通过这些石块可以证实，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植被覆盖。 prove vt.证明；证实 link v．证明是，被发现是 prove a point　证明一个观点 It is proved that… 据证实…… prove…to 向……证明…… (1)Margaret proved herself to be a good mother. 玛格丽特证明了自己是个好母亲。 (2)It is proved that the young man, who looks so small, is very ambitious. 已经证明了，这个看起来很瘦小的年轻人很有雄心壮志。 (3)Doubted by so many people, he feels he has to prove himself to others.被那么多人怀疑，他觉得有必要向别人证明自己。 14　(教材P37)Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases. 斯科特上校和两名队员继续向前，到达距离食品储备点不足11英里的地方。 carry on 继续走，继续行进 carry on with sth继续某事 carry on doing sth继续做某事 carry out履行，实施，执行 carry through帮助……渡过难关；成功完成 (1)Though it is very difficult, he will carry on with his research to prove his theory. 虽然很难，他会继续进行研究来证明他的理论。 (2)If you carry on working (work) like that, you will make yourself ill. 如果你继续那样工作，你会生病的。 (3)I had some difficulty in carrying out the plan, but I will carry on with it. 实施这个计划我有些困难，但是我会继续的。 (4)It's a difficult job but he is the person to 　carry it through　. 工作很艰难，但是他设法完成了。 15　(教材P36) Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.然后漆黑的极地冬夜开始了。 句型：then放句首句子完全倒装 ①当表运动、方位的副词(如in, down, off, over, round, away, up, out等)或地点状语，或地点与时间副词(there, here, now, then等)放在句首时，且谓语动词是come, go, be, follow, exist, fall, lie, remain, seem, stand等表移动或动态或状态(存在)的不及物动词，主语为名词时，句子一般用完全倒装的形式。这种语序里，一般使用一般现在时或一般过去时。 ②当由介词短语作状语前置到句首表强调或保持句子平衡或使上下文紧密衔接，用完全倒装语序。 [提示] 当主语为代词时，不用倒装。如： There she comes.她来了。 (1)(2023·新高考Ⅰ续写)A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. 几周后，当我差点忘记比赛的时候，传来了消息。 (2)Now come (come) your friends.Let them sit down and treat them to some fruit. 现在你的朋友们来了。让他们坐下，招待他们吃点水果。 (3)The door was opened and out rushed (rush) the boy, who was angry. 门被打开了，那个生气的男孩冲了出去。 (4)At the foot of the hill lies (lie) a beautiful lake, on which there are several boats. 山脚下有一个美丽的湖，湖面上有几艘船。 16　(教材P36)He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.他用几队狗拉雪橇，所有的队员都在滑雪板上行进。 句型：have sb/sth doing…让某人/某物一直做…… ①此句中使用了“have sb/sth doing…”结构，意为“使……一直做……”。 ②have sb/sth doing…现在分词表示进行和持续，宾语是动作的执行者 have sb/sth do…动词原形表示动作未完成，宾语是动作的执行者 have sb/sth done…过去分词表示已经完成，宾语是动作的承受者 (1)The mother had her son playing the piano the whole afternoon. 这位母亲让儿子整个下午一直在弹钢琴。 (2)He had his son clean (clean) the car as quickly as possible.他叫他的儿子尽快擦车。 (3)When we were working, the machine broke down and we had the old machine repaired (repair) at once.我们正在工作的时候，机器出故障了，我们立刻请人修理了那台旧机器。 一、后缀的概念 有些英语单词由三部分组成，即前缀、词根及后缀。单词中位于词根前面的部分就是前缀，位于词根后面的部分就是后缀。如：unacceptable中un是前缀，accept是词根，able是后缀。后缀词是指在一个词根的后面附加一个或几个字母构成的一个新词。如：snowy中y就是后缀。通常，后缀改变单词的词性，不改变词根的含义。当我们的单词积累到一定量的时候，通过前缀、后缀的对比可以帮助我们理解记忆这些单词，比如通过构词法产生的新单词可以帮助背诵基本的单词，从而避免一些记了新单词而忘记老单词的情况。 二、常见的后缀 1．名词后缀：-er/-or(从事……的人), -ese(某地人), -ess(雌性), -ian(……的人), -ist(专业人员), -ism(主义), -ment(性质；状态)，-ness(性质), -tion/-ation(动作；过程), -dom(状态；区域) 例如：teacher教师；Japanese日本人；musician音乐家；artist艺术家；hostess女主持人；socialism社会主义；argument争论；kindness仁慈，善行；communication交流；exploration探索；wisdom智慧 2．动词后缀：-en(多用于形容词之后)，-fy(使……化), -ize(使……成为) 例如：widen加宽；beautify美化；memorize记忆 3．形容词后缀：-al, -able, -an, -ern, -ful, -ive, -less, -like, -ly, -y, -ous, -some 例如：personal个人的；comfortable舒适的；American美国的；eastern东方的；careful细心的；active有活力的；careless粗心的；childlike adj.天真的，孩子似的；friendly友好的；nervous紧张的；awesome adj.可怕的 4．副词后缀：-ly(用于形容词后表示方式或程度), -ward(s)(表示方向) 例如：quickly迅速地；angrily生气地；westwards向西地 5．数词后缀：-teen, -th, -ty 例如：thirteen十三；fourth第四；forty四十 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．She welcomed us with a cheerful (兴高采烈的) greeting. 2．His ambition (抱负) is to become a great scientist in the future. 3．It is proved that he is a(n) explorer (探险者) with great bravery. 4．I'm afraid getting things changed will be a slow process (过程)． 5．I don't want you to visit me simply out of a sense of duty (责任)． 6．In the past, studying abroad was a distant (遥远的) dream for most people. 7．The first thing you'll see on Mars will be one of the polar (极地的) ice caps. 8．As we all know, the flood really did great damage (损害) to the crops there. 9．He travelled alone across the whole continent (大洲) of Africa from east to west. 10．He is practising every day, in preparation (准备) for the ice-skating championship. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The closure of the factory will cause severe damage to the local economy. 2． Based (base) on a real story, the film attracted a lot of people. 3．In fact, the exploration (explore) of space began a long time ago. 4．The game was interrupted (interrupt) several times by rain that day. 5．They have made full preparations (prepare) for the upcoming sports meeting. 6．They attempted to persuade (persuade) him to stop and have a rest, but failed. 7．Up to now, she has never achieved her ambition of becoming a famous writer. 8．He opened the door and saw a group of cheerful (cheer) children standing there. 9．The young travelers stood among the trees, breathing (breathe) in some fresh air. 10．Faced with so many new things to learn, I was overcome by fear and was at a loss (lose) what to do. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$