Unit 1 Back to school Grammar(I)句子成分课件-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版(2020)必修第一册

句子和句子成分 Grammar Unit 1 Back to school ③ ② ① 行业PPT模板http:///hangye/ Teaching aims To identify English sentences elements . To use sentecnce elements in communications. To understand and judge sentence elements in difference sentences. Lead–in Think and discuss What is a sentence? I have a happy life I have a happy life. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Lead–in What are the components of a sentence? I have a happy life. subject verb object Presentation 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位。句子的第一个字母必须大 写，结尾要有。/?/! I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is ! Presentation 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语(S)和谓语(V)；次要成分有表语(P)、宾语(O)、定语(Attr)、状语(A)、补足语(C)和同位语(App)。 主语（ subject )，谓语（ verb )表语（ predicative )，宾语（ object )定语( attribute )，状语（ adverbial )补语（ complement )，同位语（ appositive ) Presentation 句子的主要成分: 主 谓 表 状 补 宾 同 定 句子的次要成分: subject(主语): 句中动作的发起者 定义: 指句子所谈论的主体。说明动作是"谁，什么"发出的，一般位于句首。 Jane is good at playing the piano . She went out in a hurry . Four plus four is eight . To see is to believe . Smoking is bad for health . The young should respect the old . What he has said is true . 名词 代词 数词 动名词 不定式 the+形容词 从句 verb (谓语):动词，主语的动作或状态特征 定义：是对主语加以陈述，说明主语的动作、状态和特征，一般由 V 充当，放在主语之后（英语句子的灵魂） We are Chinese . I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He can speak English well . I have seen this man before . 系动词 行为动词 情态动词+动词 助动词+动词 object(宾语):行为或动作的承受者 定义:通常指动作的对象。有的动词后面可以接两个宾语，通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语（ indirect object )，把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语（ direct object )。 Show your passport , please . She didn ' t say anything . I enjoy working with you . Did you write down what he said ? They asked to see my passport . 名词 代词 从句 动名词 不定式 predicative(表语): 表明主语的特征、状态、身份 定义: 用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等）之后。 Our teacher of English is an American. Is it yours? The weather has turned cold. The speech is exciting. Three times seven is twenty one? His job is to teach English. 名词 代词 形容词 分词 数词 不定式 predicative(表语): 表明主语的特征、状态、身份 定义: 用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等）之后。 His hobby is playing football. The class is over. The machine must be out of order. The truth is that he has never been abroad. 动名词 介词短语 副词 表语从句 complement(补语): 补充说明宾语的意义 定义：有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有： make , ask , see , find , call , get , have , let , tell , help , keep I found the book interesting . I make my students interested in my class . She asked me to lend her a hand . We found him in trouble now . 形容词 分词 不定式 介词短语 adverbial(状语) 定义:修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子。一般表示行为发生的程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。 He did it carefully. We often help him. Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday. When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher. He sits there. attributive(定语) 定义:用来修饰名词或代词单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。短语，句子一般放在所修饰词前﹣后置定语。 The black bike is mine. What's your name? They make paper flowers. 形容词 代词 名词 I have five books. 数词 The boys in the room are in Class Four. 介词短语 appositive(同位语) 对n．或pron．进行补充说明或进一步解释说明,一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外，还可以表示部分意义。 He told me the news that our team won the game. Mr.Smith, our new teacher,is very kind to us. Practice Indicate the components of the sentence On the first day of school , Miss Yan gave a short speech about the importance of setting goals . Pay attention to the underlined sentences and fill in the table below . The first one has been done for you . Albert Einstein said ," If you want to live a happy life , tie it to a goal ."(1) I agree . Goals are important in many ways .(2) Setting goals gives you a focus in life . By setting goals now , you are deciding what you want to achieve in the future . Then you know where you are going in life and can work hard to get there . Setting goals also helps you develop good habits . To realize your goals , you need to have a good plan , manage your time well and pay attention to details .(3) These habits will be helpful . Finally ,(4) setting goals makes you more confident . When you achieve a goal , you see the result of your hard work and know how much progress you have made . A goal is a dream that needs action . As a result of your action , your dream will come true and hopefully (5) you will live a happy life . Indicate the components of the sentence Subject Verb I agree. Subject Verb Predictive Subject Verb Object Subject Verb Indirect object Direct object Subject Verb Object Object complement These habits will be helpful. You will have a happy life. Setting goals gives you a focus in life. Setting goals makes you more confident. Mark the different elements of each sentence with different symbols. Summary 主语：subject 谓语：verb 宾语：object 表语：predicative 宾补：complement 同位语：appositive 定语：attribute 状语：adverbial $$