Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good! Grammar（课件）-【上好课】2024-2025学年高一英语同步精品课堂（译林版2020必修第一册）

Grammar and usage Restrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good I’ll never forget the museum __________ we visited together. 先行词 (which/that) we visited the museum together 关系代词 I’ll never forget the museum __________ the paintings are so appealing. the paintings are so appealing in the museum where 先行词 关系副词 We are living in an age ___________ is seeing great changes. 先行词 (which/that) the age is seeing great changes 关系代词 We are living in an age ___________ many things are done on computer. many things are done on computer in the age when 先行词 关系副词 The reason ___________ he gave us is not true. 先行词 (which/that) he gave us the reason 关系代词 The reason __________ he didn’t come to school is not true. he didn’t come to school for the reason why 先行词 关系副词 I’ll never forget the museum (which/that) we visited together. I’ll never forget the museum where the paintings are so appealing. We are living in an age which/that is seeing great changes. We are living in an age when many things are done on computer. The reason (which/that) he gave us is not true. The reason why he didn’t come to school is not true. 表时间用__________ ; 表地点用__________ ; 表原因用 __________。 when where why 1. October 1, 1949 was the day ______ the PRC was founded. when 用适当的关系词填空。 3. The village has developed a lot ______ the teenagers learned farming five years ago. where 2. I don’t believe the reason __________ he gave me yesterday and that’s the reason ______ I called him just now. (which/that) why 对比练习：用适当的关系词填空。 1. ① The house _________ she once lived is still there. ② The house ___________ she bought is in the city centre. ③ The house ________ roof is red belongs to me. ④ The house ___________ is under repair belongs to my uncle. 2. ① I will remember the day _____________ we first met. ② I will always remember the days _____________ I spent with you in that village. where (that/which) whose that/which when/on which (that/which) 3. ① The reason ________________ I don’t know the thing is that I was not there at that time. ② The reason _____________ I don’t know is known to her. ③ This is the very reason _______ he explained to me just now. why/for which (that/which) that 关系代词 指代 在定语从句中充当的成分 人 物 句子 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 who whom which that whose as Revision：引导限制性定语从句的关系代词 Below is a part of a magazine article about sleep problems. Find the sentences with restrictive relative clauses in the article and fill in the box below. The first one has been done for you. Part A Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest? One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work. They are still growing, and night is the time when their bodies grow faster. Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where body development slows down, and their health suffers. Do you remember a time? You had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest at the time. One of the reasons is pressure from school or work. People fail to get a good night’s sleep for the reason. They are still growing and night is the time. Their bodies grow faster at the time. Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations. Body development slows down, and their health suffers in the situations. 答案没有更新 已按照定稿版修改答案 微调体例 Rules We have relative adverbs: where, when and why. The relative adverb where refers to ________, the relative adverb when refers to ________, and the relative adverb why refers to ________. Restrictive relative clauses can be rewritten as two sentences. a place a time a reason 关系副词的作用 ①连接：连接定语从句和主句 ②替代：关系副词=介词+which ③成分：在定语从句中一般作状语 用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+which”。 I still remember the day when I first came to Nanjing. e.g. Mr Black was born in the year when World WarⅡbroke out. = on which = in which 1. when 用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+which”。 This is the farm where we worked when we were young. The school where his mother teaches is in the west of the city. 2. where = on which = in which 用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+ which”。 e.g. There are several reasons why the boys should be punished. Tom couldn’t give the teacher the reason why he was late for school. 3. why = for which = for which 【拓展】 1) 当situation, case, point (地点), occasion(场合)等充当先行词，且在定语从句中作地点状语时，定语从句引导词用where；如： You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately. 你可能遇上一种情况，使你不得不立刻作 出决定。 Three hours later, our bus reached the point where the road divides. 三小时后我们的车到达路的分岔处。 2) 当point (时刻)，occasion(时刻)在定语从句中作时间状语时，定语从句引导词用when。如： We had reached the point when there was no money left. 我们曾落到身无分文的地步。 Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 我能跟孩子们待一整天的时候很少。 3) 先行词是reason或cause, 定语从句中缺状语， 用why引导；如果定语从句缺主语, 宾语或表 语，则用that或which引导。 ① Could you tell me the reason __________ he gave you yesterday? ② We’d like to know the reason _______ she didn’t accept the job. ③ He gave us a reason __________ seemed to be workable. ④ The cause _________ the car exploded has been found out. (which/that) why which/that why 关系副词 先行词 从句 成分 例句 备注 when 时间 时间 状语 She still remembered the day when (on which)she won the prize. 可用on which where 地点 地点 状语 This is the factory where (in which)his father once worked. 可用in which why 原因 原因 状语 He didn't know the reason why (for which)he was dismissed. 可用for which 对比项 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上 无逗号 有逗号 意义上 对先行词的界定，删除后主句意思不完整、不明确 对先行词的补充说明，删除后主句意思依然完整 翻译上 “……的”，限定先行词 与主句并列或是状语从句 关系词 关系代词作宾语时可以省略，关系副词一般不省略 关系词不可省略；关系词不用that；which可指代一个句子或一种情况 Complete the passage with correct relative pronouns, relative adverbs or “preposition + which” where necessary. Part B2 Complete the clause with the antecedent. Use the right relative pronoun, relative adverb or “preposition + which” to replace the antecedent. Find the antecedent. which/that when/at which where/in which which/that why/for which 关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分： 关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，应该用关系代词 在从句中作状语时，应该用关系副词 This is the factory _____________we visited last week. This is the factory ___________ he once worked. (which /that) where 为什么同一个先行词，关系词却不同？ Common interests provide rich ground. Many friendships grow from rich ground. Common interests provide rich ground ________________________________. which many friendships grow from from which many friendships grow Mary is the girl whom/that/who I borrowed a book from. Mary is the girl from whom I borrowed a book. 介词+关系代词 for the purpose at the speed be made of be proud of ①根据先行词来确定 The money _______ which you were to buy dog food is gone. He will never forget the day ____ which he failed in the exam. 介词的确定方法 with on ②根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定 We thought you were a person _______ whom we could expect good ideas. The West Lake, ____ which Hangzhou is known, is a great place. from for ③根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定 Air, ________ which man can’t live, is really important. The pen _____which he is writing now was bought yesterday. without with The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away. to in × × Are these two sentences right? 可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后 Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better . 注意： 紧跟介词后的关系代词不可省略，固定短语中的介词不可提前至关系代词前。 提问：下面两句中的介词能提前吗? Write a short passage paragraph using restrictive relative clauses where necessary. Part B3 In a society where people are under a lot of pressure, sleep problems have become very common. That is the reason why World Sleep Day is celebrated every year on the Friday of the second full week of March. Its aims are to make people understand the importance of good and healthy sleep and to draw society’s attention to sleep problems. It is a time when people have discussions and give talks about the importance of healthy sleep. Sample 【语境应用】用关系代词填空。 1. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise. 2. The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 3. Among the many dangers _________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. 5. He pointed out such an important detail about the experiment ______ we could never neglect. 6. The writer and his novels _________ you have just talked about are quite a hit with me. 7. The first thing ______ I want to dois to have a rest. whose that which/that as that that 1. We have entered into an age. In the age dreams have the best chance of coming true. We have entered into an age in which/when dreams have the best chance of coming true. 用关系副词或介词+关系代词构成的定语从句改写下列句子。 2.He told me the reason. He didn’t come here for the reason. He told me the reason for which/why he didn’t come here.  3.Self­driving is an area. In the area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. Self­driving is an area in which/where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. 4. Their child is at a stage. At this stage she can say individual words but not full sentences. Their child is at a stage at which/where she can say individual words but not full sentences. 1 This is the house_________ Shakespeare was born. 2 This is the film________________ I talked about last time. 3 I don't know the reason________he looks unhappy these days. 4 She is the person_______________ you can turn to for help. 5 I'll never forget the moment________our team won the match. 6 Give me a reason________is different from the one you gave last time. P76 C. Fill in the blanks with proper relative pronouns or adverbs where necessary. where (which /that) why (who /that) when which 7 Do you remember those days_______________we spent in that poor wooden house? 8 This is the park in________we had a picnic last Sunday. 9 I still remember the day________I travelled by plane for the first time in my life. 10 This is the museum___________we visited during our class trip. 11.They all lent a helping hand to the man_______ house had been burnt down. 12 They finally arrived at a place_______ a high tower stood. which (which /that) when that whose where 二、关系副词引导的定语从句 [特别提醒]　(1)在口语和非正式场合，when，where和why或相当于关系副词的“介词＋which”结构可用that来代替并可省略。 Do you know anywhere(that)I can get a drink? (2)why或that引导的定语从句，先行词是reason，且reason又作主句主语时，表语从句不能用because引导，而要用that引导。其句型为： The reason why...is that...或The reason that...is that... The reason why he was late for school was that he was injured in the traffic accident on his way to school. 他上学迟到的原因是上学路上他在交通事故中受伤。 The reason that he explained at the meeting was that he had to look after his mother in hospital. 他在会议上解释的原因是他不得不在医院照顾他的妈妈。 三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 He is the man who often helps me with my studies. 他就是那个经常在学习上帮助我的人。 Meeting my uncle after so many years is an unforgettable moment，which I will always treasure. 多年后又见我叔叔是一段令人难忘的经历，我将永远珍惜。 $$