精品解析：山东省德州市德城区德州市第二中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学英语试题

2022级高三上学期第一次学情检测 英语试题 第一部分 听力 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1 Why is the woman unsatisfied with the toy car? A. It’s made of metal. B. It’s of poor quality. C. It’s broken. 2. Where are the speakers? A. At a clothes store. B. At a zoo. C. At home. 3. What will the weather be like this afternoon? A Snowy. B. Sunny. C. Stormy. 4. What does Lisa think of the novel? A. It’s criticized by readers. B It’s an Italian classic. C. It’s worth reading. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. How they spend the weekend. B. Why they keep a pet. C. What games they watch. 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What will the man do today? A. Go to a museum. B. Write a report. C. Take a trip abroad. 7. What’s the most probable relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Colleagues. C. Tourist and guide. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What’s probably the man? A. An interviewer. B. An English editor. C. A language teacher. 9. What language has Emily been learning for the past three years? A. English. B. French. C. Japanese. 10. What’s Emily’s most important expectation? A. Personal growth. B. Creative thinking. C. A lively atmosphere. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. Why does the woman talk to the man? A. To ask for a lift. B. To offer advice on animals. C. To discuss means of transport. 12. Which attraction at the zoo does the man look forward to? A. Land of the Lions. B. Penguin Beach. C. Into Africa. 13 What does the woman hope to do at the zoo in the future? A. Feed animals. B. Protect wild dogs. C. Participate in scientific programs. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. What docs the man ask the woman to do? A. Have a dental X-ray. B. Open her mouth. C. Recall her dict. 15. What’s the man’s recommended way of stopping the pain? A. Getting a filling. B. Pulling out the tooth. C. Taking some medicine. 16. How much does the woman have to pay in total? A.$50. B.$300. C.$350. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What’s the most helpful way of avoiding damage to teeth? A. Stopping eating sweet food. B. Brushing teeth regularly. C. Having a yearly test. 18 When did the people start pouting water at the central square? A. At 7:30 am. B. At 8:00 am. C. At 9:00 am. 19. What was the highlight of the festival? A. Cleaning some statues. B. Pouting water at each other. C. Dancing with strangers. 20. Which of the following became an inspiration for the speaker’s new book? A. Local Dai dishes. B. Dai traditions and customs. C. Photos taken with a friend. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Orphanage Assistant Program of Volunteer with Ghana Volunteers support the children in their daily needs at the orphanage (孤儿院), helping them in their studies and guiding them. ·Typical day In the morning most of the children will be in school. Therefore volunteers have the opportunity to stay in the orphanage and do tasks like bathing, feeding, dressing and playing with the babies or to assist the teachers in the school near the orphanage. The school-going children will return to the orphanage around 1 pm. Volunteers will help to prepare lunch. The timetable for the rest of the day always includes exciting activities. To ensure success in their studies, volunteers will also take time to help children with their homework. Volunteers can choose to work in the morning or in the afternoon. ·Program fees 4 weeks (min. stay): 1,116€; 6 weeks: 1,600 €; 12 weeks: 3,056 €; 50 weeks (max. stay): 9,700 € What’s included in the fee? Airport Pickup at Kotoka International Airport Volunteers will send us their flight details and we will be at the airport waiting for their arrival. Accommodation Volunteers stay in a fully-equipped house, typically 3 or 4 to a room. Food Food will be provided for breakfast and dinner; volunteers are responsible for their own lunch. ·What’s NOT included in the fee? Flight Tickets The nearest airport is Kotoka International Airport in Accra. We assist you in finding cheap flights to Ghana. Travel Insurance Going abroad is an adventure and it is always best to be prepared. Sudden illness or injury, cancellation or theft travel insurance for Ghana provides security and is a plus to have. NOTE: Start and end dates are extremely flexible as we work with volunteers to find the best length for them while supporting the continuous nature of the program. 1. What do volunteers do in the afternoon? A. Get a rest. B. Take care of babies. C. Provide homework support. D. Work with teachers in the nearby school. 2. What can be included in the program fee? A. Flight tickets. B. Airport pickup. C. Fravel insurance. D. Everyday lunches. 3. What are volunteers encouraged to do? A. Pay the fees in full. B. Have travel insurance. C. Choose a longer service period. D. Start the program earlier in the year. B Generation Z (or Gen Z: Americans born during the late 1990s and early 2000s) are making a significant impact on the world. 62% of them say they want to start their own business or that they already have. We shouldn’t be surprised by the start-up desires of the generation that have grown up digitally connected to the wider world. They have an audience literally at their fingertips if they can come up with a persuasive content and product ecosystem that people want to buy into. Destiny Snow is one such teen. Snow and her sister grew up watching their mother own and operate her income tax and accounting business, in addition to her real estate company. “It’s much easier to believe that something can be done after seeing it done,” says Snow. “Seeing my mother overcome her difficulties and achieve her goals encouraged me to go into business for myself as well.” When Snow first launched her online store, she was surprised that her business was quite sluggish. “I anticipated many customers, especially my friends and family rushing to buy what I was selling, but that wasn’t the case. Lack of their support discouraged me at the time,” she admits. Instead of giving up, she took a break to analyze her approach. “I knew I had the ability to run a successful business; I just needed to figure out what I was doing wrong. I watched countless marketing videos, reviewed success stories, read business articles and ordered piles of business books,” she says. “Soon I realized I needed to identify my target audience and make use of social media marketing. To succeed in running a company, I have to win the hearts and minds of total strangers,” says Snow. Her realization as well as quick and proper adjustment eventually made her a successful teen entrepreneur (创业者). As more and more entrepreneurs enter the marketplace to deliver their unique products and services to the world, the opportunities to succeed will still be out there, although they’ll be harder to seize. 4. What can we learn about Generation Z from Paragraph 1? A. They are open to different views. B. They are practical and financially aware. C. They are mindful of environmental issues. D. They are easily accessible to the outside world. 5. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The educational background of Snow and her sister. B. The inspiration for Snow’s becoming an entrepreneur. C. The secret to Snow’s mother’s success in her business. D. The harmonious relationship between Snow’s family members. 6. What does the underlined word “sluggish” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Reliable. B. Slow-moving. C. Changeable. D. Long-lasting. 7. Which of the following words can best describe Snow? A. Careful and patient. B. Decisive and flexible. C. Generous and honest. D. Adventurous and innovative. C How AI oversight (监管) affects human decision-making is an important question in a world where AI plays an ever larger role in everyday life. Car drivers, financial traders and air-traffic controllers already see their decisions overruled by AI systems put in place to rapidly correct poor judgment. Doctors and judges could be next. Mr. Almog believes “tennis is one of the most visible settings where final decision fights are given to AI”. So, he and his colleagues have studied whether tennis judges could correctly call balls in or out for nearly 100,000 points played in some 700 matches worldwide, both before and after the introduction of the Hawk-Eve ball-tracking system in 2006. The AI system uses between six and ten cameras positioned around the court to create a three-dimensional representation of the ball’s movement. This can then be presented on a screen visible to players, audiences, officials and TV viewers. Players can use it to appeal against human decisions, with the AI’s judgment considered final. Bad calls from the judges are now often overturned. The latest analysis showed that the introduction of Hawk-Eye oversight has resulted in a remarkable 8% reduction in mistakes made by human officials. Most of the improvement came during the multi-shot rallies (多次击球) that followed a successful serve (发球) and return. However, when the researchers studied serves in particular, and especially in cases where the served ball landed within 20mm on either side of a line, they were surprised to see the table was turned. Before Hawk-Eye, judges were more likely to call a serve out when it was in while afterwards they were more likely to wave through balls that were actually out. Such a shift is easily understood. Human officials prefer less bothersome, overlooked faults and reputationally safer choices, despite resulting in more errors. Tennis, with clear evidence of whether a decision was right or wrong, offers a highly simplified model for AI oversight. But many of the same tendencies will be at play in fields like medicine and law, says Mr. Almog, and should be considered seriously before AI is allowed to overturn human decisions. It AI oversight is used in these fields, judges, for example, may prefer to under-accuse and doctors, on the other hand, might give over treatment. 8. Why does the author mention professionals in different fields? A. To show peoples preference for AI systems. B. To illustrate people’s different opinions on AI. C. To highlight the increasing impact of AI oversight. D. To stress the challenges of AI’s correcting poor judgment. 9. What can be inferred about the Hawk-Eye ball-tracking system? A. It leads to conflicts between players and judges. B. It helps guarantee the fairness of a match. C. It involves complex technical operations. D. It simplifies the flow of the match. 10. In what situation will judges’ error rate increase after applying the AI system? A. When the served ball hits the net. B. When players serve within the lines. C. When players make multi-shot rallies. D. When the served ball is a little off the lines. 11. What is Mr. Almog’s attitude towards introducing the AI system into the medical field? A. Cautious. B. Supportive. C. Neutral. D. Contradictory. D Here’s something that’s surprisingly common: people who strongly advocate moral or noble ideals, but regularly use them to justify attacking and mistreating others — something which is surely neither moral nor noble. Isn’t this inconsistent? How can someone loudly insist they’re a good person while behaving in ways that totally contradict this, without mentally short-circuiting in some way? The answer is that there are many psychological and neurological (神经的) processes that allow people to engage in this behaviour that, for want of a better label, we’ll call ‘virtue bullying’. A lot of virtue bullying could be seen as virtual bullying, which is to say it’s a lot easier online. We’ve all seen Facebook posts that make some simple, morally solid claim, such as “I support victims of [the latest disaster]”, which are then followed by something like “Share if you agree. I bet 97 per cent of you won’t.” Such posts are basically saying, “I’m a good, moral person ... and I’ll criticise you until you agree.” This isn’t the behaviour of a good person. But it’s not internet-specific. Wanting to protect children is a good, moral aim, but consider all the books and shows banned or attacked in the US under the cover of protecting children. Indeed, throughout history, there have been many instances where individuals who considered themselves good and moral have committed terrible acts. But why do good people treat others badly? Our brains work hard to enhance our self-esteem (自尊). A 2011 study found that an effective way to strengthen our self-esteem is to attack others, so our status (地位) becomes relatively higher. So, thinking you’re good while attacking others can be a very instinctive (本能的) process, sadly. For humans, our morals are a key aspect of our identity and an important factor in our decision-making. We’re naturally protective of our identities and decision-making. If these things are rooted in morals and beliefs, we’ll be defensive towards anyone who poses a threat to them. This can lead to what seems to be inconsistent behaviours. Ultimately, for all the explanations offered here, it should be acknowledged that some people are just not nice. How you deal with such people is up to you. 12. Why does the author raise questions in paragraph 2? A. To express his doubts. B. To present an assumption. C. To display a phenomenon. D. To introduce points for discussion. 13. What is virtue bullying? A. Advocating for noble causes online. B. Using moral ideals to justify mistreating others. C. Forcing others to agree with one’s moral claims. D. Attacking people who disagree with one’s moral beliefs. 14. What did the 2011 study find about self-esteem and attacking others? A. Attacking others boosts self-esteem. B. Self-esteem is linked with social status. C. People with higher social status attack others more often. D. Boosting self-esteem reduces the desire to attack others. 15. What role do morals play in our self-image and decision-making? A. Morals vary with them. B. Morals threaten them. C. Morals shape them. D. Morals assess them. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Finding the best person to fill a position is essential for a company. The process can be tough, from drafting a job ad to producing a shortlist of top interview candidates. _____16_____ They may rely on resumes (简历), interviews, and skills assessments to make their decisions. However, one commonly ignored aspect of the hiring process is checking character references. _____17_____ They reveal the candidates personality, work ethic, and professionalism. While resumes and interviews can give you a general idea of a candidate’s qualifications and experience, character references can offer a more comprehensive view of their suitability for the role. By speaking to individuals who worked with the candidate in the past, you can gain a better understanding of their strengths, weaknesses, and overall performance. However, research suggests reference checks have some limitations that are worth keeping in mind. _____18_____ Normally, a good selection method produces a steady evaluation of a candidate’s suitability. In other words, reliability enables an apples-to-apples comparison of each candidate. But research into reference checks found different referees tends to give different ratings to the same candidate. In addition, a candidate’s performance in a previous position may not always be relevant to the job he/she is applying for. _____19_____ In conclusion, checking references is an essential step in the hiring process that can help an employer find the best candidate for a job. _____20_____ A recent systematic review of employee selection methods suggests a combination of structured interviews, work samples, and pre-employment assessments can provide useful information on whether the candidate will be a good fit for your company culture and team dynamics. A. Inconsistency is one of the problems. B. Reference checks are popular with many employers. C. But employers shouldn’t rely only on reference checks. D. Reference checks provide valuable insights into a candidate. E. It can reveal contextual differences in candidates’ performance. F. Employers typically consider information from several different sources. G. This makes reference checks a poor indicator of a candidate’s future performance. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Twenty-five years ago, I was a fairly new school administrator. I was _____21_____ by Thomas Armstrong’s book, Awakening Genius in the Classroom. In it, he writes, “Joy is the spark that can ignite (点燃) every child’s potential genius.” _____22_____ linking genius to IQ scores or standardized test results, he offers a(n) _____23_____ perspective (视角). Combining the Greek word “genesis”, meaning “birth”, and the Latin word “genial”, signifying “joyful”, Armstrong created a novel _____24_____ of genius as “the birth of joy”. As Armstrong sees it, joy ____25____ Picasso’s creative expressions on canvases (画布) and Michael Jordan’s mid-air technique on the basketball court. While both undoubtedly spent countless hours _____26_____ their skills, joy was the _____27_____ force that pushed them towards excellence. And yet, joy is not only _____28_____ for the extraordinarily accomplished. It can also exist in common _____29_____ where a first-grader reads a book and a middle schooler solves a math puzzle. Throughout my years as a school administrator, I’ve held fast to Armstrong’s ______30______ that genius begins with joy; however, I want to ______31______ something new. Joy must be sustained by purpose. For joy to ______32______ in the face of challenge and difficulty, it must be ______33______ at a deep level. In my experience, joy continues when people recognize they have done something or are making contributions to the world. Armstrong asks us ______34______ to motivate students’ potential, and, just as ______35______, to reawaken our own joy for intellectual and personal growth. 21. A. admired B. acknowledged C. inspired D. advertised 22. A. In terms of B. With regard to C. Apart from D. Instead of 23. A. refreshing B. widespread C. conventional D. unpredictable 24. A. talent B. definition C. example D. standard 25. A. explained B. challenged C. proved D. fueled 26. A. introducing B. sharpening C. assessing D. exchanging 27. A. primary B. normal C. cultural D. flexible 28. A. tested B. supported C. reserved D. practised 29. A. values B. sense C. origin D. scenes 30. A. approach B. belief C. promise D. story 31. A. learn B. translate C. add D. investigate 32. A. move on B. put off C. stand by D. hold back 33. A. conveyed B. illustrated C. polished D. felt 34. A. writers B. parents C. educators D. pioneers 35. A. skillfully B. importantly C. positively D. surprisingly 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内的单词的正确形式。 The “loong”, a mythic figure, is a symbol of the Chinese nation. 2024 marks its year on the Chinese zodiaç (生肖年), also known ___36___ the Year of the Dragon. The Chinese people ___37___ (take) great pride in the loong since ancient times. But do you know about its origin? The Yangshao Culture dates back 5,500 to 7,000 years, ___38___ original loong patterns, such as snake dragons, pig dragons, crocodile dragons, started to appear. The Longshan period,4,000 to 5,000 years ago, was ___39___ critical stage in the formation of Chinese civilization. During this period, the unique loong patterns in the north and south ___40___ (begin) to converge (趋同), and there was a combination of crocodile patterns and snake patterns of the loong. During the Xia and Shang dynasties, ___41___ (recognize) as China’s earliest dynasties, the loong further became a symbol of national formation. The Xia people believed the loong was ___42___ (close) related to the survival of their own ethnic group. Following the Xia Dynasty, the Shang people had great enthusiasm for the loong belief, ___43___ (lead) to the creation of dragon patterns with the characteristics of birds, elephants, deer, etc. This contributed to the ___44___ (emerge) of a large number of various artworks. After thousands of years of evolution, the long is eventually sublimated (升华) into the ____45____ (spirit) and cultural symbol of the Chinese nation. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，在英国某中学作交换生。近期，你校打算整改图书馆，校长办公室向全校学生征集整改建议。请你给校长写一封邮件，提出你的建议。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Dear Principal, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best regards, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。 “Mom will be so proud of what I did.” Ethan thought as he walked past the cheering crowd towards the stage. The entire room was already applauding him, and his heart was pounding in excitement. He would receive an award in front of so many people for the first time, so Ethan was thrilled and nervous. “Congratulations, Ethan. You are amazing,” his science teacher, Mrs. Johnson, praised him, extending him the prize. A wide smile flickered (闪现) across Ethan’s face. He had secured first place in the school Science Olympiad. He was just 11, and for someone of his age, this achievement was huge. Ethan was so happy and he couldn’t wait to show his mom that he had obtained first place. However, his smile faded when he couldn’t spot his mother, Mafia, anywhere ... “All yours, child,” Mrs. Johnson smiled, pointing at the prize. “Thank you, Mrs. Johnson,” Ethan managed a smile as he accepted it. The entire room burst into applause once again, but Ethan was not concerned about it. His eyes scanned the crowd for his mother. “Where are you, Mom? You had promised me that you would come!” Holding the prize in his hands, Ethan eventually got off the stage, thinking she was late. He saw the other winners return to their parents, but he sat alone, waiting for his mother to show up. To Ethan’s discouragement, the event got over, and she never came. The prize ceremony was over and the staff were leaving. Ethan’s look was still fixed on the door. He was hoping that his mom would just burst into the auditorium (礼堂) at any moment and tell him she was extremely sorry for not making it, but that never happened. He realized that she was probably not going to show up. Ethan was really mad at his mother. “How could she miss this? I had told her again and again and she had promised to be here!” he said to himself. With his head dropping down, Ethan grabbed his backpack and stepped out of the auditorium. Paragraph 1: As Ethan was walking out of the hall Mrs. Johnson came to him hurriedly with a smartphone in her hand. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Half an hour later, Mrs. Johnson and Ethan arrived at the hospital parking lot. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2022级高三上学期第一次学情检测 英语试题 第一部分 听力 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Why is the woman unsatisfied with the toy car? A. It’s made of metal. B. It’s of poor quality. C. It’s broken. 2. Where are the speakers? A. At a clothes store. B. At a zoo. C. At home. 3. What will the weather be like this afternoon? A. Snowy. B. Sunny. C. Stormy. 4. What does Lisa think of the novel? A. It’s criticized by readers. B It’s an Italian classic. C. It’s worth reading. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. How they spend the weekend. B. Why they keep a pet. C. What games they watch. 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What will the man do today? A. Go to a museum. B. Write a report. C. Take a trip abroad. 7. What’s the most probable relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Colleagues. C. Tourist and guide. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What’s probably the man? A. An interviewer. B. An English editor. C. A language teacher. 9. What language has Emily been learning for the past three years? A. English. B. French. C. Japanese. 10. What’s Emily’s most important expectation? A. Personal growth. B. Creative thinking. C. A lively atmosphere. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. Why does the woman talk to the man? A. To ask for a lift. B. To offer advice on animals. C. To discuss means of transport. 12. Which attraction at the zoo does the man look forward to? A. Land of the Lions. B. Penguin Beach. C. Into Africa. 13. What does the woman hope to do at the zoo in the future? A. Feed animals. B. Protect wild dogs. C. Participate in scientific programs. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. What docs the man ask the woman to do? A. Have a dental X-ray. B. Open her mouth. C. Recall her dict. 15. What’s the man’s recommended way of stopping the pain? A. Getting a filling. B. Pulling out the tooth. C. Taking some medicine. 16. How much does the woman have to pay in total? A.$50. B.$300. C.$350. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What’s the most helpful way of avoiding damage to teeth? A. Stopping eating sweet food. B. Brushing teeth regularly. C. Having a yearly test. 18. When did the people start pouting water at the central square? A. At 7:30 am. B. At 8:00 am. C. At 9:00 am. 19. What was the highlight of the festival? A Cleaning some statues. B. Pouting water at each other. C. Dancing with strangers. 20. Which of the following became an inspiration for the speaker’s new book? A. Local Dai dishes. B. Dai traditions and customs. C. Photos taken with a friend. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Orphanage Assistant Program of Volunteer with Ghana Volunteers support the children in their daily needs at the orphanage (孤儿院), helping them in their studies and guiding them. ·Typical day In the morning most of the children will be in school. Therefore volunteers have the opportunity to stay in the orphanage and do tasks like bathing, feeding, dressing and playing with the babies or to assist the teachers in the school near the orphanage. The school-going children will return to the orphanage around 1 pm. Volunteers will help to prepare lunch. The timetable for the rest of the day always includes exciting activities. To ensure success in their studies, volunteers will also take time to help children with their homework. Volunteers can choose to work in the morning or in the afternoon. ·Program fees 4 weeks (min. stay): 1,116€; 6 weeks: 1,600 €; 12 weeks: 3,056 €; 50 weeks (max. stay): 9,700 € What’s included in the fee? Airport Pickup at Kotoka International Airport Volunteers will send us their flight details and we will be at the airport waiting for their arrival. Accommodation Volunteers stay in a fully-equipped house, typically 3 or 4 to a room. Food Food will be provided for breakfast and dinner; volunteers are responsible for their own lunch. ·What’s NOT included in the fee? Flight Tickets The nearest airport is Kotoka International Airport in Accra. We assist you in finding cheap flights to Ghana. Travel Insurance Going abroad is an adventure and it is always best to be prepared. Sudden illness or injury, cancellation or theft travel insurance for Ghana provides security and is a plus to have. NOTE: Start and end dates are extremely flexible as we work with volunteers to find the best length for them while supporting the continuous nature of the program. 1. What do volunteers do in the afternoon? A. Get a rest. B. Take care of babies. C Provide homework support. D. Work with teachers in the nearby school. 2. What can be included in the program fee? A. Flight tickets. B. Airport pickup. C. Fravel insurance. D. Everyday lunches. 3. What are volunteers encouraged to do? A. Pay the fees in full. B. Have travel insurance. C. Choose a longer service period. D. Start the program earlier in the year. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要内容是加纳孤儿院助理项目招募志愿者，提供住宿与部分餐饮，费用不含机票与保险。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Typical day”部分中的句子，“To ensure success in their studies, volunteers will also take time to help children with their homework.(为了确保他们在学习上的成功，志愿者也会花时间帮助孩子们做家庭作业)”可知，志愿者下午的一项重要任务是提供家庭作业支持。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据“What’s included in the fee?”部分中的句子，“Airport Pickup at Kotoka International Airport(在Kotoka国际机场接机)”可知，机场接送服务包含在费用中。故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据“What’s NOT included in the fee?”部分中的“Travel Insurance”的句子“Sudden illness or injury, cancellation or theft travel insurance for Ghana provides security and is a plus to have.(突然生病或受伤、取消或盗窃，加纳的旅游保险提供了安全保障，拥有一份是额外的好处)”可推知，虽然旅游保险不包含在费用中，但是志愿者被鼓励要有旅游保险。故选B项。 B Generation Z (or Gen Z: Americans born during the late 1990s and early 2000s) are making a significant impact on the world. 62% of them say they want to start their own business or that they already have. We shouldn’t be surprised by the start-up desires of the generation that have grown up digitally connected to the wider world. They have an audience literally at their fingertips if they can come up with a persuasive content and product ecosystem that people want to buy into. Destiny Snow is one such teen. Snow and her sister grew up watching their mother own and operate her income tax and accounting business, in addition to her real estate company. “It’s much easier to believe that something can be done after seeing it done,” says Snow. “Seeing my mother overcome her difficulties and achieve her goals encouraged me to go into business for myself as well.” When Snow first launched her online store, she was surprised that her business was quite sluggish. “I anticipated many customers, especially my friends and family rushing to buy what I was selling, but that wasn’t the case. Lack of their support discouraged me at the time,” she admits. Instead of giving up, she took a break to analyze her approach. “I knew I had the ability to run a successful business; I just needed to figure out what I was doing wrong. I watched countless marketing videos, reviewed success stories, read business articles and ordered piles of business books,” she says. “Soon I realized I needed to identify my target audience and make use of social media marketing. To succeed in running a company, I have to win the hearts and minds of total strangers,” says Snow. Her realization as well as quick and proper adjustment eventually made her a successful teen entrepreneur (创业者). As more and more entrepreneurs enter the marketplace to deliver their unique products and services to the world, the opportunities to succeed will still be out there, although they’ll be harder to seize. 4. What can we learn about Generation Z from Paragraph 1? A. They are open to different views. B. They are practical and financially aware. C. They are mindful of environmental issues. D. They are easily accessible to the outside world. 5. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The educational background of Snow and her sister. B. The inspiration for Snow’s becoming an entrepreneur. C. The secret to Snow’s mother’s success in her business. D. The harmonious relationship between Snow’s family members. 6. What does the underlined word “sluggish” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Reliable. B. Slow-moving. C. Changeable. D. Long-lasting. 7. Which of the following words can best describe Snow? A. Careful and patient. B. Decisive and flexible. C. Generous and honest. D. Adventurous and innovative. 【答案】4. D 5. B 6. B 7. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍Z代人的特点及Snow的创业经历，展示年轻一代的创业精神。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We shouldn’t be surprised by the start-up desires of the generation that have grown up digitally connected to the wider world.（我们不应该对这一代人的创业愿望感到惊讶，因为他们是在和更广阔的世界相连的数字世界中成长起来的。）”可知，Z代人既然是和数字世界一起成长起来，那么他们是很容易接触到外面的世界。故选D项。 【5题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Snow and her sister grew up watching their mother own and operate her income tax and accounting business, in addition to her real estate company. “It’s much easier to believe that something can be done after seeing it done,” says Snow. “Seeing my mother overcome her difficulties and achieve her goals encouraged me to go into business for myself as well.”(Snow 和她的妹妹在看着母亲经营自己的所得税和会计业务以及房地产公司长大。Snow 说：‘看到事情完成后，相信某事可以完成要容易得多。看到母亲克服困难并实现目标鼓励我也自己做生意。’)”可知，这一段主要讲述了Snow成为企业家的灵感来源。故选B项。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“When Snow first launched her online store, she was surprised that her business was quite sluggish.（当Snow首次推出她的网店时，她惊讶地发现她的生意相当____。）”以及划线词后面的“I anticipated many customers, especially my friends and family rushing to buy what I was selling, but that wasn’t the case.(我预计会有很多顾客，尤其是我的朋友和家人，争相购买我卖的东西，但事实并非如此。)”可知，预计会有很多顾客，但事实并非如此，说明最开始生意惨淡，进展缓慢，选项B的含义为“迟缓的，缓慢的”，符合语境。故选B项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Instead of giving up, she took a break to analyze her approach.（她没有放弃，而是休息了一下来分析自己的方法。）”以及第四段中““I knew I had the ability to run a successful business; I just needed to figure out what I was doing wrong. I watched countless marketing videos, reviewed success stories, read business articles and ordered piles of business books,” she says. “Soon I realized I needed to identify my target audience and make use of social media marketing. To succeed in running a company, I have to win the hearts and minds of total strangers,” says Snow. Her realization as well as quick and proper adjustment eventually made her a successful teen entrepreneur (创业者).(‘我知道我有能力经营一家成功的企业；我只是想知道我做错了什么。我看了无数营销视频，回顾了成功案例，阅读了商业文章，还订购了成堆的商业书籍。’她说。‘很快我意识到我需要确定我的目标受众，并利用社交媒体营销。为了成功经营一家公司，我必须赢得陌生人的心。”斯诺说。她的意识和迅速而适当的调整最终使她成为成功的青少年创业者。)”对她如何调整策略的描述，可以看出Snow是一个果断且灵活的人。故选B项。 C How AI oversight (监管) affects human decision-making is an important question in a world where AI plays an ever larger role in everyday life. Car drivers, financial traders and air-traffic controllers already see their decisions overruled by AI systems put in place to rapidly correct poor judgment. Doctors and judges could be next. Mr. Almog believes “tennis is one of the most visible settings where final decision fights are given to AI”. So, he and his colleagues have studied whether tennis judges could correctly call balls in or out for nearly 100,000 points played in some 700 matches worldwide, both before and after the introduction of the Hawk-Eve ball-tracking system in 2006. The AI system uses between six and ten cameras positioned around the court to create a three-dimensional representation of the ball’s movement. This can then be presented on a screen visible to players, audiences, officials and TV viewers. Players can use it to appeal against human decisions, with the AI’s judgment considered final. Bad calls from the judges are now often overturned. The latest analysis showed that the introduction of Hawk-Eye oversight has resulted in a remarkable 8% reduction in mistakes made by human officials. Most of the improvement came during the multi-shot rallies (多次击球) that followed a successful serve (发球) and return. However, when the researchers studied serves in particular, and especially in cases where the served ball landed within 20mm on either side of a line, they were surprised to see the table was turned. Before Hawk-Eye, judges were more likely to call a serve out when it was in while afterwards they were more likely to wave through balls that were actually out. Such a shift is easily understood. Human officials prefer less bothersome, overlooked faults and reputationally safer choices, despite resulting in more errors. Tennis, with clear evidence of whether a decision was right or wrong, offers a highly simplified model for AI oversight. But many of the same tendencies will be at play in fields like medicine and law, says Mr. Almog, and should be considered seriously before AI is allowed to overturn human decisions. It AI oversight is used in these fields, judges, for example, may prefer to under-accuse and doctors, on the other hand, might give over treatment. 8. Why does the author mention professionals in different fields? A. To show peoples preference for AI systems. B. To illustrate people’s different opinions on AI. C. To highlight the increasing impact of AI oversight. D. To stress the challenges of AI’s correcting poor judgment. 9. What can be inferred about the Hawk-Eye ball-tracking system? A. It leads to conflicts between players and judges. B. It helps guarantee the fairness of a match. C. It involves complex technical operations. D. It simplifies the flow of the match. 10. In what situation will judges’ error rate increase after applying the AI system? A. When the served ball hits the net. B. When players serve within the lines. C. When players make multi-shot rallies. D. When the served ball is a little off the lines. 11. What is Mr. Almog’s attitude towards introducing the AI system into the medical field? A. Cautious. B. Supportive. C. Neutral. D. Contradictory. 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“AI监管如何影响人类决策”这一主题，通过具体实例（如网球比赛中的鹰眼系统）来阐述AI在日常生活中的应用及其对人类决策方式的影响，同时还涉及了医学和法律等领域可能面临的挑战和考虑因素。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“How AI oversight (监管) affects human decision-making is an important question in a world where AI plays an ever larger role in everyday life. Car drivers, financial traders and air-traffic controllers already see their decisions overruled by AI systems put in place to rapidly correct poor judgment. Doctors and judges could be next.(在人工智能（AI）在日常生活中扮演越来越重要角色的世界里，AI监管如何影响人类决策是一个重要问题。汽车驾驶员、金融交易员和空中交通管制员已经发现自己的决策被用来迅速纠正错误判断的AI系统推翻。接下来可能轮到医生和法官了。)”可知，作者通过提到汽车驾驶、金融交易、空中交通管制、网球等不同领域中的专业人员，强调AI正在日益广泛地融入日常生活的各个方面和专业领域，其影响越来越大。故选C。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“So, he and his colleagues have studied whether tennis judges could correctly call balls in or out for nearly 100,000 points played in some 700 matches worldwide, both before and after the introduction of the Hawk-Eve ball-tracking system in 2006. The AI system uses between six and ten cameras positioned around the court to create a three-dimensional representation of the ball’s movement. This can then be presented on a screen visible to players, audiences, officials and TV viewers. Players can use it to appeal against human decisions, with the AI’s judgment considered final. Bad calls from the judges are now often overturned.(因此，他和他同事研究了在2006年引入鹰眼球追踪系统前后，网球裁判能否正确判断世界各地约700场比赛中近10万个球是界内还是界外。该AI系统使用分布在球场周围的六到十台摄像机来创建球运动的三维表示。然后，这可以在屏幕上显示给球员、观众、官员和电视观众看。球员可以利用它来对人类裁判的判决提出上诉，而AI的判决是最终的。现在，裁判的错误判决经常被推翻。)”可知，Hawk-Eye系统有助于解决争议，并基于准确的数据做出决定，从而有助于保证比赛的公平性。故选B。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The latest analysis showed that the introduction of Hawk-Eye oversight has resulted in a remarkable 8% reduction in mistakes made by human officials. (最新分析显示，鹰眼监督的引入使人类裁判的错误显著减少了8%。)”和“However, when the researchers studied serves in particular, and especially in cases where the served ball landed within 20mm on either side of a line, they were surprised to see the table was turned. Before Hawk-Eye, judges were more likely to call a serve out when it was in while afterwards they were more likely to wave through balls that were actually out.(然而，当研究人员特别研究发球，特别是当发球落在界线两侧20毫米以内的情况时，他们惊讶地发现情况发生了逆转。在鹰眼系统引入之前，裁判在球在界内时更可能判球出界，而在其引入之后，他们更可能放过实际上出界的球。)”可知，AI系统在处理球只是稍微在界内或界外时会遇到困难，这会导致裁判的错误率增加。这种情况特别适用于发球稍微偏离边线时。故选D。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But many of the same tendencies will be at play in fields like medicine and law, says Mr. Almog, and should be considered seriously before AI is allowed to overturn human decisions. It AI oversight is used in these fields, judges, for example, may prefer to under-accuse and doctors, on the other hand, might give over treatment.(但Almog表示，在医学和法律等领域也会出现许多相同的倾向，在允许AI推翻人类决策之前，应该认真对待这些问题。如果AI监管被用于这些领域，例如，法官可能会倾向于少定罪，而医生则可能会过度治疗。)”可知，Almog认为在医学和法律等领域也会出现许多相同的倾向，在允许AI推翻人类决策之前，应该认真对待这些问题。这表明Almog先生认为，在网球领域观察到的相同趋势也可能出现在医学等领域，因此他对允许AI在这些领域推翻人类决策持谨慎态度。故选A。 D Here’s something that’s surprisingly common: people who strongly advocate moral or noble ideals, but regularly use them to justify attacking and mistreating others — something which is surely neither moral nor noble. Isn’t this inconsistent? How can someone loudly insist they’re a good person while behaving in ways that totally contradict this, without mentally short-circuiting in some way? The answer is that there are many psychological and neurological (神经的) processes that allow people to engage in this behaviour that, for want of a better label, we’ll call ‘virtue bullying’. A lot of virtue bullying could be seen as virtual bullying, which is to say it’s a lot easier online. We’ve all seen Facebook posts that make some simple, morally solid claim, such as “I support victims of [the latest disaster]”, which are then followed by something like “Share if you agree. I bet 97 per cent of you won’t.” Such posts are basically saying, “I’m a good, moral person ... and I’ll criticise you until you agree.” This isn’t the behaviour of a good person. But it’s not internet-specific. Wanting to protect children is a good, moral aim, but consider all the books and shows banned or attacked in the US under the cover of protecting children. Indeed, throughout history, there have been many instances where individuals who considered themselves good and moral have committed terrible acts. But why do good people treat others badly? Our brains work hard to enhance our self-esteem (自尊). A 2011 study found that an effective way to strengthen our self-esteem is to attack others, so our status (地位) becomes relatively higher. So, thinking you’re good while attacking others can be a very instinctive (本能的) process, sadly. For humans, our morals are a key aspect of our identity and an important factor in our decision-making. We’re naturally protective of our identities and decision-making. If these things are rooted in morals and beliefs, we’ll be defensive towards anyone who poses a threat to them. This can lead to what seems to be inconsistent behaviours. Ultimately, for all the explanations offered here, it should be acknowledged that some people are just not nice. How you deal with such people is up to you. 12. Why does the author raise questions in paragraph 2? A. To express his doubts. B. To present an assumption. C. To display a phenomenon. D. To introduce points for discussion. 13. What is virtue bullying? A. Advocating for noble causes online. B. Using moral ideals to justify mistreating others. C. Forcing others to agree with one’s moral claims. D. Attacking people who disagree with one’s moral beliefs. 14. What did the 2011 study find about self-esteem and attacking others? A. Attacking others boosts self-esteem. B. Self-esteem is linked with social status. C. People with higher social status attack others more often. D. Boosting self-esteem reduces the desire to attack others. 15. What role do morals play in our self-image and decision-making? A. Morals vary with them. B. Morals threaten them. C. Morals shape them. D. Morals assess them. 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章针对一个社会现象——“美德欺凌”进行了分析和讨论，提出了作者的观点和看法，并通过论据（如网络上的例子、历史上的事件、心理学研究等）来支持其观点。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Isn’t this inconsistent? How can someone loudly insist they’re a good person while behaving in ways that totally contradict this, without mentally short-circuiting in some way?(这难道不是自相矛盾吗？一个人如何能大声宣称自己是好人，同时又做出完全违背这一点的行为，而不会在心理上出现某种短路呢？)”以及第三段“The answer is that there are many psychological and neurological (神经的) processes that allow people to engage in this behaviour that, for want of a better label, we’ll call ‘virtue bullying’.(答案是，有许多心理和神经过程允许人们参与这种行为，由于缺乏更好的标签，我们称之为“美德欺凌”。)”可知，在第二段中，作者通过提出问题来引导读者思考一个矛盾的现象，即有人声称自己是好人但行为却与之相悖。这种提问方式旨在引入接下来要讨论的点，即为什么会出现这种不一致的行为，以及人们是如何在心理上处理这种矛盾的。因此，作者的目的是引出讨论点。故选D。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Here’s something that’s surprisingly common: people who strongly advocate moral or noble ideals, but regularly use them to justify attacking and mistreating others — something which is surely neither moral nor noble.(这里有件令人惊讶的常事：一些人强烈倡导道德或崇高的理想，却经常用这些理想来为自己的攻击和虐待行为辩护——这显然既不道德也不崇高。)”以及第四段“We’ve all seen Facebook posts that make some simple, morally solid claim, such as “I support victims of [the latest disaster]”, which are then followed by something like “Share if you agree. I bet 97 per cent of you won’t.”(我们都见过脸书上的帖子，这些帖子会做出一些简单、道德上站得住脚的声明，比如“我支持[最新灾难]的受害者”，然后附上类似“如果你同意就分享。我敢打赌你们97%的人都不会。”这样的内容。)”可知，“Virtue bullying”指的是那些强烈倡导道德或崇高理想，但却经常用这些理想来为自己的攻击和虐待行为辩护的人。换句话说，他们利用道德或崇高的理念来为自己的不当行为寻找合理性，即使这些行为并不道德也不崇高。故选B。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第六段“A 2011 study found that an effective way to strengthen our self-esteem is to attack others, so our status (地位) becomes relatively higher. So, thinking you’re good while attacking others can be a very instinctive (本能的) process, sadly.(2011年的一项研究发现，攻击他人是加强自尊的有效方式，因此我们的地位就会相对提高。因此，可悲的是，认为自己是好人的同时攻击他人可能是一种非常本能的过程。)”可知，2011年的研究结果表明，攻击他人可以作为一种提升自尊的手段，同时指出这种行为背后的本能性。故选A。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第七段“For humans, our morals are a key aspect of our identity and an important factor in our decision-making. We’re naturally protective of our identities and decision-making.(对于人类来说，道德是我们身份的一个重要方面，也是我们决策的一个重要因素。)”可知，道德塑造了我们的自我认知和决策过程。故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Finding the best person to fill a position is essential for a company. The process can be tough, from drafting a job ad to producing a shortlist of top interview candidates. _____16_____ They may rely on resumes (简历), interviews, and skills assessments to make their decisions. However, one commonly ignored aspect of the hiring process is checking character references. _____17_____ They reveal the candidates personality, work ethic, and professionalism. While resumes and interviews can give you a general idea of a candidate’s qualifications and experience, character references can offer a more comprehensive view of their suitability for the role. By speaking to individuals who worked with the candidate in the past, you can gain a better understanding of their strengths, weaknesses, and overall performance. However, research suggests reference checks have some limitations that are worth keeping in mind. _____18_____ Normally, a good selection method produces a steady evaluation of a candidate’s suitability. In other words, reliability enables an apples-to-apples comparison of each candidate. But research into reference checks found different referees tends to give different ratings to the same candidate. In addition, a candidate’s performance in a previous position may not always be relevant to the job he/she is applying for. _____19_____ In conclusion, checking references is an essential step in the hiring process that can help an employer find the best candidate for a job. _____20_____ A recent systematic review of employee selection methods suggests a combination of structured interviews, work samples, and pre-employment assessments can provide useful information on whether the candidate will be a good fit for your company culture and team dynamics. A. Inconsistency is one of the problems. B. Reference checks are popular with many employers. C. But employers shouldn’t rely only on reference checks. D. Reference checks provide valuable insights into a candidate. E. It can reveal contextual differences in candidates’ performance. F. Employers typically consider information from several different sources. G. This makes reference checks a poor indicator of a candidate’s future performance. 【答案】16. F 17. D 18. A 19. G 20. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了聘用人才时会使用背景调查的方法以及这一方法存在的问题。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Finding the best person to fill a position is essential for a company. The process can be tough, from drafting a job ad to producing a shortlist of top interview candidates.(找到一个职位的最佳人选对公司来说至关重要。这个过程可能很艰难，从起草招聘广告到产生最佳面试候选人的候选名单)”以及后文“They may rely on resumes, interviews, and skills assessments to make their decisions.(他们可能会依靠简历、面试和技能评估来做决定)”可知，后文主要列举了雇主会参考的一些候选人资料来源，故F选项“雇主通常会考虑来自几个不同来源的信息”符合语境，故选F。 【17题详解】 根据后文“They reveal the candidates personality, work ethic, and professionalism. While resumes and interviews can give you a general idea of a candidate’s qualifications and experience, character references can offer a more comprehensive view of their suitability for the role. By speaking to individuals who worked with the candidate in the past, you can gain a better understanding of their strengths, weaknesses, and overall performance.(它们揭示了候选人的个性、职业道德和专业精神。简历和面试可以让你对候选人的资历和经验有一个大概的了解，而背景调查可以让你更全面地了解他们是否适合这个职位。通过与过去曾与候选人共事过的人交谈，你可以更好地了解他们的优点、缺点和整体表现)”可知，后文主要介绍了背景调查方法的一些优点，即提供了对候选人一些有价值的见解，D选项中Reference checks对应后文They。故D选项“背景调查提供了对候选人有价值的见解”符合语境，故选D。 【18题详解】 根据上文“However, research suggests reference checks have some limitations that are worth keeping in mind.(然而，研究表明，背景调查有一些值得记住的局限性)”以及后文“But research into reference checks found different referees tends to give different ratings to the same candidate.(但对背景调查的研究发现，不同的推荐人往往会对同一名候选人给出不同的评分)”可知，后文提到不同的推荐人往往会对同一名候选人给出不同的评分，即存在评价不一致的问题，故A选项“不一致是问题之一”符合语境，故选A。 【19题详解】 根据上文“In addition, a candidate’s performance in a previous position may not always be relevant to the job he/ she is applying for.(此外，应聘者在上一份工作中的表现可能并不总是与他/她申请的工作相关)”可知，上文提到应聘者在上一份工作中的表现可能并不总是与他/她申请的工作相关，即过去的经历无法代表将来的表现，本句承接上文，总结这一问题，故G选项“这使得背景调查不能很好地反映候选人未来的表现”符合语境，故选G。 【20题详解】 根据上文“In conclusion, checking references is an essential step in the hiring process that can help an employer find the best candidate for a job.(总之，背景调查是招聘过程中必不可少的一步，可以帮助雇主找到最适合工作的候选人)”以及后文“A recent systematic review of employee selection methods suggests a combination of structured interviews, work samples, and pre-employment assessments can provide useful information on whether the candidate will be a good fit for your company culture and team dynamics.(最近一项对员工选拔方法的系统回顾表明，将结构化面试、工作样本和入职前评估相结合，可以提供有用的信息，判断候选人是否适合你的公司文化和团队动态)”可知，上文提到了背景调查，后文提到了要把有用的信息进行结合，说明不能只依赖背景调查，与上文构成转折关系，故C选项“但是雇主不应该只依赖背景调查”符合语境，故选C。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Twenty-five years ago, I was a fairly new school administrator. I was _____21_____ by Thomas Armstrong’s book, Awakening Genius in the Classroom. In it, he writes, “Joy is the spark that can ignite (点燃) every child’s potential genius.” _____22_____ linking genius to IQ scores or standardized test results, he offers a(n) _____23_____ perspective (视角). Combining the Greek word “genesis”, meaning “birth”, and the Latin word “genial”, signifying “joyful”, Armstrong created a novel _____24_____ of genius as “the birth of joy”. As Armstrong sees it, joy ____25____ Picasso’s creative expressions on canvases (画布) and Michael Jordan’s mid-air technique on the basketball court. While both undoubtedly spent countless hours _____26_____ their skills, joy was the _____27_____ force that pushed them towards excellence. And yet, joy is not only _____28_____ for the extraordinarily accomplished. It can also exist in common _____29_____ where a first-grader reads a book and a middle schooler solves a math puzzle. Throughout my years as a school administrator, I’ve held fast to Armstrong’s ______30______ that genius begins with joy; however, I want to ______31______ something new. Joy must be sustained by purpose. For joy to ______32______ in the face of challenge and difficulty, it must be ______33______ at a deep level. In my experience, joy continues when people recognize they have done something or are making contributions to the world. Armstrong asks us ______34______ to motivate students’ potential, and, just as ______35______, to reawaken our own joy for intellectual and personal growth. 21 A. admired B. acknowledged C. inspired D. advertised 22. A. In terms of B. With regard to C. Apart from D. Instead of 23. A. refreshing B. widespread C. conventional D. unpredictable 24. A. talent B. definition C. example D. standard 25. A. explained B. challenged C. proved D. fueled 26. A. introducing B. sharpening C. assessing D. exchanging 27. A. primary B. normal C. cultural D. flexible 28. A. tested B. supported C. reserved D. practised 29. A. values B. sense C. origin D. scenes 30. A. approach B. belief C. promise D. story 31. A. learn B. translate C. add D. investigate 32. A. move on B. put off C. stand by D. hold back 33. A. conveyed B. illustrated C. polished D. felt 34. A. writers B. parents C. educators D. pioneers 35. A. skillfully B. importantly C. positively D. surprisingly 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. C 33. D 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文讲述了作者作为一名学校管理员，受到Thomas Armstrong著作《唤醒教室中的天才》的启发，认识到喜悦对于激发儿童潜在才能的重要性。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我被Thomas Armstrong的书《唤醒教室中的天才》所启发。A. admired敬佩；B. acknowledged承认；C. inspired启发；D. advertised宣传。 根据本文最后的句子“Armstrong asks us ___14___ to motivate students’ potential, and, just as __15__, to reawaken our own joy for intellectual and personal growth.”可知，Armstrong要求我们激发学生的潜能并且重新唤醒我们自己对智力和个人成长的喜悦，因此“我”因为这本书受到了某种积极的“影响，启发”最为合适。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析句意：他没有将天才与智商分数或标准化测试结果联系起来，而是提供了一种令人耳目一新的视角。A. In terms of就……而言；B. With regard to关于；C. Apart from除了；D. Instead of代替。 根据前文的“Joy is the spark that can ignite every child’s potential genius.”可知，Armstrong提出了一个新的观点，而不是传统的IQ分数或标准化测试，这里强调的是Armstrong不同于传统的观点。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他没有将天才与智商分数或标准化测试结果联系起来，而是提供了一种令人耳目一新的视角。A. refreshing令人耳目一新的；B. widespread广泛传播的；C. conventional传统的；D.unpredictable不可预测的。 根据上文的“Joy is the spark that can ignite every child’s potential genius.”，可知Armstrong的观点不同于传统，因此是“耳目一新”的。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：结合希腊语单词“genesis”，意思是“出生”，拉丁语单词“和蔼”，意为“快乐”，Armstrong创造了一种天才的新定义——“喜悦的诞生”。A. talent天才；B. definition定义；C. example例子；D. standard标准。根据本句中的“the birth of joy”可知，“喜悦的诞生”是Armstrong对天才的新定义。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：按照Armstrong的看法，喜悦点燃了毕加索在画布上的创作表达和迈克尔·乔丹在篮球场上的空中技巧。A. explained解释；B. challenged挑战；C. proved证明；D. fueled点燃。根据前文“Joy is the spark”，可知这里指的是喜悦作为灵感的火花，即“点燃”毕加索的创作表达和迈克尔·乔丹的空中技巧。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查动名词词义辨析。句意：虽然他们都无疑花费了无数的时间来磨练他们的技能，然而，喜悦是推动他们走向卓越的主要力量。A. introducing介绍；B. sharpening锐化，磨练；C. assessing评估；D. exchanging交换。根据前文提到“both undoubtedly spent countless hours”，可知这里指的是花无数的时间来磨练技能。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然他们都无疑花费了无数的时间来磨练他们的技能，然而，喜悦是推动他们走向卓越的主要力量。A. primary主要的；B. normal正常的；C. cultural文化的；D. flexible灵活的。根据下文的“that pushed them towards excellence”，可知这里指的是主要的动力。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，喜悦不仅仅是为那些非凡成就的人所保留的。A. tested测试；B. supported支持；C. reserved保留；D. practised实践。根据下文的“also exist in”可知，这里指的是不仅仅限于某些人，即不仅仅是为那些非凡成就的人所保留的。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它也可以存在于一年级学生阅读书籍和中学生解决数学难题的场景中。A. values价值；B. sense感觉；C. origin起源；D. scenes场景。 根据下文的“where a first-grader reads a book and a middle schooler solves a math puzzle”可知，这里指的是一年级学生阅读书籍和中学生解决数学难题的“场景”。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我担任学校管理人员的这些年里，我一直坚信Armstrong的观点，即天才是从喜悦开始的。A. approach方法；B. belief信念；C. promise承诺；D. story故事。根据下文的“genius begins with joy”，可知作者坚信的是“天才始于喜悦”这一信念。 故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我想补充一点新的东西。A. learn学习；B. translate翻译；C. add添加；D. investigate调查。根据本句中的“however”和“something new”可知，这里作者是想增加一点新的想法。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：为了让喜悦在面对挑战和困难时继续存在，它必须在深层次上被感受到。A. move on继续前进；B. put off推迟；C. stand by坚守；D. hold back抑制。根据下文的“joy continues”可知，这里指的是喜悦需要持续存在，即坚守。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了让喜悦在面对挑战和困难时继续存在，它必须在深层次上被感受到。A. conveyed传达；B. illustrated描述；C. polished磨光；D. felt感受到。 根据上文的“Joy must be sustained by purpose”可知，作者提到喜悦必须故意地保持，即喜悦能被感受到。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Armstrong要求我们作为教育工作者激发学生的潜能，并且，同样重要的是，重新唤醒我们自己对智力和个人成长的喜悦。A. writers作家；B. parents父母；C. educators教育工作者；D. pioneers先驱。根据本句中的“motivate students’ potential”，可知这里的“我们”指的是教育工作者。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Armstrong要求我们作为教育工作者激发学生的潜能，并且，同样重要的是，重新唤醒我们自己对智力和个人成长的喜悦。A. skillfully熟练地；B. importantly重要地；C. positively积极地；D. surprisingly惊讶地。根据上文的“motivate students’ potential”可知，这里强调“重新唤醒我们自己对智力和个人成长的喜悦”和“激发学生的潜能”同等的重要。故选B项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内的单词的正确形式。 The “loong”, a mythic figure, is a symbol of the Chinese nation. 2024 marks its year on the Chinese zodiaç (生肖年), also known ___36___ the Year of the Dragon. The Chinese people ___37___ (take) great pride in the loong since ancient times. But do you know about its origin? The Yangshao Culture dates back 5,500 to 7,000 years, ___38___ original loong patterns, such as snake dragons, pig dragons, crocodile dragons, started to appear. The Longshan period,4,000 to 5,000 years ago, was ___39___ critical stage in the formation of Chinese civilization. During this period, the unique loong patterns in the north and south ___40___ (begin) to converge (趋同), and there was a combination of crocodile patterns and snake patterns of the loong. During the Xia and Shang dynasties, ___41___ (recognize) as China’s earliest dynasties, the loong further became a symbol of national formation. The Xia people believed the loong was ___42___ (close) related to the survival of their own ethnic group. Following the Xia Dynasty, the Shang people had great enthusiasm for the loong belief, ___43___ (lead) to the creation of dragon patterns with the characteristics of birds, elephants, deer, etc. This contributed to the ___44___ (emerge) of a large number of various artworks. After thousands of years of evolution, the long is eventually sublimated (升华) into the ____45____ (spirit) and cultural symbol of the Chinese nation. 【答案】36. as 37. have taken 38. when 39. a 40. began 41. recognized 42. closely 43. leading 44. emergence 45. spiritual 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国龙的起源、发展历程以及在中国文化中的地位和象征意义。 【36题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：2024年是中国农历龙年，也被称为龙年。短语：(be) known as，意为“被称作……”，符合句意。故填as。 【37题详解】 考查时态。句意：自古以来，中国人民就对龙深感自豪。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“since ancient times”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“the Chinese people”，复数，助动词用have。故填have taken。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：仰韶文化距今已有5500至7000年的历史，当时开始出现原始的龙图案，如蛇龙、猪龙、鳄鱼龙等。这里为非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词为“5,500 to 7,000 years”，在非限制性定语从句中担当时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故填when。 【39题详解】 考查冠词。句意：距今4000至5000年的龙山时期是中国文明形成的关键时期。修饰可数名词stage单数形式，表示泛指，用不定冠词，空后critical是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 【40题详解】 考查时态。句意：在这一时期，南北地区独特的龙图案开始趋同，龙图案中的鳄鱼图案和蛇图案开始融合。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“during this period”可知，本句时态为一般过去时。故填began。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在夏商时期，即中国公认的最早朝代，龙进一步成为国家形成的象征。非谓语动词担当定语，“the Xia and Shang dynasties”和动词“recognize”之间为逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填recognized。 【42题详解】 考查副词。句意：夏人认为龙与自身种族的生存息息相关。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词形式修饰“related”，意为“紧密地”。故填closely。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：夏朝之后，商朝人对龙信仰充满热情，从而创造了具有鸟类、大象、鹿等特征的龙图案。非谓语动词担当结果状语，表示上文阐述内容所产生的自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式。故填leading。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：这促进了大量各种艺术作品的涌现。空处为名词形式担当宾语。故填emergence。 【45题详解】 考查形容词。句意：经过数千年演变，龙最终升华为中华民族的精神文化象征。空处修饰空后的名词“symbol”，用所给词的形容词形式spiritual。故填spiritual。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，在英国某中学作交换生。近期，你校打算整改图书馆，校长办公室向全校学生征集整改建议。请你给校长写一封邮件，提出你的建议。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Dear Principal, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best regards, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Principal, I am Li Hua, an exchange student at our school. I would like to share some suggestions regarding the upcoming library renovation. Firstly, it would be beneficial to designate separate areas for reading, borrowing books, and completing assignments to enhance efficiency. Additionally, consider increasing the seating capacity and replacing the chairs with ones featuring built-in storage compartments beneath, which will provide a convenient space for students to store their backpacks, ensuring a tidy and functional environment for all. Thank you for considering these ideas. I look forward to witnessing improvements in our school library. Best regards, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给校长写一封邮件，提出关于整改图书馆的建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 建议：suggestion→advice 取代：replace→take place of 此外：additionally→besides 考虑：consider→take into account 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Firstly, it would be beneficial to designate separate areas for reading, borrowing books, and completing assignments to enhance efficiency. 拓展句：Firstly, it would be so beneficial to designate separate areas for reading, borrowing books, and completing assignments that it can enhance efficiency. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Firstly, it would be beneficial to designate separate areas for reading, borrowing books, and completing assignments to enhance efficiency. (运用了动名词作宾语) [高分句型2] Additionally, consider increasing the seating capacity and replacing the chairs with ones featuring built-in storage compartments beneath, which will provide a convenient space for students to store their backpacks, ensuring a tidy and functional environment for all. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句和现在分词作状语) 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。 “Mom will be so proud of what I did.” Ethan thought as he walked past the cheering crowd towards the stage. The entire room was already applauding him, and his heart was pounding in excitement. He would receive an award in front of so many people for the first time, so Ethan was thrilled and nervous. “Congratulations, Ethan. You are amazing,” his science teacher, Mrs. Johnson, praised him, extending him the prize. A wide smile flickered (闪现) across Ethan’s face. He had secured first place in the school Science Olympiad. He was just 11, and for someone of his age, this achievement was huge. Ethan was so happy and he couldn’t wait to show his mom that he had obtained first place. However, his smile faded when he couldn’t spot his mother, Mafia, anywhere ... “All yours, child,” Mrs. Johnson smiled, pointing at the prize. “Thank you, Mrs. Johnson,” Ethan managed a smile as he accepted it. The entire room burst into applause once again, but Ethan was not concerned about it. His eyes scanned the crowd for his mother. “Where are you, Mom? You had promised me that you would come!” Holding the prize in his hands, Ethan eventually got off the stage, thinking she was late. He saw the other winners return to their parents, but he sat alone, waiting for his mother to show up. To Ethan’s discouragement, the event got over, and she never came. The prize ceremony was over and the staff were leaving. Ethan’s look was still fixed on the door. He was hoping that his mom would just burst into the auditorium (礼堂) at any moment and tell him she was extremely sorry for not making it, but that never happened. He realized that she was probably not going to show up. Ethan was really mad at his mother. “How could she miss this? I had told her again and again and she had promised to be here!” he said to himself. With his head dropping down, Ethan grabbed his backpack and stepped out of the auditorium. Paragraph 1: As Ethan was walking out of the hall, Mrs. Johnson came to him hurriedly with a smartphone in her hand. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Half an hour later, Mrs. Johnson and Ethan arrived at the hospital parking lot. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As Ethan was walking out of the hall, Mrs. Johnson came to him hurriedly with a smartphone in her hand. “Ethan, your mom called me to apologize for not being able to attend the ceremony. She explained that she had an unavoidable situation and couldn’t make it. But she’s truly proud of you and wants you to know that,” Mrs. Johnson said gently. Ethan felt a mix of emotions - relief, confusion, and concern. He wondered what could have been so important that his mom had to miss such a significant moment in his life. Half an hour later, Mrs. Johnson and Ethan arrived at the hospital parking lot. They walked inside together. As they approached his mom’s room, he saw her lying in a hospital bed, looking weak but relieved to see him. She explained that she had been in a car accident earlier that day and despite her injuries, she had tried her best to reach the ceremony but unfortunately couldn’t make it. Ethan’s anger melted away as he realized how much his mom must have wanted to be there for him. He hugged her tightly, grateful that she was okay and proud of his accomplishment. 【解析】 【导语】本文以情感发展为线索展开，讲述了Ethan在学校科学奥林匹克竞赛中获得第一名，期待母亲到场见证这一时刻，但母亲未能如约出席，最终揭示母亲因车祸受伤而未能到场的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“当Ethan正要走出大厅时，Johnson夫人急忙赶来，手里拿着一部智能手机。”可知，第一段可描写Johnson夫人向Ethan解释母亲未能到场的原因，以及Ethan对此的复杂情感反应。 ②由第二段首句内容“半小时后，Johnson夫人和Ethan来到了医院停车场。”可知，第二段可描写Ethan在医院见到母亲，了解真相，并与母亲团聚的场景。 2.续写线索：期待母亲到来——母亲未出现——Johnson夫人解释——前往医院——了解真相——情感和解 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①意识到：realize/be aware of ②解释：explain/illustrate ③参加：attend/participate in 情绪类 ①感到自豪：be proud of/take pride in ②感激的：grateful/appreciative 【点睛】[高分句型1].He wondered what could have been so important that his mom had to miss such a significant moment in his life.（运用了what引导宾语从句，so...that...引导结果状语从句） [高分句型2]. Ethan’s anger melted away as he realized how much his mom must have wanted to be there for him.（使用了as 引导的时间状语从句，how much引导宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$