专题09 阅读理解之议论文-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中真题分类汇编（北京专用）

专题09 阅读理解之议论文 （23-24高一上·北京·期中）One of the most difficult questions to answer is how much a job is worth. We naturally expect that a doctor’s salary will be higher than a bus conductor’s wages. But the question becomes much more difficult to answer when we compare a miner with an engineer, or an unskilled man working on an oil-rig（钻探平台）with a teacher in a secondary school. What the doctor, the engineer and the teacher have in common is that they have devoted several years to studying in order to obtain the necessary qualifications for their professions. We feel instinctively that these skills and these years should be rewarded. At the same time we recognize that the work of the miner and the oil-rig laborer is both hard and dangerous, and that they must be highly paid for the risks they take. Another aspect we must take into consideration is how socially useful a man’s work is. Most people would agree that looking after the sick or teaching children is more important than, say, selling second-hand cars. Yet it is almost certain that the used-car salesman earns more than the nurse and the schoolteacher. Indeed, this whole question of just rewards can be burned on its head. You can argue that a man who does a job which brings him personal satisfaction is already receiving part of his reward in the form of a so-called “psychic（精神的）wage”, and that it is the man with the boring, repetitive job who needs more money to make up for the soul-destroying repetitiveness of his work. It is significant that the jobs like nursing and teaching continue to be poorly paid, while others, such as those in the world of sport or entertainment, carry financial rewards out of all proportion to their social worth. Although the amount of money that people earn is largely determined by market forces, this should not prevent us from seeking some way to decide what the right pay is for the job. A starting point would be to try to decide the ratio which ought to exist between the highest and the lowest paid. The picture is made more complicated by two factors: firstly by the welfare benefits which every citizen receives, and secondly by the taxation system which is often used as an instrument of social justice by taxing high incomes at a very high rate indeed. Most countries now regard a ratio of 7:1 as socially acceptable. If it is less, the highly-qualified people carrying heavy responsibilities will become disappointed, and might even end up by leaving for another country. If it is more, the difference between rich and poor will be so great that it will lead to social unrest. 1．Why do people naturally expect that doctors should be well-paid? A．Their work requires greater intelligence. B．They are under constant pressure at work. C．They work harder than most other people. D．They have studied for years to get qualified. 2．In Paragraph 2 and 3, the author indicates that ________. A．the talented should do more important work B．unskilled jobs have less social responsibility C．those with more socially useful jobs earn less D．people want to pay more for important services 3．Which of the following statements would the author agree? A．It’s difficult to define the social value of a job. B．The market will decide what the right pay is for a job. C．People should find a proper ratio between high and low pay. D．Those receiving high salary should carry heavy responsibilities. （23-24高一上·北京·期中）A new artificial intelligence (AI) tool called ChatGPT has excited the Internet community with its superhuman abilities to solve math problems, produce college articles and write research papers. Some educators are warning that such Al systems will change the world of learning, teaching, and research, for better or worse. Ethan Mollick, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School of Business, sees its benefits as a learning partner. He has used it as his own teacher’s assistant, for help with preparing a lecture and grading instructions for MBA students. “You can ask it to find a mistake in your writing and correct it and tell you why you got it wrong,” he said. “It’s really amazing.” But the superhuman assistant has its limitations (局限). ChatGPT was created by humans, after all. OpenAI has trained the tool using a large dataset of real human conversations. It sometimes lies to you, with confidence. There have been situations in which ChatGPT won’t tell you when it doesn’t have the answer. That’s what Teresa Kubacka, a data scientist based in Zurich, Switzerland, found when she experimented with the language model. “I asked it about something that I thought that I know doesn’t exist (存在) so that I can judge whether it actually also has the idea of what exists and what doesn’t exist.” she said. ChatGPT produced an answer so specific sounding, backed with citations (引文), that Kubacka had to find out whether the made-up thing was actually real. “This is where it becomes kind of dangerous,” she said. ChatGPT doesn’t produce good science, says Oren Etzioni, the founding CEO of the Allen Institute for AI. But he sees ChatGPT’s appearance as a good thing. He sees this as a moment for review. “ChatGPT is just a few days old, I like to say,” said Etzioni. “It’s giving us a chance to understand what he can and cannot do and to begin the conversation of ‘What are we going to do about it?’” 4．How did Ethan Mollick feel about ChatGPT? A．It could be used in many different fields. B．It was popular with university students. C．It would replace teachers’ assistants. D．It was advantageous to him. 5．What did Teresa Kubacka’s experiment with ChatGPT find? A．The Al tool is not dependable sometimes. B．The Al tool always gives wrong answers. C．The Al tool does not always answer questions. D．The Al tool gives dangerous guidance sometimes. 6．What does Oren Etzioni mean by saying those words in the last paragraph? A．It is too early to discuss ChatGPT’s limitations. B．ChatGPT is open for review and suggestions. C．ChatGPT is worth praising for its superhuman abilities. D．It takes time to see whether ChatGPT works well or not. 7．Which of the following shows the organization of the text? A． B． C． D． （23-24高一上·北京·期中）Casting blame is natural: it is tempting to fault someone else for a mistake rather than taking responsibility yourself. But blame is also harmful. It makes it less likely that people will own up to mistakes, and thus less likely that organizations can learn from them. Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whose managers pointed to external factors to explain their failings underperformed companies that blamed themselves. Blame culture can spread like a virus. Just as children fear mom and dad’s punishment if they admit to wrongdoing, in a blaming environment, employees are afraid of criticism and punishment if they acknowledge making a mistake at work. Blame culture asks, “who dropped the ball?” instead of “where did our systems and processes fail?” The focus is on the individuals, not the processes. It’s much easier to point fingers at a person or department instead of doing the harder, but the more beneficial, exercise of fixing the root cause, in which case the problem does not happen again. The No Blame Culture was introduced to make sure errors and deficiencies (缺陷) were highlighted by employees as early as possible. It originated in organizations where tiny errors can have catastrophic (灾难性的) consequences. These are known as high reliability organizations (HROs) and include hospitals, submarines and airlines. Because errors can be so disastrous in these organizations, it’s dangerous to operate in an environment where employees don’t feel able to report errors that have been made or raise concerns about that deficiencies may turn into future errors. The No Blame Culture maximizes accountability because all contributions to the event occurring are identified and reviewed for possible change and improvement. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), which supervises air traffic across the United States, makes it clear that its role is not to assign blame or liability but to find out what went wrong and to issue recommendations to avoid a repeat. The proud record of the airline industry in reducing accidents partly reflects no-blame processes for investigating crashes and close calls. The motive to learn from errors also exist when the risks are lower. That is why software engineers and developers routinely investigate what went wrong if a website crashes or a server goes down. There is an obvious worry about embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same person is at fault? Sometimes, after all, blame is deserved. The idea of the “just culture”, a framework developed in the 1990s by James Reason, a psychologist, addresses the concern that the incompetent and the malevolent (恶意的) will be let off the hook. The line that Britain’s aviation regulator draws between honest errors and the other sort is a good starting-point. It promises a culture in which people “are not punished for actions or decisions taken by them that match with their experience and training”. That narrows room for blame but does not remove it entirely. 8．According to the research published in 2015, companies that ______ had better performance. A．blamed external factors B．admitted their mistakes C．conducted investigations D．punished the under performers 9．According to the passage, what do you learn about the No Blame Culture? A．It encourages the early disclosure of errors. B．It only exists in high reliability organizations. C．It enables people to shift the blame onto others. D．It prevents organizations from making any error. 10．What is the major concern about embracing blamelessness according to the passage? A．Innocent people might take the blame by admitting their failure. B．Being blamed for mistakes can destroy trust in employees. C．The line between honest errors and the other sort is not clear. D．People won’t learn their lessons if they aren’t blamed for failures. 11．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Why We Fail to Learn from Our Own Mistakes B．How to Avoid Disastrous Errors in Organizations C．Why We Should Stop the Blame Game at Work D．How to Deal with Workplace Blame Culture （23-24高一上·北京·期中）Over millions of years humans have responded to certain situations without thinking too hard. If our ancestors spotted movement in the nearby forest, they would run first and question later. At the same time, the ability to analyze and to plan is part of what separates us from other animals. The question of when to trust your instinct (直觉)and when to think slow matters in the office as much as in the savannah(草原). Slow thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace. Yet instinct also has its place. Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and less to analysis. In demanding customer-service or public-facing situations, instinct is often a better guide to how to behave. Instinct can also be improved. Plenty of research has shown that instinct becomes more unerring with experience. In one well-known experiment, volunteers were asked to assess whether a selection of designer handbags were real or not. Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate(深思熟虑)over their decision. Instinct worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it outperformed analysis. The more expert you become, the better your instinct tends to be. However, the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is, well, fast. It is often the only way to get through the day. To take one example, when your inbox floods with new emails at the start of a new day, there is absolutely no way to read them all carefully. Instinct is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened. Fast thinking can also help the entire organization. The value of many managerial decisions lies in the simple fact that they have been made at all. Yet as data explodes, the temptation(诱惑)to ask for one more bit of analysis has become much harder to resist. Managers often suffer from overthinking, turning a simple problem into a complex one. When to use instinct in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition. Does the decision maker have real expertise in this area? Is this a field in which emotion matters more than reasoning? Above all, is it worth delaying the decision? Slow thinking is needed to get the big calls right. But fast thinking is the way to stop deliberation turning to a waste of time. 12．What does the underlined word “unerring” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Accurate. B．Creative. C．Controllable. D．Obvious. 13．What can we learn from the passage? A．Managers can afford the cost of slow thinking. B．Fast thinking can be a boost to work efficiency. C．Slow thinking will hold us back in the long run. D．Too much data is to blame for wrong decisions. 14．What is the author's purpose of writing the passage? A．To explain how instinct works. B．To compare instinct and slow thinking. C．To highlight the value of instinct in the workplace. D．To illustrate the development of different thinking patterns. （23-24高一上·北京朝阳·期中）Would you turn down the chance to become a smart cookie? We’ve been longing for quick fixes that could increase our intelligence (智力). Today, people’s hopes lie in brain training apps as a speedy “digital pill”. The more you play, the smarter you will get—or so some apps tell us. But is this digital-shortcut all that it seems to be? The use of games for serious purposes has become widespread with the development of the Internet and smartphones. Brain training apps are typical, frequently featured by Apple and Google’s app stores. Many of such apps say that they are backed by “science”. Even if there were agreement around what makes general intelligence, the idea that increasing it would be as simple as practising a few mini-games every day goes against our current discovery about thinking and learning. Several major studies, surveying users across a wide variety of apps, have found that they have little to no effect on users’ performance. A 2021 study by researchers discovered brain training has no significant effect on cognitive (认知的) functioning in the “real world”. The positive effects reported are limited to the very specific mini-games and tasks, such as memorizing lists of words or numbers, or performing mental calculation (心算). So, if your job or your calling in life needs summing quickly or remembering all your friends’ phone numbers, these apps will do. But if you are expecting them to improve your ability to write a novel or form a complex (复杂的) spreadsheet, you have to look elsewhere. Yet, despite the fact that they hardly work, brain training apps play a leading role, partly because they are regarded to be scientific and partly because users think they are fun. As a co-creator of one of the most popular forms of gamification (游戏化) noted, what is especially disappointing about these apps is that they just aren’t that fun—at least, not compared with the various thoughtful board games and video games coming out every day. Puzzle video games, such as Baba Is You and detective games like Return of the Obra Dinn, see players apply their skill at reasoning, memory and concentration in a far more challenging and engaging (吸引人的) way. If you aren’t into games, simply go for a walk or learn how to dance. They are likely to be more effective than a brain training app in sharpening your mind. These activities might not lead to an increased IQ, but they are sure to engage your brain deeply while having fun—something I can by no means say of brain training apps. 15．Which of the following would the author probably agree with? A．Brain training apps are backed by science. B．Creativity can be improved with brain training apps. C．Gamification has little to do with increasing intelligence. D．Increasing IQ is as simple as practising a few mini-games every day. 16．According to the passage, brain training apps are still popular because ________. A．they turn mental exercises into quick games B．they are considered both scientific and interesting C．they are more effective in shaping our minds than other games D．they have significant effects on the cognitive functioning in the “real world” 17．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．A Smart Cookie or Not? B．There’s No App for That C．What will Games Lead Us to? D．A Digital Pill for Intelligence （23-24高一上·北京·期中）Since the early to mid-2010s, social media apps have made a permanent home in many people’s phones, and spending time on social media has become as much of a daily activity as drinking water. Since so many people are on it for much of their days — especially kids, teens, and young adults — there is increased concern over what social media is doing to people. Many argue that social media is an unhealthy way to pass the time, and that false information from online is causing confusion and panic. This type of thing happens with every generation when something new that people don’t understand comes along. So many people thought rock-and-roll was making teens morally bad, which really wasn’t the case. It is fair to say that the teenage years are hard, and that teens need an escape. Back before phones, teens would listen to rock music as a form of escapism, or they would watch TV, go to the movies, skate around, or dress up in crazy clothes. Unfortunately, all of those things at one point in time were blamed for being a bad influence on young people. Social media is the new tuck-and-roll: it’s a new thing, and people demonize (妖魔化) change. For example, many believe that everything on social media apps is filtered (加滤镜) and that seeing perfect people and their perfectly edited lives often leads to lots of negative emotions. However, models, magazines and movies have been using retouching (修整) tools for photos and media since Photoshop and other post-production services were invented. Social media has made it easier to see more edited pictures, but social media itself isn’t making people want to look a certain way. People should acknowledge that these pictures aren’t authentic, and the posts are made to look good on purpose. Social media is hot to blame for body confidence issues when the things people want to look like aren’t even real in the first place. It seems like most issues around social media are user errors, like anyone complaining there are too many people being addicted to social media. However, not everyone is addicted to social media; people who have any grasp on reality wouldn’t spend every waking second on the phone. It is really up to the individual how they use social media. Keeping up with the flood of posts, stories, and photos takes a lot of time — many young people admit that they spend hours on their phones every day. Yet, this seems like an easy problem to solve when the solution is simply clicking off the phone a couple hours early. So it is clear that moderation is the key to dealing with all the issues around social media. 18．Why does the author mention “rock-and-roll” in Paragraph 2? A．To predict the future of social media. B．To underline the advantages of social media. C．To analyze why social media is so popular today. D．To explain why social media is regarded as negative. 19．What does the author think of posting edited photos on social media apps? A．Disturbing. B．Understandable. C．Intolerable. D．Innovative. 20．What does the text suggest people do about social media? A．Make the best use of it. B．Completely stay away from it. C．Prohibit young people from using it. D．Spend reasonable amounts of time on it. 21．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．What makes us so addicted to social media? B．Why is social media so popular among teenagers? C．Should we depend on social media for information? D．Is it right to blame social media for all the problems? （22-23高一上·北京·期中）As online learning becomes more common and more and more resources become digital form, some people have suggested that public libraries should be shut down and, in their place, everyone should be given an iPad. Supporters of this idea state that it will save local cities and towns money because libraries are expensive to maintain. They also believe it will encourage more people to read because they won’t have to travel to a library to get a book; they can simply click on what they want to read and read it from wherever they are. They could also access more materials because libraries won’t have to buy physical copies of books. However, it would be a serious mistake to replace libraries with iPads. First, digital books and resources are associated with less learning and more problems than print resources. A study done on tablet and book reading found that people read 20-30% slower on iPads, remember 20% less information, and understand 10% less of what they read compared to people who read the same information in print. Additionally, staring too long at a screen has been shown to cause some health problems, including dizziness, dry eyes, headaches, shoulder and back pain and so on. We should not add to these problems by giving people, especially young people, more reasons to look at screens. Second, it is incredibly narrow-minded to assume that the only service libraries offer is book lending. Libraries have more benefits, and many are only available if the library has a physical location. Some of these benefits include acting as a quiet study space, giving people a way to communicate with their neighbors, holding classes on a variety of topics, providing jobs and keeping the community connected. One neighborhood found that, after a local library instituted community events such as play times for kids and parents, job fairs for teenagers, and meeting spaces for senior citizens, over a third of residents reported feeling more connected to their community. Similarly, a survey conducted in 2015 found that nearly two-thirds of American adults feel that closing their local library would have a major impact on their community. People see libraries as a way to connect with others and get their questions answered and benefits iPads can’t offer nearly as well or as easily. While replacing libraries with iPads may seem like a simple solution, it would encourage people to spend even more time looking at digital screens, despite the issues surrounding them. It would also end access to many of the benefits of libraries that people have come to rely on. In many areas, libraries are such an important part of the community network that they could never be replaced by a simple object. 22．Digital reading supporters may agree that ________. A．the price is too high to maintain libraries B．iPads make people’s learning less convenient C．printed books are more efficient than digital ones D．iPads encourage people to spend more time on line 23．The author supports his idea in Paragraph 3 by________. A．listing figures and showing studying results B．highlighting the differences between the two media C．comparing reading efficiency through different media D．showing advantages and disadvantages of reading with iPads 24．What is the author’s attitude towards the functions of public libraries? A．Unconcerned. B．Confused. C．Positive. D．Negative. 25．What is the best title of the passage? A．Why IPads Encourage People to Read? B．Should Public Libraries Be Shut Down? C．Will IPads Take the Place of Public Libraries? D．How Are IPads And Public Libraries Different? （22-23高一上·北京·期中）A character in one of Shakespeare's plays once said, "Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them." Any of these could apply to the modern day sportsmen. Many still argue about the nature of talent. Some claim that people are born to be sportsmen, while others say it is only through devotion and hard work that they achieve their abilities. Arguably though, it is not until their talents are acknowledged by the public that they truly have greatness fallen upon them. With this acknowledgement of their "greatness" come all the trappings of modern day celebrity：money, power, influence and responsibility. For better or for worse, like it or hate it, modern sportsmen are the role models of children everywhere. These children will grow up admiring their heroes, devoting their lives to copying their every move, and wanting above all to be like them. Due to this fascination，particularly with the massive influence of the media, it is more important than ever for these sportsmen to acknowledge their responsibility. In the past few months alone, there have been many examples of questionable behaviors from sports icons. Sport stars of the present day are often mirroring the very worst aspects of society, a fact that the self-righteous(自以为是的) anger of the modern press has been quick to point out. It would be wrong for us to expect sportsmen to be saints. It would also be wrong for us to think that their behavior is markedly different from the sportsmen they grew up watching, but with the all-seeing eye of modern media it is a different world，and different standards must be expected. Of course there is no obligation for sportsmen to be good role models. There are no prison sentences, no fines, no community service—unless their behaviors are illegal. Unless they break the law, it is entirely up to them as to whether or not they think their behavior is appropriate. Furthermore, measuring the true influence their decisions have on their followers is absolutely impossible. Some will rise against their idols, seeing them in a new light and condemning their actions. Others may copy their heroes' actions, using them as a shield when accused of the same crimes. It is undeniable that the actions of sportsmen will influence the lives of those who worship them. Modern day sportsmen are almost ideals of today's world, and their actions are watched carefully by millions over the world. Some may complain against it, denying their influence on these children's lives. Others may be aware of it but not respect it, while many may both be aware of it and respect it. In a word, you do not choose whether you are a role model. All you can do is to decide how to act when greatness is thrust upon you. 26．In Paragraph 1, the author tries to emphasize________. A．sportsmen become great when their gifts are recognized by people B．sportsmen achieve greatness through their devotion and efforts C．different ways for sportsmen to achieve success and greatness D．the core characteristic to become great sportsmen nowadays 27．According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that________. A．role models usually have positive influence on their fans B．sportsmen have the right to behave freely within the law C．all the fans will follow their heroes' actions D．no obligation is given to sportsmen 28．The underlined phrase thrust upon most probably means________. A．palled off B．removed from C．related to D．forced on 29．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To advise the media to choose proper events to report. B．To inform the public that sportsmen are no role models. C．To remind the sportsmen of their social responsibilities. D．To argue that sportsmen should not be expected as herons. （22-23高一上·北京·期中）The human brain remembers negative experiences more easily than positive ones. Our brains have developed in this way because threats, like dangerous animals, have a more immediate effect on people’s survival compared to positive things like food or shelter. As a result, you clearly know what makes you unhappy, but do you know what makes you happy? Research suggests that our level of happiness is partly shaped by the choices we make. If you’ve been chasing wealth, fame, power and some material things, you may be looking for happiness in the wrong places. Psychologists suggest that the following habits can make people happier. People who own close relationships tend to be happier than those who do not. The number of our friends is not important. What matters is the quality of our relationships. Relationships that bring happiness usually consist of the sharing of feelings, acceptance, mutual (双方的) respect and trust. People who exercise regularly can improve both their physical and mental well-being. Some research has shown that exercise can be as effective as some medicine in treating depression. If we are so interested in an activity, we may lose track of time, and we can be in a state of flow. The activity could be playing the piano, surfing the Internet or playing a game… People who experience flow in their work or life tend to be happier. People are more likely to be happy if they know what their strengths are and can use them regularly. People are especially happy when they can set goals and use their strengths to achieve them. People, who think positively by being grateful, mindful and optimistic, are more likely to be happy. Being grateful means being thankful. Being mindful means considering, focusing on, and enjoying the experiences of the present moment. Being optimistic means being hopeful about the future. 30．Why do Human brains remember negative things more easily? A．Because negative things tend to affect human survival immediately B．Because negative things are easy to remember C．Because negative things are much more important than other things D．Because negative things can make people live much happier 31．According to this passage, in which of the following can people not find happiness? A．making friends B．doing sports C．playing the violin D．chasing power 32．In the last paragraph, what does author try to tell us? A．We should think more about our future. B．We should be positive in our life and work. C．We should focus on everything in our life. D．We should only enjoy the present moment. 33．What does the passage mainly want to tell us? A．Why people remember positive things easily. B．Why people remember negative things easily. C．Some habits that make people happy. D．The habits the people form in their life. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题09 阅读理解之议论文 （23-24高一上·北京·期中）One of the most difficult questions to answer is how much a job is worth. We naturally expect that a doctor’s salary will be higher than a bus conductor’s wages. But the question becomes much more difficult to answer when we compare a miner with an engineer, or an unskilled man working on an oil-rig（钻探平台）with a teacher in a secondary school. What the doctor, the engineer and the teacher have in common is that they have devoted several years to studying in order to obtain the necessary qualifications for their professions. We feel instinctively that these skills and these years should be rewarded. At the same time we recognize that the work of the miner and the oil-rig laborer is both hard and dangerous, and that they must be highly paid for the risks they take. Another aspect we must take into consideration is how socially useful a man’s work is. Most people would agree that looking after the sick or teaching children is more important than, say, selling second-hand cars. Yet it is almost certain that the used-car salesman earns more than the nurse and the schoolteacher. Indeed, this whole question of just rewards can be burned on its head. You can argue that a man who does a job which brings him personal satisfaction is already receiving part of his reward in the form of a so-called “psychic（精神的）wage”, and that it is the man with the boring, repetitive job who needs more money to make up for the soul-destroying repetitiveness of his work. It is significant that the jobs like nursing and teaching continue to be poorly paid, while others, such as those in the world of sport or entertainment, carry financial rewards out of all proportion to their social worth. Although the amount of money that people earn is largely determined by market forces, this should not prevent us from seeking some way to decide what the right pay is for the job. A starting point would be to try to decide the ratio which ought to exist between the highest and the lowest paid. The picture is made more complicated by two factors: firstly by the welfare benefits which every citizen receives, and secondly by the taxation system which is often used as an instrument of social justice by taxing high incomes at a very high rate indeed. Most countries now regard a ratio of 7:1 as socially acceptable. If it is less, the highly-qualified people carrying heavy responsibilities will become disappointed, and might even end up by leaving for another country. If it is more, the difference between rich and poor will be so great that it will lead to social unrest. 1．Why do people naturally expect that doctors should be well-paid? A．Their work requires greater intelligence. B．They are under constant pressure at work. C．They work harder than most other people. D．They have studied for years to get qualified. 2．In Paragraph 2 and 3, the author indicates that ________. A．the talented should do more important work B．unskilled jobs have less social responsibility C．those with more socially useful jobs earn less D．people want to pay more for important services 3．Which of the following statements would the author agree? A．It’s difficult to define the social value of a job. B．The market will decide what the right pay is for a job. C．People should find a proper ratio between high and low pay. D．Those receiving high salary should carry heavy responsibilities. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了不同行业的工作和价值的关系并提出了寻求合理薪酬的方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段第四五句“What the doctor, the engineer and the teacher have in common is that they have devoted several years to studying in order to obtain the necessary qualifications for their professions. We feel instinctively that these skills and these years should be rewarded.”（医生、工程师和教师的共同之处在于，他们都花了几年的时间学习，以获得他们专业所需的资格。我们本能地觉得，这些技能和这些年应该得到回报。）可知，我们认为医生经过了多年的学习才获得了行医的资格，他们付出的努力和所学的技能理应得到回报。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段二三句“Most people would agree that looking after the sick or teaching children is more important than, say, selling second-hand cars. Yet it is almost certain that the used-car salesman earns more than the nurse and the schoolteacher.”（大多数人会同意，照顾病人或教育孩子比卖二手车更重要。然而，几乎可以肯定的是，二手车推销员比护士和教师挣得多。）及第三段最后一句“It is significant that the jobs like nursing and teaching continue to be poorly paid, while others, such as those in the world of sport or entertainment, carry financial rewards out of all proportion to their social worth.”（值得注意的是，像护士和教师这样的工作收入仍然很低，而其他工作，如体育或娱乐领域的工作，其经济回报与其社会价值完全不成比例。）可知，作者认为与其他社会价值不高的工作相比，像教师，护士这样社会价值高的工作的经济回报很低。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“Although the amount of money that people earn is largely determined by market forces, this should not prevent us from seeking some way to decide what the right pay is for the job. A starting point would be to try to decide the ratio which ought to exist between the highest and the lowest paid. ”（尽管人们的收入在很大程度上是由市场力量决定的，但这不应该阻止我们寻找某种方法来决定一份工作的合理薪酬。一个出发点应该是设法确定最高收入和最低收入之间应该存在的比例。）并结合本段内容可知，作者认为想要实现一份工作的合理薪酬，应首先确定高收入和低收入之间应存在的比例，比例过高或者过低都会导致社会问题，故确定高收入和低收入之间的合适比例非常重要。故选C项。 （23-24高一上·北京·期中）A new artificial intelligence (AI) tool called ChatGPT has excited the Internet community with its superhuman abilities to solve math problems, produce college articles and write research papers. Some educators are warning that such Al systems will change the world of learning, teaching, and research, for better or worse. Ethan Mollick, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School of Business, sees its benefits as a learning partner. He has used it as his own teacher’s assistant, for help with preparing a lecture and grading instructions for MBA students. “You can ask it to find a mistake in your writing and correct it and tell you why you got it wrong,” he said. “It’s really amazing.” But the superhuman assistant has its limitations (局限). ChatGPT was created by humans, after all. OpenAI has trained the tool using a large dataset of real human conversations. It sometimes lies to you, with confidence. There have been situations in which ChatGPT won’t tell you when it doesn’t have the answer. That’s what Teresa Kubacka, a data scientist based in Zurich, Switzerland, found when she experimented with the language model. “I asked it about something that I thought that I know doesn’t exist (存在) so that I can judge whether it actually also has the idea of what exists and what doesn’t exist.” she said. ChatGPT produced an answer so specific sounding, backed with citations (引文), that Kubacka had to find out whether the made-up thing was actually real. “This is where it becomes kind of dangerous,” she said. ChatGPT doesn’t produce good science, says Oren Etzioni, the founding CEO of the Allen Institute for AI. But he sees ChatGPT’s appearance as a good thing. He sees this as a moment for review. “ChatGPT is just a few days old, I like to say,” said Etzioni. “It’s giving us a chance to understand what he can and cannot do and to begin the conversation of ‘What are we going to do about it?’” 4．How did Ethan Mollick feel about ChatGPT? A．It could be used in many different fields. B．It was popular with university students. C．It would replace teachers’ assistants. D．It was advantageous to him. 5．What did Teresa Kubacka’s experiment with ChatGPT find? A．The Al tool is not dependable sometimes. B．The Al tool always gives wrong answers. C．The Al tool does not always answer questions. D．The Al tool gives dangerous guidance sometimes. 6．What does Oren Etzioni mean by saying those words in the last paragraph? A．It is too early to discuss ChatGPT’s limitations. B．ChatGPT is open for review and suggestions. C．ChatGPT is worth praising for its superhuman abilities. D．It takes time to see whether ChatGPT works well or not. 7．Which of the following shows the organization of the text? A． B． C． D． 【答案】4．D 5．A 6．B 7．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了新的人工智能工具ChatGPT的优点和局限性。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ethan Mollick, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School of Business, sees its benefits as a learning partner. He has used it as his own teacher’s assistant, for help with preparing a lecture and grading instructions for MBA students.(宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院教授伊森•莫里克看到ChatGPT作为学习伙伴的好处。他把它当作自己的教学助手，帮助他准备讲座并给MBA学生批改作业。)”可知，ChatGPT给Ethan Mollick的工作提供了很多帮助，对他来说，ChatGPT是有益的。故选D项。 5．推理判断题。根据第四段中“It sometimes lies to you, with confidence.(它有时会自信地对你撒谎。)”和第四段中“That’s what Teresa Kubacka, a data scientist based in Zurich, Switzerland, found when she experimented with the language model. “I asked it about something that I thought that I know doesn’t exist (存在) so that I can judge whether it actually also has the idea of what exists and what doesn’t exist.” she said. ChatGPT produced an answer so specific sounding, backed with citations (引文), that Kubacka had to find out whether the made-up thing was actually real.(这也是瑞士苏黎世的数据科学家Teresa Kubacka在对语言模型进行实验时发现的。“我问它一些我认为我知道不存在的东西，这样我就可以判断它是否真的知道什么存在，什么不存在。”她说。ChatGPT给出了一个听起来非常具体的答案，并附有引文，Kubacka不得不弄清楚这个编造出来的东西是否真的存在。)”可知，对于一些不存在的东西，ChatGPT会编造答案。由此推知，Teresa Kubacka对ChatGPT的实验发现这个人工智能工具有时不可靠。故选A项。 6．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ChatGPT doesn’t produce good science, says Oren Etzioni, the founding CEO of the Allen Institute for AI. But he sees ChatGPT’s appearance as a good thing. He sees this as a moment for review.(艾伦人工智能研究所的创始人兼首席执行官奥伦·埃齐奥尼表示，ChatGPT不会产生好的科学成果。但他认为ChatGPT的出现是一件好事。他认为这是一个审查的时机。)”和““ChatGPT is just a few days old, I like to say,” said Etzioni. “It’s giving us a chance to understand what he can and cannot do and to begin the conversation of ‘What are we going to do about it?’”(Etzioni说：“我想说，ChatGPT只有几天的历史。“这让我们有机会了解他能做什么，不能做什么，并开始讨论‘我们该怎么办?’”)”可知，Oren Etzioni意识到ChatGPT存在的问题，但他同时觉得ChatGPT的出现是一件好事。因为这给了我们审查ChatGPT的机会，让我们更多地去了解它，并讨论“该怎么办”，进而给出建议。故选B项。 7．推理判断题。文章第一段引入话题，介绍ChatGPT，总领全文；第二段用伊森•莫里克教授的观点来说明ChatGPT的优点；第三、四段通过引用观点和实验说明ChatGPT的局限性，与第二段是并列关系；第五段承接第三、四段，说明虽然ChatGPT存在问题，但这是一件好事，让我们更多地去了解它，是在第三、四段基础上的一个总结。由此推知，B项展示了本文结构。故选B项。 （23-24高一上·北京·期中）Casting blame is natural: it is tempting to fault someone else for a mistake rather than taking responsibility yourself. But blame is also harmful. It makes it less likely that people will own up to mistakes, and thus less likely that organizations can learn from them. Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whose managers pointed to external factors to explain their failings underperformed companies that blamed themselves. Blame culture can spread like a virus. Just as children fear mom and dad’s punishment if they admit to wrongdoing, in a blaming environment, employees are afraid of criticism and punishment if they acknowledge making a mistake at work. Blame culture asks, “who dropped the ball?” instead of “where did our systems and processes fail?” The focus is on the individuals, not the processes. It’s much easier to point fingers at a person or department instead of doing the harder, but the more beneficial, exercise of fixing the root cause, in which case the problem does not happen again. The No Blame Culture was introduced to make sure errors and deficiencies (缺陷) were highlighted by employees as early as possible. It originated in organizations where tiny errors can have catastrophic (灾难性的) consequences. These are known as high reliability organizations (HROs) and include hospitals, submarines and airlines. Because errors can be so disastrous in these organizations, it’s dangerous to operate in an environment where employees don’t feel able to report errors that have been made or raise concerns about that deficiencies may turn into future errors. The No Blame Culture maximizes accountability because all contributions to the event occurring are identified and reviewed for possible change and improvement. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), which supervises air traffic across the United States, makes it clear that its role is not to assign blame or liability but to find out what went wrong and to issue recommendations to avoid a repeat. The proud record of the airline industry in reducing accidents partly reflects no-blame processes for investigating crashes and close calls. The motive to learn from errors also exist when the risks are lower. That is why software engineers and developers routinely investigate what went wrong if a website crashes or a server goes down. There is an obvious worry about embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same person is at fault? Sometimes, after all, blame is deserved. The idea of the “just culture”, a framework developed in the 1990s by James Reason, a psychologist, addresses the concern that the incompetent and the malevolent (恶意的) will be let off the hook. The line that Britain’s aviation regulator draws between honest errors and the other sort is a good starting-point. It promises a culture in which people “are not punished for actions or decisions taken by them that match with their experience and training”. That narrows room for blame but does not remove it entirely. 8．According to the research published in 2015, companies that ______ had better performance. A．blamed external factors B．admitted their mistakes C．conducted investigations D．punished the under performers 9．According to the passage, what do you learn about the No Blame Culture? A．It encourages the early disclosure of errors. B．It only exists in high reliability organizations. C．It enables people to shift the blame onto others. D．It prevents organizations from making any error. 10．What is the major concern about embracing blamelessness according to the passage? A．Innocent people might take the blame by admitting their failure. B．Being blamed for mistakes can destroy trust in employees. C．The line between honest errors and the other sort is not clear. D．People won’t learn their lessons if they aren’t blamed for failures. 11．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Why We Fail to Learn from Our Own Mistakes B．How to Avoid Disastrous Errors in Organizations C．Why We Should Stop the Blame Game at Work D．How to Deal with Workplace Blame Culture 【答案】8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了工作中的责备问题，说明工作中不能一味地指责别人。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whose managers pointed to external factors to explain their failings underperformed companies that blamed themselves. (2015年发表的研究表明，那些经理们指出外部因素来解释自己失败的公司表现不如那些自责的公司。)”可知，研究表明，承认自己错误的公司业绩更好。故选B项。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The No Blame Culture was introduced to make sure errors and deficiencies (缺陷) were highlighted by employees as early as possible. (引入‘无责备文化’，确保员工尽早指出错误和不足。)”可知，“无责备文化”就是鼓励及早披露错误。故选A项。 10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“There is an obvious worry about embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same person is at fault? Sometimes, after all, blame is deserved. (人们显然对信奉无可指责感到担忧。如果网站一直崩溃，而罪魁祸首是同一个人，该怎么办？毕竟，有时候，受到责备是罪有应得。)”可知，对于信奉无可指责的担忧是如果人们不因失败而受到责备，他们就不会吸取教训。故选D项。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Casting blame is natural: it is tempting to fault someone else for a mistake rather than taking responsibility yourself. (责备别人是很自然的：人们总是倾向于把错误归咎于别人，而不是自己承担责任。但是责备也是有害的。)”等内容可知，本文讨论了工作中的责备问题，说明工作中不能一味地指责别人。选项C“为什么我们应该停止工作中的指责游戏”符合主题，故选C项。 （23-24高一上·北京·期中）Over millions of years humans have responded to certain situations without thinking too hard. If our ancestors spotted movement in the nearby forest, they would run first and question later. At the same time, the ability to analyze and to plan is part of what separates us from other animals. The question of when to trust your instinct (直觉)and when to think slow matters in the office as much as in the savannah(草原). Slow thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace. Yet instinct also has its place. Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and less to analysis. In demanding customer-service or public-facing situations, instinct is often a better guide to how to behave. Instinct can also be improved. Plenty of research has shown that instinct becomes more unerring with experience. In one well-known experiment, volunteers were asked to assess whether a selection of designer handbags were real or not. Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate(深思熟虑)over their decision. Instinct worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it outperformed analysis. The more expert you become, the better your instinct tends to be. However, the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is, well, fast. It is often the only way to get through the day. To take one example, when your inbox floods with new emails at the start of a new day, there is absolutely no way to read them all carefully. Instinct is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened. Fast thinking can also help the entire organization. The value of many managerial decisions lies in the simple fact that they have been made at all. Yet as data explodes, the temptation(诱惑)to ask for one more bit of analysis has become much harder to resist. Managers often suffer from overthinking, turning a simple problem into a complex one. When to use instinct in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition. Does the decision maker have real expertise in this area? Is this a field in which emotion matters more than reasoning? Above all, is it worth delaying the decision? Slow thinking is needed to get the big calls right. But fast thinking is the way to stop deliberation turning to a waste of time. 12．What does the underlined word “unerring” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Accurate. B．Creative. C．Controllable. D．Obvious. 13．What can we learn from the passage? A．Managers can afford the cost of slow thinking. B．Fast thinking can be a boost to work efficiency. C．Slow thinking will hold us back in the long run. D．Too much data is to blame for wrong decisions. 14．What is the author's purpose of writing the passage? A．To explain how instinct works. B．To compare instinct and slow thinking. C．To highlight the value of instinct in the workplace. D．To illustrate the development of different thinking patterns. 【答案】12．A 13．B 14．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了直觉在工作场所的应用价值。 12．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段第一句“Instinct can also be improved.”（直觉能够被改善。）及最后一句“The more expert you become, the better your instinct tends to be.”（你变得越熟练，直觉越准确。）说明随着熟练度的提高，直觉也会越来越准确。故“unerring”应是“无偏差的，精确的”意思。故选A项。 13．推理判断题。根据文章第四段第四句第五句“Instinct is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened. Fast thinking can also help the entire organization. ”（直觉能够帮助你决定哪些邮件需要回复，哪些需要删除，哪些不用打开。快速思考也对整个组织有益。）可知快速思考可以提高工作效率，避免在不重要的事情上浪费时间。故选B项。 14．推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“The question of when to trust your instinct (直觉 )and when to think slow matters in the office as much as in the savannah (草原)”.（什么时候应该相信你的直觉及什么时候应该缓慢思考的问题在办公室和在大草原上一样重要。）可知，在工作场所，直觉也是很重要的。结合最后一段第一句“When to use instinct in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition. ”（什么时候在工作场所使用直觉取决于其自身的识别模式。）可知要具体分析在工作场所使用直觉的情况。联系全文内容可知，本文主要强调了直觉在工作场所的应用价值。故选C项。 （23-24高一上·北京朝阳·期中）Would you turn down the chance to become a smart cookie? We’ve been longing for quick fixes that could increase our intelligence (智力). Today, people’s hopes lie in brain training apps as a speedy “digital pill”. The more you play, the smarter you will get—or so some apps tell us. But is this digital-shortcut all that it seems to be? The use of games for serious purposes has become widespread with the development of the Internet and smartphones. Brain training apps are typical, frequently featured by Apple and Google’s app stores. Many of such apps say that they are backed by “science”. Even if there were agreement around what makes general intelligence, the idea that increasing it would be as simple as practising a few mini-games every day goes against our current discovery about thinking and learning. Several major studies, surveying users across a wide variety of apps, have found that they have little to no effect on users’ performance. A 2021 study by researchers discovered brain training has no significant effect on cognitive (认知的) functioning in the “real world”. The positive effects reported are limited to the very specific mini-games and tasks, such as memorizing lists of words or numbers, or performing mental calculation (心算). So, if your job or your calling in life needs summing quickly or remembering all your friends’ phone numbers, these apps will do. But if you are expecting them to improve your ability to write a novel or form a complex (复杂的) spreadsheet, you have to look elsewhere. Yet, despite the fact that they hardly work, brain training apps play a leading role, partly because they are regarded to be scientific and partly because users think they are fun. As a co-creator of one of the most popular forms of gamification (游戏化) noted, what is especially disappointing about these apps is that they just aren’t that fun—at least, not compared with the various thoughtful board games and video games coming out every day. Puzzle video games, such as Baba Is You and detective games like Return of the Obra Dinn, see players apply their skill at reasoning, memory and concentration in a far more challenging and engaging (吸引人的) way. If you aren’t into games, simply go for a walk or learn how to dance. They are likely to be more effective than a brain training app in sharpening your mind. These activities might not lead to an increased IQ, but they are sure to engage your brain deeply while having fun—something I can by no means say of brain training apps. 15．Which of the following would the author probably agree with? A．Brain training apps are backed by science. B．Creativity can be improved with brain training apps. C．Gamification has little to do with increasing intelligence. D．Increasing IQ is as simple as practising a few mini-games every day. 16．According to the passage, brain training apps are still popular because ________. A．they turn mental exercises into quick games B．they are considered both scientific and interesting C．they are more effective in shaping our minds than other games D．they have significant effects on the cognitive functioning in the “real world” 17．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．A Smart Cookie or Not? B．There’s No App for That C．What will Games Lead Us to? D．A Digital Pill for Intelligence 【答案】15．C 16．B 17．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章提出观点称许多人认为借助一些游戏程序能够提高智力，但作者不这样认为，他通过呈现一些研究结果等信息佐证他的观点。 15．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Even if there were agreement around what makes general intelligence, the idea that increasing it would be as simple as practising a few mini-games every day goes against our current discovery about thinking and learning. (即使人们对一般智力的形成达成了一致，但增加一般智力只需每天练习几个小游戏就可以了，这一想法与我们目前关于思考和学习的发现背道而驰。)”可知，作者认为称每天练习小游戏能够提升智力是不准确的，即可推测，作者不赞同通过游戏化能够增加智力这一说法。故选C项。 16．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Yet, despite the fact that they hardly work, brain training apps play a leading role, partly because they are regarded to be scientific and partly because users think they are fun. (然而，尽管大脑训练应用程序几乎不起作用，但它们发挥着主导作用，部分原因是因为它们被认为是科学的，部分原因在于用户认为它们很有趣。)”可知，这些程序流行的原因是用户认为它们有趣且科学。故选B项。 17．主旨大意题。根据第一段二三句“We’ve been longing for quick fixes that could increase our intelligence (智力). Today, people’s hopes lie in brain training apps as a speedy “digital pill”. (我们一直渴望快速解决问题，以提高我们的智力。今天，人们的希望寄托于作为一种快速的“数字药丸”的大脑训练应用程序们上。)”可推测，本文探讨的核心在于这些“数字药丸”；根据用于引出下文的第一段最后一句“But is this digital-shortcut all that it seems to be? (但是，这条数字捷径看起来就是这样吗？)”可知，作者对这些“数字药丸”有没有效果表示存疑；而最后一段一二句“If you aren’t into games, simply go for a walk or learn how to dance. They are likely to be more effective than a brain training app in sharpening your mind. (如果你不喜欢游戏，那就去散步或学习跳舞。它们可能能比大脑训练应用程序更有效地磨砺你的头脑。)”指出作者最终得出结论，没有app类的“数字药丸”对提升智力有效，这是本文的标题。故选B项。 （23-24高一上·北京·期中）Since the early to mid-2010s, social media apps have made a permanent home in many people’s phones, and spending time on social media has become as much of a daily activity as drinking water. Since so many people are on it for much of their days — especially kids, teens, and young adults — there is increased concern over what social media is doing to people. Many argue that social media is an unhealthy way to pass the time, and that false information from online is causing confusion and panic. This type of thing happens with every generation when something new that people don’t understand comes along. So many people thought rock-and-roll was making teens morally bad, which really wasn’t the case. It is fair to say that the teenage years are hard, and that teens need an escape. Back before phones, teens would listen to rock music as a form of escapism, or they would watch TV, go to the movies, skate around, or dress up in crazy clothes. Unfortunately, all of those things at one point in time were blamed for being a bad influence on young people. Social media is the new tuck-and-roll: it’s a new thing, and people demonize (妖魔化) change. For example, many believe that everything on social media apps is filtered (加滤镜) and that seeing perfect people and their perfectly edited lives often leads to lots of negative emotions. However, models, magazines and movies have been using retouching (修整) tools for photos and media since Photoshop and other post-production services were invented. Social media has made it easier to see more edited pictures, but social media itself isn’t making people want to look a certain way. People should acknowledge that these pictures aren’t authentic, and the posts are made to look good on purpose. Social media is hot to blame for body confidence issues when the things people want to look like aren’t even real in the first place. It seems like most issues around social media are user errors, like anyone complaining there are too many people being addicted to social media. However, not everyone is addicted to social media; people who have any grasp on reality wouldn’t spend every waking second on the phone. It is really up to the individual how they use social media. Keeping up with the flood of posts, stories, and photos takes a lot of time — many young people admit that they spend hours on their phones every day. Yet, this seems like an easy problem to solve when the solution is simply clicking off the phone a couple hours early. So it is clear that moderation is the key to dealing with all the issues around social media. 18．Why does the author mention “rock-and-roll” in Paragraph 2? A．To predict the future of social media. B．To underline the advantages of social media. C．To analyze why social media is so popular today. D．To explain why social media is regarded as negative. 19．What does the author think of posting edited photos on social media apps? A．Disturbing. B．Understandable. C．Intolerable. D．Innovative. 20．What does the text suggest people do about social media? A．Make the best use of it. B．Completely stay away from it. C．Prohibit young people from using it. D．Spend reasonable amounts of time on it. 21．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．What makes us so addicted to social media? B．Why is social media so popular among teenagers? C．Should we depend on social media for information? D．Is it right to blame social media for all the problems? 【答案】18．D 19．B 20．D 21．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了人们对社交媒体对人们产生影响的担心及个人看法。 18．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“This type of thing happens with every generation when something new that people don’t understand comes along. So many people thought rock-and-roll was making teens morally bad, which really wasn’t the case.(当人们不理解的新事物出现时，每一代人都会发生这种事情。很多人认为摇滚乐让青少年道德败坏，事实并非如此)”及“Back before phones, teens would listen to rock music as a form of escapism, or they would watch TV, go to the movies, skate around, or dress up in crazy clothes. Unfortunately, all of those things at one point in time were blamed for being a bad influence on young people. Social media is the new rock-and-roll: it’s a new thing, and people demonize (妖魔化) change. (在手机出现之前，青少年会听摇滚乐作为一种逃避现实的方式，或者他们会看电视，去看电影，滑冰，或者穿疯狂的衣服。不幸的是，所有这些事情一度被认为对年轻人有不良影响。社交媒体是一种新摇滚：它是一种新事物，人们将变化妖魔化)”可推知，作者认为如同曾经摇滚乐被认为是不好的事物一样，人们认为社交媒体是一种新的摇滚，人们将其妖魔化，因此推断作者在第二段中提到“摇滚乐”是为了解释为什么社交媒体被认为是负面的原因。故选D。 19．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However, models, magazines and movies have been using retouching (修整) tools for photos and media since Photoshop and other post-production services were invented. Social media has made it easier to see more edited pictures, but social media itself isn’t making people want to look a certain way. People should acknowledge that these pictures aren’t authentic, and the posts are made to look good on purpose. (然而，自从Photoshop和其他后期制作服务被发明以来，模特、杂志和电影一直在使用照片和媒体的修饰工具。社交媒体让人们更容易看到经过编辑的图片，但社交媒体本身并没有让人们想要以特定的方式看待（问题）。人们应该承认这些照片是不真实的，这些帖子是故意做得好看的)”可推知，作者认为在社交媒体应用程序上发布编辑过的照片是可以理解的。故选B。 20．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Yet, this seems like an easy problem to solve when the solution is simply clicking off the phone a couple hours early. So it is clear that moderation is the key to dealing with all the issues around social media. (然而，这似乎是一个很容易解决的问题，因为解决方案只是提前几个小时关掉手机。因此，很明显，适度是处理所有社交媒体问题的关键)”可知，这篇文章建议人们在社交媒体上花合理的时间。故选D。 21．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Many argue that social media is an unhealthy way to pass the time, and that false information from online is causing confusion and panic. This type of thing happens with every generation when something new that people don’t understand comes along. (许多人认为，社交媒体是一种不健康的消磨时间的方式，来自网络的虚假信息正在造成混乱和恐慌。当人们不理解的新事物出现时，每一代人都会发生这种事情。)”及最后一段中的“It seems like most issues around social media are user errors, like anyone complaining there are too many people being addicted to social media. (似乎社交媒体的大多数问题都是用户的错误，比如有人抱怨有太多的人沉迷于社交媒体)”和“Yet, this seems like an easy problem to solve when the solution is simply clicking off the phone a couple hours early. So it is clear that moderation is the key to dealing with all the issues around social media. (然而，这似乎是一个很容易解决的问题，因为解决方案只是提前几个小时关掉手机。因此，很明显，适度是处理所有社交媒体问题的关键)”可知，文章对社交媒体带来的影响进行了陈述，并分析了造成这种现象的原因，作者认为解决社交媒体带来的问题的关键在于使用者应该学会适度使用。由此可知，Is it right to blame social media for all the problems?(把所有的问题都归咎于社交媒体对吗？)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。 （22-23高一上·北京·期中）As online learning becomes more common and more and more resources become digital form, some people have suggested that public libraries should be shut down and, in their place, everyone should be given an iPad. Supporters of this idea state that it will save local cities and towns money because libraries are expensive to maintain. They also believe it will encourage more people to read because they won’t have to travel to a library to get a book; they can simply click on what they want to read and read it from wherever they are. They could also access more materials because libraries won’t have to buy physical copies of books. However, it would be a serious mistake to replace libraries with iPads. First, digital books and resources are associated with less learning and more problems than print resources. A study done on tablet and book reading found that people read 20-30% slower on iPads, remember 20% less information, and understand 10% less of what they read compared to people who read the same information in print. Additionally, staring too long at a screen has been shown to cause some health problems, including dizziness, dry eyes, headaches, shoulder and back pain and so on. We should not add to these problems by giving people, especially young people, more reasons to look at screens. Second, it is incredibly narrow-minded to assume that the only service libraries offer is book lending. Libraries have more benefits, and many are only available if the library has a physical location. Some of these benefits include acting as a quiet study space, giving people a way to communicate with their neighbors, holding classes on a variety of topics, providing jobs and keeping the community connected. One neighborhood found that, after a local library instituted community events such as play times for kids and parents, job fairs for teenagers, and meeting spaces for senior citizens, over a third of residents reported feeling more connected to their community. Similarly, a survey conducted in 2015 found that nearly two-thirds of American adults feel that closing their local library would have a major impact on their community. People see libraries as a way to connect with others and get their questions answered and benefits iPads can’t offer nearly as well or as easily. While replacing libraries with iPads may seem like a simple solution, it would encourage people to spend even more time looking at digital screens, despite the issues surrounding them. It would also end access to many of the benefits of libraries that people have come to rely on. In many areas, libraries are such an important part of the community network that they could never be replaced by a simple object. 22．Digital reading supporters may agree that ________. A．the price is too high to maintain libraries B．iPads make people’s learning less convenient C．printed books are more efficient than digital ones D．iPads encourage people to spend more time on line 23．The author supports his idea in Paragraph 3 by________. A．listing figures and showing studying results B．highlighting the differences between the two media C．comparing reading efficiency through different media D．showing advantages and disadvantages of reading with iPads 24．What is the author’s attitude towards the functions of public libraries? A．Unconcerned. B．Confused. C．Positive. D．Negative. 25．What is the best title of the passage? A．Why IPads Encourage People to Read? B．Should Public Libraries Be Shut Down? C．Will IPads Take the Place of Public Libraries? D．How Are IPads And Public Libraries Different? 【答案】22．A 23．A 24．C 25．B 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了公共图书馆应不应该关闭的问题，介绍了支持关闭图书馆的人的理由以及作者对关闭图书馆的看法。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Supporters of this idea state that it will save local cities and towns money because libraries are expensive to maintain. (这种想法的支持者声称，这将节省当地城市和城镇的资金，因为图书馆的维护费用昂贵)”可知，数字阅读的支持者可能会同意A选项“维持图书馆的费用太高了”的观点。故选A。 23．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, it would be a serious mistake to replace libraries with iPads. First, digital books and resources are associated with less learning and more problems than print resources. A study done on tablet and book reading found that people read 20-30% slower on iPads, remember 20% less information, and understand 10% less of what they read compared to people who read the same information in print. Additionally, staring too long at a screen has been shown to cause some health problems, including dizziness, dry eyes, headaches, shoulder and back pain and so on. We should not add to these problems by giving people, especially young people, more reasons to look at screens.(然而，用iPad取代图书馆将是一个严重的错误。首先，与印刷资源相比，数字书籍和资源会带来更少的学习和更多的问题。一项关于平板电脑和书籍阅读的研究发现，与阅读纸质书的人相比，人们在iPad上阅读的速度要慢20-30%，记住的信息少20%，理解的内容少10%。此外，长时间盯着屏幕会导致一些健康问题，包括头晕、眼干、头痛、肩膀和背部疼痛等。我们不应该给人们，尤其是年轻人，更多看屏幕的理由，从而增加这些问题)”可推知，作者在第三段中通过列举数字和展示研究结果来支持他的观点。故选A。 24．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Second, it is incredibly narrow-minded to assume that the only service libraries offer is book lending. Libraries have more benefits, and many are only available if the library has a physical location. Some of these benefits include acting as a quiet study space, giving people a way to communicate with their neighbors, holding classes on a variety of topics, providing jobs and keeping the community connected. (其次，认为图书馆提供的唯一服务就是借书，这种想法太狭隘了。图书馆有更多的好处，而且很多只有在图书馆有物理位置时才可用。这些好处包括充当一个安静的学习空间，给人们提供一个与邻居交流的方式，举办各种主题的课程，提供就业机会，保持社区联系)”以及最后一段中“In many areas, libraries are such an important part of the community network that they could never be replaced by a simple object.(在许多领域，图书馆是社区网络的重要组成部分，它们永远无法被一个简单的对象所取代)”可推知，作者对公共图书馆的功能持积极态度。故选C。 25．主旨大意题。根据第一段“As online learning becomes more common and more and more resources become digital form, some people have suggested that public libraries should be shut down and, in their place, everyone should be given an iPad. (随着在线学习变得越来越普遍，越来越多的资源变成数字形式，一些人建议关闭公共图书馆，并给每个人一个iPad)”结合文章主要论述了公共图书馆应不应该关闭的问题，介绍了支持关闭图书馆的人的理由以及作者对关闭图书馆的看法。可知，B选项“公共图书馆应该关闭吗？”最符合文章标题。故选B。 （22-23高一上·北京·期中）A character in one of Shakespeare's plays once said, "Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them." Any of these could apply to the modern day sportsmen. Many still argue about the nature of talent. Some claim that people are born to be sportsmen, while others say it is only through devotion and hard work that they achieve their abilities. Arguably though, it is not until their talents are acknowledged by the public that they truly have greatness fallen upon them. With this acknowledgement of their "greatness" come all the trappings of modern day celebrity：money, power, influence and responsibility. For better or for worse, like it or hate it, modern sportsmen are the role models of children everywhere. These children will grow up admiring their heroes, devoting their lives to copying their every move, and wanting above all to be like them. Due to this fascination，particularly with the massive influence of the media, it is more important than ever for these sportsmen to acknowledge their responsibility. In the past few months alone, there have been many examples of questionable behaviors from sports icons. Sport stars of the present day are often mirroring the very worst aspects of society, a fact that the self-righteous(自以为是的) anger of the modern press has been quick to point out. It would be wrong for us to expect sportsmen to be saints. It would also be wrong for us to think that their behavior is markedly different from the sportsmen they grew up watching, but with the all-seeing eye of modern media it is a different world，and different standards must be expected. Of course there is no obligation for sportsmen to be good role models. There are no prison sentences, no fines, no community service—unless their behaviors are illegal. Unless they break the law, it is entirely up to them as to whether or not they think their behavior is appropriate. Furthermore, measuring the true influence their decisions have on their followers is absolutely impossible. Some will rise against their idols, seeing them in a new light and condemning their actions. Others may copy their heroes' actions, using them as a shield when accused of the same crimes. It is undeniable that the actions of sportsmen will influence the lives of those who worship them. Modern day sportsmen are almost ideals of today's world, and their actions are watched carefully by millions over the world. Some may complain against it, denying their influence on these children's lives. Others may be aware of it but not respect it, while many may both be aware of it and respect it. In a word, you do not choose whether you are a role model. All you can do is to decide how to act when greatness is thrust upon you. 26．In Paragraph 1, the author tries to emphasize________. A．sportsmen become great when their gifts are recognized by people B．sportsmen achieve greatness through their devotion and efforts C．different ways for sportsmen to achieve success and greatness D．the core characteristic to become great sportsmen nowadays 27．According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that________. A．role models usually have positive influence on their fans B．sportsmen have the right to behave freely within the law C．all the fans will follow their heroes' actions D．no obligation is given to sportsmen 28．The underlined phrase thrust upon most probably means________. A．palled off B．removed from C．related to D．forced on 29．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To advise the media to choose proper events to report. B．To inform the public that sportsmen are no role models. C．To remind the sportsmen of their social responsibilities. D．To argue that sportsmen should not be expected as herons. 【答案】26．A 27．B 28．D 29．C 【分析】这是一篇议论文，很多有名的运动员成为孩子的偶像，他们的言行对崇拜他们的人有很大影响，因此应注意自身的言行，履行社会责任。 26．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Arguably though, it is not until their talents are acknowledged by the public that they truly have greatness fallen upon them.(然而，尽管有争议，直到他们的才能得到公众的认可，他们才真正伟大。)”可知，第一段试图强调运动员的天赋被人们认可时才会变得伟大。故选A项。 27．细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“Of course there is no obligation for sportsmen to be good role models. There are no prison sentences, no fines, no community service—unless their behaviors are illegal.(当然，运动员没有义务成为好的榜样。没有监禁判决，没有罚款，没有社区服务——除非他们的行为是违法的。)”可知，运动员有在法律范围内自由行动的权利。故选B项。 28．短语猜测题。根据划线短语前一句“Some are born great，some achieve greatness”可知，有些人生来伟大，有些人通过努力获得伟大，划线短语所在句“and some have greatness thrust upon them”是讲述另一种变得伟大的方式，应是“被迫变得伟大”，“thrust upon”意为“被迫”，故选D项。 29．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段最后一句“Due to this fascination, particularly with the massive influence of the media, it is more important than ever for these sportsmen to acknowledge their responsibility.(由于这种迷恋，尤其是媒体的巨大影响，对这些运动员来说，承认他们的责任比以往任何时候都重要。)”可知，本文主要讲述运动员成为很多人的偶像，他们的行为影响着崇拜他们的人，所以本文的目的是提醒运动员他们所承担的社会责任。故选C项。 （22-23高一上·北京·期中）The human brain remembers negative experiences more easily than positive ones. Our brains have developed in this way because threats, like dangerous animals, have a more immediate effect on people’s survival compared to positive things like food or shelter. As a result, you clearly know what makes you unhappy, but do you know what makes you happy? Research suggests that our level of happiness is partly shaped by the choices we make. If you’ve been chasing wealth, fame, power and some material things, you may be looking for happiness in the wrong places. Psychologists suggest that the following habits can make people happier. People who own close relationships tend to be happier than those who do not. The number of our friends is not important. What matters is the quality of our relationships. Relationships that bring happiness usually consist of the sharing of feelings, acceptance, mutual (双方的) respect and trust. People who exercise regularly can improve both their physical and mental well-being. Some research has shown that exercise can be as effective as some medicine in treating depression. If we are so interested in an activity, we may lose track of time, and we can be in a state of flow. The activity could be playing the piano, surfing the Internet or playing a game… People who experience flow in their work or life tend to be happier. People are more likely to be happy if they know what their strengths are and can use them regularly. People are especially happy when they can set goals and use their strengths to achieve them. People, who think positively by being grateful, mindful and optimistic, are more likely to be happy. Being grateful means being thankful. Being mindful means considering, focusing on, and enjoying the experiences of the present moment. Being optimistic means being hopeful about the future. 30．Why do Human brains remember negative things more easily? A．Because negative things tend to affect human survival immediately B．Because negative things are easy to remember C．Because negative things are much more important than other things D．Because negative things can make people live much happier 31．According to this passage, in which of the following can people not find happiness? A．making friends B．doing sports C．playing the violin D．chasing power 32．In the last paragraph, what does author try to tell us? A．We should think more about our future. B．We should be positive in our life and work. C．We should focus on everything in our life. D．We should only enjoy the present moment. 33．What does the passage mainly want to tell us? A．Why people remember positive things easily. B．Why people remember negative things easily. C．Some habits that make people happy. D．The habits the people form in their life. 【答案】30．A 31．D 32．B 33．C 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章作者介绍了生活中的哪些事情可以让我们快乐，同时告诉我们应该积极地对待生活和工作。 30．细节理解题。根据第一段Our brains have developed in this way because threats, like dangerous animals, have a more immediate effect on people’s survival compared to positive things like food or shelter.（我们的大脑之所以以这种方式发展，是因为威胁，比如危险的动物，比食物或住所等积极的东西对人类的生存有更直接的影响）可知人脑更容易记住消极的东西是因为消极的事情往往会立即影响人类的生存。故选A。 31．细节理解题。根据第二段If you’ve been chasing wealth, fame, power and some material things, you may be looking for happiness in the wrong places.（如果你一直在追求财富、名望、权力和一些物质的东西，你可能在错误的地方寻找幸福）可知追逐权力并不能让人们找到幸福。故选D。 32．推理判断题。根据最后一段People, who think positively by being grateful, mindful and optimistic, are more likely to be happy. Being grateful means being thankful. Being mindful means considering, focusing on, and enjoying the experiences of the present moment. Being optimistic means being hopeful about the future.（通过感恩、留心和乐观来积极思考的人更有可能快乐。感恩意味着欣慰。用心意味着考虑、专注和享受当下的经历。乐观意味着对未来充满希望）可推知，在最后一段，作者想告诉我们应该积极地对待生活和工作。故选B。 33．主旨大意题。根据第一段As a result, you clearly know what makes you unhappy, but do you know what makes you happy?（因此，你清楚地知道什么使你不快乐，但你知道什么使你快乐吗?）结合下文，作者介绍了生活中的哪些事情可以让我们快乐，所以这篇文章主要是想告诉我们一些让人快乐的习惯。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$