精品解析：北京市八一学校2024-2025学年高三上学期开学摸底测试英语试题

北京市八一学校 2024-2025学年第一学期开学摸底测试 高 三 英 语 (考试时间: 90分钟 试卷满分: 100分) 2024.08 第一部分： 知识运用 (共两节， 30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题; 每小题1.5分， 共15分) 阅读下面短文， 掌握其大意， 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中， 选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Years of living with a lisp (口齿不清) had taught me it was better not to say anything than to speak and risk embarrassment. As a result of my ____1____, I felt distanced from most of my peer. “ Kathy? Oh, she’s quiet.” That’s what most people would say when they talked of me, as if “ Quiet” were part of my name. I was okay with that. I didn’t need to be ____2____. Last September, however, that all ____3____. I started my creative writing class with Ms. Haist. Every day we would be given a different writing task and, if we wished, we could share what we had written. I remember listening to others read their work and thinking: “ That will never be me. I’ ll never have the ____4____ to do that.” One day, I was really pleased with what I had written and wanted to share. My heart was beating wildly as I raised my hand. Those ____5____ little voices were ringing in my ear, “ You have a lisp, remember? Besides, your writing isn’t that good. Be quiet.” I was about to ____6____ my hand when I met Ms. Haist’s encouraging eyes. I swallowed the voices down and let my real voice ____7____. I could hear it ____8____ as I read, and I could hear every stutter (结巴) and mistake. I finished reading, waiting to be laughed at. Unexpectedly, I heard claps from the class and praise from Ms. Haist. The next day, I did it again. Soon I was reading out loud nearly every day. Gradually I realized that ____9____ my lisp, the class and the teacher always appreciated my writing. Now I may still not be the most outgoing, social person, but I’ve become better at oral presentations. I even read my poetry out loud at a reading club. Every time those little voices try to tell me to be quiet, I think of all the encouragement I received in class and I know that I ____10____ to be heard. 1. A. embarrassment B. excitement C. humor D. silence 2. A. seen B. heard C. followed D. protected 3. A. changed B. returned C. developed D. disappeared 4. A. time B. courage C. patience D. evidence 5. A. tired B. funny C. urgent D. cheerful 6. A. touch B. wave C. extend D. withdraw 7. A. go down B. die away C. come out D. calm down 8. A. shaking B. singing C. shouting D. deepening 9. A. thanks to B. despite C. instead of D. except 10. A. fear B. agree C. deserve D. pretend 第二节 语法填空(共10小题; 每小题1.5分， 共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I was lucky enough to attend the sixth UN Economic and Social Council Youth Forum, ____11____ was held in New York in January. At the opening ceremony, I was so impressed after meeting more than 500 fellow young people from over 200 countries and regions. I felt things I used to worry about, such as my exams or performance at school, were so small ____12____ (compare) to the global problems they were trying to solve. As young people, we should focus more on major problems, like ____13____ (poor), environmental problems and healthcare facing all human beings. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A BBC film crew was working on the remote Lord Howe Island for a new wildlife documentary called Drowning in Plastic. They filmed many birds that ____14____ (die) for no clear reason. After some research, they found out the truth — what caused the death of the birds was that their stomachs were ____15____ (literal) too full of plastic. The documentary team also filmed biologists working on the island to save the birds. The scientists captured hundreds of chicks and removed plastic from their stomachs ____16____ (give) them a chance of survival. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Nowadays, many people have more than one job, or a slash career. For people ____17____ (encourage) slash careers, secondary jobs ____18____ (become) enjoyable if they can include interests the primary job doesn’t touch. On the other hand, a slash career can be dangerous ____19____ work-life balance. Working more than one job can fill up all of your time. One might give up necessary things like relaxation, exercise or time with one’s family. People with slash careers need to think carefully about ____20____ they use their time. 第二部分： 阅读理解 (共两节， 38分) 第一节 阅读理解(共14小题; 每小题2分， 共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中， 选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A This Tiny Box Will Help You Relax In Terrible Summer Heat! Traditional Air Conditioners (AC) are outdated. They cost a lot to install and even more to run. They are huge, noisy, and dangerous to clean. You can’t move them around the house with you or take them outside! Thousands of people are now using a much cheaper alternative to cool themselves in the heat and clean their personal air. With over million units sold worldwide, this device is becoming one of the most successful gadgets of 2019. EVERYONE wants this awesome looking box for summer! What Are We Talking About? Meet the new AirFreez, an innovative alternative to AC that cools you just the same! It’s a perfect solution for those very hot days and nights! The AirFreez was designed by two Swiss engineers who were fed up suffering the hot summers. They realized that AC units are super inefficient and cost a lot of money to use. The engineers also discovered that none of the traditional AC units were made to travel with. So, they designed this light-weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model! It’s tiny, easy to use and it can cool you in seconds! What Is So Special About This Little Box? The main benefits of AirFreez are its portability and price. It is no larger than a lunchbox. Besides, it can be powered by a pocket solar panel or battery pack and you probably have the world’s most portable AC unit. And There Is One More Thing. The price is just amazing. Most AC units cost at least $300 AND you have to pay for installation PLUS cover the expensive electricity bills each month. AirFreez costs less than $100 (Actually $53 for each if you buy more than one here). No messy installation, no expensive electricity bills. For a Cooling unit of this quality, this must be the single best price-quality AC unit there is! How Can You Get An AirFreez? Now that you are aware of this amazing new invention, here is how to get one-order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE. 21. Which of the following words can best describe AirFreez? A Smart but heavy. B. Costly but multi-functional. C. Foldable and lasting. D. Handy and energy-saving. 22. What can we learn about AirFreez? A. It costs less than $53. B. It requires no complex installation. C. It doesn’t consume electricity. D. It is a little larger than a lunch box. 23. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To advertise Airfreez B. To explain the functions of AirFreez. C. To introduce the inventors of AirFreez. D. To compare AirFreez with traditional AC. B I got married just after I graduated from college and found a job to support our family at the nearby Massachusettes Institute of Technology (MIT). It was in the laboratory of Prof. Edward Lorenz that I learned what a computer was and how to develop software. One day my husband saw a newspaper advertisement. The MIT Instrumentation Laboratory was looking for people to develop software to “send man to the moon”. Deeply attracted both by the idea and the fact that it had never been done before, I became the first programmer to join and the first woman the lab hired. At the beginning, nobody thought software was such a big deal. But then they began to realize how much they were relying on it. Our software needed to be very reliable and able to detect an error and recover from it at any time during the mission. My daughter, Lauren, liked to intimate me—playing astronaut. One day, she was with me when I was doing a simulation (模拟) of a mission to the moon. She started hitting keys and all of a sudden, she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon. I thought: my God—this could happen by accident in a real mission. I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight. But the higher-ups at MIT and NASA said the astronauts were too well trained to make such a mistake. On the very next mission , Apollo 8, one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done. The Lauren bug! It created destruction and required the mission to be rearranged. After that, they let me put the program change in. It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11. During the early days of Apollo, software was not taken as seriously as other engineering disciplines (学科).It was out of desperation I came up with the term “software engineering”. Then one day in a meeting, one of the most respected hardware experts explained to everyone that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline, just like with hardware. It was a memorable moment. 24. What do we know about the author? A. She taught Lauren to write software. B. She got her master's degree from MIT. C. She is the first woman ever hired by MIT. D. She created the term “software engineering”. 25. “The Lauren bug” in Para.5 refers to ______. A. a pet to accompany Lauren B. a mission to land on the moon C. a mistake causing data loss D. a software ending prelaunch 26. What greatly contributed to Apollo 11's success according to the passage? A. The in-time upload of data. B. The program change. C. Astronauts' rich experience. D. Experts' new attitude. 27. What can we learn from Margaret's story? A. Honesty is the best policy. B. A good beginning is half done. C. Two heads are better than one. D. Chances favor the prepared mind. Is it true that our brain alone is responsible for human cognition (认知)? What about our body? Is it possible for thought and behavior to originate from somewhere other than our brain? Psychologists who study Embodied Cognition (EC) ask similar questions. The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem- solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure. If you think about it for a moment, it makes total sense. When you smell something good or hear amusing sounds, certain emotions are awakened. Think about how newborns use their senses to understand the world around them. They don’t have emotions so much as needs — they don’t feel sad, they’ re just hungry and need food. Even unborn babies can feel their mothers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real world, they cry when they’ re cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to associate being warm with being loved. Understandably, theorists have been arguing for years and still disagree on whether the brain is the nerve center that operates the rest of the body. Older Western philosóphers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact, while EC theorises that the brain and body are working together as an organic supercomputer, processing everything and forming your reactions. Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction! In one experiment, test subjects were asked to judge people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than coolness. And it works the other way too; in another study, subjects’ fingertip temperatures were measured after being included in or“ rejected” from a group task. Those who were included felt physically warmer. For further proof, we can look at the metaphors (比方说法) that we use without even thinking. A kind and sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock. And this kind of metaphorical use is common across languages. Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it? If you’re having a bad day, a warm cup of tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know you’re physically cold, warm up before making any interpersonal decisions. 28. According to the author, the significance of the EC theory lies in________. A. facilitating our understanding of the origin of psychology B. revealing the major role of the mind in human cognition C. offering a clearer picture of the shape of human brain D. bringing us closer to the truth in human cognition 29. The experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4 further prove ________. A. how body temperature is related to health B. the mind and the body influence each other C. environment impacts how we judge others D. how humans interact with their surroundings 30. What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A. To share with the reader ways to release their emotions. B. To guide the reader onto the path to career success. C. To encourage the reader to put EC into practice. D. To deepen the reader’s understanding of EC. D If you look across the entire lifespan, what you see is an average increase in desirable personality traits（特点）.Psychologists call this the “maturity principle” and it’s comforting to know that, assuming your personality follows a typical course, then the older you get, the maturer you will become. However, it’s not such good news for young adolescents, because at this point, something known as the “disruption hypothesis” kicks in. Consider a study of Dutch teenagers who completed personality tests each year for six or seven years from 2005. The boys showed a temporary dip in conscientiousness—orderliness and self-discilpline in early adolescence, and the girls showed a temporary increase in neuroticism—emotional instability. This seems to back up some of the stereotypes we have of messy teen bedrooms and mood swings. Thankfully, this decline in personality is short-lived, with the Dutch data showing that the teenagers’ previous positive traits rebound（反弹）in later adolescence. Both parents and their teenage children agree that changes occur, but surprisingly, the perceived change can depend on who is measuring, according to a 2017 study of over 2,700 German teenagers. They rated their own personalities twice, at age 11 and age 14, and their parents also rated their personalities at these times. Some differences emerged: for instance, while the teenagers rated themselves as declining in agreeability, their parents saw this decline as much shaper. Also, the teens saw themselves as increasingly extroverted（外向的）, but their parents saw them as increasingly introverted. This mismatch can perhaps be explained by the big changes underway in the parent-child relationship brought on by teenagers’ growing desire for autonomy and privacy. The researchers point out that parents and teens might also be using different reference points—parents are measuring their teenagers’ traits against a typical adult, while the teenagers are comparing their own traits against those displayed by their peers. This is in line with several further studies, which also reveal a pattern of a temporary reduction in advantageous traits in early adolescence. The general picture of the teenage years as a temporary personality “disruption” therefore seems accurate. In fact, we’re only just beginning to understand the complex mix of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to individual patterns of personality change. Studies also offer some clues for how we might create more nurturing environments for teenagers to aid their personality development. This is an approach worth pushing further given that teenage personality traits are predictive of experiences in later life. For instance, one British study of over 4,000 teenagers showed that those who scores lower in conscientiousness were twice as likely to be unemployed later in life, in comparison with those who scored higher. People focus so much on teaching teenagers facts and getting them to pass exams, but perhaps they ought to pay at least as much attention to helping nurture their personalities. 31. Which of the following can be an example of “disruption hypothesis”? A. A kindergarten kid cries over a toy. B A boy in high school cleans his own room. C A teenage girl feels sad for unknown reason. D. A college graduate feels stressed out by work. 32. According to the study of German teenagers ______. A. parent give their teens too much automony and privacy B. teens are more optimistic about their personality changes C. teens and parents have the same personality rating standard D. parents and teens can later agree on teens’ personality decline 33. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that ______. A. teens should pay less attention to their scores in exams B. developing teens’ personality has a long-term effect in their life C. people’s success in later life depends on teenage personality traits D. environmental factors outweigh genetic ones for personality change 34. What is the author’s attitude towards present teenager personality education? A. Dissatisfied. B. Approving. C. Neutral. D. Cautious. 第二节 (共5 小题; 每小题2分， 共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 At one point or another, you’ve probably heard someone speak with confidence on a topic that they actually know almost nothing about. This phenomenon is known as the Dunning-Kruger effect, which refers to the finding that people who are relatively unskilled or unknowledgeable in a particular subject sometimes have the tendency to overestimate their knowledge and abilities. In a set of studies, researchers Justin Kruger and David Dunning asked participants to complete tests of their skills in a particular domain. Then, participants were asked to guess how well they had done on the test. ___35___ This effect was most pronounced among participants with the lowest scores on the test. David Dunning explains that “the knowledge and intelligence that are required to be good at a task are often the same qualities needed to recognize that one is not good at that task.” In other words, if someone knows very little about a particular topic, they may not even know enough about the topic to realize that their knowledge is limited. Importantly, someone may be highly skilled in one area, but be influenced by the Dunning-Kruger effect in another domain.___36___ If people who know very little about a topic think they’re experts, what do experts think of themselves? Interestingly, Dunning and Kruger found that although experts typically guessed their performance was above average, they didn’t realize quite how well they had done. They often make a different mistake:___37___ What can people do to overcome the effect? Dunning and Kruger once had some of the participants take a logic test and then complete a short training session on logical reasoning. After the training, the participants were asked to assess how they’d done on the previous test. ___38___ Afterward, the participants who scored in the bottom 25 percent lowered their estimate of how well they thought they had done on the initial test. In other words, one way to overcome the effect may be to learn more about a topic. The Dunning-Kruger effect suggests that we may not always know as much as we think we do. ___39___ However, by challenging ourselves to learn more and by reading about opposing views, we can work to overcome the effect. A. Researchers found that the training made a difference. B. They assume that everyone else is knowledgeable, too. C. This happens when people don’t know much about a topic. D All of them had a more accurate view of their performance. E. They found that participants tended to overestimate their abilities. F. This means that everyone can potentially be affected by the Dunning-Kruger effect. G. In some domains, we may not know enough about a topic to realize that we are unskilled. 第三部分： 书面表达 (共32分) 第一节 阅读表达(共4 小题; 第40、41题各 2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分, 共12分)。 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 The Power of Determination Your quest for success and happiness begins with right intentions. It culminates (达到顶点) when you reach your chosen goals. What sustains your effort in between is your determination. What carries you towards your goals is your determination. It means the firmness of purpose or intention. If there is one gift that you can give to yourself in your life to be what you want to be, it is the power of determination. Without it you are a mere passive spectator in the drama of your life. If there is one quality that makes a difference between a winner and a loser or a leader and a follower, it is the power of determination. Without it, you may dream wild dreams, but you will not accomplish much in life. If you have determination, nothing can stop you and deter you from following your course of action to achieve your goals or realize your dreams. Obstacles may arise and obstruct your progress. They may delay your success, disturb you temporarily, and may even mislead you, but they cannot withstand the power of determination. It is the power that you generate within yourself to remain committed to your path and conviction, and march towards your cherished goals. Before you take up any project or goal, you should know whether you have the determination to stick to your plans and reach your goals. Your determination has to arise from within and derive its reinforcement from your thinking and beliefs rather than circumstances. Only then will you be able to sustain your effort, even when the going gets tough. Determination is your inner strength. Like the hardwood inside a tree, it gives you the power to stand tall and face the winds of turmoil. With determination, you can crush the mountains of fear and doubts in you. You can find your way through the most difficult situations. Determination does not mean you will be insensitive to the reality of the situation. A determined person is also an adaptable and flexible person. He is not interested in being tough for toughness sake, but to overcome obstacles and reach his goals. Hence, he remains open-minded about possibilities and opportunities, but firm in his commitment and convictions. Discipline and determination go together. If you have them, you become unstoppable. 40. According to the passage, what is determination? 41. What would happen if one does not have determination? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement then underline it and explain why. With determination, you can crush the mountains of fear and doubts in you, and you will not make changes. 43. How does being determined benefit you? (In about 40 words) 第二节 (共20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校外教Jim的线上英语课被评为“最受欢迎的线上课”，请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.表示祝贺； 2.表达你对该课程的喜爱，并解释原因。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 北京市八一学校 2024-2025学年第一学期开学摸底测试 高 三 英 语 (考试时间: 90分钟 试卷满分: 100分) 2024.08 第一部分： 知识运用 (共两节， 30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题; 每小题1.5分， 共15分) 阅读下面短文， 掌握其大意， 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中， 选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Years of living with a lisp (口齿不清) had taught me it was better not to say anything than to speak and risk embarrassment. As a result of my ____1____, I felt distanced from most of my peer. “ Kathy? Oh, she’s quiet.” That’s what most people would say when they talked of me, as if “ Quiet” were part of my name. I was okay with that. I didn’t need to be ____2____. Last September, however, that all ____3____. I started my creative writing class with Ms. Haist. Every day we would be given a different writing task and, if we wished, we could share what we had written. I remember listening to others read their work and thinking: “ That will never be me. I’ ll never have the ____4____ to do that.” One day, I was really pleased with what I had written and wanted to share. My heart was beating wildly as I raised my hand. Those ____5____ little voices were ringing in my ear, “ You have a lisp, remember? Besides, your writing isn’t that good. Be quiet.” I was about to ____6____ my hand when I met Ms. Haist’s encouraging eyes. I swallowed the voices down and let my real voice ____7____. I could hear it ____8____ as I read, and I could hear every stutter (结巴) and mistake. I finished reading, waiting to be laughed at. Unexpectedly, I heard claps from the class and praise from Ms. Haist. The next day, I did it again. Soon I was reading out loud nearly every day. Gradually I realized that ____9____ my lisp, the class and the teacher always appreciated my writing. Now I may still not be the most outgoing, social person, but I’ve become better at oral presentations. I even read my poetry out loud at a reading club. Every time those little voices try to tell me to be quiet, I think of all the encouragement I received in class and I know that I ____10____ to be heard. 1. A. embarrassment B. excitement C. humor D. silence 2. A. seen B. heard C. followed D. protected 3. A. changed B. returned C. developed D. disappeared 4. A. time B. courage C. patience D. evidence 5. A. tired B. funny C. urgent D. cheerful 6. A. touch B. wave C. extend D. withdraw 7. A. go down B. die away C. come out D. calm down 8. A. shaking B. singing C. shouting D. deepening 9. A. thanks to B. despite C. instead of D. except 10. A. fear B. agree C. deserve D. pretend 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个因口齿不清而沉默的女孩，在写作课上克服障碍，勇敢发声的故事。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于我的沉默，我感到与大多数同龄人疏远了。A. embarrassment尴尬；B. excitement兴奋；C. humor幽默；D. silence沉默。根据前文“Years of living with a lisp had taught me it was better not to say anything than to speak and risk embarrassment.”可知，由于口齿不清，作者一直选择沉默，因此此处指由于沉默而感到与同龄人疏远。故选D。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不需要被听到。A. seen看到；B. heard听到；C. followed跟随；D. protected保护。根据前文“as if “ Quiet” were part of my name. I was okay with that. I didn’t need to be”可知，此处指作者不需要被听到，因为作者一直选择沉默，不想被人注意到。故选B。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，去年九月，这一切都改变了。A. changed改变；B. returned返回；C. developed发展；D. disappeared消失。根据前文“however”及后文“I started my creative writing class with Ms. Haist.”可知，作者开始上创意写作课，这是作者生活中的一个改变。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我永远不会有勇气那样做。A. time时间；B. courage勇气；C. patience耐心；D. evidence证据。根据前文“I remember listening to others read their work and thinking: ‘That will never be me.’”可知，作者一直认为自己永远不会像别人那样大声朗读自己的作品，因此此处指作者认为自己缺乏去朗读自己作品的勇气。故选B。 【5题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那些急切的小声音在我耳边响起，“你有口齿不清的毛病，记得吗？再说，你的写作也不是那么好。安静点。”A. tired疲惫的；B. funny有趣的；C. urgent急切的；D. cheerful快乐的。根据后文“You have a lisp, remember? Besides, your writing isn’t that good. Be quiet.”可知，这些声音是试图阻止作者发言的内心对话，所以是急切的声音。故选C。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我正要收回我的手时，遇到了Haist女士鼓励的目光。A. touch触摸；B. wave挥手；C. extend延伸；D. withdraw收回。根据前文“You have a lisp, remember? Besides, your writing isn’t that good. Be quiet.”可知，那些声音试图阻止作者发言，作者想要收回她举起的手以避免发言。故选D。 【7题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我吞下了那些声音，让我的真实声音流露出来。A. go down下降；B. die away逐渐消失；C. come out出来，发表；D. calm down冷静下来。根据前文“I swallowed the voices down”可知，作者吞下了那些阻止自己大声朗读的声音，决定克服内心的恐惧，让自己的真实声音表现出来。故选C。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我朗读时，我能听到它在颤抖，我能听到每一个结巴和错误。A. shaking颤抖；B. singing唱歌；C. shouting呼喊；D. deepening加深。根据后文“and I could hear every stutter and mistake.”可知，作者因紧张导致在读的时候声音在颤抖，能听到结巴和错误。故选A。 【9题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：渐渐地我意识到，尽管我有口齿不清的毛病，但同学和老师总是很欣赏我的写作。A. thanks to多亏；B. despite尽管；C. instead of代替；D. except除了。根据后文“my lisp”及“the class and the teacher always appreciated my writing”可知，前后为转折关系，因此此处指尽管作者有口齿不清的毛病，但同学们和老师总是很欣赏作者的写作。故选B。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次那些小声音试图告诉我保持安静时，我都会想起我在课堂上得到的所有鼓励，我知道我值得被听到。A. fear害怕；B. agree同意；C. deserve值得；D. pretend假装。根据前文“Every time those little voices try to tell me to be quiet, I think of all the encouragement I received in class”可知，作者在课堂上得到了很多鼓励，因此作者认为自己值得被听到。故选C。 第二节 语法填空(共10小题; 每小题1.5分， 共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I was lucky enough to attend the sixth UN Economic and Social Council Youth Forum, ____11____ was held in New York in January. At the opening ceremony, I was so impressed after meeting more than 500 fellow young people from over 200 countries and regions. I felt things I used to worry about, such as my exams or performance at school, were so small ____12____ (compare) to the global problems they were trying to solve. As young people, we should focus more on major problems, like ____13____ (poor), environmental problems and healthcare facing all human beings. 【答案】11. which 12. compared 13. poverty 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者今年1月参加在纽约举行的第六届联合国经济及社会理事会青年论坛的经历。 【11题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：今年1月，我有幸参加了在纽约举行的第六届联合国经济及社会理事会青年论坛。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the sixth UN Economic and Social Council Youth Forum，先行词指物，关系词替代先行词在从句作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我觉得我过去担心的事情，比如我的考试或在学校的表现，与他们试图解决的全球问题相比，都是微不足道的。短语be compared to表示“与……相比”，过去分词作状语。故填compared。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：作为年轻人，我们应该更多地关注如人类面临的贫困、环境问题和医疗保健等重大问题。作介词宾语，应用名词poverty，不可数。故填poverty。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A BBC film crew was working on the remote Lord Howe Island for a new wildlife documentary called Drowning in Plastic. They filmed many birds that ____14____ (die) for no clear reason. After some research, they found out the truth — what caused the death of the birds was that their stomachs were ____15____ (literal) too full of plastic. The documentary team also filmed biologists working on the island to save the birds. The scientists captured hundreds of chicks and removed plastic from their stomachs ____16____ (give) them a chance of survival. 【答案】14. had died 15. literally 16. to give 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。英国广播公司的一个摄制组当时正在遥远的豪勋爵岛拍摄一部名为《溺死在塑料中》的野生动物纪录片。他们拍摄了许多不明原因死亡的鸟类。 【14题详解】 考查时态。句意：他们拍摄了许多不明原因死亡的鸟类。die是定语从句谓语动词，从句表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had died。 【15题详解】 考查副词。句意：经过一番研究，他们发现了真相——导致这些鸟死亡的原因是它们的胃里真地塞满了塑料。修饰too full应用副词literally作状语。故填literally。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们捕获了数百只小鸟，并从它们的胃里取出塑料，给它们生存的机会。此处give在句中作目的状语，应用不定式形式。故填to give。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Nowadays, many people have more than one job, or a slash career. For people ____17____ (encourage) slash careers, secondary jobs ____18____ (become) enjoyable if they can include interests the primary job doesn’t touch. On the other hand, a slash career can be dangerous ____19____ work-life balance. Working more than one job can fill up all of your time. One might give up necessary things like relaxation, exercise or time with one’s family. People with slash careers need to think carefully about ____20____ they use their time. 【答案】17. encouraging 18. will become 19. for 20. how 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了斜杠职业的利弊及其对工作与生活平衡的影响。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：对于鼓励斜杠职业的人来说，第二份工作如果能够包含主要工作没有触及的兴趣，那么它就会变得有趣。根据空前people及所给单词encourage和句子结构可知，空处需填非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词people，people与encourage构成主动关系，应用现在分词形式，作后置定语，指的是那些鼓励斜杠职业的人们。故填encouraging。 【18题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：对于鼓励斜杠职业的人来说，第二份工作如果能够包含主要工作没有触及的兴趣，那么它就会变得有趣。空处是句子的谓语动词，表达未来可能发生的情况，即当第二份工作包含了主要工作中未涉及的兴趣时，它将变得有趣，应用一般将来时。故填will become。 【19题详解】 考查介词。句意：另一方面，斜杠职业对工作与生活的平衡是危险的。根据句意及空前“be dangerous”可知，空处应用介词for表示“对……来说”，构成短语be dangerous for ...“对……来说是危险的”。故填for。 【20题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：从事斜杠职业的人需要仔细考虑如何利用时间。根据空前谓语动词need及空后谓语动词use可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语，应用连接副词how表示“如何”。故填how。 第二部分： 阅读理解 (共两节， 38分) 第一节 阅读理解(共14小题; 每小题2分， 共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中， 选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A This Tiny Box Will Help You Relax In Terrible Summer Heat! Traditional Air Conditioners (AC) are outdated. They cost a lot to install and even more to run. They are huge, noisy, and dangerous to clean. You can’t move them around the house with you or take them outside! Thousands of people are now using a much cheaper alternative to cool themselves in the heat and clean their personal air. With over million units sold worldwide, this device is becoming one of the most successful gadgets of 2019. EVERYONE wants this awesome looking box for summer! What Are We Talking About? Meet the new AirFreez, an innovative alternative to AC that cools you just the same! It’s a perfect solution for those very hot days and nights! The AirFreez was designed by two Swiss engineers who were fed up suffering the hot summers. They realized that AC units are super inefficient and cost a lot of money to use. The engineers also discovered that none of the traditional AC units were made to travel with. So, they designed this light-weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model! It’s tiny, easy to use and it can cool you in seconds! What Is So Special About This Little Box? The main benefits of AirFreez are its portability and price. It is no larger than a lunchbox. Besides, it can be powered by a pocket solar panel or battery pack and you probably have the world’s most portable AC unit. And There Is One More Thing. The price is just amazing. Most AC units cost at least $300 AND you have to pay for installation PLUS cover the expensive electricity bills each month. AirFreez costs less than $100 (Actually $53 for each if you buy more than one here). No messy installation, no expensive electricity bills. For a Cooling unit of this quality, this must be the single best price-quality AC unit there is! How Can You Get An AirFreez? Now that you are aware of this amazing new invention, here is how to get one-order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE. 21 Which of the following words can best describe AirFreez? A. Smart but heavy. B. Costly but multi-functional. C. Foldable and lasting. D. Handy and energy-saving. 22. What can we learn about AirFreez? A. It costs less than $53. B. It requires no complex installation. C. It doesn’t consume electricity. D. It is a little larger than a lunch box. 23. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To advertise Airfreez B. To explain the functions of AirFreez. C. To introduce the inventors of AirFreez. D. To compare AirFreez with traditional AC. 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇广告类文章。主要介绍了一个被称作AirFreez的小盒子能帮你在酷暑中放松。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据What Are We Talking About?中“So, they designed this light-weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model! It’s tiny, easy to use and it can cool you in seconds!”（所以，他们设计了这个重量轻，便携的空气冷却盒。它使用非常少的电力和所有没有牺牲任何一个顶级交流模式的主要好处！它很小，容易使用，可以在几秒钟内使你凉快！）可知，“方便和节能”可以最好地描述AirFreez。故选D项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据What Is So Special About This Little Box?中“No messy installation, no expensive electricity bills.”（没有凌乱的安装，没有昂贵的电费。）可知，关于AirFreez我们能了解到它不需要复杂的安装。故选B项。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“How Can You Get An AirFreez? Now that you are aware of this amazing new invention, here is how to get one-order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE.”（如何获得airfreeze？现在，你已经意识到这个惊人的新发明，这里将是如何从官方网站获得一个订单，并且以最好的价格呈现给你。）故可推知，这篇文章的目的是为Airfreez做广告。故选A项。 B I got married just after I graduated from college and found a job to support our family at the nearby Massachusettes Institute of Technology (MIT). It was in the laboratory of Prof. Edward Lorenz that I learned what a computer was and how to develop software. One day my husband saw a newspaper advertisement. The MIT Instrumentation Laboratory was looking for people to develop software to “send man to the moon”. Deeply attracted both by the idea and the fact that it had never been done before, I became the first programmer to join and the first woman the lab hired. At the beginning, nobody thought software was such a big deal. But then they began to realize how much they were relying on it. Our software needed to be very reliable and able to detect an error and recover from it at any time during the mission. My daughter, Lauren, liked to intimate me—playing astronaut. One day, she was with me when I was doing a simulation (模拟) of a mission to the moon. She started hitting keys and all of a sudden, she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon. I thought: my God—this could happen by accident in a real mission. I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight. But the higher-ups at MIT and NASA said the astronauts were too well trained to make such a mistake. On the very next mission , Apollo 8, one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done. The Lauren bug! It created destruction and required the mission to be rearranged. After that, they let me put the program change in. It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11. During the early days of Apollo, software was not taken as seriously as other engineering disciplines (学科).It was out of desperation I came up with the term “software engineering”. Then one day in a meeting, one of the most respected hardware experts explained to everyone that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline, just like with hardware. It was a memorable moment. 24. What do we know about the author? A. She taught Lauren to write software. B. She got her master's degree from MIT. C. She is the first woman ever hired by MIT. D. She created the term “software engineering”. 25. “The Lauren bug” in Para.5 refers to ______. A. a pet to accompany Lauren B. a mission to land on the moon C. a mistake causing data loss D. a software ending prelaunch 26. What greatly contributed to Apollo 11's success according to the passage? A. The in-time upload of data. B. The program change. C. Astronauts' rich experience. D. Experts' new attitude. 27. What can we learn from Margaret's story? A. Honesty is the best policy. B. A good beginning is half done. C. Two heads are better than one. D. Chances favor the prepared mind. 【答案】24. D 25. C 26. B 27. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者是一个学习软件开发的女性，一次偶然的机会她从事了开发“载人登月”软件的工作，作者基于女儿在游戏中犯的一个错误建议更改程序以防止在飞行过程中选择预启动程序，事实证明这对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响。 24题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It was out of desperation I came up with the term “software engineering”.”可知，作者在绝望中提出了“软件工程”这个词，故D项正确。 【25题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon.”可知，作者的女儿劳伦犯了一个错误——选择了一个程序，这个程序应该是在启动前运行的，计算机的空间太小，以至于它抹去了带她去月球的导航数据，再根据画线词前的“one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done.”可知，一名宇航员不小心做了劳伦做过的事（犯的错误），由此可知画线词词义为“造成数据丢失的错误”，故C项正确。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.”可知，正是程序的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响，故B项正确。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的 “I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight.”及倒数第二段中的“It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.”可知，作者建议更改程序以防止在飞行过程中选择预启动程序，正是程序的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响，由此可知，作者的故事告诉我们机会总是垂青有准备的人，故D项正确。 【点睛】本篇第2题词义猜测题难度较大，抓住作者的女儿劳伦在操作过程中犯的错误是关键，根据第四段中的“she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon.”可知，劳伦犯了一个错误——选择了一个程序，这个程序应该是在启动前运行的，计算机的空间太小，以至于它抹去了带她去月球的导航数据，再根据画线词前的“one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done.”可知，一名宇航员不小心做了劳伦做过的事，也就是说他也犯了同样的错误，由此可知画线词词义为“造成数据丢失的错误”。 Is it true that our brain alone is responsible for human cognition (认知)? What about our body? Is it possible for thought and behavior to originate from somewhere other than our brain? Psychologists who study Embodied Cognition (EC) ask similar questions. The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem- solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure. If you think about it for a moment, it makes total sense. When you smell something good or hear amusing sounds, certain emotions are awakened. Think about how newborns use their senses to understand the world around them. They don’t have emotions so much as needs — they don’t feel sad, they’ re just hungry and need food. Even unborn babies can feel their mothers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real world, they cry when they’ re cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to associate being warm with being loved. Understandably, theorists have been arguing for years and still disagree on whether the brain is the nerve center that operates the rest of the body. Older Western philosóphers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact, while EC theorises that the brain and body are working together as an organic supercomputer, processing everything and forming your reactions. Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction! In one experiment, test subjects were asked to judge people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than coolness. And it works the other way too; in another study, subjects’ fingertip temperatures were measured after being included in or“ rejected” from a group task. Those who were included felt physically warmer. For further proof, we can look at the metaphors (比方说法) that we use without even thinking. A kind and sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock. And this kind of metaphorical use is common across languages. Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it? If you’re having a bad day, a warm cup of tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know you’re physically cold, warm up before making any interpersonal decisions. 28. According to the author, the significance of the EC theory lies in________. A. facilitating our understanding of the origin of psychology B. revealing the major role of the mind in human cognition C. offering a clearer picture of the shape of human brain D. bringing us closer to the truth in human cognition 29. The experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4 further prove ________. A. how body temperature is related to health B. the mind and the body influence each other C. environment impacts how we judge others D. how humans interact with their surroundings 30. What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A. To share with the reader ways to release their emotions. B. To guide the reader onto the path to career success. C. To encourage the reader to put EC into practice. D. To deepen the reader’s understanding of EC. 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了心理学家的一项EC理论表明，我们不是只有大脑负责人类的认知，我们的身体也负责思考或者解决问题。更准确的说思想塑造身体，身体同等程度地塑造思想。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem- solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure.(EC理论认为我们的身体也负责思考和解决问题。更准确地说，思想塑造身体，身体也同样塑造思想)”可知，作者认为，EC理论的意义在于使我们更接近人类认知的真理。故选D项。 29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction. (进一步的研究支持了思想与身体的相互作用)”以及接下来列举了两个实验“In one experiment, test subjects were asked to judge people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than coolness.(在一项实验中，测试对象被要求在拿到热饮或冷饮后对人做出判断。当他们的指尖感受到温暖而不是凉爽时，他们都做出了温暖的评价)”表明，身体会影响到思想，以及“And it works the other way too; in another study, subjects’ fingertip temperatures were measured after being included in or“ rejected” from a group task. Those who were included felt physically warmer.(反过来也一样；在另一项研究中，研究人员测量了受试者在被纳入或被“拒绝”小组任务后的指尖温度。那些被包括在内的人感到身体更温暖)”表明身体会受到思想的影响，因此推断本段的实验进一步证明了身体与思想间的相互作用。故选B项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it?(既然你已经掌握了身心互动的知识，为什么不使用它呢？)”以及下文中列举的两种现实生活中的情况“If you’re having a bad day, a warm cup of tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know you’re physically cold, warm up before making any interpersonal decisions.(如果你今天过得很糟糕，一杯温暖的茶会给你带来一瞬间的快乐。如果你知道自己身体很冷，在做出任何人际关系决定之前先热身)”可知，理论知识已经知道，且在现实生活中有一定的运用价值，所以作者最后一段是在鼓励读者把EC理论运用于现实生活中。故选C项。 D If you look across the entire lifespan, what you see is an average increase in desirable personality traits（特点）.Psychologists call this the “maturity principle” and it’s comforting to know that, assuming your personality follows a typical course, then the older you get, the maturer you will become. However, it’s not such good news for young adolescents, because at this point, something known as the “disruption hypothesis” kicks in. Consider a study of Dutch teenagers who completed personality tests each year for six or seven years from 2005. The boys showed a temporary dip in conscientiousness—orderliness and self-discilpline in early adolescence, and the girls showed a temporary increase in neuroticism—emotional instability. This seems to back up some of the stereotypes we have of messy teen bedrooms and mood swings. Thankfully, this decline in personality is short-lived, with the Dutch data showing that the teenagers’ previous positive traits rebound（反弹）in later adolescence. Both parents and their teenage children agree that changes occur, but surprisingly, the perceived change can depend on who is measuring, according to a 2017 study of over 2,700 German teenagers. They rated their own personalities twice, at age 11 and age 14, and their parents also rated their personalities at these times. Some differences emerged: for instance, while the teenagers rated themselves as declining in agreeability, their parents saw this decline as much shaper. Also, the teens saw themselves as increasingly extroverted（外向的）, but their parents saw them as increasingly introverted. This mismatch can perhaps be explained by the big changes underway in the parent-child relationship brought on by teenagers’ growing desire for autonomy and privacy. The researchers point out that parents and teens might also be using different reference points—parents are measuring their teenagers’ traits against a typical adult, while the teenagers are comparing their own traits against those displayed by their peers. This is in line with several further studies, which also reveal a pattern of a temporary reduction in advantageous traits in early adolescence. The general picture of the teenage years as a temporary personality “disruption” therefore seems accurate. In fact, we’re only just beginning to understand the complex mix of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to individual patterns of personality change. Studies also offer some clues for how we might create more nurturing environments for teenagers to aid their personality development. This is an approach worth pushing further given that teenage personality traits are predictive of experiences in later life. For instance, one British study of over 4,000 teenagers showed that those who scores lower in conscientiousness were twice as likely to be unemployed later in life, in comparison with those who scored higher. People focus so much on teaching teenagers facts and getting them to pass exams, but perhaps they ought to pay at least as much attention to helping nurture their personalities. 31. Which of the following can be an example of “disruption hypothesis”? A. A kindergarten kid cries over a toy. B. A boy in high school cleans his own room. C. A teenage girl feels sad for unknown reason. D. A college graduate feels stressed out by work. 32. According to the study of German teenagers ______. A. parent give their teens too much automony and privacy B. teens are more optimistic about their personality changes C. teens and parents have the same personality rating standard D. parents and teens can later agree on teens’ personality decline 33. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that ______. A. teens should pay less attention to their scores in exams B. developing teens’ personality has a long-term effect in their life C. people’s success in later life depends on teenage personality traits D. environmental factors outweigh genetic ones for personality change 34. What is the author’s attitude towards present teenager personality education? A. Dissatisfied. B. Approving. C. Neutral. D. Cautious. 【答案】31. C 32. B 33. B 34. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了对青少年人格的研究，并指出培养青少年的人格对他们的生活有着长期的影响，我们应该注重青少年的人格教育。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the girls showed a temporary increase in neuroticism—emotional instability.”可知，“破坏假说”的例子包括女孩表现出暂时的神经质、情绪不稳定性增加，也就是说十几岁的女孩感到莫名的伤感属于“破坏假说”的例子，故C项正确。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Also, the teens saw themselves as increasingly extroverted（外向的）, but their parents saw them as increasingly introverted.”可知，此外，德国青少年认为自己越来越外向，但他们的父母认为他们越来越内向，由此可知，德国青少年对自己的性格变化更乐观，故B项正确。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“This is an approach worth pushing further given that teenage personality traits are predictive of experiences in later life.”可知，考虑到青少年的人格特征预示着以后的生活经历，这种方法值得进一步推广，由此可知，培养青少年的人格对他们的生活有着长期的影响，故B项正确。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“People focus so much on teaching teenagers facts and getting them to pass exams, but perhaps they ought to pay at least as much attention to helping nurture their personalities. ”可知，人们很重视教青少年知识，让他们通过考试，但也许他们至少应该同样重视帮助培养他们的人格，言外之意，作者认为现在的教育只注重教青少年知识，而在培养他们的人格方面做得并不够，由此可知，作者对当前青少年的人格教育是不满意的，故A项正确。 【点睛】涉及到观点态度的推理判断题难度较大，文章一般不会直接表明作者的态度，需要我们根据措辞的褒贬来揣摩其态度，例如本篇第4题，根据最后一段“People focus so much on teaching teenagers facts and getting them to pass exams, but perhaps they ought to pay at least as much attention to helping nurture their personalities. ”可知，人们很重视教青少年知识，让他们通过考试，但也许他们至少应该同样重视帮助培养他们的人格，言外之意，作者认为现在的教育只注重教青少年知识，而在培养他们的人格方面做得并不够，特别是“ought to pay at least as much attention to”表明了作者对当前青少年的人格教育是不满意的。 第二节 (共5 小题; 每小题2分， 共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 At one point or another, you’ve probably heard someone speak with confidence on a topic that they actually know almost nothing about. This phenomenon is known as the Dunning-Kruger effect, which refers to the finding that people who are relatively unskilled or unknowledgeable in a particular subject sometimes have the tendency to overestimate their knowledge and abilities. In a set of studies, researchers Justin Kruger and David Dunning asked participants to complete tests of their skills in a particular domain. Then, participants were asked to guess how well they had done on the test. ___35___ This effect was most pronounced among participants with the lowest scores on the test. David Dunning explains that “the knowledge and intelligence that are required to be good at a task are often the same qualities needed to recognize that one is not good at that task.” In other words, if someone knows very little about a particular topic, they may not even know enough about the topic to realize that their knowledge is limited. Importantly, someone may be highly skilled in one area, but be influenced by the Dunning-Kruger effect in another domain.___36___ If people who know very little about a topic think they’re experts, what do experts think of themselves? Interestingly, Dunning and Kruger found that although experts typically guessed their performance was above average, they didn’t realize quite how well they had done. They often make a different mistake:___37___ What can people do to overcome the effect? Dunning and Kruger once had some of the participants take a logic test and then complete a short training session on logical reasoning. After the training, the participants were asked to assess how they’d done on the previous test. ___38___ Afterward, the participants who scored in the bottom 25 percent lowered their estimate of how well they thought they had done on the initial test. In other words, one way to overcome the effect may be to learn more about a topic. The Dunning-Kruger effect suggests that we may not always know as much as we think we do. ___39___ However, by challenging ourselves to learn more and by reading about opposing views, we can work to overcome the effect. A. Researchers found that the training made a difference. B. They assume that everyone else is knowledgeable, too. C. This happens when people don’t know much about a topic. D. All of them had a more accurate view of their performance. E. They found that participants tended to overestimate their abilities. F. This means that everyone can potentially be affected by the Dunning-Kruger effect. G. In some domains, we may not know enough about a topic to realize that we are unskilled. 【答案】35. E 36. F 37. B 38. A 39. G 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。你可能听过一些人自信地谈论着他们几乎一无所知的话题。这种现象被称为Dunning-Kruger效应，指的是在某一特定领域相对不熟练或知识不丰富的人有时会倾向于高估自己的知识和能力。文章主要介绍了研究人员是如何进行研究的，以及这项研究结果对人们的启示。 【35题详解】 根据后文This effect was most pronounced among participants with the lowest scores on the test.可知这种效应在测试中得分最低的参与者中最为明显。以及下一段中In other words, if someone knows very little about a particular topic, they may not even know enough about the topic to realize that their knowledge is limited.可知换句话说，如果一个人对某个话题知之甚少，他甚至可能还没有意识到自己的知识是有限的。由此可知，研究人员发现参与者倾向于高估自己的能力，尤其得分最低的参与者中最为明显。故E选项“他们发现，参与者倾向于高估自己的能力”符合上下文语境，故选E。 【36题详解】 根据上文Importantly, someone may be highly skilled in one area, but be influenced by the Dunning-Kruger effect in another domain.可知重要的是，有些人可能在某个领域非常熟练，但在另一个领域会受到Dunning-Kruger效应的影响。由此可知，本句承接上文说明，这一发现意味着每个人都可能受到Dunning-Kruger效应的潜在影响。故F选项“这意味着每个人都可能受到Dunning-Kruger效应的潜在影响”符合上下文语境，故选F。 【37题详解】 根据上文Interestingly, Dunning and Kruger found that although experts typically guessed their performance was above average, they didn’t realize quite how well they had done. They often make a different mistake:可知有趣的是，邓宁和克鲁格发现，尽管专家通常会猜测他们的表现高于平均水平，但他们并没有意识到自己的表现有多好。他们经常犯一个不同的错误：由此可知，本句承接上文说明这个错误是什么——他们认为其他人也都是知识渊博的。故B选项“他们认为其他人也都是知识渊博的”符合上下文语境，故选B。 【38题详解】 根据后文Afterward, the participants who scored in the bottom 25 percent lowered their estimate of how well they thought they had done on the initial test. In other words, one way to overcome the effect may be to learn more about a topic.可知之后，得分最低的25%的参与者降低了他们对自己在最初测试中的表现的估计。换句话说，克服这种影响的一种方法可能是对某个话题了解得更多。由此可知，训练起作用了。故A选项“研究人员发现，训练起到了作用”符合上下文语境，故选A。 【39题详解】 根据上文The Dunning-Kruger effect suggests that we may not always know as much as we think we do.可知Dunning-Kruger效应表明，我们可能并不总是像自己认为的那样知道那么多。以及后文However, by challenging ourselves to learn more and by reading about opposing views, we can work to overcome the effect.可知然而，通过挑战自己来学习更多，通过阅读相反的观点，我们可以努力克服这种效果。由此可知，本句是在说明在某些领域，人们可能对某个主题了解不够，以至于意识到自己缺乏技能。故G选项“在某些领域，我们可能对某个主题了解不够，以至于意识到自己缺乏技能”符合上下文语境，故选G。 第三部分： 书面表达 (共32分) 第一节 阅读表达(共4 小题; 第40、41题各 2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分, 共12分)。 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 The Power of Determination Your quest for success and happiness begins with right intentions. It culminates (达到顶点) when you reach your chosen goals. What sustains your effort in between is your determination. What carries you towards your goals is your determination. It means the firmness of purpose or intention. If there is one gift that you can give to yourself in your life to be what you want to be, it is the power of determination. Without it you are a mere passive spectator in the drama of your life. If there is one quality that makes a difference between a winner and a loser or a leader and a follower, it is the power of determination. Without it, you may dream wild dreams, but you will not accomplish much in life. If you have determination, nothing can stop you and deter you from following your course of action to achieve your goals or realize your dreams. Obstacles may arise and obstruct your progress. They may delay your success, disturb you temporarily, and may even mislead you, but they cannot withstand the power of determination. It is the power that you generate within yourself to remain committed to your path and conviction, and march towards your cherished goals. Before you take up any project or goal, you should know whether you have the determination to stick to your plans and reach your goals. Your determination has to arise from within and derive its reinforcement from your thinking and beliefs rather than circumstances. Only then will you be able to sustain your effort, even when the going gets tough. Determination is your inner strength. Like the hardwood inside a tree, it gives you the power to stand tall and face the winds of turmoil. With determination, you can crush the mountains of fear and doubts in you. You can find your way through the most difficult situations. Determination does not mean you will be insensitive to the reality of the situation. A determined person is also an adaptable and flexible person. He is not interested in being tough for toughness sake, but to overcome obstacles and reach his goals. Hence, he remains open-minded about possibilities and opportunities, but firm in his commitment and convictions. Discipline and determination go together. If you have them, you become unstoppable. 40. According to the passage, what is determination? 41. What would happen if one does not have determination? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. With determination, you can crush the mountains of fear and doubts in you, and you will not make changes. 43. How does being determined benefit you? (In about 40 words) 【答案】40. Determination means the firmness of purpose or intention. 41. Without determination one might be a mere passive spectator in the drama of their life.或Without determination, one may dream wild dreams, but they will not accomplish much in life. 42. With determination, you can crush the mountains of fear and doubts in you, and you will not make changes. According to the passage, determination does not mean you will be insensitive to the reality of the situation. A determined person is also an adaptable and flexible person. 43. I can benefit a lot from being determined. It is determination that drives me to keep being hardworking, going to the best university after overcoming all the possible difficulties, and it is determination that makes my life meaningful, fruitful, and unforgettable. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是决心的力量。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“What sustains your effort in between is your determination. What carries you towards your goals is your determination. It means the firmness of purpose or intention.(在这中间支撑你努力的是你的决心。带你走向目标的是你的决心。它意味着目的或意图的坚定。)”可知，决心意味着目的或意图的坚定，故答案为Determination means the firmness of purpose or intention。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Without it you are a mere passive spectator in the drama of your life.(没有它，你只是生活戏剧中的一个被动的旁观者。)”和“Without it, you may dream wild dreams, but you will not accomplish much in life.(没有它，你可能会做一些疯狂的梦，但你不会在生活中取得多少成就。)”可知，没有决心，一个人可能只是生活戏剧中的一个被动的旁观者或者一个人可能会有疯狂的梦想，但这些梦想在生活中不会有多大成就。故答案为Without determination one might be a mere passive spectator in the drama of their life.或Without determination, one may dream wild dreams, but they will not accomplish much in life。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Determination does not mean you will be insensitive to the reality of the situation. A determined person is also an adaptable and flexible person. (决心并不意味着你对现实情况不敏感。一个有决心的人也是一个适应性强、灵活的人。)”，因此错误的部分是“you will not make changes”，因为决心并不意味着你对现实情况不敏感。一个意志坚定的人也是一个适应能力强、灵活多变的人。故答案为With determination, you can crush the mountains of fear and doubts in you, and you will not make changes. According to the passage, determination does not mean you will be insensitive to the reality of the situation. A determined person is also an adaptable and flexible person.。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文后，我认为我能从坚定的信念中获益良多。是决心驱使我继续努力，克服所有可能的困难去上最好的大学，是决心让我的生活有意义，有成果，难忘，故答案为I can benefit a lot from being determined. It is determination that drives me to keep being hardworking, going to the best university after overcoming all the possible difficulties, and it is determination that makes my life meaningful, fruitful, and unforgettable。 第二节 (共20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校外教Jim的线上英语课被评为“最受欢迎的线上课”，请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.表示祝贺； 2.表达你对该课程的喜爱，并解释原因。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, How are you getting along? I heard that your online English class was rated as "the most popular online class". I'm really happy for you. Congratulations! As one of your students, I like your class very much. Your class not only let me learn a lot of textbook knowledge, but also let me understand the local conditions and customs of foreign countries. In addition, your teaching method is humorous, so that I grow and progress in a happy learning atmosphere. Last but not least, you give students more space for personal thinking and cultivate our independent learning ability. I hope I can make greater progress in English under your guidance. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校外教Jim的线上英语课被评为“最受欢迎的线上课”，请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.表示祝贺；2.表达你对该课程的喜爱，并解释原因。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴：happy→glad 此外：in addition→besides 幽默的：humorous→funny 培养：cultivate →train 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I'm really happy for you. Congratulations! 拓展句：I am so happy that I would like to offer you my heartiest congratulations 【点睛】[高分句型1] I heard that your online English class was rated as "the most popular online class". (运用了that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] I hope I can make greater progress in English under your guidance. (运用了省略了that的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$