精品解析：广东省佛山市南海区2024-2025学年高三上学期开学摸底测试英语试题

南海区2025届高三摸底测试 英语试题 全卷共11页，满分130分，考试时间130分钟。 考生注意： 1. 答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。 2. 答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。 第一部分 听说考试（满分20分，另行安排） 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Flora always had an adventurous spirit but in 2020 she began her biggest adventure yet. Born and raised in the Minnesota, she also lived in Bahrain and Egypt and moved to Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), in 2002. As an enthusiastic hiker and mountain climber, she had struggled to find like-minded people to trek (远足) with her, so in 2011 she started a weekend hiking group. A few years later she turned it into a business called Flora UAE Trekkers, running weekend hikes while she continued teaching English in the week. When she lost her job in 2020, she decided to focus her energies on Flora UAE Trekkers, which has now attracted 50,000 followers on social media and offered guided hikes to over 80,000 people. No longer working a nine-to-five at the university, she regularly wakes up at 3 a.m. on weekdays to lead treks around some of the most breathtaking scenery surrounding Dubai. She even offers a specialist sunset hike across the Liwa desert in Abu Dhabi — used as location for filming Dune: Part Two. “I knew that I wanted to create something that encouraged people to get outside and explore what Dubai had to offer outside of the city. From there, it rocketed,” Flora says. “A lot of people in Dubai don’t know there’s anything else outside the city and that there’s so much nature here.” However, the road to success was not always smooth. “Our early challenges were to overcome the stereotype (偏见) of what a hiking guide should look like,” Flora says. “The stereotypical guide has physical strength and places an emphasis on hiking as a tool to improve your fitness, physique and speed.” Going against the grain, Flora employed current and former educators as well as mothers, like herself, as guides. “We really wanted to remove that competitive atmosphere and satisfy all levels, not only for the strong.” Flora says. 1. Why did Flora start a weekend hiking group in 2011? A. To start her own business. B. To meet hiking companions. C. To promote local tourism. D. To grow social media followers. 2. What can be inferred about Dubai from paragraph 3? A. It is a famous filming location. B. It is an innovation center. C. It has beautiful natural scenery. D. It attracts visitors across the globe. 3. Who are most likely to be chosen as guides in Flora UAE Trekkers? A. Professional athletes. B. Experienced hikers. C. Adventure enthusiasts. D. Nature-loving caregivers. 4. Which word can best describe Flora? A. Generous. B. Humble. C. Innovative. D. Authoritative. B The film was awful. After an hour, I whispered to my wife, “Come on, let’s go home.” She replied, “No way. We’ re not throwing away thirty dollars.” “That’s no reason to stay,” I protested. “The money’s already gone regardless of whether we stay or leave. This is the sunk cost fallacy (谬误) at work!” But she just stared at me angrily and I had to sink back down in my seat. The sunk cost fallacy is most dangerous when we have invested a lot of time, money, energy, or love in something. This investment becomes a reason to carry on, even if we are dealing with a lost cause. The more we invest, the greater the sunk costs are, and the greater the urge to continue becomes. The sunk cost fallacy is frequently seen in investors. Often they base their trading decisions on acquisition prices. “I lost so much money with this stock (股票). I can’t sell it now,” they say. This is unreasonable. The acquisition price should play no role. What counts is the stock’s future performance. Strangely, the more money a stock loses, the more likely investors tend to stick by it. This behavior is driven by a need for consistency. After all, being consistent means being reliable. We really dislike it when things don’t match up. If we stop a project halfway, we admit that we once thought differently. Carrying on with a meaningless project delays this painful realization and keeps up appearances. “We’ve come this far ...” “I’ve read so much of this book already...” “But I’ve spent two years doing this course...” If you recognize any of these thought patterns, it shows that the sunk cost fallacy is at work in a corner of your brain. Of course, there may be good reasons to continue investing in something, but make sure not for the wrong reasons, such as to make non-recoverable investment s look reasonable. Wise decision making requires you to forget about the costs in the past. No matter how much you have already invested, only your assessment of the future costs and benefits counts. 5. Why does the author mention his film-watching experience? A. To describe a scene. B. To introduce the topic. C. To state the writing purpose. D. To provide background information. 6. How are investors affected by the sunk cost fallacy? A. They keep holding the falling stock. B. They become more confident in the stock. C. They value the stock’s future performance. D. They ignore the acquisition price of the stock. 7. What matters in making decisions according to the author? A. Evaluating the lost costs. B. Focusing on consistency. C. Seeking help from others. D. Weighing up potential profits. C One recent report found that adults in the US check their phones, on average, 344 times a day — once every four minutes — and spend almost three hours a day on their devices in total. But have you wondered what this constant use is doing to our brains? As you might expect, the simple distraction of checking a phone can have negative consequences. And it isn’t just the use of a phone that has consequences — its me re presence can affect the way we think. In one study, researchers asked participants to either put their phones next to them or in another room. Participants then completed a series of tasks to test their abilities to process and remember information, their problem-solving, and their focus. They were found to perform far better when their phones were in another room instead of nearby — whether visible, powered on or not. The mere proximity of a phone, it seems, uses up the brain’s energy. Our brains may be hard at work in controlling the desire to check our phones. The only “fix,” the researchers found, was putting the device in a different room. However, there is one way we can try to lessen its ill effects. And it has to do with our beliefs. People who think our brains have limited resources are more likely to give in to temptations (诱惑). But for those who believe resisting temptations strengthens our ability to keep resisting, exercising self-control on one task doesn’t worsen their performance in subsequent ones. They believe our brains have unlimited resources. What am I taking from this? To cut down on mindless reaching for my phone, I’ll keep practicing leaving it in another room. But I’ll also remind myself that my brain has more resources than I think — and that each time I resist the temptation to check my phone, I’m laying down new neural (神经的) pathways that will make it easier and easier to resist that temptation, and perhaps others as well, in future. 8. What did the study aim to find out by placing the phones differently? A. How people’s performance was affected. B. How people gained access to digital resources. C. Whether people used different skills in the test. D. Whether people developed dependence on phones. 9 What does the underlined word “proximity” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Thought. B. Dependence. C. Nearness. D. Mention. 10. What does the author think of resisting the temptation to check the phone? A. It will strengthen our belief. B. It will improve concentration. C. It will weaken brain activity. D. It will use up the brain’s resources. 11. What will the author agree to do to reduce mindless phone use? A. Practice self-control. B. Increase brain power. C. Only use the phone for work. D. Set a timer to limit phone use. D When someone asks for your opinion, are you quick to offer it? Or do you opt instead for a laid-back “it’s your call,” an undecided “anything’s fine,” or an eager-to-please “whatever works best for you?” Many of us don’t share our thoughts out of a desire to appear easygoing and cooperative. But through two research projects that explored a wide range of interpersonal situations, we found that failing to weigh in can actually make you seem less likable and harm your relationships. In our first research project, we looked at how people reacted when asking a friend what restaurant, movie, or museum they’d prefer to go to. No matter the context, the participants almost always told us that they wanted their companion to pick a specific option — and when their companion chose not to, the participants found their friends less likable, and they became less interested in going on future outings with them. Why is this? You might think that withholding your preferences makes you more likable, but in fact, when someone asks for your input, they’re generally looking for help making a decision. Our participants reported that it was harder for them to make a decision when their friend refused to express an opinion, and this unpleasant decision-making experience often harmed their impression of their friend. Another reason withholding a preference can backfire is that when someone claims not to care, it can seem like they actually do have an opinion, but are hiding it to avoid conflict. In our second research project, we found that when someone says they don’t have a preference, the decision maker often assumes they’ re only saying that because they have the opposite preference as they do. When this happens, the decision maker is more likely to choose the option that they themselves don’t want, ultimately making them that much less satisfied with the interaction. So next time someone asks you what you think don’t hold back. Whether it’s a friend asking where you’d like to go to eat, a client who’s curious what kinds of music you like, or a workmate requesting your input on a workplace decision, sharing your opinion is almost always a win-win. 12. Why are some people unwilling to share their personal preferences? A. To protect privacy. B. To make a good impression. C. To avoid argument. D. To get better involved. 13. What did the first research project find about people asking for feedback? A. They did it out of politeness. B. They expected an agreement. C. They preferred concrete answers. D. They had no options in mind. 14. What can we infer about decision makers from paragraph 4? A. They will guess others’ thoughts. B. They will stick to their own ideas. C. They will express their dissatisfaction. D. They will accept others’ suggestions. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. If You’re Told No, It’s Fine B. If You Don’t Feel Like It, Try It C. If Someone Doubts You, Be Yourself D. If Someone Asks Your Opinion, Give It 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In today’s society where buying something new is only a matter of clicking a button, we’re constantly stuffing our houses with things we don’t need. ____16____ It also contributes to unnecessary waste and even anxiety for those living in spaces flooded with too many things. These are reasons why many are downsizing what they own. The first step to living with less is saying goodbye to excess (过量的) stuff. But how do you decide what to keep and what to throw out? It’s never an easy task. ____17____ Looking around your home, you may find tons of items that haven’t been of any use within recent memory. Chances are you’ll never miss them. Now that you’ve chosen which items you’ll be parting with, it’s time to figure out what to do with everything. ____18____ With easy-to-use platforms and apps, you can quickly earn cash without leaving the sofa. Besides, if you’re looking to do a good deed or just don’t want to deal with the trouble of selling your things, donation is the perfect way. ____19____ Another increasingly popular option is on- demand storage. It involves a professional team coming to the client and transporting their items to a storage facility. Oftentimes everything can be arranged straight from an app. ____20____ It requires some major lifestyle and mindset changes, but if it’s something you want to commit to, you may see many benefits. A. This creates more than a chaos problem. B. Certain objects are only meant to be used occasionally. C. First, stick them into storage until you decide what’s best. D. Giving away items you rarely use can benefit people in need. E. Pursuing a more minimalist lifestyle reduces chaos and stress. F. The thought, “I might need this someday,” is incredibly common. G. First, turn rubbish into treasure by selling off your extra possessions. 第三部分 语言知识及运用（共两节，满分25分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I was sort of a difficult student in school, always seeking the easy way out. One day, my teacher asked what I wanted to be when I grew up. Without a second thought, I told her I just wanted to be happy. She told me I was ____21____ the whole point of the question. “Happiness is exactly what I live for,” I responded ____22____. That evening, when I got home, my father looked unusually ____23____. I knew I couldn’t ____24____ what was in store for me. After taking a deep breath, I ____25____ myself to him and then came the ____26____ conversation. He stared at me in the eyes and started, “Son, it doesn’t matter what you do for a living as long as it brings you happiness. But happiness doesn’t come ____27____. Your mother finds her ____28____ in helping others as a nurse, and I find mine in teaching language. We both find happiness in the ____29____ work we do each day. How are you going to find your happiness?” His _____30_____ left me deep in thought. I realized that I had been _____31_____ the opportunity to experience the true essence of happiness. Ever since then, instead of shying away from difficult situations, I have chosen to face _____32_____ that came my way. Guided by my father’s _____33_____, I’ve achieved happiness now by _____34_____ hundreds of people who eventually realize, and more importantly, _____35_____ on the very idea. 21. A. complicating B. changing C. missing D. emphasizing 22. A. humorously B. randomly C. defensively D. creatively 23. A. serious B. nervous C. guilty D. curious 24. A. escape B. predict C. understand D. guarantee 25. A. proved B. dragged C. threw D. recommended 26. A. ice-breaking B. life-changing C. trouble-saving D. time-consuming 27. A. early B. often C. easy D. again 28. A. job B. place C. courage D. joy 29. A. temporary B. hard C. paid D. outdoor 30. A. examples B. words C. expression D. attitude 31. A. denying B. saving C. ensuring D. underestimating 32. A. failures B. criticism C. punishments D. challenges 33. A. wisdom B. experience C. ambition D. interpretation 34. A. judging B. warning C. protecting D. helping 35. A. reflect B. consult C. act D. comment 第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xitang Ancient Town, located about 100km from Shanghai, is a picturesque water town ____36____ looks like a traditional Chinese painting. One of Xitang’s most notable features is its 1300- meter-long roofed corridor(走廊) that stretches ____37____ the river, providing shade and shelter for visitors. It also now ____38____ (serve) an unofficial scenic route for visitors who can walk ____39____ (leisure) along and enjoy the scenery. The town is also famous for numerous bridges dating back ____40____ (century). During the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, it was an important town for the ____41____ (produce) of handiwork and also ____42____ commercial center in South China. Xitang’s night tours are particularly attractive, ____43____ (offer) visitors the chance to explore the town from boats ____44____ (decorate) with red lanterns. As night falls, the streets of Xitang _____45_____ (bathe) in the warm light of red lanterns, and the sound of traditional music flows from historic houses. Xitang becomes different just like a girl putting on heavy makeup. 第四部分 词汇基础（共两节，满分25分） 第一节 词义匹配（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 第一组 请把下面的中文与英文单词匹配。每组有两个多余选项。 A. accident B. incident C. competence D. committee E. commitment F. dentist G. defeat 46. 委员会 ________ 47. 投入 ________ 48. 事件 ________ 49. 能力 ________ 50. 战胜 ________ 第二组 请把下面的中文与英文单词匹配。每组有两个多余选项。 A. previous B. precise C. financial D. fundamental E. relevant F. rural G. refillable 51. 财政的________ 52. 乡村________ 53. 以前的________ 54. 有关的________ 55. 基础的________ 第三组 请把下面的中文与英文单词匹配。每组有两个多余选项。 A. correspond B. collapse C. imitate D. investigate E. perceive F. justify G. swallow 56 察觉 ________ 57. 通信 ________ 58. 倒塌 ________ 59. 调查 ________ 60 证明……正确 ________ 第二节 选词填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） A 阅读下面文本，并从方框内的单词或语块中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A. medium B. artificially C. copy D. identify E. mechanic F. generations G. identical Cloning is the process of making an exact ____61____ of a plant or animal and developing it either naturally or ____62____. Natural cloning has been going on for ____63____. For example, gardeners have been using a form of cloning when they take a cutting from a plant and place it in a suitable ____64____, such as soil. Another example of natural cloning is ____65____ twins, who are produced from the same egg. B 阅读下面文本，并从方框内的单词或语块中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A. restricted B. resolved C. informal D. individuals E. confidence F. clarifying G. handling Montessori, the first female doctor in Italy, developed the Montessori Method, an educational system that encourages an unconventional and ____66____ style of teaching. Children learn from ____67____ everyday materials, and they develop at their own pace. The Montessori philosophy is simple. For instance, one of its principles is that children are unique ____68____ who must be free to learn without being criticised or ____69____. It is the child that controls the pace, topic and lessons, not the rest of the class or the teacher. As a result, children enjoy learning, which gives them ____70____ and makes them happy. 第五部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 71. 假定你是李华，你们学校上周末组织同学们到中山大学参加了研学活动，请给你的英国笔友Jack写一封邮件分享你的研学经历，内容包括： 1. 活动内容； 2. 你的收获。 注意： 写作词数应为80个左右。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 72. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 In 1996, I had just finished my first year of community college. After borrowing my dad’s car for school for a few months, we decided it was time for me to get my own car. Since my family was economical, we headed to the used car section. I found a cute little car that seemed like a great deal, but my dad had doubts from the start. He wanted to have it thoroughly checked before purchasing, but I was in a hurry. “Dad, we can’t inspect every car. Let’s just pick one. I want this one...” So, he gave in. The cute little car was mine! But as soon as we drove off the lot, problems started. First, constant overheating. Then, a knocking sound from the engine. But oh no — I was not going to be stopped. Not Miss Fancy Pants College Girl. I had my own car! What if the needle went to the “H” every now and then? Big deal! I just wouldn’t look at it. And that annoying little sound from the engine? I could just turn up the radio. Problem solved! Ignoring these warnings, I headed out to a Friday night party in my college town, looking forward to it for weeks and shocked that my dad allowed me to go. However, with an unexpected winter snowstorm, my dad started having second thoughts. The snowy roads combined with my car’s issues were enough for him to voice his concerns. But I wasn’t listening. Off I went, driving in the snow for thirty minutes. Just as I hit a long stretch of somewhat deserted highway, the unavoidable happened. My precious little car let out its final breath... and died. Luckily, I managed to coast to the side of the highway, barely over the line onto the shoulder, before it came to a complete stop. Now, remember, this was 1996, and cell phones were rare. There was no way to call for help. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 I was really stuck on a snowy dark night on the highway. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ About an hour later, a familiar car came out of nowhere. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 南海区2025届高三摸底测试 英语试题 全卷共11页，满分130分，考试时间130分钟。 考生注意： 1. 答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。 2. 答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。 第一部分 听说考试（满分20分，另行安排） 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Flora always had an adventurous spirit but in 2020 she began her biggest adventure yet. Born and raised in the Minnesota, she also lived in Bahrain and Egypt and moved to Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), in 2002. As an enthusiastic hiker and mountain climber, she had struggled to find like-minded people to trek (远足) with her, so in 2011 she started a weekend hiking group. A few years later she turned it into a business called Flora UAE Trekkers, running weekend hikes while she continued teaching English in the week. When she lost her job in 2020, she decided to focus her energies on Flora UAE Trekkers, which has now attracted 50,000 followers on social media and offered guided hikes to over 80,000 people. No longer working a nine-to-five at the university, she regularly wakes up at 3 a.m. on weekdays to lead treks around some of the most breathtaking scenery surrounding Dubai. She even offers a specialist sunset hike across the Liwa desert in Abu Dhabi — used as location for filming Dune: Part Two. “I knew that I wanted to create something that encouraged people to get outside and explore what Dubai had to offer outside of the city. From there, it rocketed,” Flora says. “A lot of people in Dubai don’t know there’s anything else outside the city and that there’s so much nature here.” However, the road to success was not always smooth. “Our early challenges were to overcome the stereotype (偏见) of what a hiking guide should look like,” Flora says. “The stereotypical guide has physical strength and places an emphasis on hiking as a tool to improve your fitness, physique and speed.” Going against the grain, Flora employed current and former educators as well as mothers, like herself, as guides. “We really wanted to remove that competitive atmosphere and satisfy all levels, not only for the strong.” Flora says. 1. Why did Flora start a weekend hiking group in 2011? A. To start her own business. B. To meet hiking companions. C. To promote local tourism. D. To grow social media followers. 2. What can be inferred about Dubai from paragraph 3? A. It is a famous filming location. B. It is an innovation center. C. It has beautiful natural scenery. D. It attracts visitors across the globe. 3. Who are most likely to be chosen as guides in Flora UAE Trekkers? A. Professional athletes. B. Experienced hikers. C. Adventure enthusiasts. D. Nature-loving caregivers. 4. Which word can best describe Flora? A. Generous. B. Humble. C. Innovative. D. Authoritative. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Flora在迪拜创办远足团体并将其发展成成功商业的故事。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As an enthusiastic hiker and mountain climber, she had struggled to find like-minded people to trek with her, so in 2011 she started a weekend hiking group.”（作为一个热情的徒步旅行者和登山者，她一直在努力寻找志同道合的人一起远足，所以在2011年她开始了一个周末远足小组。）可知，Flora在2011年开始周末远足小组是为了找到志同道合的远足伙伴。故选B。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“she regularly wakes up at 3 a.m. on weekdays to lead treks around some of the most breathtaking scenery surrounding Dubai.”（她经常在工作日凌晨3点起床，带领远足团体游览迪拜周围一些最令人叹为观止的风景。）可知，迪拜周围有美丽的自然风景。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“she regularly wakes up at 3 a.m. on weekdays to lead treks around some of the most breathtaking scenery surrounding Dubai.”（她经常在工作日凌晨3点起床，带领远足团体游览迪拜周围一些最令人叹为观止的风景。）可知，作者热爱自然。根据文章最后一段“Going against the grain, Flora employed current and former educators as well as mothers, like herself, as guides.”（与常规相反，Flora雇用了现任和前任教育工作者以及母亲们，像她一样，作为导游。）可知，Flora UAE Trekkers的导游很可能是热爱自然的人。故选D。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“I knew that I wanted to create something that encouraged people to get outside and explore what Dubai had to offer outside of the city.”（我知道我想创造一些东西，鼓励人们走出去，探索迪拜在城市之外所提供的东西。）可知，“创新的”能描述Flora。故选C。 B The film was awful. After an hour, I whispered to my wife, “Come on, let’s go home.” She replied, “No way. We’ re not throwing away thirty dollars.” “That’s no reason to stay,” I protested. “The money’s already gone regardless of whether we stay or leave. This is the sunk cost fallacy (谬误) at work!” But she just stared at me angrily and I had to sink back down in my seat. The sunk cost fallacy is most dangerous when we have invested a lot of time, money, energy, or love in something. This investment becomes a reason to carry on, even if we are dealing with a lost cause. The more we invest, the greater the sunk costs are, and the greater the urge to continue becomes. The sunk cost fallacy is frequently seen in investors. Often they base their trading decisions on acquisition prices. “I lost so much money with this stock (股票). I can’t sell it now,” they say. This is unreasonable. The acquisition price should play no role. What counts is the stock’s future performance. Strangely, the more money a stock loses, the more likely investors tend to stick by it. This behavior is driven by a need for consistency. After all, being consistent means being reliable. We really dislike it when things don’t match up. If we stop a project halfway, we admit that we once thought differently. Carrying on with a meaningless project delays this painful realization and keeps up appearances. “We’ve come this far ...” “I’ve read so much of this book already...” “But I’ve spent two years doing this course...” If you recognize any of these thought patterns, it shows that the sunk cost fallacy is at work in a corner of your brain. Of course, there may be good reasons to continue investing in something, but make sure not for the wrong reasons, such as to make non-recoverable investment s look reasonable. Wise decision making requires you to forget about the costs in the past. No matter how much you have already invested, only your assessment of the future costs and benefits counts. 5. Why does the author mention his film-watching experience? A. To describe a scene. B. To introduce the topic. C. To state the writing purpose. D. To provide background information. 6. How are investors affected by the sunk cost fallacy? A. They keep holding the falling stock. B. They become more confident in the stock. C. They value the stock’s future performance. D. They ignore the acquisition price of the stock. 7. What matters in making decisions according to the author? A. Evaluating the lost costs. B. Focusing on consistency. C. Seeking help from others. D. Weighing up potential profits. 【答案】5. B 6. A 7. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是沉没成本谬误出现的原因以及它对我们在需要做出正确决定时的不利影响，在作者看来做决定时权衡潜在的利润才是最重要的。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“This is the sunk cost fallacy(谬误) at work!” But she just stared at me angrily and I had to sink back down in my seat.(这就是沉没成本谬误在起作用！”但她只是生气地盯着我，我只好坐回座位上。)”以及第二段“The sunk cost fallacy is most dangerous when we have invested a lot of time, money, energy, or love in something.(当我们在某件事情上投入了大量的时间、金钱、精力或爱时，沉没成本谬误是最危险的。)”以及第三段“The sunk cost fallacy is frequently seen in investors. (沉没成本谬误在投资者身上屡见不鲜。)”可知作者通过自己看电影的经历提出了话题——沉没成本谬误，所以作者提到自己看电影的经历是为了引出话题。故选B项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Often they base their trading decisions on acquisition prices. “I lost so much money with this stock (股票). I can’t sell it now,” they say.(他们的交易决策通常基于收购价格。“我在这只股票上损失了很多钱。我不能现在将它卖出去，”他们说。)”可知沉没成本谬误会让投资者继续持有下跌的股票。故选A项。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Wise decision making requires you to forget about the costs in the past. No matter how much you have already invested, only your assessment of the future costs and benefits counts.(明智的决策需要你忘记过去的成本。不管你已经投入了多少，只有你对未来成本和收益的评估才是重要的。)”可知在作者看来权衡潜在的利润在做决定时很重要。故选D项。 C One recent report found that adults in the US check their phones, on average, 344 times a day — once every four minutes — and spend almost three hours a day on their devices in total. But have you wondered what this constant use is doing to our brains? As you might expect, the simple distraction of checking a phone can have negative consequences. And it isn’t just the use of a phone that has consequences — its me re presence can affect the way we think. In one study, researchers asked participants to either put their phones next to them or in another room. Participants then completed a series of tasks to test their abilities to process and remember information, their problem-solving, and their focus. They were found to perform far better when their phones were in another room instead of nearby — whether visible, powered on or not. The mere proximity of a phone, it seems, uses up the brain’s energy. Our brains may be hard at work in controlling the desire to check our phones. The only “fix,” the researchers found, was putting the device in a different room. However, there is one way we can try to lessen its ill effects. And it has to do with our beliefs. People who think our brains have limited resources are more likely to give in to temptations (诱惑). But for those who believe resisting temptations strengthens our ability to keep resisting, exercising self-control on one task doesn’t worsen their performance in subsequent ones. They believe our brains have unlimited resources. What am I taking from this? To cut down on mindless reaching for my phone, I’ll keep practicing leaving it in another room. But I’ll also remind myself that my brain has more resources than I think — and that each time I resist the temptation to check my phone, I’m laying down new neural (神经的) pathways that will make it easier and easier to resist that temptation, and perhaps others as well, in future. 8. What did the study aim to find out by placing the phones differently? A. How people’s performance was affected. B. How people gained access to digital resources. C. Whether people used different skills in the test. D. Whether people developed dependence on phones. 9. What does the underlined word “proximity” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Thought. B. Dependence. C. Nearness. D. Mention. 10. What does the author think of resisting the temptation to check the phone? A. It will strengthen our belief. B. It will improve concentration. C. It will weaken brain activity. D. It will use up the brain’s resources. 11. What will the author agree to do to reduce mindless phone use? A. Practice self-control. B. Increase brain power. C. Only use the phone for work. D. Set a timer to limit phone use. 【答案】8. A 9. C 10. A 11. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了持续的使用手机可能会产生不良影响以及减少它的不良影响的措施。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Participants then completed a series of tasks to test their abilities to process and remember information, their problem-solving, and their focus. They were found to perform far better when their phones were in another room instead of nearby”（然后，参与者完成了一系列任务，以测试他们处理和记忆信息的能力、解决问题的能力和注意力。研究发现，当他们把手机放在另一个房间而不是附近时，他们的表现要好得多）可知，研究通过将手机放置在不同位置来测试人们的表现如何受到影响。故选A。 【9题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“They were found to perform far better when their phones were in another room instead of nearby”（研究发现，当他们把手机放在另一个房间而不是附近时，他们的表现要好得多）以及“Our brains may be hard at work in controlling the desire to check our phones. The only“ fix,” the researchers found, was putting the device in a different room.”（我们的大脑可能在努力控制查看手机的欲望。研究人员发现，唯一的“解决办法”就是把设备放在另一个房间里）可知，手机放远处是有好处的，人要靠近手机，会耗尽大脑的能量。proximity指的是手机的“接近”或“靠近”。故选C。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But I’ll also remind myself that my brain has more resources than I think — and that each time I resist the temptation to check my phone, I’m laying down new neural (神经的) pathways that will make it easier and easier to resist that temptation, and perhaps others as well, in future.”（但我也会提醒自己，我的大脑能力比我想象的要多——每次我抵制查看手机的诱惑时，我都在建立新的神经通路，这将使我在未来越来越容易抵制这种诱惑，也许还能抵制其他诱惑）可知，作者认为自己每次抵制查看手机的诱惑时，都在建立新的神经通路，这将使自己在未来越来越容易抵制这种诱惑。由此推知，作者认抵制查看手机会坚定我们的信念，更能抵制诱惑。故选A。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“To cut down on mindless reaching for my phone, I’ll keep practicing leaving it in another room. But I’ll also remind myself that my brain has more resources than I think — and that each time I resist the temptation to check my phone, I’m laying down new neural (神经的) pathways that will make it easier and easier to resist that temptation, and perhaps others as well, in future.”（为了减少无意识地去拿手机，我会不断练习把手机放在另一个房间。但我也会提醒自己，我的大脑能力比我想象的要多——每次我抵制查看手机的诱惑时，我都在建立新的神经通路，这将使我在未来越来越容易抵制这种诱惑，也许还能抵制其他诱惑）可知，作者认为每次抵制查看手机都在建立新的神经通路，这将使自己在未来越来越容易抵制这种诱惑。由此推知，作者会同意通过练习自我控制来减少无意识的手机使用。故选A。 D When someone asks for your opinion, are you quick to offer it? Or do you opt instead for a laid-back “it’s your call,” an undecided “anything’s fine,” or an eager-to-please “whatever works best for you?” Many of us don’t share our thoughts out of a desire to appear easygoing and cooperative. But through two research projects that explored a wide range of interpersonal situations, we found that failing to weigh in can actually make you seem less likable and harm your relationships. In our first research project, we looked at how people reacted when asking a friend what restaurant, movie, or museum they’d prefer to go to. No matter the context, the participants almost always told us that they wanted their companion to pick a specific option — and when their companion chose not to, the participants found their friends less likable, and they became less interested in going on future outings with them. Why is this? You might think that withholding your preferences makes you more likable, but in fact, when someone asks for your input, they’re generally looking for help making a decision. Our participants reported that it was harder for them to make a decision when their friend refused to express an opinion, and this unpleasant decision-making experience often harmed their impression of their friend. Another reason withholding a preference can backfire is that when someone claims not to care, it can seem like they actually do have an opinion, but are hiding it to avoid conflict. In our second research project, we found that when someone says they don’t have a preference, the decision maker often assumes they’ re only saying that because they have the opposite preference as they do. When this happens, the decision maker is more likely to choose the option that they themselves don’t want, ultimately making them that much less satisfied with the interaction. So next time someone asks you what you think don’t hold back. Whether it’s a friend asking where you’d like to go to eat, a client who’s curious what kinds of music you like, or a workmate requesting your input on a workplace decision, sharing your opinion is almost always a win-win. 12. Why are some people unwilling to share their personal preferences? A. To protect privacy. B. To make a good impression. C. To avoid argument. D. To get better involved. 13. What did the first research project find about people asking for feedback? A. They did it out of politeness. B. They expected an agreement. C. They preferred concrete answers. D. They had no options in mind. 14. What can we infer about decision makers from paragraph 4? A. They will guess others’ thoughts. B. They will stick to their own ideas. C. They will express their dissatisfaction. D. They will accept others’ suggestions. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. If You’re Told No, It’s Fine B. If You Don’t Feel Like It, Try It C. If Someone Doubts You, Be Yourself D. If Someone Asks Your Opinion, Give It 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文说明了当有人询问你的观点或者看法时，分享你的观点几乎总是双赢的。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Many of us don’t share our thoughts out of a desire to appear easygoing and cooperative.”（我们中的许多人不分享自己的想法是为了显得随和和合作）可知，很多人不愿意分享他们的个人偏好是为了给人留下好印象。故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“No matter the context, the participants almost always told us that they wanted their companion to pick a specific option”（无论背景如何，参与者几乎总是告诉我们，他们希望他们的同伴选择一个特定的选项）可知，第一项研究发现人们在询问反馈时更喜欢具体的答案。故选C。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In our second research project, we found that when someone says they don’t have a preference, the decision maker often assumes they’ re only saying that because they have the opposite preference as they do.”（在我们的第二个研究项目中，我们发现，当有人说他们没有偏好时，决策者通常会认为他们这么说只是因为他们有相反的偏好。）可知，决策者会猜测他人的想法。故选A。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“So next time someone asks you what you think don’t hold back”（所以下次有人问你怎么想的时候，不要犹豫）可知，文章的最佳标题是“如果有人问你的意见，就给出”。故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In today’s society where buying something new is only a matter of clicking a button, we’re constantly stuffing our houses with things we don’t need. ____16____ It also contributes to unnecessary waste and even anxiety for those living in spaces flooded with too many things. These are reasons why many are downsizing what they own. The first step to living with less is saying goodbye to excess (过量的) stuff. But how do you decide what to keep and what to throw out? It’s never an easy task. ____17____ Looking around your home, you may find tons of items that haven’t been of any use within recent memory. Chances are you’ll never miss them. Now that you’ve chosen which items you’ll be parting with, it’s time to figure out what to do with everything. ____18____ With easy-to-use platforms and apps, you can quickly earn cash without leaving the sofa. Besides, if you’re looking to do a good deed or just don’t want to deal with the trouble of selling your things, donation is the perfect way. ____19____ Another increasingly popular option is on- demand storage. It involves a professional team coming to the client and transporting their items to a storage facility. Oftentimes everything can be arranged straight from an app. ____20____ It requires some major lifestyle and mindset changes, but if it’s something you want to commit to, you may see many benefits. A. This creates more than a chaos problem. B. Certain objects are only meant to be used occasionally. C. First, stick them into storage until you decide what’s best. D. Giving away items you rarely use can benefit people in need. E. Pursuing a more minimalist lifestyle reduces chaos and stress. F. The thought, “I might need this someday,” is incredibly common. G. First, turn rubbish into treasure by selling off your extra possessions. 【答案】16. A 17. F 18. G 19. D 20. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了如何处理多余的物品，过上简约的生活方式。 【16题详解】 根据上文“In today’s society where buying something new is only a matter of clicking a button, we’re constantly stuffing our houses with things we don’t need.(在今天的社会中，购买新东西只是点击一个按钮的问题，我们不断地用我们不需要的东西填满我们的房子。)”可知，选项承接上文说明问题的严重性。故A选项“这不仅仅是一个混乱的问题”符合语境。故选A项。 【17题详解】 根据下文“Looking around your home, you may find tons of items that haven’t been of any use within recent memory.(环顾你的家，你可能会发现一大堆最近没有任何用处的东西。)”可知，选项承接下文解释了为什么人们难以决定丢弃物品。故F选项“‘我可能有一天会需要这个’的想法非常普遍”符合语境。故选F项。 【18题详解】 根据下文“With easy-to-use platforms and apps, you can quickly earn cash without leaving the sofa.(有了易于使用的平台和应用程序，你不用离开沙发就能快速赚钱。)”可知，选项承接下文介绍了处理多余物品的方法。故G选项“首先，通过出售多余的物品将垃圾变成宝藏”符合语境。故选G项。 【19题详解】 根据上文“Besides, if you’re looking to do a good deed or just don’t want to deal with the trouble of selling your things, donation is the perfect way.(此外，如果你想做一件好事，或者只是不想处理出售你的东西的麻烦，捐赠是一个完美的方式。)”可知，选项承接上文说明捐赠的好处。故D选项“捐赠你很少使用的物品可以帮助有需要的人”切题。故选D项。 【20题详解】 根据下文“It requires some major lifestyle and mindset changes, but if it’s something you want to commit to, you may see many benefits.(它需要一些主要的生活方式和思维方式的改变，但如果你想要承诺，你可能会看到很多好处。)”可知，选项总结全文说明了简约生活的好处。且引起下文。E选项“追求更简约的生活方式可以减少混乱和压力”符合语境。故选E项。 第三部分 语言知识及运用（共两节，满分25分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I was sort of a difficult student in school, always seeking the easy way out. One day, my teacher asked what I wanted to be when I grew up. Without a second thought, I told her I just wanted to be happy. She told me I was ____21____ the whole point of the question. “Happiness is exactly what I live for,” I responded ____22____. That evening, when I got home, my father looked unusually ____23____. I knew I couldn’t ____24____ what was in store for me. After taking a deep breath, I ____25____ myself to him and then came the ____26____ conversation. He stared at me in the eyes and started, “Son, it doesn’t matter what you do for a living as long as it brings you happiness. But happiness doesn’t come ____27____. Your mother finds her ____28____ in helping others as a nurse, and I find mine in teaching language. We both find happiness in the ____29____ work we do each day. How are you going to find your happiness?” His _____30_____ left me deep in thought. I realized that I had been _____31_____ the opportunity to experience the true essence of happiness. Ever since then, instead of shying away from difficult situations, I have chosen to face _____32_____ that came my way. Guided by my father’s _____33_____, I’ve achieved happiness now by _____34_____ hundreds of people who eventually realize, and more importantly, _____35_____ on the very idea. 21. A. complicating B. changing C. missing D. emphasizing 22. A. humorously B. randomly C. defensively D. creatively 23. A. serious B. nervous C. guilty D. curious 24. A. escape B. predict C. understand D. guarantee 25. A. proved B. dragged C. threw D. recommended 26. A. ice-breaking B. life-changing C. trouble-saving D. time-consuming 27. A. early B. often C. easy D. again 28. A. job B. place C. courage D. joy 29. A. temporary B. hard C. paid D. outdoor 30. A. examples B. words C. expression D. attitude 31. A. denying B. saving C. ensuring D. underestimating 32. A. failures B. criticism C. punishments D. challenges 33. A. wisdom B. experience C. ambition D. interpretation 34. A. judging B. warning C. protecting D. helping 35. A. reflect B. consult C. act D. comment 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述作者父亲与作者的谈话使得作者反思自己的想法，从而获得了真正的快乐。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我，我没有抓住问题的全部要点。A. complicating使复杂化；B. changing改变；C. missing错过；D. emphasizing强调。根据上文“Without a second thought, I told her I just wanted to be happy.”可知，我说的话与老师想要的答案的不符合，所以老师说我没有抓住问题的全部要点。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“快乐正是我活着的目的，”我创造性地回答。A. humorously幽默地；B. randomly随意地；C. defensively 申辩地；防御地；D. creatively有创造性地。根据上文“Happiness is exactly what I live for”可知，这是我的创造性地回答。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，当我回到家时，父亲显得异常严肃。A. serious严肃的；B. nervous紧张的；C. guilty内疚的；D. curious好奇的。根据上文可知，作者与老师的对话惹得老师不是很高兴，而爸爸也知道了这件事情，所以爸爸要教育我，所以很严肃。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道我无法理解等待着我的是什么。A. escape逃跑；B. predict预测；C. understand理解；D. guarantee保证。作者不理解父亲要说什么，或者怎么教育我。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：深吸一口气后，我拖着自己走向他，然后开始了改变我一生的谈话。A. proved证明；B. dragged拽；C. threw扔；D. recommended推荐。根据上文父亲的严肃以及“After taking a deep breath”可知，我知道自己要挨训，所以胆怯的靠近，所以拖着自己走向他。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：深吸一口气后，我拖着自己走向他，然后开始了改变我一生的谈话。A. ice-breaking破冰的；B. life-changing改变人生的；C. trouble-saving预防故障的；D. time-consuming耗时的。根据下文“Guided by my father’s ..., I’ve achieved happiness now by...hundreds of people who eventually realize, and more importantly, ... on the very idea.”可知，爸爸的谈话改变了作者的一生。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但快乐来之不易。A. early早地；B. often经常；C. easy容易地；D. again又一次。根据语境和常识可知，快乐来之不易。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名护士，你的母亲以帮助他人为乐，而我则以教语言为乐。A. job工作；B. place地方；C. courage勇气；D. joy快乐。根据上文“happiness”和下文“in helping others as a nurse”可知，母亲以帮助他人为乐。故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们都从每天辛勤工作中找到快乐。A. temporary暂时的；B. hard困难的，艰苦的；费力的；C. paid有偿的；D. outdoor户外的。根据上文“Your mother finds her ____8____ in helping others as a nurse, and I find mine in teaching language.”可知，每个人都在自己辛勤的岗位上寻找着自己的快乐。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的话使我陷入深思。A. examples例子；B. words话语；C. expression表达；D. attitude态度。根据上文“Son, it doesn’t matter what you do for a living as long as it brings you happiness. ...How are you going to find your happiness?”可知，这些是爸爸说的话。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我意识到我一直在拒绝体验幸福的真正本质的机会。A. denying否认；B. saving节省；C. ensuring确保；D. underestimating低估。根据上文“Without a second thought, I told her I just wanted to be happy.”可知，我把获得快乐说的很轻松，一直在否认体验幸福的真正本质。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，我没有逃避困难，而是选择面对我遇到的挑战。A. failures失败；B. criticism批评；C. punishments惩罚；D. challenges挑战。根据上文“difficult situations”可知，我选择面对挑战。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在父亲智慧的指引下，我现在已经通过帮助数百人最终意识到，更重要的是，反思这个想法而获得了幸福。A. wisdom智慧；B. experience经历；C. ambition野心；D. interpretation翻译。根据上文父亲的谈话可知，这是人生大智慧。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在父亲智慧的指引下，我现在已经通过帮助数百人最终意识到，更重要的是，反思这个想法而获得了幸福。A. judging判断；B. warning警告；C. protecting保护；D. helping帮助。根据上文的“helping”可知，我在帮助需要帮助的人。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在父亲智慧的指引下，我现在已经通过帮助数百人最终意识到，更重要的是，反思这个想法而获得了幸福。A. reflect反思；B. consult咨询；C. act表演；D. comment评论。根据上文“Ever since then, instead of shying away from difficult situations, I have chosen to face ____12____ that came my way.”可知，我反思了自己的想法，才有了改变。故选A项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xitang Ancient Town, located about 100km from Shanghai, is a picturesque water town ____36____ looks like a traditional Chinese painting. One of Xitang’s most notable features is its 1,300- meter-long roofed corridor(走廊) that stretches ____37____ the river, providing shade and shelter for visitors. It also now ____38____ (serve) an unofficial scenic route for visitors who can walk ____39____ (leisure) along and enjoy the scenery. The town is also famous for numerous bridges dating back ____40____ (century). During the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, it was an important town for the ____41____ (produce) of handiwork and also ____42____ commercial center in South China. Xitang’s night tours are particularly attractive, ____43____ (offer) visitors the chance to explore the town from boats ____44____ (decorate) with red lanterns. As night falls, the streets of Xitang _____45_____ (bathe) in the warm light of red lanterns, and the sound of traditional music flows from historic houses. Xitang becomes different just like a girl putting on heavy makeup. 【答案】36. which##that 37. along 38. serves 39. leisurely 40. centuries 41. production 42. a 43. offering 44. decorated 45. is bathed 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了西塘古镇的风景。 【36题详解】 考查关系代词。句意：西塘古镇距上海约100公里，是一个风景如画的水乡，看起来像一幅中国传统绘画。根据句意可知，此处需要使用关系词引导定语从句，修饰先行词town “小镇”，在定语从句中做主语，先行词为物。故填which或that。 【37题详解】 考查介词。西塘最引人注目的特色之一是其1300米长的有顶走廊，沿着河流延伸，为游客提供阴凉和庇护。分析句意可知，定语从句中，先行词corridor“走廊”为单数，在句中作主语，指的是这个走廊沿着河，故缺乏介词along“沿着”。故填along。 【38题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：现在，它还为游客提供了一条非官方的风景路线，让他们可以悠闲地漫步欣赏风景。分析句意可知，本句在陈述事实，为一般现在时，serve“提供”在句中做谓语，基于主谓一致原则，使用第三人称单数。故填serves。 【39题详解】 考查副词。句意：现在，它还为游客提供了一条非官方的风景路线，让他们可以悠闲地漫步欣赏风景。分析句意可知leisure“休闲”名词需要改为副词欣赏修饰动词walked“行走”。故填leisurely。 【40题详解】 考查名词。该镇还以几个世纪前的众多桥梁而闻名。分析句意可知，可数名词century“世纪”在此处没有表示单数的量词或冠词修饰，需要使用复数形式。故填centuries。 【41题详解】 考查名词。在明清时期，它是手工艺品生产的重要城镇，也是中国南方的商业中心。分析句意可知，动词produce“生产”前有定冠词，表示的是“手工艺品生产”这件事情，应该使用名词形式作宾语。故填production。 【42题详解】 考查冠词。在明清时期，它是手工艺品生产的重要城镇，也是中国南方的商业中心。分析句意可知，空格处应该使用不定冠词修饰center“中心”，表示该镇是中国南方的一个商业中心。且commercia首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。西塘的夜游特别有吸引力，游客有机会从装饰着红灯笼的船上探索这座城镇。分析句意可知，此处动词offer为非谓语，是前文主句“西塘的夜游特别有吸引力”导致的自然而然的结果，故使用现在分词表示结果状语。故填offering。 44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。西塘的夜游特别有吸引力，游客有机会从装饰着红灯笼的船上探索这座城镇。分析句意可知，此处动词decorate“装饰”在句中做boats“船”的后置定语，表示“被灯笼装饰的船”，使用过去分词表被动语态。故填decorated。 【45题详解】 考查被动语态。夜幕降临，西塘的街道沐浴在红灯笼的温暖灯光下，传统音乐的声音从历史悠久的房屋中传出。分析句意可知，此处动词bathe“沐浴”为谓语动词，与主语the streets of Xitang“西塘的街道”构成被动关系，且本文的时间状语从句谓语动词fall“降临”也为一般现在时，可知本句使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is bathed。 第四部分 词汇基础（共两节，满分25分） 第一节 词义匹配（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 第一组 请把下面的中文与英文单词匹配。每组有两个多余选项。 A. accident B. incident C. competence D. committee E. commitment F. dentist G. defeat 46. 委员会 ________ 47. 投入 ________ 48. 事件 ________ 49. 能力 ________ 50 战胜 ________ 【答案】46. D 47. E 48. B 49. C 50. G 【解析】 【分析】请把下面的中文与英文单词匹配。每组有两个多余选项。 【46题详解】 考查名词。“委员会”的英语表达是committee。故选D项。 【47题详解】 考查名词。“投入”的英语表达是commitment。故选E项。 【48题详解】 考查名词。“事件”的英语表达是incident。故选B项。 【49题详解】 考查名词。“能力”的英语表达是competence。故选C项。 【50题详解】 考查名词和动词。“战胜”的英语表达是defeat。故选G项。 第二组 请把下面的中文与英文单词匹配。每组有两个多余选项。 A. previous B. precise C. financial D. fundamental E. relevant F. rural G. refillable 51. 财政的________ 52. 乡村的________ 53. 以前的________ 54. 有关的________ 55. 基础的________ 【答案】51. C 52. F 53. A 54. E 55. D 【解析】 【分析】 【51题详解】 “财政的”，形容词，其英文表达为financial。故选C项。 【52题详解】 “乡村的”，形容词，其英文表达为rural。故选F项。 【53题详解】 “以前的”，形容词，其英文表达为previous。故选A项。 【54题详解】 “有关的”，形容词，其英文表达为relevant。故选E项。 【55题详解】 “基础的”，形容词，其英文表达为fundamental。故选D项。 【点睛】 第三组 请把下面的中文与英文单词匹配。每组有两个多余选项。 A. correspond B. collapse C. imitate D. investigate E. perceive F. justify G. swallow 56. 察觉 ________ 57. 通信 ________ 58. 倒塌 ________ 59. 调查 ________ 60. 证明……正确 ________ 【答案】56. E 57. A 58. B 59. D 60. F 【解析】 【56题详解】 动词“察觉”的英文表达为perceive。故填E。 57题详解】 动词“通信”的英文表达为correspond 。故填A。 【58题详解】 动词“倒塌”的英文表达为collapse。故填B。 【59题详解】 动词“调查”的英文表达为investigate。故填D。 【60题详解】 动词“证明……正确”的英文表达为justify。故填F。 第二节 选词填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） A 阅读下面文本，并从方框内的单词或语块中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A. medium B. artificially C. copy D. identify E. mechanic F. generations G. identical Cloning is the process of making an exact ____61____ of a plant or animal and developing it either naturally or ____62____. Natural cloning has been going on for ____63____. For example, gardeners have been using a form of cloning when they take a cutting from a plant and place it in a suitable ____64____, such as soil. Another example of natural cloning is ____65____ twins, who are produced from the same egg. 【答案】61. C 62. B 63. F 64. A 65. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了克隆技术。 【61题详解】 考查名词。句意：克隆是指制作植物或动物的精确复制品并使其自然或人工发育的过程。根据句意，设空处应用名词copy，意为“复制品”，an后接单数名词。符合句意。故选C项。 【62题详解】 考查副词。句意：克隆是指制作植物或动物的精确复制品并使其自然或人工发育的过程。根据句意，设空处应用副词artificially，意为“人工地”，与naturally并列作状语。故选B项。 【63题详解】 考查名词。句意：自然克隆已经持续了几代。根据句意，设空处应用名词generations，意为“几代”作宾语，符合句意。故选F项。 【64题详解】 考查名词。句意：例如，园丁在从植物上剪下一段并将其放置在合适介质中时，使用了一种克隆形式。根据句意，设空处应用名词medium，意为“介质”作宾语，符合句意。故选A项。 【65题详解】 考查形容词。句意：自然克隆的另一个例子是同卵双胞胎，它们是由同一个卵子产生的。根据句意，设空处应用形容词identical，意为“同卵的”作定语，符合句意。故选G项。 B 阅读下面文本，并从方框内的单词或语块中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A. restricted B. resolved C. informal D. individuals E. confidence F. clarifying G. handling Montessori, the first female doctor in Italy, developed the Montessori Method, an educational system that encourages an unconventional and ____66____ style of teaching. Children learn from ____67____ everyday materials, and they develop at their own pace. The Montessori philosophy is simple. For instance, one of its principles is that children are unique ____68____ who must be free to learn without being criticised or ____69____. It is the child that controls the pace, topic and lessons, not the rest of the class or the teacher. As a result, children enjoy learning, which gives them ____70____ and makes them happy. 【答案】66. C 67. G 68. D 69. A 70. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了蒙台梭利教育法的基本理念和特点。 【66题详解】 考查形容词。句意：蒙台梭利是意大利第一位女医生，她开发了蒙台梭利方法，这是一种鼓励非传统和非正式教学风格的教育体系。根据上文“unconventional”可知，informal“非正式的”符合句意，作定语。 故填C。 【67题详解】 考查动名词。句意：孩子们从处理日常材料中学习，他们按照自己的节奏发展。handle“处理”符合句意，from后接动名词。故填G。 【68题详解】 考查名词。句意：例如，它的原则之一是，儿童是独特的个体，必须自由学习，不受批评或限制。individuals“个体”符合句意，作表语。 故填D。 【69题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：例如，它的原则之一是，儿童是独特的个体，必须自由学习，不受批评或限制。根据“being criticised”可知，restricted“限制”符合句意。为动名词的被动形式，所以用过去分词。 故填A。 【70题详解】 考查名词。句意：因此，孩子们喜欢学习，这给了他们信心，使他们快乐。根据上文“As a result, children enjoy learning”可知，confidence“自信”符合句意，作宾语。故填E。 第五部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 71. 假定你是李华，你们学校上周末组织同学们到中山大学参加了研学活动，请给你的英国笔友Jack写一封邮件分享你的研学经历，内容包括： 1. 活动内容； 2. 你的收获。 注意： 写作词数应为80个左右。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Jack, I am writing to share my study tour experience at Sun Yat-sen University last weekend. I attended lectures on various subjects, visited the university’s library and interacted with professors and students. I learned a lot about the university and its academic programs. It was a great opportunity to broaden my horizons and gain new knowledge. What I said was that I really enjoyed the trip. It was a rewarding and unforgettable experience. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。学校上周末组织同学们到中山大学参加了研学活动，要求考生给英国笔友Jack写一封邮件分享研学经历。 【详解】1.词汇积累 拜访：visit→pay a visit to 参加：participate in→take part in 机会：opportunity→chance 获得：gain→attain 2.句式拓展 合并句子 原句：What I said was that I really enjoyed the trip. It was a rewarding and unforgettable experience. . 拓展句：What I said was that I really enjoyed the trip, which was a rewarding and unforgettable experience. 【点睛】[高分句型1] It was a great opportunity to broaden my horizons and gain new knowledge. (运用了it作形式主语、不定式作真正主语) [高分句型2] What I said was that I really enjoyed the trip. (运用了what引导主语从句和that引导的表语从句) 第二节（满分25分） 72. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 In 1996, I had just finished my first year of community college. After borrowing my dad’s car for school for a few months, we decided it was time for me to get my own car. Since my family was economical, we headed to the used car section. I found a cute little car that seemed like a great deal, but my dad had doubts from the start. He wanted to have it thoroughly checked before purchasing, but I was in a hurry. “Dad, we can’t inspect every car. Let’s just pick one. I want this one...” So, he gave in. The cute little car was mine! But as soon as we drove off the lot, problems started. First, constant overheating. Then, a knocking sound from the engine. But oh no — I was not going to be stopped. Not Miss Fancy Pants College Girl. I had my own car! What if the needle went to the “H” every now and then? Big deal! I just wouldn’t look at it. And that annoying little sound from the engine? I could just turn up the radio. Problem solved! Ignoring these warnings, I headed out to a Friday night party in my college town, looking forward to it for weeks and shocked that my dad allowed me to go. However, with an unexpected winter snowstorm, my dad started having second thoughts. The snowy roads combined with my car’s issues were enough for him to voice his concerns. But I wasn’t listening. Off I went, driving in the snow for thirty minutes. Just as I hit a long stretch of somewhat deserted highway, the unavoidable happened. My precious little car let out its final breath... and died. Luckily, I managed to coast to the side of the highway, barely over the line onto the shoulder, before it came to a complete stop. Now, remember, this was 1996, and cell phones were rare. There was no way to call for help. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 I was really stuck on a snowy dark night on the highway. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ About an hour later, a familiar car came out of nowhere. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I was really stuck on a snowy dark night on the highway. I felt helpless and scared. The cold wind was blowing and the snow was getting heavier. I didn’t know what to do. I tried to start the car again and again, but it was no use. I thought about walking to find help, but it was too far and too dangerous. I just sat in the car and prayed for someone to come and save me. About an hour later, a familiar car came out of nowhere. It was my dad’s car! I was so relieved and happy to see him. He told me that he was worried about me and decided to come and look for me. He had been driving around for a long time and finally found me. He checked the car and found that it was beyond repair. He then took me home safely. I was very grateful to my dad for his love and care. I learned a valuable lesson from this experience: never ignore the warnings and always listen to the advice of others. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，叙述了作者在雪夜中被困在高速公路上的情景，表现了作者的后悔和无助。随后，作者的父亲出现，展现了父亲的关心和爱护。通过这次经历，作者学会了听从父亲的建议，并意识到不能忽视警告信号。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“在一个下雪的黑夜里，我被困在高速公路上了。”可知，第一段可描写作者想自助但无济于事，只能坐在车里祈祷有人来救自己。 ②由第二段首句内容“大约一小时后，不知从哪里冒出一辆熟悉的汽车。”可知，第二段可描写父亲来救治自己以及自己的感悟。 2.续写线索：试着发动汽车——祈祷有人来救自己——父亲出现——作者很高兴——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①发现：find/spot ②忽略：ignore/neglect ③决定：decide/determine 情绪类 ①害怕的：scared/frightened ②快乐的：happy/pleased 【点睛】[高分句型1] He told me that he was worried about me and decided to come and look for me. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2] I didn’t know what to do. (运用了疑问词+动词不定式)。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$