精品解析：北京市第五十七中学2024-2025学年高三上学期8月考试英语试题

北京市第五十七中学2024-2025学年高三8月考试 高三英语 2024.08 本场考试笔试部分共90分钟，满分100分。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，25分） 第一节 完形填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 I entered this world with Poland syndrome, a disease that prevented the formation of my right arm and muscles. My parents believed playing with Lego could enhance my ___1___ and gifted me my first kit when I was five. Initially I ___2___ to piece the components together but finally I crafted my first Lego work — a car. By the age of nine, I had fashioned my first prosthetic arm (义肢) using Lego — a simple box that perfectly accommodated my right arm. This early creation sparked my drive for further ___3___. Years later, I developed another prosthetic arm called the MK-1, which had fingers, a motor, a pressure sensor, and a grabber capable of ___4___ things. Before constructing it, I was against traditional prosthetics as they were too ___5___. My parents had looked into getting one years earlier, only to be discouraged by the prohibitive price. So, I concluded that I might not need one because I was managing well without. As the years passed, my creations evolved from MK-1 to the more advanced and comfortable MK-V. One day, a couple with their eight-year-old son, who lost both arms in an accident, reached out to me after learning about my story. Short of money, they couldn’t afford well-functioning prosthetics. “Daniel,” the father ___6___ asked, “we were wondering if you could help build a set of prosthetics for our son.” It would be a challenging task, but I responded with a “yes”. Without any delay, I ___7___ the task. The subsequent days witnessed how I carefully selected the Lego piece and intricately integrated practical components to enhance its dexterity (灵巧). Days turned into weeks, and the boy-customized prosthetics finally took shape. It’s time for them to fulfill their intended purpose. I rushed to the boy’s home and ___8___ the prosthetics onto him. They worked! The room erupted with cheers! The boy expressed his gratitude and sprinted to his parents to ___9___ them in the biggest hug. Never had I imagined that my creations, born out of mere _____10_____, would someday make such a difference. 1. A. stability B. mobility C. flexibility D. reliability 2. A. learned B. attempted C. managed D. struggled 3. A. effort B. investment C. application D. exploration 4. A. picking up B. setting up C. pulling up D. rolling up 5. A. unstable B. expensive C. inconvenient D. clumsy 6. A. gratefully B. desperately C. hurriedly D. earnestly 7 A. embarked on B. set off C. figured out D. carried on 8. A. secured B. placed C. guaranteed D. stuck 9. A. encounter B. engrave C. engage D. envelop 10. A. awe B. dedication C. fun D. boredom 第二节 语法填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 As a distinctive visual art symbol of China, Chinese paper cutting, _____11_____ (be) around for centuries. With a piece of paper and a pair of scissors, diverse patterns ranging from portraits to animal zodiacs _____12_____ (create) with delicate designs. The art of Chinese paper cutting is believed _____13_____ (originate) in China even before the invention of paper by Cai Lun in 105 CE. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A golden cat was shot by an infrared (红外线的) camera in the forests in Gansu province in early September. This was the first time that an image of this rare animal _____14_____ (capture) in the Bailongjiang forest area in Gansu. The golden cat is a carnivorous (食肉的) mammal _____15_____ (live) in mountain forests, _____16_____ footprints can be seen from humid evergreen forests to broad-leaved mixed forests at an altitude of 3,000 meters. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 _____17_____ the Chinese Olympic team won the second most MEDALS at the Paris Games has spread across the streets and lanes. Sun Yingsha, China’s 23-year-old table tennis player _____18_____ won two gold medals was again in the spotlight when she, as the _____19_____ (represent) of Asia, ceremoniously extinguished the Olympic flame on Sunday night, _____20_____ athletes from other continents, the International Olympic Committee Refugee Olympic Team, and host nation France, as well as IOC President Thomas Bach. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节,38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Painting is an ancient medium and even with the introduction of photography, film and digital technology, it still has remained a persistent mode of expression. So many paintings have come into being over the years but only a small percentage of them could be described as “timeless classics”. The following are some of the most famous paintings of all time. Leonardo Da Vinci, Mona Lisa, 1503 — 1519 Painted between 1503 and 1519,Leonardo da Vinci’s attractive portrait has been a subject of controversy since the day it was made, due to two questions: Who’s the subject and why is she smiling? A number of theories for the former have been provided over the years: That she’s the wife of the Florentine merchant Francesco di Bartolomeo del Giocondo and that she’s Leonardo’s mother, Caterina. As for that famous smile, its quality has driven people crazy for hundreds of years. James Abbott McNeill Whistler, Arrangement in Grey and Black No.1, 1871 Whistler’s Mother, or Arrangement in Grey and Black No.1,as it’s actually titled, speaks to the artist’s ambition to pursue art for art’s sake. James Abbott McNeill Whistler painted the work in his London studio in 1871. Whistler’s mother Anna is pictured as one of several elements locked into an arrangement of right angles. Her severe expression fits in with the rigidity of the composition, and it’s somewhat ironic to note that despite Whistler’s formalist intentions, the painting became a symbol of motherhood. Jan van Eyck The Arnolfini Portrait,1434 As one of the most significant works produced during the Northern Renaissance, this composition is believed to be one of the first paintings finished in oils. It portrays an Italian merchant and a woman who may or may not be his bride. In 1934.the celebrated art historian Erwin Panofsky proposed that the painting is actually a wedding contract. What can be reliably said is that the piece used orthogonal perspective to create a sense of space. It feels like a painting you could step into. 21. What aspect of the Mona Lisa has attracted people for centuries? A. The research methods. B. The mysterious smile. C. The attractive clothing. D. The matching of colors. 22. Why did Whistler paint her mother? A. To show love for his mother. B. To be a symbol of motherhood. C. To express his artistic intention. D. To decorate his studio in London. 23. Who used orthogonal perspective to create a sense of space? A. Leonardo da Vinci. B. James Abbott McNeill Whistler. C. Jan van Eyck. D. Erwin Panofsky. B Bill Sumiel was having a tough Friday. It was October 2020,and the 71-year-old,who was dealing with kidney failure and had been on dialysis (透析) for a few years, found himself away from home. He’d been diagnosed with diabetes (糖尿病) over 20 years before, which led to his kidney problems. He was on the transplant list, but no matches had yet appeared. So he continued with his treatments periodically. Without a ride lined up for Friday’s do-over, Sumiel took Ubers to and from his appointment. Timothy Letts, 31, was driving to visit a friend when his phone received the request for Sumiel’s ride home. When Sumiel got into his car, Letts could see that the older man was unenergetic but in good spirits. And as they set out to Sumiel’s home, the pair got to chatting. During conversation, Sumiel revealed that he was searching for a kidney donor. Letts joked that he’d be a good donor candidate, given that he didn’t drink or smoke. Sumiel agreed, though he didn’t think much of it. Letts, however, couldn’t stop thinking about it and it was always on his mind. So, Letts said: “I’d like to see if I could be a match to give you a kidney.” “I was shocked,” Sumiel recalls. He was shaking so hard that he could barely write his name when they exchanged contact information After the initial excitement, Sumiel started feeling less optimistic. He was touched by Letts’s offer, but he wondered if it had just been an emotional moment. Would he hear from him? And what was the likelihood of a match? But Letts was true to his word. He got in touch with Sumiel just a few hours later, and by the next week, Letts had contacted the kidney transplant program. After a series of testing, the results were in: Letts was an ideal donor, and he and Sumiel were a perfect match. In December 2021,14 months after their chance encounter, Sumiel and Letts had their surgeries. It was a success. Today they live respectively and healthily and anticipate the day they can reunite. 24. Why did Sumiel start feeling less optimistic after excitement? A. He questioned the sincerity of Letts’ offer. B. He worried about the risks of the surgery. C. He believed Letts would forget his offer. D. He doubted if Letts was fit for donation. 25. What kind of person is Letts based on this text? A. Sympathetic and wise. B. Reliable and helpful. C. Responsible and Sensitive. D. Trustworthy and humble. 26. What is the best title for the text? A. A Fortunate Driver. B. A Kidney Transplant. C. A Successful Surgery. D. A Ride for a Lifetime. C Humans’ overconsumption of resources is a leading contributor to global climate change, says University of Arizona researcher Sabrina Helm. Therefore, it’s increasingly important to understand the choices consumers make and how those decisions affect the health of a planet with limited resources. In a new study, published in the journal Young Consumers, Helm and her colleagues explore how materialistic values influence pro-environmental behaviors in millennials, who are now the nation’s most influential group of consumers. The researchers focused on two main categories of pro-environmental behaviors: reduced consumption, which includes actions like repairing instead of replacing older items; and “green buying,” or purchasing products designed to limit environmental impacts. The researchers also looked at how engaging in pro-environmental behaviors affects consumer well-being. More materialistic participants, the researchers found, were unlikely to engage in reduced consumption. However, materialism did not seem to have an effect on their likelihood of practicing “green buying.” That’s probably because “green buying,” unlike reduced consumption, still offers a way for materialists to fulfill their desire to get new items, Helm said. Study participants who reported having fewer materialistic values were much more likely to engage in reduced consumption. Consuming less was, in turn, linked to higher personal well-being and lower psychological suffering. Green buying—which may have some positive environmental effects, although to a smaller degree than reduced consumption—was not found to improve consumer well-being, Helm said. The take-home message for consumers: “The key is to reduce consumption and not just buy green stuff. Having less and buying less can actually make us more satisfied and happier,” Helm said. “If you have a lot of stuff, you have a lot on your mind,” she said. “For example, it requires maintenance and there’s a lot of burdens of ownership, and if you relieve yourself of that burden of ownership, most people report feeling a lot better and freer.” Helm and her colleagues additionally looked at how materialism affects millennial consumers’ proactive financial behaviors, such as budgeting and saving. Examining financial behaviors alongside pro-environmental behaviors provides a picture of how young adults proactively deal with resource limitations in two contexts: environmental and financial, Helm said. As expected, Helm and her colleagues found that those who reported having more materialistic values engaged in fewer proactive financial behaviors than their less materialistic counterparts (对应的人). The researchers also found that, consistent with previous studies, proactive financial behaviors were associated with better personal well-being, life satisfaction and financial satisfaction, as well as lower psychological suffering. Understanding how materialistic values impact consumer behaviors, and how those behaviors in turn affect personal and environmental well-being, is important, Helm said. However, she acknowledges that for many consumers, shifting behaviors to be more financially proactive and consume less will be challenging. 27. What do we know about pro-environmental behaviors? A. They are a cause of climate change. B. They lead to a more satisfying life. C. They vary in different age groups. D. They are affected by materialism. 28. It can be learned from Helm’s study that ________. A. ownership of green products brings a sense of happiness B. materialists prefer practicing green buying to buying less C. green buying helps control people’s desire to buy new items D. buying less and green buying have similar effects on people 29. According to the study, which of the following can improve one’s well-being? A. Replacing older items. B. Developing new resources. C. Buying greener products. D. Being careful with expenses. 30. What is Helm probably going to explain in the next paragraph? A. When people develop proactive financial behaviors. B. Which financial behaviors lead to mental well-being. C. Why it is hard to change people’s financial behaviors. D. How materialistic values influence financial behaviors. D Who cares if people think wrongly that the internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes? It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people’s opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources. The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so “yesterday” that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in “post-industrial society” has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业), with negative consequences for their economies. Even more worryingly, the fascination with the internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the “digital divide” between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people’s lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money. In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a “borderless world”. As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results. Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions. 31. Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to ________. A. a lack of confidence in technology B. a slow progress in technology C. a conflict of public opinions D. a waste of limited resources 32. The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should ________. A. take people’s essential needs into account B. make their programmes attractive to people C. ensure that each child gets financial support D. provide more affordable internet facilities 33. What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations? A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances. B. Believing that the world has become borderless. C Ignoring the power of economic development. D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication. 34. What can we learn from the passage? A. People should be encouraged to make more donations. B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays. C. Making right career choices is crucial to personal success. D. Economic policies should follow technological trends. 第二节 七选五（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 It has been suspected that whale sharks, the biggest fish in the sea, are long-lived, and now this has been confirmed using a carbon dating technique. ___35___ Steven Campana is a researcher from the University of Iceland in Reykjavik. ___36___ It makes a big difference whether they are fast-growing and short-lived, or slow-growing and long-lived. ___37___ They don’t have the bony structures in their ears that are used to work out the age of most fish. Instead, sharks’ age can be measured based on growth rings in their cartilaginous vertebrae (软骨椎骨), and these growth rings form at different rates in different species. Two decades ago, Campana’s team showed that growth-ring-based age could be checked by looking at levels of the carbon-14 isotope (同位素) in the rings. ___38___ For instance, it was thought that great white sharks lived only 12 to 15 years, but recent studies have shown individuals as old as 73. Now the carbon-14 technique has been applied to the preserved remains of two adult whale sharks. It shows that one of these whales was at least 50 years old. ___39___ In 2016 a study using the same method reported that Greenland sharks are the longest living vertebrates (脊椎动物) possibly living as long as 500 years. Campana is doubtful about such extreme life span, but it is clear that they can live more than a century. A. Other individuals may live even longer. B. But working out how long sharks live is difficult. C. A lot of animals including sharks can live for decades. D. The sharks are now able to survive in low oxygen environments. E. In his opinion, knowing how long animals live is important for conservation. F. It turns out that these animals live for at least 50 years and probably far longer. G. This technique has proved that the age of many sharks has been guessed wrong. 第三部分：书面表达（共三节，32分） 第一节 阅读与表达 （共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Teenagers are learning new communication skills every day. It is important for them to have opportunities to network, or to meet and get to know new people. Online networking, which is very popular with teens today, makes short, superficial connections. But offline networking better encourages meaningful connections that will increase hope, develop skills, and open avenues to career opportunity. Teens need to practice more offline networking. It will prepare them to be confident face-to-face communicators in the real world. A survey of almost 7,000 teens was conducted in 2019 by three Swiss researchers, and they found that teens were spending too much time on social networking sites. So, they suggested that teens should spend more time with others in real life. It not only contributes to a stronger sense of identity and a happier mood, but also gives us the chance to share happiness with other people. In other words, offline networking seems to actually benefit a teen’s emotional health. Face-to-face communication also gives teens an opportunity to learn to read people. Everyone communicates in person differently than communicating over the phone, through texting, or in online posts. Being face-to-face requires a person to think and respond more quickly—without the safety net of a delete key. And much of our communication is nonverbal anyway. Facial expressions gestures, and vocal tones are just a few examples. Teens need to have face-to-face interactions so they can learn to read these nonverbal cues(暗示), which are sometimes even more important than the words a person is saying. A time will come when the teen will need to enter the job market, and this usually means a face-to-face interaction, including interacting naturally with customers, hearing and understanding their words as well as their nonverbal cues in many different kinds of businesses. Offline networking is important because it can improve a teenager’s well-being and help prepare him for the future. That’s why every teen should spend time practicing real-world interactions. 40. What is the disadvantage of online networking? 41. What was the researchers’ suggestion to teens? 42. Read the following statement, underline the false part of it and explain the reason. Hearing and understanding what a person is saying is necessarily involved in communication, so people get less from nonverbal expressions. 43. Please present what you can do to make effective face-to-face communication in your daily life. (about 40 words) 第二节 应用文写作（共1小题；共20分） 44. 假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim发邮件告诉你，最近他参加一次学校电视主持人的面试，但是失败了，心情很沮丧。请你给Jim回信，内容包括： 1. 给与安慰和鼓励； 2. 提出一些建议。 注意：1. 词数不少于50； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 提示词：电视主持人 TV host ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 北京市第五十七中学2024-2025学年高三8月考试 高三英语 2024.08 本场考试笔试部分共90分钟，满分100分。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，25分） 第一节 完形填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 I entered this world with Poland syndrome, a disease that prevented the formation of my right arm and muscles. My parents believed playing with Lego could enhance my ___1___ and gifted me my first kit when I was five. Initially I ___2___ to piece the components together but finally I crafted my first Lego work — a car. By the age of nine, I had fashioned my first prosthetic arm (义肢) using Lego — a simple box that perfectly accommodated my right arm. This early creation sparked my drive for further ___3___. Years later, I developed another prosthetic arm called the MK-1, which had fingers, a motor, a pressure sensor, and a grabber capable of ___4___ things. Before constructing it, I was against traditional prosthetics as they were too ___5___. My parents had looked into getting one years earlier, only to be discouraged by the prohibitive price. So, I concluded that I might not need one because I was managing well without. As the years passed, my creations evolved from MK-1 to the more advanced and comfortable MK-V. One day, a couple with their eight-year-old son, who lost both arms in an accident, reached out to me after learning about my story. Short of money, they couldn’t afford well-functioning prosthetics. “Daniel,” the father ___6___ asked, “we were wondering if you could help build a set of prosthetics for our son.” It would be a challenging task, but I responded with a “yes”. Without any delay, I ___7___ the task. The subsequent days witnessed how I carefully selected the Lego piece and intricately integrated practical components to enhance its dexterity (灵巧). Days turned into weeks, and the boy-customized prosthetics finally took shape. It’s time for them to fulfill their intended purpose. I rushed to the boy’s home and ___8___ the prosthetics onto him. They worked! The room erupted with cheers! The boy expressed his gratitude and sprinted to his parents to ___9___ them in the biggest hug. Never had I imagined that my creations, born out of mere _____10_____, would someday make such a difference. 1. A. stability B. mobility C. flexibility D. reliability 2. A. learned B. attempted C. managed D. struggled 3. A. effort B. investment C. application D. exploration 4. A. picking up B. setting up C. pulling up D. rolling up 5. A. unstable B. expensive C. inconvenient D. clumsy 6. A. gratefully B. desperately C. hurriedly D. earnestly 7. A. embarked on B. set off C. figured out D. carried on 8. A. secured B. placed C. guaranteed D. stuck 9. A. encounter B. engrave C. engage D. envelop 10. A. awe B. dedication C. fun D. boredom 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. A 9. D 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者天生患有Poland综合症，为帮助作者加强灵活性，家长让他用乐高积木制作，而作者没想到自己出于乐趣的创作，却对一个需要假肢的男孩产生了很大的影响。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父母认为玩乐高可以提高我的灵活性，并在我五岁的时候送给我第一个乐高玩具。A. stability稳定；B. mobility移动；C. flexibility灵活性；D. reliability依赖。根据上文的“I entered this world with Poland syndrome, a disease that prevented the formation of my right arm and muscles.”可知，作者患上一种阻止作者右臂和肌肉形成的疾病，所以活动可能不灵活，由此可知，此处指的是作者的父亲认为玩乐高可以提高作者的灵活性。故选C项。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一开始，我努力把这些部件拼在一起，但最后我制作了我的第一件乐高作品——一辆汽车。A. learned学习；B. attempted尝试；C. managed管理；D. struggled拼搏，努力。根据上文的“I entered this world with Poland syndrome, a disease that prevented the formation of my right arm and muscles.”可知，作者患上一种阻止作者右臂和肌肉的形成的疾病，由此可知，此处指的是作者一开始拼乐高很费力，所以作者是努力地把这些部件拼在一起，struggle to do sth.意为“努力做某事”。故选D项。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个早期的创作激发了我进一步探索的动力。A. effort努力；B. investment投资；C. application应用；D. exploration探索。根据下文的“Years later, I developed another prosthetic arm called the MK-1, which had fingers, a motor, a pressure sensor, and a grabber capable of ___4___ things.”可知，作者几年后开发了另一种义肢，叫做MK-1，由此可知，此处指的是作者进一步探索制作义肢。故选D项。 【4题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：几年后，我开发了另一种义肢，叫做MK-1，它有手指、马达、压力传感器和一个能抓取东西的抓取器。A. picking up捡起；B. setting up建立；C. pulling up停车；D. rolling up卷起。根据上文中的“which had fingers, a motor, a pressure sensor, and a grabber”可知，这种义肢有手指、马达、压力传感器和抓取器，由此可知，此处指的是抓取器可以捡起东西。故选A项。 【5题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在建造它之前，我反对传统的义肢，因为它们太贵了。A. unstable不稳定的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. inconvenient不便的；D. clumsy笨拙的。根据下文的“My parents had looked into getting one years earlier, only to be discouraged by the prohibitive price.”可知，作者的父母曾经考虑给作者买义肢，但由于价格过高而气馁，由此可知，此处指的是义肢太昂贵了。故选B项。 【6题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“丹尼尔，”父亲恳切地问，“我们想知道你是否能帮我们的儿子做一套义肢。”A. gratefully感激的；B. desperately拼命地；C. hurriedly匆忙地；D. earnestly诚挚地，恳切地。根据上文的“Short of money, they couldn’t afford well-functioning prosthetics.”可知，这对夫妇支付不起儿子义肢，所以此处应是诚挚地问作者能不能帮着做一套。故选D项。 【7题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我毫不迟延地着手这项任务。A. embarked on开始；B. set off引发；C. figured out计算出；D. carried on继续。根据上文的“without any delay”以及下文的“The subsequent days witnessed how I carefully selected the Lego piece and intricately integrated practical components to enhance its dexterity.”可知，作者毫不迟疑，认真挑选积木，并整合实用组件，以提高其灵活性，由此可知，此处指的是作者开始做义肢。故选A项。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我冲到男孩的家里，把义肢固定在他身上。A. secured拴牢，固定；B. placed放置；C. guaranteed保证；D. stuck坚持。根据下文的“They worked! The room erupted with cheers!”可知，作者做的假肢很奏效，大家都鼓起掌来，由此可推知，此处指的是作者把义肢固定在那个男孩身上。故选A项。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：男孩表达了他的感激之情，然后冲向父母，给他们一个大大的拥抱。A. encounter遇到；B. engrave刻上；C. engage从事；D. envelop包住，盖住。根据上文中的“The boy expressed his gratitude and sprinted to his parents to”以及下文的“in the biggest hug.”可知，男孩开心给父母一个拥抱，所以此处使用“包住，裹住”符合语境。故选D项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有想到，我的创作，仅仅是出于乐趣，有一天会产生如此大的影响。A. awe敬畏；B. dedication奉献；C. fun趣事；D. boredom无聊。根据上文的“This early creation sparked my drive for further ___3___ .”可知，作者用手工制作义肢一开始是个乐趣。故选C项。 第二节 语法填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 As a distinctive visual art symbol of China, Chinese paper cutting, _____11_____ (be) around for centuries. With a piece of paper and a pair of scissors, diverse patterns ranging from portraits to animal zodiacs _____12_____ (create) with delicate designs. The art of Chinese paper cutting is believed _____13_____ (originate) in China even before the invention of paper by Cai Lun in 105 CE. 【答案】11. has been 12. are created 13. to have originated 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是中国剪纸及其历史。 【11题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：作为中国独特的视觉艺术符号，中国剪纸已经存在了几个世纪。此处为谓语动词，根据句意以及时间状语for centuries可知，此处表示该动作已经发生，所以使用现在完成时have/has been，主语Chinese paper cutting为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式has been。故填has been。 【12题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：用一张纸和一把剪刀，各种各样的图案，从肖像到生肖，都是精致的设计。此处为谓语动词，根据句意可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，create与主语diverse patterns之间为被动关系，所以使用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语diverse patterns为名词复数，be动词用are。故填are created。 【13题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：中国剪纸艺术被认为起源于中国，甚至在公元105年蔡伦发明纸之前。此处为固定句型“sb./sth. be believed to do sth.”意为“某人或某物被认为……”，且此处表示动作先于believe发生，应用不定式的完成式to have done。故填to have originated。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A golden cat was shot by an infrared (红外线的) camera in the forests in Gansu province in early September. This was the first time that an image of this rare animal _____14_____ (capture) in the Bailongjiang forest area in Gansu. The golden cat is a carnivorous (食肉的) mammal _____15_____ (live) in mountain forests, _____16_____ footprints can be seen from humid evergreen forests to broad-leaved mixed forests at an altitude of 3,000 meters. 【答案】14. had been captured 15. living 16. whose 【解析】 【导语】本文是篇新闻报道。主要讲述了一只国家一级重点保护野生动物金猫在甘肃省白龙江森林地区被拍摄到。 【14题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：这是第一次在甘肃白龙江林区捕捉到这种稀有动物的图像。空处应为谓语动词，根据句式This is/was the first time that...表示“某件事情是第一次发生”可知，从句常用完成时，由句中“was”可知，应用过去完成时；主语是“an image”，与capture之间应为被动关系，表示“图像被捕捉到”，故为被动语态，所以此处使用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been captured。 【15题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：金猫是一种生活在山林中的食肉哺乳动物，从湿润的常绿森林到海拔约3000米的阔叶混交林，都能看到金猫的足迹。空处为非谓语动词作定语修饰mammal，live与mammal之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式作定语。故填living。 【16题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：金猫是一种生活在山林中的食肉哺乳动物，从湿润的常绿森林到海拔约3000米的阔叶混交林，都能看到金猫的足迹。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“The golden cat”，先行词与空后的footprints之间为所属关系，关系词替代先行词在从句中作footprints的定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 _____17_____ the Chinese Olympic team won the second most MEDALS at the Paris Games has spread across the streets and lanes. Sun Yingsha, China’s 23-year-old table tennis player _____18_____ won two gold medals was again in the spotlight when she, as the _____19_____ (represent) of Asia, ceremoniously extinguished the Olympic flame on Sunday night, _____20_____ athletes from other continents, the International Olympic Committee Refugee Olympic Team, and host nation France, as well as IOC President Thomas Bach. 【答案】17. That 18. who##that 19. representative 20. with 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是中国奥运代表团在巴黎奥运会上取得的成绩以及23岁的乒乓球运动员孙颖莎获得了两枚金牌，并代表亚洲熄灭奥运圣火。 【17题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：中国奥运代表队在巴黎奥运会上获得奖牌数第二多的消息传遍了大街小巷。此处为连接词引导的主语从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，且句意完整，所以使用连接词that，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填That。 【18题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：周日晚上，赢得两枚金牌的23岁中国乒乓球运动员孙英莎再次成为人们关注的焦点，她作为亚洲代表，与来自其他大洲的运动员、国际奥委会难民奥运代表队、东道主法国以及国际奥委会主席巴赫一起，隆重地熄灭了奥运圣火。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词table tennis player指的是人，所以此处使用关系代词who或者that。故填who/that。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：周日晚上，赢得两枚金牌的23岁中国乒乓球运动员孙英莎再次成为人们关注的焦点，她作为亚洲代表，与来自其他大洲的运动员、国际奥委会难民奥运代表队、东道主法国以及国际奥委会主席巴赫一起，隆重地熄灭了奥运圣火。此处为名词作宾语，represent的名词representative意为“代表”，结合句意，此处为特指，表示“作为亚洲的代表”，所以使用名词单数形式。故填representative。 【20题详解】 考查介词。句意：周日晚上，赢得两枚金牌的23岁中国乒乓球运动员孙英莎再次成为人们关注的焦点，她作为亚洲代表，与来自其他大洲的运动员、国际奥委会难民奥运代表队、东道主法国以及国际奥委会主席巴赫一起，隆重地熄灭了奥运圣火。结合句意可知，此处应为介词with意为“和……一起”。故填with。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节,38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Painting is an ancient medium and even with the introduction of photography, film and digital technology, it still has remained a persistent mode of expression. So many paintings have come into being over the years but only a small percentage of them could be described as “timeless classics”. The following are some of the most famous paintings of all time. Leonardo Da Vinci, Mona Lisa, 1503 — 1519 Painted between 1503 and 1519,Leonardo da Vinci’s attractive portrait has been a subject of controversy since the day it was made, due to two questions: Who’s the subject and why is she smiling? A number of theories for the former have been provided over the years: That she’s the wife of the Florentine merchant Francesco di Bartolomeo del Giocondo and that she’s Leonardo’s mother, Caterina. As for that famous smile, its quality has driven people crazy for hundreds of years. James Abbott McNeill Whistler, Arrangement in Grey and Black No.1, 1871 Whistler’s Mother, or Arrangement in Grey and Black No.1,as it’s actually titled, speaks to the artist’s ambition to pursue art for art’s sake. James Abbott McNeill Whistler painted the work in his London studio in 1871. Whistler’s mother Anna is pictured as one of several elements locked into an arrangement of right angles. Her severe expression fits in with the rigidity of the composition, and it’s somewhat ironic to note that despite Whistler’s formalist intentions, the painting became a symbol of motherhood. Jan van Eyck, The Arnolfini Portrait,1434 As one of the most significant works produced during the Northern Renaissance, this composition is believed to be one of the first paintings finished in oils. It portrays an Italian merchant and a woman who may or may not be his bride. In 1934.the celebrated art historian Erwin Panofsky proposed that the painting is actually a wedding contract. What can be reliably said is that the piece used orthogonal perspective to create a sense of space. It feels like a painting you could step into. 21. What aspect of the Mona Lisa has attracted people for centuries? A. The research methods. B. The mysterious smile. C. The attractive clothing. D. The matching of colors. 22. Why did Whistler paint her mother? A. To show love for his mother. B. To be a symbol of motherhood. C. To express his artistic intention. D. To decorate his studio in London. 23. Who used orthogonal perspective to create a sense of space? A. Leonardo da Vinci. B. James Abbott McNeill Whistler. C. Jan van Eyck. D. Erwin Panofsky. 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几幅经典名画，来探讨这些作品的艺术特点、历史背景及其对后世的影响。 21题详解】 细节理解题。由文章Leonardo Da Vinci, Mona Lisa, 1503—1519部分的“As for that famous smile, its quality has driven people crazy for hundreds of years. (至于那个著名的微笑，它的特征已经让人们疯狂了几百年。)”可知，几个世纪以来吸引人们的是蒙娜丽莎的神秘微笑。故选B。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。由文章James Abbott McNeill Whistler, Arrangement in Grey and Black No.1, 1871部分“Whistler’s Mother, or Arrangement in Grey and Black No.1, as it’s actually titled, speaks to the artist’s ambition to pursue art for art’s sake. (惠斯勒的Mother或Arrangement in Grey and Black No.1，正如它的名字一样，讲述了这位艺术家为艺术而追求艺术的雄心壮志。)”可知，Whistler画他的母亲是为了表达他的艺术意图。故选C。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。由文章Jan van Eyck, The Arnolfini Portrait,1434部分的“What can be reliably said is that the piece used orthogonal perspective to create a sense of space. It feels like a painting you could step into. (可以肯定的是，这件作品使用了正交透视来创造一种空间感。感觉就像一幅你可以走进去的画。)”可知，使用正交透视法创造空间感的是Jan van Eyck。故选C。 B Bill Sumiel was having a tough Friday. It was October 2020,and the 71-year-old,who was dealing with kidney failure and had been on dialysis (透析) for a few years, found himself away from home. He’d been diagnosed with diabetes (糖尿病) over 20 years before, which led to his kidney problems. He was on the transplant list, but no matches had yet appeared. So he continued with his treatments periodically. Without a ride lined up for Friday’s do-over, Sumiel took Ubers to and from his appointment. Timothy Letts, 31, was driving to visit a friend when his phone received the request for Sumiel’s ride home. When Sumiel got into his car, Letts could see that the older man was unenergetic but in good spirits. And as they set out to Sumiel’s home, the pair got to chatting. During conversation, Sumiel revealed that he was searching for a kidney donor. Letts joked that he’d be a good donor candidate, given that he didn’t drink or smoke. Sumiel agreed, though he didn’t think much of it. Letts, however, couldn’t stop thinking about it and it was always on his mind. So, Letts said: “I’d like to see if I could be a match to give you a kidney.” “I was shocked,” Sumiel recalls. He was shaking so hard that he could barely write his name when they exchanged contact information After the initial excitement, Sumiel started feeling less optimistic. He was touched by Letts’s offer, but he wondered if it had just been an emotional moment. Would he hear from him? And what was the likelihood of a match? But Letts was true to his word. He got in touch with Sumiel just a few hours later, and by the next week, Letts had contacted the kidney transplant program. After a series of testing, the results were in: Letts was an ideal donor, and he and Sumiel were a perfect match. In December 2021,14 months after their chance encounter, Sumiel and Letts had their surgeries. It was a success. Today they live respectively and healthily and anticipate the day they can reunite. 24. Why did Sumiel start feeling less optimistic after excitement? A. He questioned the sincerity of Letts’ offer. B. He worried about the risks of the surgery. C. He believed Letts would forget his offer. D. He doubted if Letts was fit for donation. 25. What kind of person is Letts based on this text? A. Sympathetic and wise. B. Reliable and helpful. C. Responsible and Sensitive. D. Trustworthy and humble. 26. What is the best title for the text? A. A Fortunate Driver. B. A Kidney Transplant. C. A Successful Surgery. D. A Ride for a Lifetime. 【答案】24. A 25. B 26. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是一位71岁的肾衰竭患者Bill Sumiel，在乘坐网约车时司机Timothy Letts得知他需要肾移植后，自愿成为捐赠者，最后肾移植手术成功，两人各自健康地生活着的故事。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“After the initial excitement, Sumiel started feeling less optimistic. He was touched by Letts’s offer, but he wondered if it had just been an emotional moment. Would he hear from him? And what was the likelihood of a match? (在最初的兴奋之后，Sumiel开始觉得不那么乐观了。他被Letts的提议感动了，但他想知道这是否只是一个情绪化的时刻。他会收到他的信吗？匹配的可能性有多大？)”)可知，Sumiel想知道这是否只是一个情绪化的时刻。他会收到他的信吗？匹配的可能性有多大？由此可知，Sumiel感到不乐观的原因是他质疑Letts提议的真诚度，不确定Letts是否会真的做这件事情。故选A项。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Sumiel agreed, though he didn’t think much of it. Letts, however, couldn’t stop thinking about it and it was always on his mind. So, Letts said: “I’d like to see if I could be a match to give you a kidney.” (Sumiel同意了，但他并没有多想。然而，Letts无法停止对这件事的思考，这件事一直萦绕在他的脑海里。所以，Letts说：“我想看看我是否能成为一个匹配者，给你一个肾脏。”)””和倒数第二段“But Letts was true to his word. He got in touch with Sumiel just a few hours later, and by the next week, Letts had contacted the kidney transplant program. After a series of testing, the results were in: Letts was an ideal donor, and he and Sumiel were a perfect match. (但莱茨信守了自己的诺言。几个小时后，莱茨就联系上了苏米尔，到下个星期，莱茨就联系了肾脏移植项目。经过一系列的测试，结果出来了：莱茨是一个理想的捐赠者，他和苏米尔是完美的一对。)”可知，Letts不仅在初次听到Sumiel需要肾脏捐赠时就认真考虑，并且在之后主动联系Sumiel，进行了匹配测试，最后成功捐赠了自己的肾脏，这显示了他既可靠又乐于助人的品质。故选B项。 【26题详解】 主旨大意题。根据首段“Bill Sumiel was having a tough Friday. It was October 2020, and the 71-year-old,who was dealing with kidney failure and had been on dialysis (透析) for a few years, found himself away from home.(比尔·苏米尔度过了一个艰难的星期五。那是2020年10月，这位71岁的老人患有肾衰竭，已经做了几年透析，他发现自己离开了家。)”可知，71岁的Bill Sumiel患有肾衰竭，做透析好几年了，在2020年10月渡过了一个艰难的星期五，他发现自己离开了家，结合下文中介绍的Sumiel乘坐网约车，司机Timothy Letts了解了他的情况后同意给他捐献肾脏，并在最后肾移植手术成功的故事，这个故事始于一次乘车经历，最终改变了两个人的生活，所以标题“一生的旅程”最能概括文章主题，既体现了这次乘车的偶然性，也寓意了这次相遇给双方生活带来的深刻影响。故选D项。 C Humans’ overconsumption of resources is a leading contributor to global climate change, says University of Arizona researcher Sabrina Helm. Therefore, it’s increasingly important to understand the choices consumers make and how those decisions affect the health of a planet with limited resources. In a new study, published in the journal Young Consumers, Helm and her colleagues explore how materialistic values influence pro-environmental behaviors in millennials, who are now the nation’s most influential group of consumers. The researchers focused on two main categories of pro-environmental behaviors: reduced consumption, which includes actions like repairing instead of replacing older items; and “green buying,” or purchasing products designed to limit environmental impacts. The researchers also looked at how engaging in pro-environmental behaviors affects consumer well-being. More materialistic participants, the researchers found, were unlikely to engage in reduced consumption. However, materialism did not seem to have an effect on their likelihood of practicing “green buying.” That’s probably because “green buying,” unlike reduced consumption, still offers a way for materialists to fulfill their desire to get new items, Helm said. Study participants who reported having fewer materialistic values were much more likely to engage in reduced consumption. Consuming less was, in turn, linked to higher personal well-being and lower psychological suffering. Green buying—which may have some positive environmental effects, although to a smaller degree than reduced consumption—was not found to improve consumer well-being, Helm said. The take-home message for consumers: “The key is to reduce consumption and not just buy green stuff. Having less and buying less can actually make us more satisfied and happier” Helm said. “If you have a lot of stuff, you have a lot on your mind,” she said. “For example, it requires maintenance and there’s a lot of burdens of ownership, and if you relieve yourself of that burden of ownership, most people report feeling a lot better and freer.” Helm and her colleagues additionally looked at how materialism affects millennial consumers’ proactive financial behaviors, such as budgeting and saving. Examining financial behaviors alongside pro-environmental behaviors provides a picture of how young adults proactively deal with resource limitations in two contexts: environmental and financial, Helm said. As expected, Helm and her colleagues found that those who reported having more materialistic values engaged in fewer proactive financial behaviors than their less materialistic counterparts (对应的人). The researchers also found that, consistent with previous studies, proactive financial behaviors were associated with better personal well-being, life satisfaction and financial satisfaction, as well as lower psychological suffering. Understanding how materialistic values impact consumer behaviors, and how those behaviors in turn affect personal and environmental well-being, is important, Helm said. However, she acknowledges that for many consumers, shifting behaviors to be more financially proactive and consume less will be challenging. 27. What do we know about pro-environmental behaviors? A. They are a cause of climate change. B. They lead to a more satisfying life. C. They vary in different age groups. D. They are affected by materialism. 28. It can be learned from Helm’s study that ________. A. ownership of green products brings a sense of happiness B. materialists prefer practicing green buying to buying less C. green buying helps control people’s desire to buy new items D. buying less and green buying have similar effects on people 29. According to the study, which of the following can improve one’s well-being? A. Replacing older items. B. Developing new resources. C. Buying greener products. D. Being careful with expenses. 30. What is Helm probably going to explain in the next paragraph? A. When people develop proactive financial behaviors. B. Which financial behaviors lead to mental well-being. C. Why it is hard to change people’s financial behaviors. D. How materialistic values influence financial behaviors. 【答案】27. D 28. B 29. D 30. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文，说明了物质主义消费观对环保行为的影响以及与个体幸福感之间的关系。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一自然段中“Helm and her colleagues explore how materialistic values influence pro-environmental behaviors in millennials,...”（Helm和她的同事探索了物质主义价值观如何影响千禧一代的环保行为，……）可知，materialistic values即materialism对pro-environmental behaviors有影响。故选D项。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三自然段中“More materialistic participants,…, were unlikely to engage in reduced consumption. However, materialism did not seem to have an effect on their likelihood of practicing “green buying.””（更崇尚物质的参与者不太可能减少消费。然而，物质主义似乎对他们进行“绿色购买”的可能性没有影响。）可知，物质主义者不太可能减少消费，但他们愿意 “绿色购买”。故选B项。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四自然段中“Consuming less was, in turn, linked to higher personal well-being and lower psychological suffering.”（反之，消费越少，个人幸福感越高，心理痛苦越少。）可知不崇尚物质，消费少的个体幸福感更高，因此“Being careful with expenses”也就是精打细算的人更幸福。故选D项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。在末段尾句“However, she acknowledges that for many consumers, shifting behaviors to be more financially proactive and consume less will be challenging.”（不过，她也承认，对许多消费者来说，改变消费行为，在财务上更加主动，减少消费将是一个挑战。）中作者说改变消费行为很难，按逻辑推理可知下一段中会解释为什么难。故选C项。 D Who cares if people think wrongly that the internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes? It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people’s opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources. The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so “yesterday” that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in “post-industrial society” has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业), with negative consequences for their economies. Even more worryingly, the fascination with the internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the “digital divide” between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people’s lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money. In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a “borderless world”. As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results. Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions. 31. Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to ________. A. a lack of confidence in technology B. a slow progress in technology C. a conflict of public opinions D. a waste of limited resources 32. The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should ________. A. take people’s essential needs into account B. make their programmes attractive to people C. ensure that each child gets financial support D. provide more affordable internet facilities 33. What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations? A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances. B. Believing that the world has become borderless. C. Ignoring the power of economic development. D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication. 34. What can we learn from the passage? A. People should be encouraged to make more donations. B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays. C Making right career choices is crucial to personal success. D. Economic policies should follow technological trends. 【答案】31. D 32. A 33. B 34. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了对信息技术的过分迷恋会对国家，对个人，对慈善事业造成不利的影响。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.可知，对信息技术的错误判断会导致有限资源的错误使用，也就是资源的浪费，故选D。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people’s lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.可知，与其给那些贫困地区孩子笔记本电脑或者建网络中心，还不如给钱打井，铺电网或者生产他们买得起的洗衣机，这些东西更能改善他们的生活。作者不是说这些东西一定更重要，但是很多捐赠者没有仔细考虑捐赠的东西的长期成本，因此作者建议捐赠者要考虑接受捐赠的人的实际情况，而不是一味地追求信息化，故选A。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，对新东西的迷恋让人们认为如今通讯技术和交通的变革让我们生活在一个无国界的世界，正是认为我们生活在这样一个世界，很多政府取消了关于跨国界的资本、劳动力以及商品流动的法律法规，故选B。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.可知，对互联网呈现的通讯技术变革的迷恋让很多富裕国家做出一个错误的结论，他们认为制造产品已经过时了，他们应该靠创意生活，因而忽略了制造业，从而对经济造成不利影响，故推知传统的技术依然有它的地位，新兴的信息技术不能取代它们，故选B。 第二节 七选五（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 It has been suspected that whale sharks, the biggest fish in the sea, are long-lived, and now this has been confirmed using a carbon dating technique. ___35___ Steven Campana is a researcher from the University of Iceland in Reykjavik. ___36___ It makes a big difference whether they are fast-growing and short-lived, or slow-growing and long-lived. ___37___ They don’t have the bony structures in their ears that are used to work out the age of most fish. Instead, sharks’ age can be measured based on growth rings in their cartilaginous vertebrae (软骨椎骨), and these growth rings form at different rates in different species. Two decades ago, Campana’s team showed that growth-ring-based age could be checked by looking at levels of the carbon-14 isotope (同位素) in the rings. ___38___ For instance, it was thought that great white sharks lived only 12 to 15 years, but recent studies have shown individuals as old as 73. Now the carbon-14 technique has been applied to the preserved remains of two adult whale sharks. It shows that one of these whales was at least 50 years old. ___39___ In 2016, a study using the same method reported that Greenland sharks are the longest living vertebrates (脊椎动物) possibly living as long as 500 years. Campana is doubtful about such extreme life span, but it is clear that they can live more than a century. A. Other individuals may live even longer. B. But working out how long sharks live is difficult. C. A lot of animals including sharks can live for decades. D. The sharks are now able to survive in low oxygen environments. E. In his opinion knowing how long animals live is important for conservation. F. It turns out that these animals live for at least 50 years and probably far longer. G. This technique has proved that the age of many sharks has been guessed wrong. 【答案】35. F 36. E 37. B 38. G 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是碳年代测定技术的运用，证实了鲸鲨是海洋中最大的鱼类，且寿命很长。 【35题详解】 根据空前的“It has been suspected that whale sharks, the biggest fish in the sea, are long-lived, and now this has been confirmed using a carbon dating technique.(人们一直怀疑海洋中最大的鱼类鲸鲨寿命很长，现在这一点已经通过碳年代测定技术得到了证实。)”可知，现在已经通过碳年代测定技术证实了海洋中最大的鱼类鲸鲨寿命很长，F选项“It turns out that these animals live for at least 50 years and probably far longer.(事实证明，这些动物至少能活50年，甚至更长。)”中的at least 50 years and probably far longer与空前的long-lived相关，选项中的turns out是对空前的confirmed的进一步说明，符合语境。故选F项。 【36题详解】 根据空前的“Steven Campana is a researcher from the University of Iceland in Reykjavik.(史蒂文·坎帕纳是冰岛大学雷克雅未克分校的研究人员。)”可知，此处介绍了研究人员Steven Campana的情况，结合空后的“It makes a big difference whether they are fast-growing and short-lived, or slow-growing and long-lived.(它们是快速生长但寿命短，还是缓慢生长但寿命长，这有很大的区别。)”可知，此处是介绍了Steven Campana对了解动物寿命的看法，由此可知，此空应为Steven Campana的对了解动物寿命的见解和看法，E选项“In his opinion, knowing how long animals live is important for conservation.(在他看来，了解动物的寿命对保护是很重要的。)”中的In his opinion衔接上下文， 其中的he代指Steven Campana。故选E项。 【37题详解】 此处为本段的主题句，根据空后的“They don’t have the bony structures in their ears that are used to work out the age of most fish. Instead, sharks’ age can be measured based on growth rings in their cartilaginous vertebrae (软骨椎骨), and these growth rings form at different rates in different species.(它们耳朵里没有用来计算大多数鱼年龄的骨骼结构。相反，鲨鱼的年龄可以根据其软骨椎骨的生长环来测量，这些生长环在不同物种中以不同的速度形成。)”可知，此处描述的是鲨鱼的耳朵里的骨骼结构不是用来计算鱼年龄的，而是根据其软骨椎骨的生长环来测量，所以此处的they应该指的是鲨鱼，B选项“But working out how long sharks live is difficult.(但是计算鲨鱼的寿命是很困难的。)”介绍的内容与计算鲨鱼的年龄相关，age和how long sharks live是关联词。故选B项。 【38题详解】 根据空前的“Two decades ago, Campana’s team showed that growth-ring-based age could be checked by looking at levels of the carbon-14 isotope (同位素) in the rings.(20年前，坎帕纳的研究小组表明，可以通过观察环中碳-14同位素的水平来检查基于生长环的年龄。)”可知，以前通过观察环中碳-14同位素的水平来检查基于生长环的年龄，结合空后的“For instance, it was though it that great white sharks lived only 12 to 15 years, but recent studies have shown individuals as old as 73.(例如，人们认为大白鲨的寿命只有12到15岁，但最近的研究表明，大白鲨个体的寿命可达73岁。)”可知，此处举例说明通过观察环中碳-14同位素的水平来检查基于生长环的年龄是错误的，G选项“This technique has proved that the age of many sharks has been guessed wrong.(这项技术已经证明许多鲨鱼的年龄被猜错了。)”中的This technique指的是空前的“通过观察环中碳-14同位素的水平来检查基于生长环的年龄”，且与空后所列举的内容吻合。故选G项。 【39题详解】 根据空前的“Now the carbon-14 technique has been applied to the preserved remains of two adult whale sharks. It shows that one of these whales was at least 50 years old.(现在，碳-14技术已被应用于保存下来的两条成年鲸鲨的遗骸上。这表明其中一头鲸鱼至少有50岁。)”可知，碳-14技术表明其中一头鲸鱼至少有50岁，A选项“Other individuals may live even longer.(其他的可能活得更长)”中的“Other individuals”与空前的“one of these whales”相关联，且even longer与空前的“at least 50 years old”衔接。故选A项。 第三部分：书面表达（共三节，32分） 第一节 阅读与表达 （共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Teenagers are learning new communication skills every day. It is important for them to have opportunities to network, or to meet and get to know new people. Online networking, which is very popular with teens today, makes short, superficial connections. But offline networking better encourages meaningful connections that will increase hope, develop skills, and open avenues to career opportunity. Teens need to practice more offline networking. It will prepare them to be confident face-to-face communicators in the real world. A survey of almost 7,000 teens was conducted in 2019 by three Swiss researchers, and they found that teens were spending too much time on social networking sites. So, they suggested that teens should spend more time with others in real life. It not only contributes to a stronger sense of identity and a happier mood, but also gives us the chance to share happiness with other people. In other words, offline networking seems to actually benefit a teen’s emotional health. Face-to-face communication also gives teens an opportunity to learn to read people. Everyone communicates in person differently than communicating over the phone, through texting, or in online posts. Being face-to-face requires a person to think and respond more quickly—without the safety net of a delete key. And much of our communication is nonverbal anyway. Facial expressions, gestures, and vocal tones are just a few examples. Teens need to have face-to-face interactions so they can learn to read these nonverbal cues(暗示), which are sometimes even more important than the words a person is saying. A time will come when the teen will need to enter the job market, and this usually means a face-to-face interaction, including interacting naturally with customers, hearing and understanding their words as well as their nonverbal cues in many different kinds of businesses. Offline networking is important because it can improve a teenager’s well-being and help prepare him for the future. That’s why every teen should spend time practicing real-world interactions. 40. What is the disadvantage of online networking? 41. What was the researchers’ suggestion to teens? 42. Read the following statement, underline the false part of it and explain the reason. Hearing and understanding what a person is saying is necessarily involved in communication, so people get less from nonverbal expressions. 43. Please present what you can do to make effective face-to-face communication in your daily life. (about 40 words) 【答案】40. Online networking makes short, superficial connections, which is not helpful in real life. 41. They suggested that teens should spend more time with others in real life. 42. Hearing and understanding what a person is saying is necessarily involved in communication, so people get less from nonverbal expressions. According to the text"And much of our communication is nonverbal anyway. Facial expressions, gestures, and vocal tones are just a few examples. Teens need to have face-to-face interactions so they can learn to read these nonverbal cues(暗示), which are sometimes even more important than the words a person is saying." , we know that the nonverbal expressions are more imprtant than the words. 43. First of all, we should know ourselves well, such as the talent and hobbies. Then, we should take part in some relevant activities which are suitable for us. And from these experience, we can make friends and improve our ability to face-to-face communication. 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了线下人与人之间面对面的交流对于青少年的重要性。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Online networking, which is very popular with teens today, makes short, superficial connections. ”可知，如今，网络社交在青少年中非常流行，它只建立了短暂而肤浅的联系。故答案为Online networking makes short, superficial connections, which is not helpful in real life. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“So, they suggested that teens should spend more time with others in real life. ”可知，因此，他们建议青少年应该花更多的时间在现实生活中与他人相处。故答案为They suggested that teens should spend more time with others in real life. 【42题详解】 考查推理判断。根据第四段中“And much of our communication is nonverbal anyway. Facial expressions, gestures, and vocal tones are just a few examples. Teens need to have face-to-face interactions so they can learn to read these nonverbal cues(暗示), which are sometimes even more important than the words a person is saying.”可知，我们的很多交流都是非语言的，比如面部表情、手势和语调。青少年需要面对面的交流,这样他们就可以学习阅读这些非语言的暗示(暗示),有时甚至比这个人说的话更重要。故答案为Hearing and understanding what a person is saying is necessarily involved in communication, so people get less from nonverbal expressions.According to the text"And much of our communication is nonverbal anyway. Facial expressions, gestures, and vocal tones are just a few examples. Teens need to have face-to-face interactions so they can learn to read these nonverbal cues(暗示), which are sometimes even more important than the words a person is saying." , we know that the nonverbal expressions are more imprtant than the words. 【43题详解】 考查生活常识。本篇文章主要内容讲述了现实生活中面对面的沟通，可以锻炼青少年的各种能力，对将来的就业和生活都有好处。因此从这个角度出发，青少年平时应该增加线下交流的方式，参考方法如下：首先要了解自己擅长和喜欢什么领域，然后多参加相关的活动，多交该领域的朋友，从而锻炼自己的沟通能力。故答案为First of all, we should know ourselves well, such as the talent and hobbies. Then, we should take part in some relevant activities which are suitable for us. And from these experience, we can make friends and improve our ability to face-to-face communication. 第二节 应用文写作（共1小题；共20分） 44. 假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim发邮件告诉你，最近他参加一次学校电视主持人的面试，但是失败了，心情很沮丧。请你给Jim回信，内容包括： 1. 给与安慰和鼓励； 2. 提出一些建议。 注意：1. 词数不少于50； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 提示词：电视主持人 TV host ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Jim, I am sorry to hear that you are deeply depressed recently due to failing in the employment interview of the school TV host. I can understand how you are feeling now. It is rather disappointing to fail in an important interview, which you were devoted to. But one failure doesn’t mean that you are not excellent. Actually, you are always an intelligent boy. In your letter, I can’t make out what possibility made this failure. But if I were you, I would reflect on the whole process of the interview and I would learn a lot from it. I’m sure you will be more experienced next time. I hope you will be happy soon. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给因参加学校电视主持人面试失败而心情沮丧的英国朋友Jim回信，给与安慰和鼓励并提出一些建议。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 因为：due to→because of 事实上：actually→in fact 确定，确信：sure→certain 高兴的：happy→delighted 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I am sorry to hear that you are deeply depressed recently due to failing in the employment interview of the school TV host.  拓展句：I am sorry to hear that you are deeply depressed recently because you failed in the employment interview of the school TV host. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I am sorry to hear that you are deeply depressed recently due to failing in the employment interview of the school TV host. (运用that引导的宾语从句以及动名词短语作宾语) 【高分句型2】 It is rather disappointing to fail in an important interview, which you were devoted to. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$