专题05 阅读理解说明文&议论文-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年九年级英语上学期期中真题分类汇编（北京专用）

专题05 阅读理解说明文&议论文 北京市海淀区2023-2024学年度第一学期期中九年级英语 C Summer 2023 has beaten heat records worldwide. On July 6, the average worldwide temperature reached the highest on record. Scientists are still trying to work out all the reasons for this summer's historic heat. But one thing is certain: it has a lot to do with human—caused climate(气候) change. Much of this summer's heat is probably related to Earth's oceans, experts say. Oceans worldwide have been warming for decades (十年), largely because of the greenhouse gases produced by humans. The wann oceans can't take in as much heat from the atmosphere (大气层). This leaves more heat in the air, leading to warmer summer weather. El Niio may also have helped turn up the heat this summer. El Nifio happens naturally every several years. It warms the waters of the tropical (热带的) Pacific. But Earth's new period of El Niio only began in June and won't be at its strongest for months. So it's too early to say how much El Niio has added to the hot weather this summer, researchers say. Another possible reason for the high temperatures is the heat waves. Heat waves happen when powerful winds flow more slowly through Earth's atmosphere. This can cause hot pockets of air to stay over the same places for days or weeks at a time. One recent study showed that human—caused climate change is making heat waves more common and more serious. Researchers made computer models of the world with and without climate change. Then, they compared how often heat waves would happen in each case. The models showed that heat waves are now expected about once every ten years in Europe and North America, but they would be almost impossible without climate change. It's too early to work out the cost of all that unusual weather. But hundreds of deaths have been reported around the world. And the great need for air conditioning has heightened people's worry about power shortages. Those problems will only become more serious as climate change creates more hot summers like this one. 39．Oceans worldwide have been warming for decades largely because of ________. A．the new period of El Nino B．human-produced greenhouse gases C．the strong waves of the tropical Pacific D．powerful winds through Earth’s atmosphere 40．What can we learn from the passage? A．Scientists have found a way to deal with climate change. B．The hot weather in July was mainly caused by El Nino. C．Climate change may lead to stronger heat waves. D．People are well-prepared for hotter summers. 41．What is the passage mainly about? A．Worries about the greenhouse effect. B．Reasons behind the heat this summer. C．Influences of the hot weather this summer. D．Ways for scientists to study climate change. D When someone has a sharply different viewpoint from our own, we naturally choose two common ways, either avoiding a conversation with that person or trying to convince(说服)them that they are wrong. Research shows there is another way: using receptive (接纳性的) language, showing that we are truly interested in a new point of view. Many of us try to avoid disputed (有争议的) discussions. We prefer to talk with someone with similar opinions. This happens because we usually think that talking to someone who has disagreements will be more unpleasant than it actually is. When we do have to talk with people holding different views, we typically try to convince them to give up their belief because we think we are right and try to "win" the argument. And the other side is likely to think the same way, which leads to even more difficult problems to work through. A more effective method is being conversationally receptive. Research shows that when we appear receptive to others' different views, our arguments sound more convincing. Receptive language can also make those with whom we disagree more receptive in return. It makes us more likable, and others more interested in partnering with us. Researchers suggested three tips that can help us improve conversational receptiveness in even the most heated disagreements. Recognize (承认) the other person's point of view. Say "I understand that ..." or "I believe what you're saying is ... to show that you take an active part in the conversation and find value and even trust in their points. Hedge your statements. When we talk, we usually hold the opinion that we should be strong and confident and express our views in a direct, forceful way. But if we show that we are not so sure about our belief, our views will be likely to be better received. Express your arguments in an acceptable way. You might say, "Let's consider the possible benefits of having fewer people working on the project" rather than "We should not add more people to the project." The second sentence sounds unpleasant, showing that the speaker is not open to the possibility of further discussion. By following these tips in our communication, we'll be more likely to have an effective conversation and bridge the differences. 42．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Why people use two common ways when facing disagreements. B．How people communicate to deal with difficult problems. C．How people convince others to give up their belief. D．Why people dislike those with different opinions. 43．According to the passage, being conversationally receptive can lead to _________. A．productive communication B．creative statements C．increased confidence D．divided opinions 44．The words “hedge your statements” in Paragraph 6 probably mean “_________”. A．explain your reasons clearly B．raise your questions politely C．voice your ideas less forcefully D．express your excuses more directly 45．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To stress the importance of productive communication. B．To introduce a better way to deal with disagreements. C．To explain the reasons for using receptive language. D．To provide three effective tips to win an argument. 北京市东城区二中教育集团2023-2024学年九年级上学期期中 C Self-control is a skill that children need to succeed in school, socially and emotionally. The development of self-control begins at birth and continues throughout our lives. As babies, we have little or no control over our behaviors and emotions, but as we get older, with the help of parents or caregivers, we learn how to take turns, how to pay attention in class, stick to a challenging task, and restrain(制止) from hitting another child. These abilities continue to develop in our childhood and then youthhood. Also, it is clear that being impulsive(易冲动的) can have bad effects on children, causing interpersonal problems, poor physical health, and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, by learning self-control, children can make right decisions and respond to situations in positive ways. One of the effective strategies, when helping children develop self-control abilities, is to select developmentally proper tasks. Try setting up simple goals first, where success is expected, before moving onto the next goal. For preschoolers, goals might include not interrupting or not fighting on the playground. For early elementary school students, right goals might be following bedtime rules. However, it’s not enough to set up simple goals, because for children of the same age, there are still some differences in the development of self-control abilities. Some general strategies often help them learn right self-control behaviors. •Take a break Encourage children to take a break or “time in” whenever they feel down, annoyed or angry. Stepping away from an upsetting situation can help a child calm down. •Teach and provide attention Paying attention is a skill that can be taught. Encourage children to resist interrupting by learning to observe others without talking, so they can join in easily. Make sure to provide children with attention at times so they don’t feel ignored and therefore are unlikely to interrupt. •Use proper rewards(奖励) In order to develop positive behaviors, children need frequently positive feedback. Praise and consistent feedback can be highly rewarding for young children. It is important to let a child know what a desired behavior is. •Use activities designed to teach self-regulation(自我管理) Using specific activities can help teach young children skills that improve self-control. Some of these skills include dealing with “wanting something I can’t have”, understanding feelings, and controlling anger. 27．What can we learn from Paragraph 1 ? A．As people get older, their attention will improve naturally. B．Being impulsive can often cause bad results in children’s grades. C．Children can learn how to control themselves with the help of parents. D．Self-control development begins at birth and keeps growing till youthhood. 28．What can teachers do when students feel very disappointed? A．Teach and provide attention. B．Give rewards and suggestions. C．Teach skills to regulate themselves. D．Encourage them to take a break. 29．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Time Waits for No Man — The Development of Self-Control B．Have Power over Your Mind — Tips on Developing Self-Control C．Prevention Is Better than Cure — Rules of Self-Control Behaviors D．Think Twice Before You Act — The Importance of Self-Control Skills D Think back to when you were in a classroom, and the teacher set a difficult problem. Which of the two following responses is closer to the way you reacted? A B Oh no, this is too hard for me. I’m not even going to seriously try and work it out. Ah, this is a little difficult but I like to have a try. Maybe I’ll learn something when trying. The psychologist (心理学家) Carol Dweck of Stanford University, did a test by giving some ten-year-old children problems that were a little hard for them. Group 1, who chose B, reacted positively, said they loved challenges and understood that their abilities could be developed. Professor Dweck says they had a “growth mindset (思维模式)”. And they cared more about what they can achieve in the future. However, group 2, who chose A, felt that their intelligence was being judged and they had failed. They had a “fixed mindset” and were unable to imagine improving. Some of these children said they might cheat in the future and look for someone who were worse than them, just to make themselves feel good. Professor Dweck believes that there is a problem in education. For years, teachers have praised children for their intelligence and talent. But this makes them get hurt easily from failure. They become performance-oriented (i. e. interested in getting high grades, not learning). The right way, according to Dweck, is to praise the process that children are involved in: making an effort, using learning strategies (策略) and improving. This way they will become mastery-oriented (i. e. interested in getting better at something) and will achieve more. Psychologists have been testing these theories. Students were taught that if they left their comfort zone and learned something new and difficult, they’d be more intelligent. These students made faster progress than a control group. In another study, children from an underperforming (不佳的) school had trainings on their growth mindset techniques for a year. The results were staggering. They came top in tests, beating children from much better schools. These children had previously felt that making an effort was a sign of stupidity, but they came to see it as the key to learning. So, back to our original question, if you answered B, well done—you already have a growth mindset. If A, don’t worry: everyone is able to become mastery-oriented with a little effort and self-awareness. 30．What can we learn from Carol’s test in Paragraph 2? ________ A．Group 2 cheated in the test. B．Group 1 had good imagination. C．Group 2 felt confident after the test. D．Group 1 liked challenging problems. 31．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? ________ A．Ways of training children. B．How to deal with challenges. C．Problems in today’s classroom. D．The right and wrong ways of praise. 32．The word “staggering” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________. A．Unbelievable B．Unchangeable C．Disappointing D．frightening 33．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? ________ A．Do you have the right mindset? B．Can you make the right choice? C．Are you using proper strategies? D．Are you really pushing yourself? 北京市回民学校2023-2024学年九年级上学期期中英语试题 C When you’re having a hard time with something, it’s natural to turn to others for help. Getting help sounds simple, but it’s not always easy to do. Sometimes certain beliefs or ways of thinking can make it hard to ask for help. Here are some kinds of attitudes that can stand in the way and ideas on how to get past them. Some people believe that needing help is a sign of weakness. Actually, it’s a sign of strength, not weakness. You know what you need and you shouldn’t be afraid to reach out for it. Once a boy told me he wanted to ask his coach how to improve his basketball skills, but he was afraid that his coach might think he shouldn’t be on the team. In fact, when he asked his coach for help, his coach thought he was practicing hard. Some other people think they don’t deserve(应该得到) help or support. Everyone needs help now and then. Accepting help can strengthen friendships and relationships. Everyone feels good when they can support a friend. For example, if you want to find out how Katy solves problems with her parents, you should ask Katy if she has time to talk and tell her how important her viewpoint is, instead of worrying that Katy is too busy to help you. When you ask for help, choose someone who listens and cares, not someone who judges or criticizes you. If you get refused, it's not because of you, but the other person. So tell yourself: If Katy says no, she might not be ready to talk about her own experiences. Another wrong attitude is waiting for someone else to make the first move. It’s not always easy for other people to see when you need help. Maybe you’re putting on a cheerful face to hide the problem. Don’t wait for someone to read your mind. You have to ask. Because it can be hard to reach out for help, don't hesitate(犹豫) to offer support to another person if you think he or she needs it. Giving and receiving help are great life skills to learn. They help us improve our abilities to understand other people. 27．In Paragraph 2, the boy was afraid to ask his coach for help because ________. A．his coach criticized him before B．his coach was too busy to help him C．he wasn’t practicing as hard as other players D．he thought it would show he was a weak player 28．What should you do if you need help? A．Be supportive to other people first. B．Be active to find a caring person to talk to. C．Try to make your friends notice what you need. D．Put on a happy face to avoid worrying other people. 29．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Asking for Help: Everyone’s Natural Ability B．Asking for Help: Getting Past Improper Attitudes C．Giving and Receiving Help: Great Skills to Learn D．Giving and Receiving Help: Strengthening Relationships D According to a recent report, about 18% of China’s Internet users are under 19 years old. And nearly 1/4 of them are students. While benefiting a lot from the Internet, such as education and communication, teenagers often face dangers and risks. To better protect them, the Chinese government last year launched(启动) a special system which has come to be known as the “Teenager Mode(模式).” Many live online video platforms(平台) are now using it, but how effective is it? “Teenager Mode” seems to be a firewall to protect teenage Internet users from overuse. Platforms have their own ways to do that, such as time limits and passwords. They can also prohibit rewarding, recharging(续费) and so on. Although there are some advantages, “Teenager Mode” still has its problems. For example, many parents complain that their children can still see something unsuitable on some platforms although they use “Teenager Mode”. And if teenagers get hold of the full password, they can enter and exit whenever they like. Experts say the system is still very new and it takes time and energy to improve it. “‘Teenager Mode’ doesn’t have the same standard yet. For platforms, they should make every effort to truly meet the requirements of the regulatory authorities (管理当局的要求),” said Wang Sixin, the president of Beijing Net Law Society. Others say “Teenager Mode” doesn’t really limit the time teenagers spend online. They can simply go from one app or platform to another till they use up the time limit on each. To improve it, first of all, the time spent on each app or platform needs to be shared. Second, in order to help parents control their children’s time spent online, the app or platform can trigger(触发) an alarm to warn the parents. In all, the system is an important first step to protect young people from the dangers and risks of the Internet, but more needs to be done. 30．According to the passage, “Teenager Mode” is launched to ________. A．keep teenagers far away from their computers B．show teenagers the benefits of the Internet C．stop teenagers from overusing the Internet D．protect teenagers from the dangers in their schools 31．The word “prohibit” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A．provide B．allow C．change D．stop 32．What can you learn from the passage? A．The “Teenager Mode” can only set passwords. B．The “Teenager Mode” still has some problems. C．Experts say the system will be improved soon. D．Teenagers’ online time can be reduced successfully. 33．What is the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To tell teenagers not to use the Internet. B．To point out the disadvantages of the Internet. C．To discuss the effects of the “Teenager Mode”. D．To encourage parents to use the “Teenager Mode”. 北京市汇文中学教育集团2023-2024学年九年级上学期期中考试英语试题 C Sometimes it seems that time is flying. Perhaps it doesn’t need to feel this way. Our experience of time can be possibly changed. By understanding the psychological (心理学的) processes behind our different experiences of time, we might be able to slow down time a little. One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we’re exposed(接触) to new environments and experiences. The law is caused by the relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds process. The more information our minds take in, the slower time seems to pass. It follows, then, that we have different experiences of time in different situations. In some situations, our life is full of new experiences. Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down. In other situations, we have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar(熟悉的). We become insensitive to our experience, which means we process less information, and time seems to speed up. How can we slow down time? Here are two suggestions. Firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible. We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information, hobbies and skills. This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand (增加) our experience of time. Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience-to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts. For example, on the way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with. Look at the sky, or at the buildings you pass, traveling among them. This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time-expanding effect. To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing. It’s possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience of time. 27．According to the writer, we can expand our experience of time by . A．going to bed on time B．traveling to new places C．having dinner as usual D．printing the same materials 28．What can we learn from the passage? A．Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information. B．Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly. C．We can take in more information by living through our senses. D．We should build a stronger relationship between time and us. 29．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Slow Down Time B．Only Time Will Tell C．Race Against Time D．Time Will Not Come Twice D Most environmental pollution comes from humans and their inventions. The electric bulbs are thought to be one of the greatest human inventions of all time. However, too much of a good thing has started to negatively impact the environment. Light pollution, the extreme or inappropriate use of outdoor artificial light, is affecting human health and wildlife behavior. There is a global movement to reduce light pollution, and everyone can help. Light pollution is a global issue. This became particularly obvious when the World Atlas (地图册) of Night Sky Brightness, a computer-generated map based on thousands of satellite photos, was published in 2016. Vast areas of North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia are glowing with light, while only Siberia, the Sahara, and the Amazon are in total darkness. Artificial light can wreak havoc on natural body rhythms in both humans and animals. It interrupts sleep and confuses the circadian rhythm (生理节奏) — the internal, twenty-four-hour clock that guides day and night activities and affects physiological processes in nearly all living organisms. One of these processes is the production of the hormone melatonin (褪黑素), which is released when it is dark and is prevented when there is light. An increased amount of light at night lowers melatonin production, which results in lack of sleep, headaches, stress, anxiety, and other health problems. Blue light, in particular, has been shown to reduce levels of melatonin in humans. It is found in cell phones and other computer devices, as well as in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), the kinds of bulbs that have become popular at home and in industrial and city lighting due to their low cost and energy efficiency. Studies show that light pollution is also impacting animal behaviors, such as migration (迁徙) patterns and habitat formation. Because of light pollution, sea turtles guided by moonlight during migration get confused, lose their way, and often die. Large numbers of insects, a primary food source for birds and other animals, are drawn to artificial light and are instantly killed upon contact with light sources. Even animals living under the deep sea may be affected by underwater artificial lighting. One study looked at how animals in sea responded to brightly lit panels put under water off the coast of Wales. Fewer filter feeding animals (滤食性动物), such as the sea squirt (海鞘), made their homes near the lighted panels. This could mean that the artificial light is altering ocean ecosystems. The good news is that light pollution, unlike many other forms of pollution, is reversible (可逆的) and each one of us can make a difference! Now, many people are taking action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky. Individuals are urged to use outdoor lighting only when and where it is needed, to make sure outdoor lights are properly shielded (遮挡) and direct light down instead of up into the sky, and to close window blinds, shades, and curtains at night to keep light inside. 30．What does the underlined phrase “wreak havoc on” in Para. 3 probably mean? A．Greatly improve. B．Well maintain. C．Strictly manage. D．Seriously damage. 31．According to the passage, which would the author agree with? A．Light pollution was first studied as a global issue in 2016. B．Deep-sea environment can help animals avoid light pollution. C．Artificial light affects the sense of direction and habits of animals. D．LEDs can be used more because of low cost and energy efficiency. 32．What is the author’s attitude towards the control of light pollution? A．Unconcerned. B．Negative. C．Neutral. D．Positive. 33．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To call on people to reduce light pollution. B．To discuss fors and againsts of artificial light. C．To give suggestions to protect environment. D．To show development prospect of artificial light. 北京市顺义区仁和中学2023-2024学年九年级上学期期中考试 Fluency in another language is a dream of a newcomer to another country. Besides, understanding the culture and learning to communicate comfortably with people of that culture are as important as learning the rules of the language. Language learning and culture learning go together and may take a long time. Sometimes people feel that they understand a culture after a few weeks or months. People do learn a lot when they first begin living in another culture, but this is only the first step of learning. It usually involves things like learning everyday activities and some basic customs. To really understand another culture, people have to go beyond the first step. This is a challenge because it is often difficult to know what to learn. Much of what we call"culture" is hard to see. Culture is like an iceberg. Imagine in your mind a huge iceberg in the ocean. The only part of the iceberg that you see is the top. You don't see the rest of the iceberg because it is hidden from sight in the water. It is easy to forget that it is there. Most of the iceberg is deep in the ocean, just as much of a culture is deep in the ocean, just as much of a culture is deep within its people. When you meet someone from another culture, certain culture differences are obvious: You hear another language or you hear your own language spoken with an accent. You see different foods, clothes and sometimes physical characteristics of people. You watch new customs or habits, such as the use of chopsticks, and, bowing or kissing on both cheeks as a greeting. These differences are interesting and important, but they are usually not too difficult to understand. They can be seen easily and quickly. The part of culture that is like the underwater part of the iceberg consists of assumptions (设想)， communication styles, values, and beliefs about what is right and wrong. The hidden part of culture influences much of a person’s way of thinking and communicating. It is the meaning behind his or her verbal and nonverbal language. Learning to communicate well with people from another culture involves understanding the hidden part of culture. 27．To really understand another culture, people should . A．learn the rules of language B．learn the hidden culture C．visit some local people D．live with some local people 28．Which of the following does the writer agree? A．Communication styles can be easily seen and learned B．Language learning is more important than culture learning C．Learning about culture is not easy and may take a long time D．People usually learn a culture after a few weeks or months. 29．The passage is mainly about  _____. A．learning about culture. B．learning about people C．the hidden part of the iceberg D．fluency in another language Social Media… the Highs and Lows Twenty years ago, the idea of sharing our lives so openly with the world was unheard of. However, for young people today it is considered completely normal to share pictures of their lives and interact online every day. Fans of social media point out that the world has never been so connected as it has allowed people to make friends, learn about the world and celebrate life. However, many people have concerns about the effects of this new way of living, particularly around the amount and type of information that is shared so openly. Now researchers have found that too much time on social media may indeed have some negative( 消极的 ) effects. They measured people’s attitudes and feelings before and after browsing social media sites. They found that the more time people spent on social media, the more unhappy they became. There are a number of reasons for this. When browsing social media, people often see photographs and stories showing beautiful holidays, fun parties and fashionable clothes. People seldom post negative stories or bad pictures, so it can be misleading. For those looking at these pictures and comparing them to their own lives, they can end up feeling sad and depressed. They might think their lives are worse in comparison. Even for those people who post positive(积极的) stories and pictures, they too can feel stressed and worried. The number of “likes” and comments on their posts can make them worried about their popularity. Of course, there is also the problem of “cyber bullying”(网络暴力 ) where people become victims of bullying online when others make negative or cruel comments(评论) about them. The reality is that social media is a part of modern life and it is not going to go away.  This research shows us that it is important to deal with the relationship between our online and offline lives properly. We don’t have to disconnect from the Internet to live a happy life, but we should realise that the pictures we see and stories we read are only part of a bigger picture. If we can do that, we can protect ourselves and enjoy our lives. 30．According to the passage, we know __________. A．spending more time on social media makes people more enjoyable B．researchers haven’t found anything negative about social media C．it is common for young people to share their lives online D．the world is not so connected like before 31．The words “have concerns about” in Paragraph 2 probably mean “__________”. A．feel worried about B．look forward to C．speak highly of D．get used to 32．The writer says that social media can make people unhappy because __________. A．different people make different comments B．there are many negative stories and bad pictures C．they compare positive pictures to their own lives D．the number of “likes” is larger than they expected 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To ask us to protect ourselves from “cyber bullying”. B．To advise us to keep away from the Internet to live a happy life. C．To remind us of posting positive stories and good pictures online. D．To tell us to keep a balance between our online and offline lives. 北京市陈经纶中学2023-2024学年九年级上学期期中英语试题 C When you’re having a hard time with something, it’s natural to turn to others for help. Getting help sounds simple, but it’s not always easy to do. Sometimes certain beliefs or ways of thinking can make it hard to ask for help. Here are some kinds of attitudes that can stand in the way and ideas on how to get past them. Some people believe that needing help is a sign of weakness. Actually, it’s a sign of strength, not weakness. You know what you need and you shouldn’t be afraid to reach out for it. Once a boy told me he wanted to ask his coach how to improve his basketball skills, but he was afraid that his coach might think he shouldn’t be on the team. In fact, when he asked his coach for help, his coach thought he was practicing hard. Some other people think they don’t deserve(应该得到) help or support. Everyone needs help now and then. Accepting help can strengthen friendships and relationships. Everyone feels good when they can support a friend. For example, if you want to find out how Katy solves problems with her parents, you should ask Katy if she has time to talk and tell her how important her viewpoint is, instead of worrying that Katy is too busy to help you. When you ask for help, choose someone who listens and cares, not someone who judges or criticizes you. If you get refused, it's not because of you, but the other person. So tell yourself: If Katy says no, she might not be ready to talk about her own experiences. Another wrong attitude is waiting for someone else to make the first move. It’s not always easy for other people to see when you need help. Maybe you’re putting on a cheerful face to hide the problem. Don’t wait for someone to read your mind. You have to ask. Because it can be hard to reach out for help, don't hesitate(犹豫) to offer support to another person if you think he or she needs it. Giving and receiving help are great life skills to learn. They help us improve our abilities to understand other people. 27．In Paragraph 2, the boy was afraid to ask his coach for help because ________. A．his coach criticized him before B．his coach was too busy to help him C．he wasn’t practicing as hard as other players D．he thought it would show he was a weak player 28．What should you do if you need help? A．Be supportive to other people first. B．Be active to find a caring person to talk to. C．Try to make your friends notice what you need. D．Put on a happy face to avoid worrying other people. 29．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Asking for Help: Everyone’s Natural Ability B．Asking for Help: Getting Past Improper Attitudes C．Giving and Receiving Help: Great Skills to Learn D．Giving and Receiving Help: Strengthening Relationships How GPS Weakens Memory — and What We Can Do about It Using mobile phones to navigate (导航) has become second nature. Whether you’re heading to a new park or meeting friends at a restaurant, you just enter the address on your phone and go. Without GPS, exploring (探索) and wayfinding in new places required preparation. We had to think, check paper maps, and plan and memorize ways there. But today there is no need to think. Simply follow the turn-by-turn directions on your phone, and you’ll end up where you need to be. However, your overall sense of the place suffers. Spatial (空间的) navigation used to be a process performed by the human brain and perceptual system, but now people have surrendered it to technology. There are areas of the brain that deal with these difficult pathfinding tasks. In particular, the hippocampus is related to spatial memory, spatial navigation and mental (在脑中的) mapping. Studies show that we can exercise the hippocampus memory through exploration and spatial navigation. For example, expert navigators like London taxi drivers have larger hippocampi compared to other people.   However, when we follow a set of turn-by-turn directions, GPS navigation apps treat us as passive passengers rather than active explorers. In turn, this stops us from being able to create proper mental maps, and has an effect on the hippocampus, which is very important for brain health. While improvements in technology clearly have many benefits, we must remain mindful that technology can influence the brain. Our question is: Can we find a way to still use GPS but reduce the harmful effects on memory?   The challenge is to create other forms of GPS navigation that will remain easy enough for the general public, and at the same time, enable people to improve their spatial sense. Our research finds that properly designed audio beacons (音频信标) offer a much more active form of GPS navigation. For example, with an audio beacon at a hospital, when we are two miles away from the hospital, we can hear a sound through our phone. In recent experiments, we discover that this type of sensory navigation through audio beacons does better than turn-by-turn navigation in the creation of mental maps. We believe these results, at least in part, come from people taking a more active role in their navigation.   GPS navigation using audio beacons offers a good example that helps humans connect more deeply with reality; perhaps instead of turning into mindless robots, we will be able to become more deeply involved with humanity, our local environment, and life itself. 30．GPS weakens people’s memory because it ______. A．records the places people have been to B．offers people more than one way to a place C．takes the place of thinking process in way finding D．fails to teach people how to prepare for exploring 31．The words “have surrendered it to” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______. A．have compared it to B．have given it up to C．have learned it from D．have taken it away from 32．London taxi drivers are mentioned in Paragraph 2 to show that ______. A．GPS is not widely used in London B．the hippocampus memory can be exercised C．hard-working drivers have larger hippocampi D．active explorers are better than passive passengers 33．What can we learn from the passage? A．Turn-by-turn GPS navigation helps create mental maps. B．Audio beacons technology will be replaced in the future. C．Users’ active role should be considered in navigation technology. D．GPS navigation apps have come a long way in helping with our memory. 北京市丰台区2023-2024学年九年级上学期期中英语试卷 C Eyes on Vision Two years ago, Azara Mason was having trouble seeing the board in class. An eye doctor told her she had myopia（近视）, or nearsightedness! People who are nearsighted have trouble seeing things that are far away. Azara now wears glasses when she needs them. The eye works like a camera. Light passes through a lens and is turned into images. The brain then helps us understand what they are. When people have healthy vision, their eyes focus（聚焦） light on the retina（视网膜）. When people are nearsighted, their eyes focus light in front of the retina. That makes objects that are far away look blurry. Dr Maria Liu is head of the Myopia Control Clinic at the University of California at Berkeley. She says a growing number of people have myopia, and kids are developing it at a younger age. Many studies show a rise in myopia. The National Eye Institute（NEI） found that nearsightedness among Americans grew 66% from 1971 to 2004. Experts say that by 2020, myopia could affect（影响） one third of the world’s population. Scientists link（联系） the rise in nearsightedness to an increase in near work, including computer and cell-phone use. Studies show that less time spent outdoors may also be adding to the increase. What can you do to take care of your eyes? Liu advises everyone to stay away from electronic devices（设备） and spend more time outdoors to keep eyes healthy. Screen-Free Week, from May 4 to 10, is a good time to do just that. Liu also tells patients to take a 15-minute break to look at things in the distance for every 45 minutes of near work. If you are worried about your vision, you should visit an eye-care professional. Liu often advises patients to use special contact lenses and eye drops. She says they can correct nearsightedness and slow it from progressing. Glasses and regular contact lenses improve vision but don’t have that extra benefit（益处）, she says. If you suffer（遭受） from myopia, your parents and doctor can best decide the treatment that is right for you. Azara’s mom is looking into options other than glasses. But for now, Azara continues to happily wear her glasses and clearly see the board. 27. The word “blurry” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”. A. large B. bright C. disordered D. unclear 28. What does Paragraph 6 mainly talk about? A. The treatments for myopia. B. The link between myopia and near work. C. The causes of increase in myopia. D. The electronics for studying myopia. 29. What can we learn from the passage? A. Using eyedrops can’t slow nearsightedness from progressing. B. The number of people who suffer from myopia is increasing. C. People’s eyes focus light behind the retina if they are nearsighted. D. Reading on electronic devices outdoors can help to keep eyes healthy. D Laughter Therapy（疗法） Laughter not only provides workout for your muscles（肌肉）, it also produces endorphins（内啡肽）which help to reduce stress（压力）. What’s more, your body can’t tell the difference between real and fake（假的）laughter. The happiness you feel when you laugh is a great way of fighting the physical effects（影响）of stress. When we laugh, our body relaxes and endorphins are released（释放）into the blood stream. A Laughter Therapist’s aim is to help you laugh more easily. It starts with a warm-up followed by a lot of activities designed to get you laughing. Laughter doesn’t come easily to everyone, but luckily, it’s a skill you can learn. So faking it has the same beneficial effect. Dr Lee Berk of Loma University Medical Centre, has been doing laughter therapy research since the late 1970s. In 1989 Berk studied the effects of laughter in ten healthy males. Five experimental subjects watched an hour-long comedy while five control subjects didn’t. Blood samples taken from the ten subjects showed that cortisol（皮质醇）, the hormone（荷尔蒙）our body releases when under stress, in the experimental subjects had reduced more rapidly than in the control group. Berk’s research has also shown the number of cells that fight viruses（病毒）increases through laughter. These same cells are blocked（阻碍）if the body suffers long-term stress. The therapeutic effects of laughter have been studied since the 1970s, but Dr Madan Kataria is the one who set up the first laughter club in 1995. There are now more than 5000 laughter clubs worldwide. Laughter therapy is suitable for everyone. Elderly groups, young people in care and mental（心理的）health patients are all thought to benefit especially from laughter therapy. If you’re undecided, remember this: children laugh about 400 times a day while adults manage only 15. A laughter therapy may make you feel excited and tired at the same time. Muscle tone and cardiovascular（心血管的）functions may be improved and oxygen levels in the blood may be increased. In the long term, laughter therapy teaches us that we don’t just have to laugh when we are happy. Laughing can actually improve your mood. And it’s contagious（传染的）, so you can expect to see those around you benefiting from a good laugh too. 30．Laughter can help to reduce stress because ________. A．it comes easily to everyone B．a lot of activities can make people laugh C．real and fake laughter can both produce endorphins D．real and fake laughter can both provide workout for muscles 31．What can we learn from the study mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．Laughter blocks the cells that fight viruses. B．Laughter can help people to reduce cortisol. C．Ten experimental subjects watched the comedy.D．Dr Madan Kataria studied the effects of laughter in 1989. 32．What can we know about “laughter therapy” from the passage? A．Laughter therapy is good for our physical and mental health. B．A laughter therapy can make us feel excited for a long time. C．Elderly people benefit the most from laughter therapy. D．Laughter therapy can help us make more friends. 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To explain why people like laughter therapy. B．To introduce the benefits of laughter therapy. C．To advise people to laugh as much as possible. D．To tell the difference between real and fake laughter. 2023北京大兴初三（上）期中 C Peer tutoring (同伴导师) is one of the most helpful tools to use during your school years. Sometimes you will not have all the answers and that you may need help from time to time. There is probably no better way to get some help than that from your classmates. Peer tutors are understanding, helpful, and especially honest enough to help you out through any difficulties that you could be experiencing. Expect active criticism (批评) This will probably be the most uncomfortable part. Tutors are strict with you not because they want to be mean and ruin your existence. They simply want you to be one of the best to your best ability. The only way for them to ensure this is to be completely honest with you. Accept that you are not perfect and that you will make mistakes. Feel lucky that your peer tutor is pointing out your mistakes and giving you a chance to repair them before your teacher has a chance to fix your grades for them. Expect change You will have a changed view on your work and your method of completing it. Every tutor has a different learning style and teaching style that is unique to them, but it is up to you to use what they teach you to your best ability. If a tutor teaches you how to solve a math problem in a way that makes sense to you, but is also different from what you have learned in class, you will have to use that method because it works for you. If a tutor polishes your paper and advises you to use more active voice, you will find your work in the future to change completely. Like I mentioned, change is good. Embrace it! Expect discipline (纪律) (sometimes) Sometimes, we don’t want to push ourselves to work hard. We are human, it happens. It is nothing to be ashamed of. However, if a tutor notices that you have been slacking off (松弛), do not be surprised if they call you out on it. Your tutor wants you to use your ability to do the great things that they know you can do. Expect improvement Last but not least, expect to improve. Peer tutoring can be difficult and intimidating (令人胆怯的), but the goal is for you to improve as a student in a variety of areas. Once you practice what you have learned in the session, you will notice a great change in your grades and your learning ability. If you ask me, I think that is completely worthy of an A+. 27. According to the passage, we can know that peer tutors are ________. A. helpful and shy B. strict but patient C. understanding and honest D. creative but mean 28. What can we learn from the passage? A. Getting help from your teachers is the most important. B. A tutor’s active criticism means to be honest with you. C. We can learn the same thing in class and from the tutor. D. It’s a shame to be called out by the tutor when studying. 29. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To show us what peer tutoring is. B. To tell us how to change in our study. C To encourage us to make improvement. D. To help us benefit from peer touring. D Do we still need cash? The days of holding cash in our hands may be numbered. The progress of technology and the development of new electronic devices in the world change how we make payments. With a swipe (刷) of a card or a click of a mobile-phone app, our wealth goes easily at our fingertips. Happiness also arises. As digital forms are increasingly replacing cash payments, some think that we should become fully cash-free. However, I do not believe we should move towards a completely cash-free society. One of the main problems of a cashless world is the risk of being cheated and the inconvenience that follows. Lots of hacking incidents have warned us that the digital world is not completely safe. Technology experts argue that our present state of technology is unable to provide a safe cashless environment that could stop bad people from entering the system and abusing (滥用) the personal data. In addition, many online shopping sites don’t have strong safety systems that would protect their clients’ (客户) personal information. Occasionally, when an account (账户) is “locked” because of a wrong activity, having cash in hand becomes important. In a cashless society, a client would find himself locked out of his account and unable to get his money until the case is solved. Going cash-free causes great inconvenience in this case. Another reason we should not move towards becoming completely cashless is that humans might become less thrifty (节俭的). Many studies have suggested that using cash for shopping causes a psychological (心理的) pain, so people are more careful with their spending. However, payments without cash ease that psychological pain somewhat. In fact, it could make us much more reckless (草率的). Supporters of a cashless! society argue that cash-free transactions (交易) could reduce worries in society, thus benefiting the poor. However, despite this promise, we cannot choose to ignore (忽略) the fact that a large percentage of poor people in the developing world depend on cash to buy everyday goods such as rice and vegetables. It does not make economic sense to have these transactions on a network. When viewed in totally, being cashless may not be as beneficial to the poor as it is made out to be. The idea of society finally going completely cashless is a very real, even an exciting one. However, to safeguard the interests of all users, it is better to build a less-cash society rather than a completely cashless one. 30. You will most probably feel happier when you ________. A. buy your favorite shoes with cash in a store B. click you payment app on your mobile phone C. pay for your everyday goods such as rice and vegetables D. get more benefits from cash-free transactions with poor people 31. The underlined word “ease” in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to ________. A. increase B. interest C. reduce D. stop 32. The writer probably agrees that ________. A. cash-free provides people a more convenient environment B. the technology nowadays is safe enough for clients C. cashless society can stop people from abusing the data D. we should not move towards a completely cashless society 33. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? A. Is Cash-Free Society Coming? B. Is Cashless Society Really Free? C. The Benefits of Cash-Free Society. D. Cashless Society Brings us Convenience. 2023北京通州初三（上）期中 C Tips to Improve English Listening Skills As an English learner, is your English listening skill progressing well? If it is still posing a problem, maybe the following tips can give you some help. First of all, remember that you are not alone. Listening comprehension is probably the most difficult task for almost all leaners of English as a foreign language. The most important thing is to listen, and that means as often as possible. When you begin to listen, do not translate into your native language. When you translate into your native language, you are taking the focus of your attention away from the speaker and concentrating (集中注意力) on the translation process taking place in your brain. Translation leads to a mental (精神的) block in your brain. It sometimes doesn’t allow you to understand anything at all. Most of people repeat themselves. Think for a moment about your friends, family, and your teachers. When they speak in their native tongue, do they repeat themselves? If they are like most people, they probably do. That means that whenever you listen to someone speaking, it is very likely that they will repeat the information, giving you a second, third or even fourth chance to understand what has been said. Use key words or key phrases to help you understand the general (大致的) ideas. If you understand “New York”, “business trip”, “last year”, you can think that the person is speaking about a business trip to New York last year. This may seem obvious (明显的，显然的) to you, but remember that understanding the general idea will help you to understand the detail (细节) as the person continues to speak. Listen for context. Let’s imagine that your English speaking friend says, “I bought this great tuner at JR’s. It was really cheap and now I can finally listen to National Public Radiobroadcasts.” You don’t understand what a tuner is, and if you focus on the word “tuner” , you might become frustrated. If you think in context, you probably will begin to understand. For example, bought is the past of buy, listen is no problem and radio is obvious. Now you understand, he bought something—the tuner—to listen to the radio. A tuner must be a kind of radio. This is a simple example but it demonstrates what you need to focus on. Not the word that you don’t understand, but the words you do understand. 27. According to the passage, what is a possible way to understand the general ideas? A. To know the key information. B. To get more detailed information. C. To understand all the information. D. To remember the repetitive information. 28. What can we learn from the passage? A. Translating creates a road between the listener and the speaker. B. It is difficult to get the key information while listening to the materials. C. It is useless to make a prediction about the words people don’t understand. D. Saying what has been said again can help people understand the information. 29. The word “demonstrates” in Paragraph 6 probably means “__________” . A. creates continuously B. shows clearly C. keeps it a secret of D. studies carelessly on D When we think of communication, we usually think not of touch but of speech. This is because language itself happens primarily over the auditory (听力的，听觉的) channel. Since sound travels more than four times faster in water (1,480 meters per second) than in air (343 meters per second), it’s no surprise that a huge number of animals in the ocean also use sound as an efficient means of communication. The low-frequency sounds produced by larger whales can travel tens of thousands of miles underwater. Many species (物种) of fish use sound for communication. The ocean is full of animals using the auditory channel for communication, but this may be changing. Because of human-made noise, the ocean sounds very different than it did millions of years ago. In our searching for both understanding and having communication with ocean species, we have become our own worst enemy. Ship noise and wind farms, all these activities are creating the loud and unpleasant sound in the ocean. Too much noise makes it difficult for fish to avoid enemies or for whales to hear those low-frequency calls as they now must compete with the noise of shipping traffic. Jason Bruck and other researchers have focused their attention on the dolphins communication and the problem of ocean noise. They are looking at how even seemingly minimal (极小的) amounts of background noise might make it difficult not only for dolphins to communicate with each other but also to pay long enough attention to learning new skills. Paige Stevens is studying the ways in which noise affects dolphins to learn living abilities. Just as we see in humans, background noise may make it difficult for dolphins to focus on the task at hand. Stevens’ research could show that it’s getting so loud in the ocean that dolphins might be losing their abilities to think clearly enough to live a normal life. Humans feel a strong pull to communicate with ocean animals. And we have enough in common with most species in terms of (就……而言) shared communication channels to make this possible, even if it’s just a soft touch. It’s good to want to have communication with our favorite ocean species, but unless we find a way to turn down the volume, we won’t ever hear what they might want to tell us. 30. What do you know about the sound? A. Sound travels faster in air than in water. B. There is little loud sound in the deep ocean. C. Some ocean animals use sound to communicate. D. Human-made noise is good for some of the ocean animals. 31. Paige Stevens probably agrees that __________. A. animals like using language to communicate B. people make some ocean noise to study the animals C. people should stop communicating with ocean species D. the background noise can keep dolphins from living normally 32. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Living in the Ocean B. From the Ocean to the Land C. Animal Communication D. Communication in the Deep 33. What is the writer’s main purpose of writing this passage? A. To tell us some ways to talk to animals. B. To call on people to reduce noise in the ocean. C. To introduce the communication way between human and ocean species. D. To encourage people to do more researches on communication in the ocean. 2023- 2024 学年第一学期昌平区融合学区（第三组） 初三年级期中质量抽测 C New Technology: Carbon Capture（捕获） To reduce CO2 in the air, the European Union has set up strict regulations (法规) over the past few years, and most European car companies have begun to move to electric vehicle（交通工具） production under the new regulations. However, their efforts are far from enough. Planting trees can cut down CO2 in the air, but just doing this isn’t enough to deal with climate change. Now one way discussed widely is carbon capture. It refers to the technology that can protect the earth against climate change by cutting down CO2 in the air. Carbon capture technology is used to collect CO2 that is given off by factories. For example, it can be fitted to coal-burning power stations and factories to capture the CO2 before it is given off by factories. The captured CO2 can then be liquefied（液化） and stored underground. Besides, the technology can also be used to collect the CO2 that has already gone into the air. Then how can we deal with the CO2 we capture? Proper utilization is truly important. It can not only help create markets for this new technology, but also make it cheaper for companies to use. Nowadays, CO2 is used in greenhouses to grow vegetables. CO2 can even be used to make useful products, such as plastics, building materials, and plants. Carbon capture is considered to be quite helpful. However, there are many problems on the way. There’s 50 billion tons of carbon going out into the air from cars and factories every year. But even a great number of carbon capture machines now can capture only a few dozens of tons of it. The thickness of CO2, in the open air is about 300 times less than that in the power stations or factories, making it much less efficient to capture CO2. Because of this, carbon capture machines are very expensive today. So, it’s hard to make a real difference in fighting climate change now. But it will be improved quickly and will become cheaper and more efficient. It is like the mobile phones which were expensive and difficult to use 20 years ago. But now mobile phones have been greatly improved. 27. What can carbon capture technology be used for? A. Helping protect trees widely. B. Cutting down CO2 in the air. C. Studying the condition of the air. D. Checking signs of climate change. 28. What does the underlined word “utilization” refer to? A. Storing CO2 B. Collecting CO2 C. Using CO2 D. Producing CO2 29. What can we know from the passage? A. The market for CO2 products is growing fast. B. Carbon capture technology hasn’t been widely used. C. The cost of fixing the carbon capture machines is high. D. There is more CO2 in the open air than that in factories. D Success is a state of happiness or satisfaction with one’s achievements and qualities. It is freedom of time, freedom of money, and freedom of passion. This level of success makes you more productive for society and creates the ability to give back to the community. What’s interesting is that most successful people have very similar qualities. The more qualities you have in common, the higher your chances for being wildly successful. Those who have become successful have these qualities: ●Clear Aim Successful people know what they want clearly and they follow their own dream. It is this sense of direction that gives them the staying power to stick to their goals and achieve their dreams. ●Focused People who experience success know how to concentrate. They realize that they cannot do everything and they focus on the activities that will give them the highest return on the goals they want to achieve. They know that the fastest way to finish their to-do’s is doing them one at a time. ●Masters of Time Successful people are successful because they get a lot done. The only way to do that is by making the most out of the 24 hours we all get. Extraordinary people value their time and see the direct connection between how they spend their time and their energy. ●Confident This is what helps successful people take action. Like the chicken and the egg situation, in which you do not know which of two connected events is the cause of the other. Confidence helps you achieve your goals which in turn makes you more confident. A great way to be confident is remembering your past successes and overcoming your fear of failure. Signs of confidence include understanding that the first time you do something is always the hardest and then it will get easier. ●Self-Control Successful people rarely lose control. They don’t go into panics or blind anger. They have learned to control their emotions and put themselves in a resourceful state. They understand that they can’t change other people or what’s happening to them but they can change how they react to it and how they feel about it. Another sign of self-control is doing what you’re supposed to do despite how you feel about it. So where do you stand? I hope you have either made sure many of your own qualities or have created action plans to develop the qualities you are lacking. Focus on developing one or two qualities at a time. Once your beliefs and actions are lined with those of a successful person, you’ll be amazed by how successful you become. 30. According to the paragraph 1, the writer makes the term “success” clear to the reader by _________. A. sorting items B. giving suggestions C. giving explanations D. making a comparison 31. The writer takes the chicken and the egg as an example in Paragraph 5 to _________. A. stress the meaning and the importance of confidence B. explain the relationship between confidence and success C. prove the importance of confidence for successful people D. analyze the relation between achieving goals and success 32. The writer probably agrees that _________. A. successful people usually make full use of their time B. successful people can do many things at the same time C. Controlling other people’s emotions is an important skill D. The more dreams you have, the bright future you’ll have 33. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Master Your Success B. Qualities Matter a Lot C. Similar Qualities—Different Successes D Same Beliefs—More Likely to Succeed 北京市海淀区2022-2023学年九年级上学期期中考试英语试题 C From football to volleyball, “ball” is part of the sport’s name in many cases. However, if you watch an ice hockey game for the first time, you will probably notice that, unlike many sports, there’s no ball. In ice hockey, it’s all about the puck: the little round black object that flies around the ice. As two teams skate rapidly on the ice, they fight with sticks to get the puck into the net. They skate so fast and shoot the puck with such force that it’s almost impossible to keep track of it. Hockey pucks are flat and round. Made of black rubber, they are about 7.62 centimeters across and 2.54 centimeters thick. Each puck weighs about 170 grams. Have you ever seen a hockey puck up close? If so, you’ve probably noticed that there are raised patterns on the edge of the puck. A completely smooth puck would be hard to shoot. The raised patterns give the hockey stick something to hold onto when a player takes a shot. The hockey puck first appeared in 1875, though it’s unclear who actually invented it. Experts believe the first hockey puck was likely just a rubber ball cut in half. This provided players with an object with a flat side that would slide（滑行）across the ice. Today, hockey pucks are only made in four countries: Canada, Russia, China, and the Czech Republic. At large factories, workers mix rubber with a special material first. Next, they add carbon black to the mixture. Then, they pour the mixture into a mold（模具）and press it. After that, special logos can be added to each side through a step called silk screening. About 5,000 logoed pucks can be made in a week. Hockey pucks are really cool. They are kept frozen so that they slide on the ice and don’t bounce（弹跳）around. Once the players tie their ice skates, they’re off running after the puck, which can reach speeds of up to 160 kilometers per hour or more! 40. The expression “keep track of” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A. follow B. collect C. lead D. cross 41. What can we learn from the passage? ________ A. It takes four steps to produce a logoed puck. B. The first hockey puck was a round rubber ball. C. The pucks are kept frozen to bounce around the ice. D. Raised patterns make it hard for players to take shots. 42. Which of the following could be the best title of the passage? ________ A. Slide on the Ice with Pucks B. Get to Know All about Pucks C. Have Fun Playing Ice Hockey D. Take a Close Look at Ice Hockey D Close your eyes. Try to bring back a memory of taking an exam in your worst subject with your strictest teacher. Probably you remember looking at the paper, feeling you didn’t know any of the answers. Your heart was beating fast...Not surprisingly, you think of that experience as all bad, a long-lasting discomfort. But maybe it didn’t have to be that way. A paper in Nature reports that a one-time online mindset exercise（思维模式训练）improved the way young people thought about stressful events and their uncomfortable responses（反应）. The exercise is based on two mindsets: first, ability is not fixed but can be improved with effort and support; second, body responses to stress can be helpful. As students work through the exercise themselves, they read information about how the brain builds on experience and how the body uses stress——a fast-beating heart sends more blood to the brain to help you think. The exercise also suggests ways to succeed in stressful situations, and it asks students to write about what they might do differently next time. Researchers invited thousands of high school and college students to take the exercise. The findings show that this exercise appears to be able to change our understanding of the world around us and our responses to it. Compared with those who didn’t take the exercise, students who took part thought about stress differently, turning it into a way of energizing the motivation（激活动力）to achieve a goal. What’s more, the exercise changed their body responses for the better, preparing the body to respond to events as a challenge rather than a threat（威胁）. “Difficulty and struggle are your friends,” says Christopher Bryan, a social psychologist and one of the researchers. “Those experiences don’t feel good in the moment, but it’s the path anyone who became truly excellent at anything had to travel.” The exercise could be put into further use. It could be specially made for athletes or office workers in the future. Once it has been fully tested, the exercise could be ready for use in high schools and colleges nationwide. The researchers don’t just want young people to rethink about stress; they want adults to rethink about young people. “Our studies suggest that we might not teach young people that they are too weak to get over difficulties but that we might, instead, provide them with resources and guidance so that young people can show their skills and creativity in dealing with big problems,” they write in the paper. 43. According to Paragraph 2, the mindset exercise may help you ________. A. forget about your stressful moments B. find ways to slow down your heartbeat C. record what you have been through before D. understand how the brain builds on experience 44. What can we learn about the exercise? A. It is now helping teenagers nationwide. B. It is especially helpful to office workers. C. It aims to help teenagers get better grades. D. It can change students’ responses to events. 45. The writer would probably agree that ________. A. difficulties are part of growth for young people B. motivation plays the key role in achieving a goal C. teenagers are too weak to get through difficulties D. adults should show their skills and creativity first 46. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To question the influence of stress. B. To explain the importance of stress. C. To introduce a way to look at stress. D. To compare two mindsets about stress. 北京市北京师范大学附属实验中学2022-2023学年九年级上学期期中英语试题 C Reading Habits in Transition Most experts agree that the Internet has totally changed how we read, think, and remember things. However, whether this transition (转变) has had a good or bad effect is still unknown. There is proof that we are reading fewer books, especially non-fiction (纪实文学). Let’s say you need medical advice or cooking instructions. Who wants to buy a 300-page book when you can find a 300-word article on the Internet about the same subject? It’s easier to read, it’s free, and it’s a lot faster. However, we are, in fact, reading a lot more overall. In addition to our offline reading, we read online throughout the day as we check our smart phones, surf the Internet, visit social media sites, and catch up on our e-mail. We also do a lot more skimming (略读) and scanning (细读) on the Internet than we do when we read physical books or magazines and newspapers. Before there was an Internet, people spent a lot of time taking notes in libraries. Today, you can just simply bookmark any page and return to it easily. However, many argue that online information sources often have mistakes and can’t be trusted, so we need to be more careful when we use them. Some think that the Internet has made it more difficult to focus on one task without getting interrupted by other things. We are continually interrupted by updates from social media websites and e-mail messages. We follow links (链接) to other websites where we find more links to other websites and jump from topic to topic. We also get a lot of junk (垃圾)—for example, news about famous people and advertisements about products we don’t want or need. Some consider what we read on the Internet to be junk, while others see many. advantages in the reading we do on the Internet. Some argue that reading on the Internet is like exercise for the brain, making it easier for us to deal with interruption and think clearly as we learn to make choices that work for us. In a recent study, a lot of people agreed that our use of the Internet has actually made us smarter. If you grew up with the Internet, that’s very good news, in fact. 27．How has the Internet changed the way we read? A．It makes people read more in their daily life. B．It offers a chance for people to skim and scan. C．It makes people choose books over articles. D．It offers more fictions for people to share. 28．Internet has made it more difficult to focus on one task because_________. A．there are links for shopping connected with the task B．the right information is normally hidden among junk C．various unneeded information often take people’s attention away D．people need to follow different links to get the right information 29．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To question about the sources of online information. B．To discuss the problems of reading on the Internet. C．To state opinions on the effect of reading online. D．To stress the importance of reading non-fiction. D Say you’re sitting around with some friends playing video games and someone mentions a game that happens to be one of your favorites. “Oh, that game’s easy. So not worth the time,” one of your friends says. The others agree. Although you enjoy the game quite a lot, not wanting to argue with them, you go along with the crowd. You have just experienced what is commonly referred to as peer (同伴) pressure, also called peer influence. You will adopt a certain type of behavior, dress, or attitude in order to be accepted as part of a group of your “peers”. As a teen, you are likely to have experienced the effect of peer pressure in a number of different areas. We are all influenced by our peers at any age. For teens, as school and other activities take you away from home, you may spend more time with your friends than with your family. As you become more independent, your peers naturally play a greater role in your life. According to Dr. Casey from Cornell University, teens are very quick and accurate in making decisions on their own and in situations where they have time to think. However, when they make decisions in the heat of the moment or in social situations, their decisions are often influenced by factors like peers. In a recent study, teen volunteers played a video driving game, either alone or with friends watching. The researchers discovered that the number of risks teens took more than doubled when their friends were watching, compared with when they played alone. This shows that teens may find it more difficult to control risky behavior when their friends are around, or in situations where they are extremely angry. Just as people can influence us to make unwise choices, they can also influence us to make good ones. A teen might join in a volunteer project because his or her friends are doing it, or get good grades because his or her friends think getting good grades is important. In fact, friends often encourage each other to study, or try out for sports. While we are always influenced by those around us, the decision to act or not is up to us. So, when it comes to decision making, the choice is up to you. 30．What can we learn from the passage? A．Teens are eager to be different from their peers. B．Peer pressure has effects on both teens and adults. C．Peer pressure does more harm than good to teens. D．Teens think it challenging to get good grades at school. 31．The words “in the heat of the moment” in Paragraph 4 probably mean ________. A．when teens avoid possible risks B．when teens trust their judgment C．when teens lose control over their anger D．when teens give consideration to situations 32．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Peer Pressure: Is It Necessary to Deal with It? B．Peer Pressure: Is It Possible to Get Away from It? C．Peer Pressure: Its Benefits to Teens and Friend Making D．Peer Pressure: Its Influence on Teens and Decision Making 北京市第八中学2022-2023学年九年级上学期期中英语试题 C When you’re having a hard time with something, it’s natural to turn to others for help. Getting help sounds simple, but it’s not always easy to do. Sometimes certain beliefs or ways of thinking can make it hard to ask for help. Here are some kinds of attitudes that can stand in the way and ideas on how to get past them. Some people believe that needing help is a sign of weakness. Actually, it’s a sign of strength, not weakness. You know what you need and you shouldn’t be afraid to reach out for it. Once a boy told me he wanted to ask his coach how to improve his basketball skills, but he was afraid that his coach might think he shouldn’t be on the team. In fact, when he asked his coach for help, his coach thought he was practicing hard. Some other people think they don’t deserve(应该得到) help or support. Everyone needs help now and then. Accepting help can strengthen friendships and relationships. Everyone feels good when they can support a friend. For example, if you want to find out how Katy solves problems with her parents, you should ask Katy if she has time to talk and tell her how important her viewpoint is, instead of worrying that Katy is too busy to help you. When you ask for help, choose someone who listens and cares, not someone who judges or criticizes you. If you get refused, it's not because of you, but the other person. So tell yourself: If Katy says no, she might not be ready to talk about her own experiences. Another wrong attitude is waiting for someone else to make the first move. It’s not always easy for other people to see when you need help. Maybe you’re putting on a cheerful face to hide the problem. Don’t wait for someone to read your mind. You have to ask. Because it can be hard to reach out for help, don't hesitate(犹豫) to offer support to another person if you think he or she needs it. Giving and receiving help are great life skills to learn. They help us improve our abilities to understand other people. 27．In Paragraph 2, the boy was afraid to ask his coach for help because ________. A．his coach criticized him before B．his coach was too busy to help him C．he wasn’t practicing as hard as other players D．he thought it would show he was a weak player 28．What should you do if you need help? A．Be supportive to other people first. B．Be active to find a caring person to talk to. C．Try to make your friends notice what you need. D．Put on a happy face to avoid worrying other people. 29．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Asking for Help: Everyone’s Natural Ability B．Asking for Help: Getting Past Improper Attitudes C．Giving and Receiving Help: Great Skills to Learn D．Giving and Receiving Help: Strengthening Relationships D This high school term was supposed to be easier. That is the thought in my mind —after all, this is the first term that I’m taking less than 20 credits（学分）, and I’m enjoying all of my classes. However, this term has felt the most difficult and my grades are much worse than they were when I was taking two more classes. I couldn’t blame（怪罪） it on the fact that I’ve been busy working in several school clubs and practicing for a school musical several times a week. Actually, it is important that I don’t overlook（忽视） that because it wouldn’t be fair to myself to say it doesn’t play a part in my low grades. However, it’s clearly not the only reason. In fact, study has never been easy for me. I thought that putting in more effort would change things, but it hasn’t. The exam I studied for hours on comes back a failure. I fall asleep while working on homework and forget to hand it in. I sit in class taking lots of notes, and when I look back at them to do my homework, it all reads as gibberish. I start to realize that maybe some of the work I do is just hard. I’m learning that it’s okay not l0 be the best at the work that you do. When you’re used to being naturally good, it’s hard to realize that throwing the same amount of effort at something that is more difficult won’t just automatically（自动地） work. However, we shouldn’t feel bad about that. Even though we’re here for learning, there are so many things to spend our time on. I think of the things I want as all having a price, and the amount that I would like to pay at any given time changes, as does the price. It’s not to say that you should stop working hard, but it’s good to keep in mind that sometimes the price just might be too high for you at a given time. You don’t have to do everything perfectly, even if it looks easy, and you’re allowed to deal with knowledge that just doesn’t make sense to you. This is the time to learn how to keep on keeping on. We will be the best of ourselves once we learn that being our best isn’t a precondition to learning. 30．What was probably the writer’s expectation for her term? A．To take more classes and get better grades. B．To live an easier school life and enjoy the classes. C．To give up some clubs to have more time to study. D．To experience a challenging term and get perfect marks. 31．What does the underlined word “gibberish” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Something funny. B．Something boring. C．Something difficult to remember. D．Something impossible to understand. 32．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．People will pay a higher price if they stop working. B．People have to ask for help if they want to learn well. C．People can’t always make something possible by working hard. D．People shouldn’t give up their goals even though they feel bad. 33．The writer would probably agree ________. A．we shouldn’t take part in school activities B．we should perform perfectly when our work is easy C．we shouldn’t study things that don’t make sense to us D．we should know how to keep going in the face of challenges 北京市第二中学2022-2023学年九年级上学期期中英语试题 C Fluency in another language is a dream of a newcomer to another country. Besides, understanding the culture and learning to communicate comfortably with people of that culture are as important as learning the rules of the language. Language learning and culture learning go together and may take a long time. Sometimes people feel that they understand a culture after a few weeks or months. People do learn a lot when they first begin living in another culture, but this is only the first step of learning. It usually involves things like learning everyday activities and some basic customs. To really understand another culture, people have to go beyond the first step. This is a challenge because it is often difficult to know what to learn. Much of what we call"culture" is hard to see. Culture is like an iceberg. Imagine in your mind a huge iceberg in the ocean. The only part of the iceberg that you see is the top. You don't see the rest of the iceberg because it is hidden from sight in the water. It is easy to forget that it is there. Most of the iceberg is deep in the ocean, just as much of a culture is deep in the ocean, just as much of a culture is deep within its people. When you meet someone from another culture, certain culture differences are obvious: You hear another language or you hear your own language spoken with an accent. You see different foods, clothes and sometimes physical characteristics of people. You watch new customs or habits, such as the use of chopsticks, and, bowing or kissing on both cheeks as a greeting. These differences are interesting and important, but they are usually not too difficult to understand. They can be seen easily and quickly. The part of culture that is like the underwater part of the iceberg consists of assumptions (设想)， communication styles, values, and beliefs about what is right and wrong. The hidden part of culture influences much of a person’s way of thinking and communicating. It is the meaning behind his or her verbal and nonverbal language. Learning to communicate well with people from another culture involves understanding the hidden part of culture. 27．To really understand another culture, people should . A．learn the rules of language B．learn the hidden culture C．visit some local people D．live with some local people 28．Which of the following does the writer agree? A．Communication styles can be easily seen and learned B．Language learning is more important than culture learning C．Learning about culture is not easy and may take a long time D．People usually learn a culture after a few weeks or months. 29．The passage is mainly about   . A．learning about culture. B．learning about people C．the hidden part of the iceberg D．fluency in another language D Self-esteem is the way we feel about ourselves. It has a great influence on how we make decisions and socialize. Normally, people with low self-esteem easily think low about themselves, so it is very important to understand what causes low self-esteem and how we can get over it. Because of trust, we sometimes accept the control from other people who tell us what to do. However, we need to understand it may have serious effects, especially when that person has negative behaviors, like being cruel (残忍的), or overly criticizing others. Remember that you cannot change a person quickly, but you must change how you react to their words and behaviors towards you. Always remember that only you have control of your reaction. Do not just focus on your past unwise choices or feel guilty (内疚的) about them. Everyone makes mistakes. But if you think more, every mistake you made in the past has caused something positive. Making mistakes will open many doors for improvement. If you’re feeling especially guilty about a decision you made, write it down and write beside it every possible positive result that happened to you. This will help you cherish those decisions rather than feel upset about them. Besides, it is not wrong to dream a big thing. However, there will be some harmful effects on your self-esteem if it is your only goal and you fail to achieve it. Most of the time we set unrealistic goals and not being able to achieve them makes us think that we are not good enough. Therefore, it is a good idea to set a huge goal but remember to set up small milestones that you can achieve along the way. Last but not least, comparing yourself to other people is so easy to become a bad habit. We think that the picture we see on social media is their whole story, not realizing that it is just their best look. Keep in mind that what you see is not always what it seems. Moreover remember that they worked hard to achieve what you see from them, then learn from them to be a better you. Hopefully, these tips help you develop your self-esteem. You will not be able to live a joyful life if you let your low self-esteem take over. 30．What should we do if others always tell us what to do? A．Control our own reaction. B．Trust and take their advice. C．Be cruel and criticize them. D．Try to change them quickly. 31．The word “cherish” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A．make B．value C．regret D．forget 32．What can we learn from the passage? A．We’d better try our best to make fewer mistakes. B．Small goals will lower our self-esteem and cause failure. C．We shouldn’t believe in the stories on social media blindly. D．The problem of low self-esteem is more serious than before. 33．The writer wrote this passage to _______. A．introduce some methods to study self-esteem B．guide readers to solve the low self-esteem problem C．lead people to make right decisions by themselves D．encourage people to face failures bravely in real life 北京市第九中学2022-2023学年九年级上学期期中英语试题 C It's no secret that laughter works wonders for us. And much research has been carried out into the good that laughter can do for our general health and well-being. It has been found to release endorphins (释放安多芬), our bodies’natural“feel-good"chemicals, into our blood. But as we grow older, we are more likely to find fewer things funny. A child will laugh on average 300 times a day. By the time we reach adulthood, this number is around 20. But what's behind this? One theory(理论) suggests that it's not a problem of us losing our sense of humor but rather, as we grow older, we're socially conditioned to take things a bit more seriously. Laughter is very much something we do with others. Studies have shown that we are 30 times more likely to find something funny when we are with others than when we are by ourselves. But to laugh with others, we do need to feel a connection to them. We need to feel comfortable in their company. That's why it can be difficult to laugh in the presence of strangers. Laughter is also very contagious and one person's laugh can spread quickly throughout a group of people. But often what makes us join in is the fear of standing out and being different. We laugh, even if we don' t really get the joke, especially in groups controlled by a powerful person. When the head teacher tells a joke, for example, you laugh, even though later you might wonder if the joke was really that funny at all. There are many different reasons why we laugh. Here are three widely accepted theories: The Incongruity Theory: It's often the unexpected that makes us laugh. When things that we are familiar with suddenly take a turn into the unknown, our expectations are challenged and that often results in laughter. The Superiority Theory: We often find the mistakes and misfortunes of others funny. This would explain the popularity of online videos showing pranks (恶作剧). The Relief Theory:Laugh offers light relief. It explains why there are so many jokes about the darker things in life. By being able to laugh at them, we are able to face them more easily. 27．According to the theory in Paragraph 1, why do we laugh less as we grow older? A．There are fewer funny things. B．We take things more seriously. C．Our body releases less endorphins. D．We gradually lose our sense of humor. 28．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．More funny things happen when we are with others. B．It's difficult to build up connections with strangers. C．We laugh sometimes because of social needs. D．Powerful people are more likely to be funny. 29．What is the passage mainly about? A．The science of laughter B．the power of laughter. C．The sign of laughter. D．The art of laughter D Upcycling is the process of changing old materials into something useful and often beautiful. So, is it the same as recycling? No. Recycling takes materials-paper or glass-and breaks them down so their base materials can be remade into a new product. When you upcycle an item(物品), you are not breaking down the material, you are simply refashioning it. For example, you might make shoes out of old tyres. Also, the upcycled item is typically of the same, or even better, quality(质量) than the original. Upcycling isn’t a new idea. Some of the best examples of modern-day upcycling come from the 1930s to 1940s when families didn’t have enough materials. In those days, things were repurposed over and over until there were no longer useful. For example, an old door can be made into a new dining table. Economising(节约) is still a trend(趋势) today and a big reason why more and more people upcycle. But an even bigger reason for the rebirth of upcycling is its good influence on the environment. Upcycling is green. The plain and simple fact of the matter is that upcycling is much better for the planet than throwing things away. When you upcycle, that's one item less that ends upon the waste mountain. Upcycling is also considerably more environmentally friendly than recycling, which needs energy or water to break down materials. Upcycling just needs your own creativity and effort. Grace Robinson, from the UK, takes used tea bags and turns them into dresses, shoes and even hats. Every day she drinks some tea, and then dries out the tea bags with the tea still in them. When they are dry, she takes the tea out and sews the bags together to make clothes. This can take a long time- maybe months for a single dress -so Grace gets friends to help her by drinking tea too and passing their tea bags on to her. There are two ways to support the upcycling movement. Sort(分类)through your wardrobe or recycling bin and create items yourself, or buy ready-made items from upcycled materials. Both ways benefit the environment and in return, you get something that’s both attractive and practical. 30．We can learn from the passage that upcycling ___________. A．can improve the quality of items B．needs more energy than recycling C．needs to break down base materials D．produces more waste than recycling 31．The underlined word"refashioning"in Paragraph 2 probably means “___________”. A．giving a new form B．giving a simple name C．making a perfect copy D．making a different model 32．The writer probably agrees that ___________. A．it is better to make clothes with used tea bags B．upcycling is much greener than recycling C．it is necessary to help others to upcycle D．people need to be more creative 33．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Get started to recycle today B．A modern trend: upcycling C．Is it the same as recycling? D．To recycle or to upcycle? 北京市第八十中学2022-2023学年九年级上学期期中英语试题 C Most teens need about 8 to more than 9 hours of sleep each night．The right amount of sleep is necessary for anyone who wants to do well in a test or play sports without tripping over their feet. Unfortunately，though，many teens don’t get enough sleep. ? Early starting time in some schools may play a role in this sleep deficit (不足)．Teens who fall asleep after midnight may still have to get up early for school，meaning that they may only shorten into 6 or 7 hours of sleep a night．A couple of hours of missed sleep a night may not seem like a big deal，but can create a noticeable sleep deficit over time. Why is sleep important? Sleep deficit affects everything from a person’s ability to pay attention in class to his or her mood．Research shows that more than 20% of high school students fall asleep in class，and experts have been able to tie lost sleep to poorer grades．Lack of sleep also damages teens’ ability to do their best in sports．Slowed responses and less concentration(专注)caused by sleep deficit don’t just affect school or sports performance，though．Lack of sleep slows reaction time，which can be life threatening for people who drive．The National Highway Safety Traffic Administration reports that 1，500 people are killed every year in crashes caused by drivers between the ages of 15 and 24 who are simply tired．Lack of sleep has also been linked to emotional troubles， such as feelings of sadness and depression．Sleep helps keep us physically healthy，too，by slowing our body’s systems enough to re-energize us after everyday activities. How do I know if I’m getting enough sleep? Even if you think you’re getting enough sleep， you may not be．Here are some of the signs that you may need more sleep: (1) difficulty in waking up in the morning；(2) inability to focus；(3) falling asleep during classes； (4) feelings of anxiety and even depression(忧郁)．Recently，some researchers，parents，and teachers have suggested that middle and high school classes begin later in the morning to meet teens’ need for more sleep．Some schools have already tried later starting time．You and your friends，parents，and teachers can call up for later start time at your school，but in the meantime you’ll have to make changes on your own first. 27．Which is the best choice for the blank in Paragraph 2? A．What does sleep deficit mean B．How many hours do teens sleep a night C．Why can’t teens get enough sleep D．Why do teens now need to sleep more 28．What can we learn from the passage? A．1500 drivers between ages of 15 and 24 in America are killed a year. B．Lack of sleep has bad influence on both life and school performance. C．Sleep helps to keep us healthy by energizing our everyday activities. D．Poor performance in study and sports has little relation with lost sleep. 29．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain the reason why teens are lack of sleep. B．To draw people’s attention to teens’ sleeping problem. C．To introduce that we have the problem of sleep shortage. D．To give teens advice on possible ways of having better sleep. D It seems that we have it backward in our society. We tend to look up to people who are under a great deal of stress, who can deal with lots of stress, and those who are under a great deal of pressure. When someone says, “I've been working really hard," or "I'm really stressed out," we are taught to admire, even copy what they do. In my work as a stress consultant （顾问）I hear the proud words "I have a very high tolerance （忍耐力； 忍受力）to stress" almost every day. It probably won't come as a surprise that when these stressed-out people first arrive at my office, more often than not, what they are hoping for are methods to raise their tolerance to stress even higher so they can deal with even more! Luckily, there is a powerful law in our emotional environment that goes something like this: our present level of stress will be exactly that of our tolerance to stress. You'll notice that the people who say, “I can deal with lots of stress" will always be under a great deal of it! So, if you teach people to raise their tolerance to stress, that's exactly what will happen. They will accept even more responsibility  until again, their level of stress matches that of their tolerance. Usually it takes a serious problem of some kind to wake up a stressed-out person to their own craziness一a great loss, a complete failure, or an unexpected illness一something  happens that forces them to search for a new kind of method. It may seem strange, but if you were to join in the stress management workshop, what you would probably learn is to raise your tolerance to stress. It seems that even stress consultants are stressed out! What you want to start doing is noticing your stress early before it gets out of hand. When your schedule （日程安排）is getting out of hand, it's a sign that it's time to slow down and reconsider what's important rather than power through everything on the list. When you're feeling out of control and tired of all you have to do, rather than roll up your sleeves and "get to it,” a better method is to relax, take a few deep breaths, and go for a short walk. You'll find that when you catch yourself getting too stressed out一early, before it gets out of control一your stress will be like the "snowball" rolling down the hill. When it's small, it's manageable and easy to control. Once it gathers more, however, it's difficult, if not impossible, to stop. There's no need to worry that you won't get it all done. When your mind is clear and peaceful and your stress level comes down, you'll be more effective and you'll have more fun. As you lower your tolerance to stress, you will find that you'll have far less stress to deal with, as well as creative ideas for dealing with the stress that is left over. 30．People hoping to raise their tolerance will probably_________. A．shoulder fewer responsibilities B．have to deal with more stress C．refuse to listen to the consultant D．manage to solve problems well 31．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably means _________. A．the level of stress differs from their tolerance B．the level of stress changes with their tolerance C．the level of stress goes beyond their tolerance D．the level of stress falls below their tolerance 32．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．We should follow our schedule and power through everything on the list. B．Rolling the snowball down the hill can help us relax and feel less stressed. C．It's wise to notice the early sign of stress and manage it as soon as possible. D．Going for a walk is a better choice when you are tired of what you're doing. 33．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Lower Your Tolerance to Stress B．Turn to Your Consultant for Help C．Better Your Emotional Environment D．Get Close to Nature to Lower Stress 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05 阅读理解说明文&议论文 北京市海淀区2023-2024学年度第一学期期中九年级英语 C Summer 2023 has beaten heat records worldwide. On July 6, the average worldwide temperature reached the highest on record. Scientists are still trying to work out all the reasons for this summer's historic heat. But one thing is certain: it has a lot to do with human—caused climate(气候) change. Much of this summer's heat is probably related to Earth's oceans, experts say. Oceans worldwide have been warming for decades (十年), largely because of the greenhouse gases produced by humans. The wann oceans can't take in as much heat from the atmosphere (大气层). This leaves more heat in the air, leading to warmer summer weather. El Niio may also have helped turn up the heat this summer. El Nifio happens naturally every several years. It warms the waters of the tropical (热带的) Pacific. But Earth's new period of El Niio only began in June and won't be at its strongest for months. So it's too early to say how much El Niio has added to the hot weather this summer, researchers say. Another possible reason for the high temperatures is the heat waves. Heat waves happen when powerful winds flow more slowly through Earth's atmosphere. This can cause hot pockets of air to stay over the same places for days or weeks at a time. One recent study showed that human—caused climate change is making heat waves more common and more serious. Researchers made computer models of the world with and without climate change. Then, they compared how often heat waves would happen in each case. The models showed that heat waves are now expected about once every ten years in Europe and North America, but they would be almost impossible without climate change. It's too early to work out the cost of all that unusual weather. But hundreds of deaths have been reported around the world. And the great need for air conditioning has heightened people's worry about power shortages. Those problems will only become more serious as climate change creates more hot summers like this one. 39．Oceans worldwide have been warming for decades largely because of ________. A．the new period of El Nino B．human-produced greenhouse gases C．the strong waves of the tropical Pacific D．powerful winds through Earth’s atmosphere 40．What can we learn from the passage? A．Scientists have found a way to deal with climate change. B．The hot weather in July was mainly caused by El Nino. C．Climate change may lead to stronger heat waves. D．People are well-prepared for hotter summers. 41．What is the passage mainly about? A．Worries about the greenhouse effect. B．Reasons behind the heat this summer. C．Influences of the hot weather this summer. D．Ways for scientists to study climate change. 【答案】 39．B 40．C 41．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了2023年夏天打破了全球高温纪录的具体原因。 【详解】 39．细节理解题。根据“Oceans worldwide have been warming for decades (十年), largely because of the greenhouse gases produced by humans.”可知，几十年来，全球海洋一直在变暖，主要原因是人类产生的温室气体。故选B。 40．细节理解题。根据“One recent study showed that human-caused climate change is making heat waves more common and more serious”可知，气候变化可能导致更强的热浪。故选C。 41．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了2023年夏天打破了全球高温记录的具体原因。故选B。 D When someone has a sharply different viewpoint from our own, we naturally choose two common ways, either avoiding a conversation with that person or trying to convince(说服)them that they are wrong. Research shows there is another way: using receptive (接纳性的) language, showing that we are truly interested in a new point of view. Many of us try to avoid disputed (有争议的) discussions. We prefer to talk with someone with similar opinions. This happens because we usually think that talking to someone who has disagreements will be more unpleasant than it actually is. When we do have to talk with people holding different views, we typically try to convince them to give up their belief because we think we are right and try to "win" the argument. And the other side is likely to think the same way, which leads to even more difficult problems to work through. A more effective method is being conversationally receptive. Research shows that when we appear receptive to others' different views, our arguments sound more convincing. Receptive language can also make those with whom we disagree more receptive in return. It makes us more likable, and others more interested in partnering with us. Researchers suggested three tips that can help us improve conversational receptiveness in even the most heated disagreements. Recognize (承认) the other person's point of view. Say "I understand that ..." or "I believe what you're saying is ... to show that you take an active part in the conversation and find value and even trust in their points. Hedge your statements. When we talk, we usually hold the opinion that we should be strong and confident and express our views in a direct, forceful way. But if we show that we are not so sure about our belief, our views will be likely to be better received. Express your arguments in an acceptable way. You might say, "Let's consider the possible benefits of having fewer people working on the project" rather than "We should not add more people to the project." The second sentence sounds unpleasant, showing that the speaker is not open to the possibility of further discussion. By following these tips in our communication, we'll be more likely to have an effective conversation and bridge the differences. 42．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Why people use two common ways when facing disagreements. B．How people communicate to deal with difficult problems. C．How people convince others to give up their belief. D．Why people dislike those with different opinions. 43．According to the passage, being conversationally receptive can lead to _________. A．productive communication B．creative statements C．increased confidence D．divided opinions 44．The words “hedge your statements” in Paragraph 6 probably mean “_________”. A．explain your reasons clearly B．raise your questions politely C．voice your ideas less forcefully D．express your excuses more directly 45．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To stress the importance of productive communication. B．To introduce a better way to deal with disagreements. C．To explain the reasons for using receptive language. D．To provide three effective tips to win an argument. 【答案】 42．A 43．A 44．C 45．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了当有人与我们的观点截然不同时，我们还有另一种方法：使用接受性语言，表明我们真的对一个新观点感兴趣，并且研究人员提出了三个建议，可以帮助我们在最激烈的分歧中提高对话的接受度。 【详解】 42．主旨大意题。根据“When someone has a sharply different viewpoint from our own, we naturally choose two common ways, either avoiding a conversation with that person or trying to convince(说服) them that they are wrong”及“Many of us try to avoid disputed (有争议的) discussions. We prefer to talk with someone with similar opinions. This happens because…”可知，第二段主要讲述了为什么人们在遇到分歧时会用两种常见的方式，故选A。 43．推理判断题。根据第三段和最后一段可知，善于接受谈话可以带来富有成效的交流，故选A。 44．词义猜测题。根据“When we talk, we usually hold the opinion that we should be strong and confident and express our views in a direct, forceful way. But if we show that we are not so sure about our belief, our views will be likely to be better received.”可知，不要太强硬表达自己的想法，这样会被更容易接受，故选C。 45．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了当有人与我们的观点截然不同时，我们还有另一种方法：使用接受性语言，表明我们真的对一个新观点感兴趣，并且研究人员提出了三个建议，可以帮助我们在最激烈的分歧中提高对话的接受度，故选B。 北京市东城区二中教育集团2023-2024学年九年级上学期期中 C Self-control is a skill that children need to succeed in school, socially and emotionally. The development of self-control begins at birth and continues throughout our lives. As babies, we have little or no control over our behaviors and emotions, but as we get older, with the help of parents or caregivers, we learn how to take turns, how to pay attention in class, stick to a challenging task, and restrain(制止) from hitting another child. These abilities continue to develop in our childhood and then youthhood. Also, it is clear that being impulsive(易冲动的) can have bad effects on children, causing interpersonal problems, poor physical health, and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, by learning self-control, children can make right decisions and respond to situations in positive ways. One of the effective strategies, when helping children develop self-control abilities, is to select developmentally proper tasks. Try setting up simple goals first, where success is expected, before moving onto the next goal. For preschoolers, goals might include not interrupting or not fighting on the playground. For early elementary school students, right goals might be following bedtime rules. However, it’s not enough to set up simple goals, because for children of the same age, there are still some differences in the development of self-control abilities. Some general strategies often help them learn right self-control behaviors. •Take a break Encourage children to take a break or “time in” whenever they feel down, annoyed or angry. Stepping away from an upsetting situation can help a child calm down. •Teach and provide attention Paying attention is a skill that can be taught. Encourage children to resist interrupting by learning to observe others without talking, so they can join in easily. Make sure to provide children with attention at times so they don’t feel ignored and therefore are unlikely to interrupt. •Use proper rewards(奖励) In order to develop positive behaviors, children need frequently positive feedback. Praise and consistent feedback can be highly rewarding for young children. It is important to let a child know what a desired behavior is. •Use activities designed to teach self-regulation(自我管理) Using specific activities can help teach young children skills that improve self-control. Some of these skills include dealing with “wanting something I can’t have”, understanding feelings, and controlling anger. 27．What can we learn from Paragraph 1 ? A．As people get older, their attention will improve naturally. B．Being impulsive can often cause bad results in children’s grades. C．Children can learn how to control themselves with the help of parents. D．Self-control development begins at birth and keeps growing till youthhood. 28．What can teachers do when students feel very disappointed? A．Teach and provide attention. B．Give rewards and suggestions. C．Teach skills to regulate themselves. D．Encourage them to take a break. 29．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Time Waits for No Man — The Development of Self-Control B．Have Power over Your Mind — Tips on Developing Self-Control C．Prevention Is Better than Cure — Rules of Self-Control Behaviors D．Think Twice Before You Act — The Importance of Self-Control Skills 【答案】 27．C 28．D 29．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些学会自我控制的方法。 【详解】 27．推理判断题。根据原文“with the help of parents or caregivers, we learn how to take turns, how to pay attention in class, stick to a challenging task, and restrain(制止) from hitting another child”可知，小孩在家长的帮助下，是可以学会自我控制的。故选C。 28．细节理解题。根据原文“Encourage children to take a break or “time in” whenever they feel down, annoyed or angry”可知，孩子们感到很失望时，可以鼓励他们休息一下。故选D。 29．最佳标题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些学会自我控制的方法。故选B。 D Think back to when you were in a classroom, and the teacher set a difficult problem. Which of the two following responses is closer to the way you reacted? A B Oh no, this is too hard for me. I’m not even going to seriously try and work it out. Ah, this is a little difficult but I like to have a try. Maybe I’ll learn something when trying. The psychologist (心理学家) Carol Dweck of Stanford University, did a test by giving some ten-year-old children problems that were a little hard for them. Group 1, who chose B, reacted positively, said they loved challenges and understood that their abilities could be developed. Professor Dweck says they had a “growth mindset (思维模式)”. And they cared more about what they can achieve in the future. However, group 2, who chose A, felt that their intelligence was being judged and they had failed. They had a “fixed mindset” and were unable to imagine improving. Some of these children said they might cheat in the future and look for someone who were worse than them, just to make themselves feel good. Professor Dweck believes that there is a problem in education. For years, teachers have praised children for their intelligence and talent. But this makes them get hurt easily from failure. They become performance-oriented (i. e. interested in getting high grades, not learning). The right way, according to Dweck, is to praise the process that children are involved in: making an effort, using learning strategies (策略) and improving. This way they will become mastery-oriented (i. e. interested in getting better at something) and will achieve more. Psychologists have been testing these theories. Students were taught that if they left their comfort zone and learned something new and difficult, they’d be more intelligent. These students made faster progress than a control group. In another study, children from an underperforming (不佳的) school had trainings on their growth mindset techniques for a year. The results were staggering. They came top in tests, beating children from much better schools. These children had previously felt that making an effort was a sign of stupidity, but they came to see it as the key to learning. So, back to our original question, if you answered B, well done—you already have a growth mindset. If A, don’t worry: everyone is able to become mastery-oriented with a little effort and self-awareness. 30．What can we learn from Carol’s test in Paragraph 2? ________ A．Group 2 cheated in the test. B．Group 1 had good imagination. C．Group 2 felt confident after the test. D．Group 1 liked challenging problems. 31．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? ________ A．Ways of training children. B．How to deal with challenges. C．Problems in today’s classroom. D．The right and wrong ways of praise. 32．The word “staggering” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________. A．Unbelievable B．Unchangeable C．Disappointing D．frightening 33．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? ________ A．Do you have the right mindset? B．Can you make the right choice? C．Are you using proper strategies? D．Are you really pushing yourself? 【答案】 30．D 31．D 32．A 33．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了心理学家 Carol Dweck 对两种思维模式和固定模式的分析。 【详解】 30．细节理解题。根据“Group 1, who chose B, reacted positively, said they loved challenges and understood that their abilities could be developed”可知，第一组选择B的人喜欢挑战并明白他们的能力可以得到发展，故选D。 31．段落大意题。根据“For years, teachers have praised children for their intelligence and talent. But this makes them get hurt easily from failure. They become performance-oriented (i. e. interested in getting high grades, not learning). The right way, according to Dweck, is to praise the process that children are involved in: making an effort, using learning strategies (策略) and improving. This way they will become mastery-oriented (i. e. interested in getting better at something) and will achieve more.”可知，此段主要介绍了正确和错误的赞美方式，故选D。 32．词义猜测题。根据“They came top in tests, beating children from much better schools.”可知，他们在测试中成为了顶尖的人, 打败了从更好学校的孩子们，结果令人难以置信，所以staggering的意思是“难以置信的”，故选A。 33．最佳标题题。根据“So, back to our original question, if you answered B, well done—you already have a growth mindset. If A, don’t worry；everyone is able to become mastery-oriented with a little effort and self-awareness”及全文可知，主要介绍了心理学家 Carol Dweck 对两种思维模式和固定模式的分析，并且侧重了思维模式的重要性，选项A符合文章大意，故选A。 北京市回民学校2023-2024学年九年级上学期期中英语试题 C When you’re having a hard time with something, it’s natural to turn to others for help. Getting help sounds simple, but it’s not always easy to do. Sometimes certain beliefs or ways of thinking can make it hard to ask for help. Here are some kinds of attitudes that can stand in the way and ideas on how to get past them. Some people believe that needing help is a sign of weakness. Actually, it’s a sign of strength, not weakness. You know what you need and you shouldn’t be afraid to reach out for it. Once a boy told me he wanted to ask his coach how to improve his basketball skills, but he was afraid that his coach might think he shouldn’t be on the team. In fact, when he asked his coach for help, his coach thought he was practicing hard. Some other people think they don’t deserve(应该得到) help or support. Everyone needs help now and then. Accepting help can strengthen friendships and relationships. Everyone feels good when they can support a friend. For example, if you want to find out how Katy solves problems with her parents, you should ask Katy if she has time to talk and tell her how important her viewpoint is, instead of worrying that Katy is too busy to help you. When you ask for help, choose someone who listens and cares, not someone who judges or criticizes you. If you get refused, it's not because of you, but the other person. So tell yourself: If Katy says no, she might not be ready to talk about her own experiences. Another wrong attitude is waiting for someone else to make the first move. It’s not always easy for other people to see when you need help. Maybe you’re putting on a cheerful face to hide the problem. Don’t wait for someone to read your mind. You have to ask. Because it can be hard to reach out for help, don't hesitate(犹豫) to offer support to another person if you think he or she needs it. Giving and receiving help are great life skills to learn. They help us improve our abilities to understand other people. 27．In Paragraph 2, the boy was afraid to ask his coach for help because ________. A．his coach criticized him before B．his coach was too busy to help him C．he wasn’t practicing as hard as other players D．he thought it would show he was a weak player 28．What should you do if you need help? A．Be supportive to other people first. B．Be active to find a caring person to talk to. C．Try to make your friends notice what you need. D．Put on a happy face to avoid worrying other people. 29．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Asking for Help: Everyone’s Natural Ability B．Asking for Help: Getting Past Improper Attitudes C．Giving and Receiving Help: Great Skills to Learn D．Giving and Receiving Help: Strengthening Relationships 【答案】 27．D 28．B 29．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。生活中每个人都有需要寻求帮助的时候，但是有时候恰恰是我们自己阻碍了寻求帮助的道路。 【详解】 27．细节理解题。根据“Once a boy told me he wanted to ask his coach how to improve his basketball skills, but he was afraid that his coach might think he shouldn’t be on the team.”可知，男孩害怕他的教练可能认为他不应该在这个球队。故选D。 28．细节理解题。根据“When you ask for help, choose someone who listens and cares, not someone who judges or criticizes you.”可知，当你寻求帮助时，选择一个倾听和关心你的人。故选B。 29．最佳标题题。生活中每个人都有需要寻求帮助的时候，但是有时候恰恰是我们自己阻碍了寻求帮助的道路，本文建议我们摆脱不恰当的态度，勇于寻求帮助，因为给予和接受帮助是需要学习的很好的生活技能，它们帮助我们提高理解他人的能力。故选B。 D According to a recent report, about 18% of China’s Internet users are under 19 years old. And nearly 1/4 of them are students. While benefiting a lot from the Internet, such as education and communication, teenagers often face dangers and risks. To better protect them, the Chinese government last year launched(启动) a special system which has come to be known as the “Teenager Mode(模式).” Many live online video platforms(平台) are now using it, but how effective is it? “Teenager Mode” seems to be a firewall to protect teenage Internet users from overuse. Platforms have their own ways to do that, such as time limits and passwords. They can also prohibit rewarding, recharging(续费) and so on. Although there are some advantages, “Teenager Mode” still has its problems. For example, many parents complain that their children can still see something unsuitable on some platforms although they use “Teenager Mode”. And if teenagers get hold of the full password, they can enter and exit whenever they like. Experts say the system is still very new and it takes time and energy to improve it. “‘Teenager Mode’ doesn’t have the same standard yet. For platforms, they should make every effort to truly meet the requirements of the regulatory authorities (管理当局的要求),” said Wang Sixin, the president of Beijing Net Law Society. Others say “Teenager Mode” doesn’t really limit the time teenagers spend online. They can simply go from one app or platform to another till they use up the time limit on each. To improve it, first of all, the time spent on each app or platform needs to be shared. Second, in order to help parents control their children’s time spent online, the app or platform can trigger(触发) an alarm to warn the parents. In all, the system is an important first step to protect young people from the dangers and risks of the Internet, but more needs to be done. 30．According to the passage, “Teenager Mode” is launched to ________. A．keep teenagers far away from their computers B．show teenagers the benefits of the Internet C．stop teenagers from overusing the Internet D．protect teenagers from the dangers in their schools 31．The word “prohibit” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A．provide B．allow C．change D．stop 32．What can you learn from the passage? A．The “Teenager Mode” can only set passwords. B．The “Teenager Mode” still has some problems. C．Experts say the system will be improved soon. D．Teenagers’ online time can be reduced successfully. 33．What is the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To tell teenagers not to use the Internet. B．To point out the disadvantages of the Internet. C．To discuss the effects of the “Teenager Mode”. D．To encourage parents to use the “Teenager Mode”. 【答案】 30．C 31．D 32．B 33．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讨论了“青少年模式”的作用及影响。 【详解】 30．细节理解题。根据文中“To better protect them, the Chinese government last year launched(启动) a special system”和““Teenager Mode” seems to be a firewall to protect teenage Internet users from overuse.”可知“青少年模式”的启动是为了更好地阻止青少年过度使用互联网，故选C。 31．词义猜测题。根据文中“ Platforms have their own ways to do that, such as time limits and passwords ”可知，平台可以限制时间和密码，再结合“rewarding, recharging(续费) and so on”可知，应该是阻止打赏、续费等等。划线单词表示“阻止”，与stop同义。故选D。 32．推理判断题。根据文中“Experts say the system is still very new…doesn’t have the same standard yet. ”可知，“青少年模式”还有需要改进的地方，故选B。 33．主旨大意题。根据文中的总结段落“In all, the system is an important first step to protect young people from the dangers and risks of the Internet, but more needs to be done.”可知，本文探讨了“青少年模式”的影响。故选C。 北京市汇文中学教育集团2023-2024学年九年级上学期期中考试英语试题 C Sometimes it seems that time is flying. Perhaps it doesn’t need to feel this way. Our experience of time can be possibly changed. By understanding the psychological (心理学的) processes behind our different experiences of time, we might be able to slow down time a little. One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we’re exposed(接触) to new environments and experiences. The law is caused by the relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds process. The more information our minds take in, the slower time seems to pass. It follows, then, that we have different experiences of time in different situations. In some situations, our life is full of new experiences. Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down. In other situations, we have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar(熟悉的). We become insensitive to our experience, which means we process less information, and time seems to speed up. How can we slow down time? Here are two suggestions. Firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible. We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information, hobbies and skills. This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand (增加) our experience of time. Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience-to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts. For example, on the way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with. Look at the sky, or at the buildings you pass, traveling among them. This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time-expanding effect. To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing. It’s possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience of time. 27．According to the writer, we can expand our experience of time by . A．going to bed on time B．traveling to new places C．having dinner as usual D．printing the same materials 28．What can we learn from the passage? A．Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information. B．Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly. C．We can take in more information by living through our senses. D．We should build a stronger relationship between time and us. 29．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Slow Down Time B．Only Time Will Tell C．Race Against Time D．Time Will Not Come Twice 【答案】 27．B 28．C 29．A 【导语】你知道吗？我们对时间的体验是可以改变的。根据心理学上的一个基本规律：当我们接触新的环境和经历时，时间好像就会慢下来。怎样让时间慢下来呢？短文中给了我们两条建议。 【详解】 27．推理判断题。根据文意和短文第二段One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we’re exposed(接触) to new environments and experiences.可知，当我们接触新环境和经历时，时间好像会变慢。结合选项：A是“按时上床睡觉”；B是“去新的地方旅行”；C是“像往常一样吃晚饭”；D是“打印相同的材料”。故应选B。 28．推理判断题。根据短文第六段Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience-to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts.可知，通过我们的感官，我们可以吸收更多的信息。故应选C。 29．主旨大意题。根据短文第一段Our experience of time can be possibly changed.；再根据第二段One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we’re exposed(接触) to new environments and experiences.以及第四段How can we slow down time? Here are two suggestions.可知，短文先告诉我们“时间的体验是可以改变的”，然后从心理学的角度解释了其中的原理，并对如何使时间变慢提出了建议。因此整篇文章都是围绕Slow down time展开的，故选A最合适。 D Most environmental pollution comes from humans and their inventions. The electric bulbs are thought to be one of the greatest human inventions of all time. However, too much of a good thing has started to negatively impact the environment. Light pollution, the extreme or inappropriate use of outdoor artificial light, is affecting human health and wildlife behavior. There is a global movement to reduce light pollution, and everyone can help. Light pollution is a global issue. This became particularly obvious when the World Atlas (地图册) of Night Sky Brightness, a computer-generated map based on thousands of satellite photos, was published in 2016. Vast areas of North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia are glowing with light, while only Siberia, the Sahara, and the Amazon are in total darkness. Artificial light can wreak havoc on natural body rhythms in both humans and animals. It interrupts sleep and confuses the circadian rhythm (生理节奏) — the internal, twenty-four-hour clock that guides day and night activities and affects physiological processes in nearly all living organisms. One of these processes is the production of the hormone melatonin (褪黑素), which is released when it is dark and is prevented when there is light. An increased amount of light at night lowers melatonin production, which results in lack of sleep, headaches, stress, anxiety, and other health problems. Blue light, in particular, has been shown to reduce levels of melatonin in humans. It is found in cell phones and other computer devices, as well as in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), the kinds of bulbs that have become popular at home and in industrial and city lighting due to their low cost and energy efficiency. Studies show that light pollution is also impacting animal behaviors, such as migration (迁徙) patterns and habitat formation. Because of light pollution, sea turtles guided by moonlight during migration get confused, lose their way, and often die. Large numbers of insects, a primary food source for birds and other animals, are drawn to artificial light and are instantly killed upon contact with light sources. Even animals living under the deep sea may be affected by underwater artificial lighting. One study looked at how animals in sea responded to brightly lit panels put under water off the coast of Wales. Fewer filter feeding animals (滤食性动物), such as the sea squirt (海鞘), made their homes near the lighted panels. This could mean that the artificial light is altering ocean ecosystems. The good news is that light pollution, unlike many other forms of pollution, is reversible (可逆的) and each one of us can make a difference! Now, many people are taking action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky. Individuals are urged to use outdoor lighting only when and where it is needed, to make sure outdoor lights are properly shielded (遮挡) and direct light down instead of up into the sky, and to close window blinds, shades, and curtains at night to keep light inside. 30．What does the underlined phrase “wreak havoc on” in Para. 3 probably mean? A．Greatly improve. B．Well maintain. C．Strictly manage. D．Seriously damage. 31．According to the passage, which would the author agree with? A．Light pollution was first studied as a global issue in 2016. B．Deep-sea environment can help animals avoid light pollution. C．Artificial light affects the sense of direction and habits of animals. D．LEDs can be used more because of low cost and energy efficiency. 32．What is the author’s attitude towards the control of light pollution? A．Unconcerned. B．Negative. C．Neutral. D．Positive. 33．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To call on people to reduce light pollution. B．To discuss fors and againsts of artificial light. C．To give suggestions to protect environment. D．To show development prospect of artificial light. 【答案】 30．D 31．C 32．D 33．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了人造光对人类和动物的危害，呼吁我们要行动起来，减少光污染。 【详解】 30．词义猜测题。根据“It interrupts sleep and confuses the circadian rhythm”可知，会打断睡眠，扰乱昼夜节律，说明人造光会对人类和动物的自然身体节律造成严重破坏，所以划线单词与“Seriously damage”同义，故选D。 31．推理判断题。根据“Studies show that light pollution is also impacting animal behaviors, such as migration (迁徙) patterns and habitat formation. Because of light pollution, sea turtles guided by moonlight during migration get confused, lose their way, and often die.”可知，光污染也会影响动物的行为，如迁徙模式和栖息地形成。由于光污染，海龟在月光的指引下迁徙，迷失方向，经常死亡，由此可知，人造光会影响动物的方向感和习性，故选C。 32．观点态度题。根据“The good news is that light pollution, unlike many other forms of pollution, is reversible (可逆的) and each one of us can make a difference! ”可知，与许多其他形式的污染不同，光污染是可逆的，我们每个人都可以做出改变，由此可推断作者对光污染控制的态度是积极乐观的，故选D。 33．主旨大意题。根据“ Light pollution, the extreme or inappropriate use of outdoor artificial light, is affecting human health and wildlife behavior. There is a global movement to reduce light pollution, and everyone can help.”及全文的介绍可知，文章介绍了人造光对人类和动物的危害，呼吁我们要行动起来，减少光污染，故选A。 北京市顺义区仁和中学2023-2024学年九年级上学期期中考试 Fluency in another language is a dream of a newcomer to another country. Besides, understanding the culture and learning to communicate comfortably with people of that culture are as important as learning the rules of the language. Language learning and culture learning go together and may take a long time. Sometimes people feel that they understand a culture after a few weeks or months. People do learn a lot when they first begin living in another culture, but this is only the first step of learning. It usually involves things like learning everyday activities and some basic customs. To really understand another culture, people have to go beyond the first step. This is a challenge because it is often difficult to know what to learn. Much of what we call"culture" is hard to see. Culture is like an iceberg. Imagine in your mind a huge iceberg in the ocean. The only part of the iceberg that you see is the top. You don't see the rest of the iceberg because it is hidden from sight in the water. It is easy to forget that it is there. Most of the iceberg is deep in the ocean, just as much of a culture is deep in the ocean, just as much of a culture is deep within its people. When you meet someone from another culture, certain culture differences are obvious: You hear another language or you hear your own language spoken with an accent. You see different foods, clothes and sometimes physical characteristics of people. You watch new customs or habits, such as the use of chopsticks, and, bowing or kissing on both cheeks as a greeting. These differences are interesting and important, but they are usually not too difficult to understand. They can be seen easily and quickly. The part of culture that is like the underwater part of the iceberg consists of assumptions (设想)， communication styles, values, and beliefs about what is right and wrong. The hidden part of culture influences much of a person’s way of thinking and communicating. It is the meaning behind his or her verbal and nonverbal language. Learning to communicate well with people from another culture involves understanding the hidden part of culture. 27．To really understand another culture, people should . A．learn the rules of language B．learn the hidden culture C．visit some local people D．live with some local people 28．Which of the following does the writer agree? A．Communication styles can be easily seen and learned B．Language learning is more important than culture learning C．Learning about culture is not easy and may take a long time D．People usually learn a culture after a few weeks or months. 29．The passage is mainly about  _____. A．learning about culture. B．learning about people C．the hidden part of the iceberg D．fluency in another language 【答案】 27．B 28．C 29．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了其它国家语言文化的学习，由于差异性，语言学习和文化学习结合在一起，可能需要很长时间。包括文化的学习以及文化学习方面所遇见的问题。 【详解】 27．细节理解题。根据文中To really understand another culture, people have to go beyond the first step. This is challenge because it is often difficult to know what to learn. Much of what we call “culture” is hard to see.要真正了解另一种文化，人们必须超越第一步。这是一个挑战，因为通常很难知道要学什么。我们称之为“文化”的很多东西都很难看到。可知，我们要学习隐藏的文化，故选B。 28．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Language learning and culture learning go together and may take a long time.语言学习和文化学习是同时进行的，可能需要很长时间。可知作者的观点和C选项一致，故选C。 29．主旨大意题。通读文章，全文以“culture”为主线进行。主要讲述了其它国家语言文化的学习，由于差异性，语言学习和文化学习结合在一起，可能需要很长时间。后文具体介绍了不同国家语言文化的深刻内涵。故选A。 Social Media… the Highs and Lows Twenty years ago, the idea of sharing our lives so openly with the world was unheard of. However, for young people today it is considered completely normal to share pictures of their lives and interact online every day. Fans of social media point out that the world has never been so connected as it has allowed people to make friends, learn about the world and celebrate life. However, many people have concerns about the effects of this new way of living, particularly around the amount and type of information that is shared so openly. Now researchers have found that too much time on social media may indeed have some negative( 消极的 ) effects. They measured people’s attitudes and feelings before and after browsing social media sites. They found that the more time people spent on social media, the more unhappy they became. There are a number of reasons for this. When browsing social media, people often see photographs and stories showing beautiful holidays, fun parties and fashionable clothes. People seldom post negative stories or bad pictures, so it can be misleading. For those looking at these pictures and comparing them to their own lives, they can end up feeling sad and depressed. They might think their lives are worse in comparison. Even for those people who post positive(积极的) stories and pictures, they too can feel stressed and worried. The number of “likes” and comments on their posts can make them worried about their popularity. Of course, there is also the problem of “cyber bullying”(网络暴力 ) where people become victims of bullying online when others make negative or cruel comments(评论) about them. The reality is that social media is a part of modern life and it is not going to go away.  This research shows us that it is important to deal with the relationship between our online and offline lives properly. We don’t have to disconnect from the Internet to live a happy life, but we should realise that the pictures we see and stories we read are only part of a bigger picture. If we can do that, we can protect ourselves and enjoy our lives. 30．According to the passage, we know __________. A．spending more time on social media makes people more enjoyable B．researchers haven’t found anything negative about social media C．it is common for young people to share their lives online D．the world is not so connected like before 31．The words “have concerns about” in Paragraph 2 probably mean “__________”. A．feel worried about B．look forward to C．speak highly of D．get used to 32．The writer says that social media can make people unhappy because __________. A．different people make different comments B．there are many negative stories and bad pictures C．they compare positive pictures to their own lives D．the number of “likes” is larger than they expected 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To ask us to protect ourselves from “cyber bullying”. B．To advise us to keep away from the Internet to live a happy life. C．To remind us of posting positive stories and good pictures online. D．To tell us to keep a balance between our online and offline lives. 【答案】 30．C 31．A 32．C 33．D 【导语】本文介绍了当今的一种社会问题和现象，那就是社交媒体的日益流行，对人们生活的影响越来越大，作者通过写这篇文章来提醒人们要用正确的心态去对待社交媒体所展示的内容。 【详解】 30．细节理解题。根据“However, for young people today it is considered completely normal to share pictures of their lives and interact online every day.”可知，对于今天的年轻人来说，每天在网上分享生活照片和互动是完全正常的，故选C。 31．词句猜测题。根据“However, many people have concerns about the effects of this new way of living, particularly around the amount and type of information that is shared so openly”可知，随着社交媒体的日益流行，人们担心公开的信息对自己的影响，所以“have concerns about”表示“担心”，与“feel worried about”同义，故选A。 32．细节理解题。根据“For those looking at these pictures and comparing them to their own lives, they can end up feeling sad and depressed”可知，社交媒体会让人们不快乐，因为他们会把那些积极的照片跟自己的现状进行比较，故选C。 33．主旨大意题。根据“This research shows us that it is important to deal with the relationship between our online and offline lives properly”可知，本文主要目的是告诉我们要平衡好在线和离线生活之间的关系，故选D。 北京市陈经纶中学2023-2024学年九年级上学期期中英语试题 When you’re having a hard time with something, it’s natural to turn to others for help. Getting help sounds simple, but it’s not always easy to do. Sometimes certain beliefs or ways of thinking can make it hard to ask for help. Here are some kinds of attitudes that can stand in the way and ideas on how to get past them. Some people believe that needing help is a sign of weakness. Actually, it’s a sign of strength, not weakness. You know what you need and you shouldn’t be afraid to reach out for it. Once a boy told me he wanted to ask his coach how to improve his basketball skills, but he was afraid that his coach might think he shouldn’t be on the team. In fact, when he asked his coach for help, his coach thought he was practicing hard. Some other people think they don’t deserve(应该得到) help or support. Everyone needs help now and then. Accepting help can strengthen friendships and relationships. Everyone feels good when they can support a friend. For example, if you want to find out how Katy solves problems with her parents, you should ask Katy if she has time to talk and tell her how important her viewpoint is, instead of worrying that Katy is too busy to help you. When you ask for help, choose someone who listens and cares, not someone who judges or criticizes you. If you get refused, it's not because of you, but the other person. So tell yourself: If Katy says no, she might not be ready to talk about her own experiences. Another wrong attitude is waiting for someone else to make the first move. It’s not always easy for other people to see when you need help. Maybe you’re putting on a cheerful face to hide the problem. Don’t wait for someone to read your mind. You have to ask. Because it can be hard to reach out for help, don't hesitate(犹豫) to offer support to another person if you think he or she needs it. Giving and receiving help are great life skills to learn. They help us improve our abilities to understand other people. 27．In Paragraph 2, the boy was afraid to ask his coach for help because ________. A．his coach criticized him before B．his coach was too busy to help him C．he wasn’t practicing as hard as other players D．he thought it would show he was a weak player 28．What should you do if you need help? A．Be supportive to other people first. B．Be active to find a caring person to talk to. C．Try to make your friends notice what you need. D．Put on a happy face to avoid worrying other people. 29．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Asking for Help: Everyone’s Natural Ability B．Asking for Help: Getting Past Improper Attitudes C．Giving and Receiving Help: Great Skills to Learn D．Giving and Receiving Help: Strengthening Relationships 【答案】 27．D 28．B 29．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。生活中每个人都有需要寻求帮助的时候，但是有时候恰恰是我们自己阻碍了寻求帮助的道路。 【详解】 27．细节理解题。根据“Once a boy told me he wanted to ask his coach how to improve his basketball skills, but he was afraid that his coach might think he shouldn’t be on the team.”可知，男孩害怕他的教练可能认为他不应该在这个球队。故选D。 28．细节理解题。根据“When you ask for help, choose someone who listens and cares, not someone who judges or criticizes you.”可知，当你寻求帮助时，选择一个倾听和关心你的人。故选B。 29．最佳标题题。生活中每个人都有需要寻求帮助的时候，但是有时候恰恰是我们自己阻碍了寻求帮助的道路，本文建议我们摆脱不恰当的态度，勇于寻求帮助，因为给予和接受帮助是需要学习的很好的生活技能，它们帮助我们提高理解他人的能力。故选B。 How GPS Weakens Memory — and What We Can Do about It Using mobile phones to navigate (导航) has become second nature. Whether you’re heading to a new park or meeting friends at a restaurant, you just enter the address on your phone and go. Without GPS, exploring (探索) and wayfinding in new places required preparation. We had to think, check paper maps, and plan and memorize ways there. But today there is no need to think. Simply follow the turn-by-turn directions on your phone, and you’ll end up where you need to be. However, your overall sense of the place suffers. Spatial (空间的) navigation used to be a process performed by the human brain and perceptual system, but now people have surrendered it to technology. There are areas of the brain that deal with these difficult pathfinding tasks. In particular, the hippocampus is related to spatial memory, spatial navigation and mental (在脑中的) mapping. Studies show that we can exercise the hippocampus memory through exploration and spatial navigation. For example, expert navigators like London taxi drivers have larger hippocampi compared to other people.   However, when we follow a set of turn-by-turn directions, GPS navigation apps treat us as passive passengers rather than active explorers. In turn, this stops us from being able to create proper mental maps, and has an effect on the hippocampus, which is very important for brain health. While improvements in technology clearly have many benefits, we must remain mindful that technology can influence the brain. Our question is: Can we find a way to still use GPS but reduce the harmful effects on memory?   The challenge is to create other forms of GPS navigation that will remain easy enough for the general public, and at the same time, enable people to improve their spatial sense. Our research finds that properly designed audio beacons (音频信标) offer a much more active form of GPS navigation. For example, with an audio beacon at a hospital, when we are two miles away from the hospital, we can hear a sound through our phone. In recent experiments, we discover that this type of sensory navigation through audio beacons does better than turn-by-turn navigation in the creation of mental maps. We believe these results, at least in part, come from people taking a more active role in their navigation.   GPS navigation using audio beacons offers a good example that helps humans connect more deeply with reality; perhaps instead of turning into mindless robots, we will be able to become more deeply involved with humanity, our local environment, and life itself. 30．GPS weakens people’s memory because it ______. A．records the places people have been to B．offers people more than one way to a place C．takes the place of thinking process in way finding D．fails to teach people how to prepare for exploring 31．The words “have surrendered it to” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______. A．have compared it to B．have given it up to C．have learned it from D．have taken it away from 32．London taxi drivers are mentioned in Paragraph 2 to show that ______. A．GPS is not widely used in London B．the hippocampus memory can be exercised C．hard-working drivers have larger hippocampi D．active explorers are better than passive passengers 33．What can we learn from the passage? A．Turn-by-turn GPS navigation helps create mental maps. B．Audio beacons technology will be replaced in the future. C．Users’ active role should be considered in navigation technology. D．GPS navigation apps have come a long way in helping with our memory. 【答案】 30．C 31．B 32．B 33．C 【导语】文章主要讲GPS是如何削弱记忆的以及我们能够做些什么。 【详解】 30．细节理解题。根据“Without GPS, exploring and wayfinding in new places required preparation. We had to think, check paper maps, and plan and memorize ways there. But today there is no need to think. Simply follow the turn-by-turn directions on your phone, and you’ll end up where you need to be.”可知GPS削弱了人们的记忆力，因为它取代了寻路的思维过程。故选C。 31．词义猜测题。根据“Spatial navigation used to be a process performed by the human brain and perceptual system, but now people have surrendered it to technology.”可知空间导航曾经是人类大脑和感知系统完成的过程，但现在都靠GPS，人们把这一过程交给了科技，have surrendered it to意为“已经交给了”。故选B。 32．推理判断题。根据“Studies show that we can exercise the hippocampus memory through exploration and spatial navigation. For example, expert navigators like London taxi drivers have larger hippocampi compared to other people.”可知我们可以通过探索和空间导航来锻炼海马体记忆，列举伦敦出租车司机的例子是为了说明海马体记忆是可以锻炼的。故选B。 33．细节理解题。根据“We believe these results, at least in part, come from people taking a more active role in their navigation.”和“perhaps instead of turning into mindless robots, we will be able to become more deeply involved with humanity, our local environment, and life itself.”可知在导航技术中应考虑用户的主动作用。故选C。 北京市丰台区2023-2024学年九年级上学期期中英语试卷 C Eyes on Vision Two years ago, Azara Mason was having trouble seeing the board in class. An eye doctor told her she had myopia（近视）, or nearsightedness! People who are nearsighted have trouble seeing things that are far away. Azara now wears glasses when she needs them. The eye works like a camera. Light passes through a lens and is turned into images. The brain then helps us understand what they are. When people have healthy vision, their eyes focus（聚焦） light on the retina（视网膜）. When people are nearsighted, their eyes focus light in front of the retina. That makes objects that are far away look blurry. Dr Maria Liu is head of the Myopia Control Clinic at the University of California at Berkeley. She says a growing number of people have myopia, and kids are developing it at a younger age. Many studies show a rise in myopia. The National Eye Institute（NEI） found that nearsightedness among Americans grew 66% from 1971 to 2004. Experts say that by 2020, myopia could affect（影响） one third of the world’s population. Scientists link（联系） the rise in nearsightedness to an increase in near work, including computer and cell-phone use. Studies show that less time spent outdoors may also be adding to the increase. What can you do to take care of your eyes? Liu advises everyone to stay away from electronic devices（设备） and spend more time outdoors to keep eyes healthy. Screen-Free Week, from May 4 to 10, is a good time to do just that. Liu also tells patients to take a 15-minute break to look at things in the distance for every 45 minutes of near work. If you are worried about your vision, you should visit an eye-care professional. Liu often advises patients to use special contact lenses and eye drops. She says they can correct nearsightedness and slow it from progressing. Glasses and regular contact lenses improve vision but don’t have that extra benefit（益处）, she says. If you suffer（遭受） from myopia, your parents and doctor can best decide the treatment that is right for you. Azara’s mom is looking into options other than glasses. But for now, Azara continues to happily wear her glasses and clearly see the board. 27. The word “blurry” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”. A. large B. bright C. disordered D. unclear 28. What does Paragraph 6 mainly talk about? A. The treatments for myopia. B. The link between myopia and near work. C. The causes of increase in myopia. D. The electronics for studying myopia. 29. What can we learn from the passage? A. Using eyedrops can’t slow nearsightedness from progressing. B. The number of people who suffer from myopia is increasing. C. People’s eyes focus light behind the retina if they are nearsighted. D. Reading on electronic devices outdoors can help to keep eyes healthy. 【答案】27. D 28. C 29. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇短文主要讲述了近视的问题以及如何保护眼睛健康。文章提到了近视的定义和症状，以及近视的原因和增加的原因。作者还介绍了一些保护眼睛的方法，如减少使用电子设备的时间，多在户外活动，定期休息眼睛等。最后，文章提到了一些治疗近视的方法，如使用特殊隐形眼镜和眼药水。 【27题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“That makes objects that are far away look blurry.”可知，这使得远处的物体看起来模糊不清。所以划线词意为“不清晰的”。故选D。 【28题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第六段“Scientists link（联系） the rise in nearsightedness to an increase in near work, including computer and cell-phone use. Studies show that less time spent outdoors may also be adding to the increase.”可知，第六段讲的是近视增加的原因。故选C。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Dr Maria Liu is head of the Myopia Control Clinic at the University of California at Berkeley. She says a growing number of people have myopia, and kids are developing it at a younger age.”可知，患近视的人数正在增加。故选B。 D Laughter Therapy（疗法） Laughter not only provides workout for your muscles（肌肉）, it also produces endorphins（内啡肽）which help to reduce stress（压力）. What’s more, your body can’t tell the difference between real and fake（假的）laughter. The happiness you feel when you laugh is a great way of fighting the physical effects（影响）of stress. When we laugh, our body relaxes and endorphins are released（释放）into the blood stream. A Laughter Therapist’s aim is to help you laugh more easily. It starts with a warm-up followed by a lot of activities designed to get you laughing. Laughter doesn’t come easily to everyone, but luckily, it’s a skill you can learn. So faking it has the same beneficial effect. Dr Lee Berk of Loma University Medical Centre, has been doing laughter therapy research since the late 1970s. In 1989 Berk studied the effects of laughter in ten healthy males. Five experimental subjects watched an hour-long comedy while five control subjects didn’t. Blood samples taken from the ten subjects showed that cortisol（皮质醇）, the hormone（荷尔蒙）our body releases when under stress, in the experimental subjects had reduced more rapidly than in the control group. Berk’s research has also shown the number of cells that fight viruses（病毒）increases through laughter. These same cells are blocked（阻碍）if the body suffers long-term stress. The therapeutic effects of laughter have been studied since the 1970s, but Dr Madan Kataria is the one who set up the first laughter club in 1995. There are now more than 5000 laughter clubs worldwide. Laughter therapy is suitable for everyone. Elderly groups, young people in care and mental（心理的）health patients are all thought to benefit especially from laughter therapy. If you’re undecided, remember this: children laugh about 400 times a day while adults manage only 15. A laughter therapy may make you feel excited and tired at the same time. Muscle tone and cardiovascular（心血管的）functions may be improved and oxygen levels in the blood may be increased. In the long term, laughter therapy teaches us that we don’t just have to laugh when we are happy. Laughing can actually improve your mood. And it’s contagious（传染的）, so you can expect to see those around you benefiting from a good laugh too. 30．Laughter can help to reduce stress because ________. A．it comes easily to everyone B．a lot of activities can make people laugh C．real and fake laughter can both produce endorphins D．real and fake laughter can both provide workout for muscles 31．What can we learn from the study mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．Laughter blocks the cells that fight viruses. B．Laughter can help people to reduce cortisol. C．Ten experimental subjects watched the comedy. D．Dr Madan Kataria studied the effects of laughter in 1989. 32．What can we know about “laughter therapy” from the passage? A．Laughter therapy is good for our physical and mental health. B．A laughter therapy can make us feel excited for a long time. C．Elderly people benefit the most from laughter therapy. D．Laughter therapy can help us make more friends. 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To explain why people like laughter therapy. B．To introduce the benefits of laughter therapy. C．To advise people to laugh as much as possible. D．To tell the difference between real and fake laughter. 【答案】 30．C 31．B 32．A 33．C 【导语】 本文主要讲述了笑声疗法的好处和作用。笑声不仅能锻炼肌肉，还能产生内啡肽，帮助减轻压力，而且人体无法分辨真笑和假笑。笑声疗法的目标是帮助人们更容易地发笑，而且这是一种可以学习的技能。研究表明，笑声可以减少压力激素，增加抵抗病毒的细胞数量。此外，无论是老年人、年轻人还是心理健康病人，都可以从笑声疗法中受益。 【详解】 30．细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，笑能产生内啡肽，帮助人们减轻压力，而且真笑和假笑都能产生内啡肽。故选C。 31．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Blood samples taken from the ten subjects showed that cortisol（皮质醇）, the hormone（荷尔蒙）our body releases when under stress, in the experimental subjects had reduced more rapidly than in the control group.”可知，笑可以帮助人们减少皮质醇。故选B。 32．推理判断题。根据文章最后三段可知，笑声疗法适合每个人，它不仅可以改善人们的心血管功能，提高血液中的含氧量，还能改善人们的心情，有益于身心健康。故选A。 33．推理判断题。通读全文可知，这篇文章主要讲述了笑声疗法的好处和作用，目的是建议人们尽可能多地笑。故选C。 2023北京大兴初三（上）期中 C Peer tutoring (同伴导师) is one of the most helpful tools to use during your school years. Sometimes you will not have all the answers and that you may need help from time to time. There is probably no better way to get some help than that from your classmates. Peer tutors are understanding, helpful, and especially honest enough to help you out through any difficulties that you could be experiencing. Expect active criticism (批评) This will probably be the most uncomfortable part. Tutors are strict with you not because they want to be mean and ruin your existence. They simply want you to be one of the best to your best ability. The only way for them to ensure this is to be completely honest with you. Accept that you are not perfect and that you will make mistakes. Feel lucky that your peer tutor is pointing out your mistakes and giving you a chance to repair them before your teacher has a chance to fix your grades for them. Expect change You will have a changed view on your work and your method of completing it. Every tutor has a different learning style and teaching style that is unique to them, but it is up to you to use what they teach you to your best ability. If a tutor teaches you how to solve a math problem in a way that makes sense to you, but is also different from what you have learned in class, you will have to use that method because it works for you. If a tutor polishes your paper and advises you to use more active voice, you will find your work in the future to change completely. Like I mentioned, change is good. Embrace it! Expect discipline (纪律) (sometimes) Sometimes, we don’t want to push ourselves to work hard. We are human, it happens. It is nothing to be ashamed of. However, if a tutor notices that you have been slacking off (松弛), do not be surprised if they call you out on it. Your tutor wants you to use your ability to do the great things that they know you can do. Expect improvement Last but not least, expect to improve. Peer tutoring can be difficult and intimidating (令人胆怯的), but the goal is for you to improve as a student in a variety of areas. Once you practice what you have learned in the session, you will notice a great change in your grades and your learning ability. If you ask me, I think that is completely worthy of an A+. 27. According to the passage, we can know that peer tutors are ________. A. helpful and shy B. strict but patient C. understanding and honest D. creative but mean 28. What can we learn from the passage? A. Getting help from your teachers is the most important. B. A tutor’s active criticism means to be honest with you. C. We can learn the same thing in class and from the tutor. D. It’s a shame to be called out by the tutor when studying. 29. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To show us what peer tutoring is. B. To tell us how to change in our study. C To encourage us to make improvement. D. To help us benefit from peer touring. 【答案】 27. C 28. B 29. D 【导语】 本文主要介绍了同伴导师是你在校期间最有用的工具之一。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Peer tutors are understanding, helpful, and especially honest enough to help you out through any difficulties that you could be experiencing.”可知，同伴导师是善解人意和诚实的。故选C。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据“The only way for them to ensure this is to be completely honest with you.”可知，导师的主动批评，意味着对你坦诚。故选B。 【29题详解】 主旨大意题。根据“Peer tutoring (同伴导师) is one of the most helpful tools to use during your school years.…”和下文可知，本文主要介绍同伴导师是你在校期间最有用的工具之一，作者写这篇文章的目的是帮助我们从同伴导师中受益。故选D。 D Do we still need cash? The days of holding cash in our hands may be numbered. The progress of technology and the development of new electronic devices in the world change how we make payments. With a swipe (刷) of a card or a click of a mobile-phone app, our wealth goes easily at our fingertips. Happiness also arises. As digital forms are increasingly replacing cash payments, some think that we should become fully cash-free. However, I do not believe we should move towards a completely cash-free society. One of the main problems of a cashless world is the risk of being cheated and the inconvenience that follows. Lots of hacking incidents have warned us that the digital world is not completely safe. Technology experts argue that our present state of technology is unable to provide a safe cashless environment that could stop bad people from entering the system and abusing (滥用) the personal data. In addition, many online shopping sites don’t have strong safety systems that would protect their clients’ (客户) personal information. Occasionally, when an account (账户) is “locked” because of a wrong activity, having cash in hand becomes important. In a cashless society, a client would find himself locked out of his account and unable to get his money until the case is solved. Going cash-free causes great inconvenience in this case. Another reason we should not move towards becoming completely cashless is that humans might become less thrifty (节俭的). Many studies have suggested that using cash for shopping causes a psychological (心理的) pain, so people are more careful with their spending. However, payments without cash ease that psychological pain somewhat. In fact, it could make us much more reckless (草率的). Supporters of a cashless! society argue that cash-free transactions (交易) could reduce worries in society, thus benefiting the poor. However, despite this promise, we cannot choose to ignore (忽略) the fact that a large percentage of poor people in the developing world depend on cash to buy everyday goods such as rice and vegetables. It does not make economic sense to have these transactions on a network. When viewed in totally, being cashless may not be as beneficial to the poor as it is made out to be. The idea of society finally going completely cashless is a very real, even an exciting one. However, to safeguard the interests of all users, it is better to build a less-cash society rather than a completely cashless one. 30. You will most probably feel happier when you ________. A. buy your favorite shoes with cash in a store B. click you payment app on your mobile phone C. pay for your everyday goods such as rice and vegetables D. get more benefits from cash-free transactions with poor people 31. The underlined word “ease” in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to ________. A. increase B. interest C. reduce D. stop 32. The writer probably agrees that ________. A. cash-free provides people a more convenient environment B. the technology nowadays is safe enough for clients C. cashless society can stop people from abusing the data D. we should not move towards a completely cashless society 33. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? A. Is Cash-Free Society Coming? B. Is Cashless Society Really Free? C. The Benefits of Cash-Free Society. D. Cashless Society Brings us Convenience. 【答案】 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. A 【导语】本文主要讨论了是否还需要现金以及不应该走向无现金社会的原因。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据“With a swipe (刷) of a card or a click of a mobile-phone app, our wealth goes easily at our fingertips. Happiness also arises.”可知，当你点击手机上的支付应用时，你很可能会感到更开心。故选B。 【31题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“Many studies have suggested that using cash for shopping causes a psychological (心理的) pain, so people are more careful with their spending. However, payments without cash ease that psychological pain somewhat.”可知，许多研究表明，用现金购物会导致心理上的痛苦，所以人们在消费时会更加小心。然而，没有现金的支付在某种程度上减少了这种心理上的痛苦。因此划线单词的意思是“减少”，与reduce意思一致。故选C。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据“However, I do not believe we should move towards a completely cash-free society.”可知，作者会同意我们不应该走向一个完全没有现金的社会。故选D。 【33题详解】 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讨论了是否还需要现金以及不应该走向无现金社会的原因。因此文章的最佳标题是“无现金社会来了吗”。故选A。 2023北京通州初三（上）期中 C Tips to Improve English Listening Skills As an English learner, is your English listening skill progressing well? If it is still posing a problem, maybe the following tips can give you some help. First of all, remember that you are not alone. Listening comprehension is probably the most difficult task for almost all leaners of English as a foreign language. The most important thing is to listen, and that means as often as possible. When you begin to listen, do not translate into your native language. When you translate into your native language, you are taking the focus of your attention away from the speaker and concentrating (集中注意力) on the translation process taking place in your brain. Translation leads to a mental (精神的) block in your brain. It sometimes doesn’t allow you to understand anything at all. Most of people repeat themselves. Think for a moment about your friends, family, and your teachers. When they speak in their native tongue, do they repeat themselves? If they are like most people, they probably do. That means that whenever you listen to someone speaking, it is very likely that they will repeat the information, giving you a second, third or even fourth chance to understand what has been said. Use key words or key phrases to help you understand the general (大致的) ideas. If you understand “New York”, “business trip”, “last year”, you can think that the person is speaking about a business trip to New York last year. This may seem obvious (明显的，显然的) to you, but remember that understanding the general idea will help you to understand the detail (细节) as the person continues to speak. Listen for context. Let’s imagine that your English speaking friend says, “I bought this great tuner at JR’s. It was really cheap and now I can finally listen to National Public Radiobroadcasts.” You don’t understand what a tuner is, and if you focus on the word “tuner” , you might become frustrated. If you think in context, you probably will begin to understand. For example, bought is the past of buy, listen is no problem and radio is obvious. Now you understand, he bought something—the tuner—to listen to the radio. A tuner must be a kind of radio. This is a simple example but it demonstrates what you need to focus on. Not the word that you don’t understand, but the words you do understand. 27. According to the passage, what is a possible way to understand the general ideas? A. To know the key information. B. To get more detailed information. C. To understand all the information. D. To remember the repetitive information. 28. What can we learn from the passage? A. Translating creates a road between the listener and the speaker. B. It is difficult to get the key information while listening to the materials. C. It is useless to make a prediction about the words people don’t understand. D. Saying what has been said again can help people understand the information. 29. The word “demonstrates” in Paragraph 6 probably means “__________” . A. creates continuously B. shows clearly C. keeps it a secret of D. studies carelessly on 【答案】 27. A 28. D 29. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了提高英语听力的技巧。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Use key words or key phrases to help you understand the general ideas.”可知，通过使用关键词或关键短语来帮助理解大意。故选A。 【28题详解】 细节理解题，根据第四段“That means that whenever you listen to someone speaking, it is very likely that they will repeat the information, giving you a second, third or even fourth chance to understand what has been said.”可知，重复信息则会给你多次机会去理解他们说的话，所以重复已经说过的话可以帮助人们理解信息。故选D。 【29题详解】 词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Not the word that you don’t understand, but the words you do understand.”可知，你需要关注的内容不是你不懂的词，而是你懂的词，此处表示“清晰地展示”，demonstrate表示“证明”。故选B。 D When we think of communication, we usually think not of touch but of speech. This is because language itself happens primarily over the auditory (听力的，听觉的) channel. Since sound travels more than four times faster in water (1,480 meters per second) than in air (343 meters per second), it’s no surprise that a huge number of animals in the ocean also use sound as an efficient means of communication. The low-frequency sounds produced by larger whales can travel tens of thousands of miles underwater. Many species (物种) of fish use sound for communication. The ocean is full of animals using the auditory channel for communication, but this may be changing. Because of human-made noise, the ocean sounds very different than it did millions of years ago. In our searching for both understanding and having communication with ocean species, we have become our own worst enemy. Ship noise and wind farms, all these activities are creating the loud and unpleasant sound in the ocean. Too much noise makes it difficult for fish to avoid enemies or for whales to hear those low-frequency calls as they now must compete with the noise of shipping traffic. Jason Bruck and other researchers have focused their attention on the dolphins communication and the problem of ocean noise. They are looking at how even seemingly minimal (极小的) amounts of background noise might make it difficult not only for dolphins to communicate with each other but also to pay long enough attention to learning new skills. Paige Stevens is studying the ways in which noise affects dolphins to learn living abilities. Just as we see in humans, background noise may make it difficult for dolphins to focus on the task at hand. Stevens’ research could show that it’s getting so loud in the ocean that dolphins might be losing their abilities to think clearly enough to live a normal life. Humans feel a strong pull to communicate with ocean animals. And we have enough in common with most species in terms of (就……而言) shared communication channels to make this possible, even if it’s just a soft touch. It’s good to want to have communication with our favorite ocean species, but unless we find a way to turn down the volume, we won’t ever hear what they might want to tell us. 30. What do you know about the sound? A. Sound travels faster in air than in water. B. There is little loud sound in the deep ocean. C. Some ocean animals use sound to communicate. D. Human-made noise is good for some of the ocean animals. 31. Paige Stevens probably agrees that __________. A. animals like using language to communicate B. people make some ocean noise to study the animals C. people should stop communicating with ocean species D. the background noise can keep dolphins from living normally 32. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Living in the Ocean B. From the Ocean to the Land C. Animal Communication D. Communication in the Deep 33. What is the writer’s main purpose of writing this passage? A. To tell us some ways to talk to animals. B. To call on people to reduce noise in the ocean. C. To introduce the communication way between human and ocean species. D. To encourage people to do more researches on communication in the ocean. 【答案】 30. C 31. D 32. D 33. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了许多鱼类利用声音进行交流，但是由于人类制造的噪音，海洋的声音与数百万年前大不相同，文章旨在号召人们减少海洋中的噪音。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Many species (物种) of fish use sound for communication.”可知许多鱼类利用声音进行交流。故选C。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Stevens’ research could show that it’s getting so loud in the ocean that dolphins might be losing their abilities to think clearly enough to live a normal life.”可知海洋中的声音越来越大，海豚可能正在失去清晰思考的能力，无法过上正常的生活，即背景噪音会使海豚无法正常生活。故选D。 【32题详解】 最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了许多鱼类利用声音进行交流，但是由于人类制造的噪音，海洋的声音与数百万年前大不相同，文章旨在号召人们减少海洋中的噪音，以选项D“深海沟通”为标题最合适。故选D。 【33题详解】 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了许多鱼类利用声音进行交流，但是由于人类制造的噪音，海洋的声音与数百万年前大不相同，文章旨在号召人们减少海洋中的噪音。故选B。 2023- 2024 学年第一学期昌平区融合学区（第三组） 初三年级期中质量抽测 C New Technology: Carbon Capture（捕获） To reduce CO2 in the air, the European Union has set up strict regulations (法规) over the past few years, and most European car companies have begun to move to electric vehicle（交通工具） production under the new regulations. However, their efforts are far from enough. Planting trees can cut down CO2 in the air, but just doing this isn’t enough to deal with climate change. Now one way discussed widely is carbon capture. It refers to the technology that can protect the earth against climate change by cutting down CO2 in the air. Carbon capture technology is used to collect CO2 that is given off by factories. For example, it can be fitted to coal-burning power stations and factories to capture the CO2 before it is given off by factories. The captured CO2 can then be liquefied（液化） and stored underground. Besides, the technology can also be used to collect the CO2 that has already gone into the air. Then how can we deal with the CO2 we capture? Proper utilization is truly important. It can not only help create markets for this new technology, but also make it cheaper for companies to use. Nowadays, CO2 is used in greenhouses to grow vegetables. CO2 can even be used to make useful products, such as plastics, building materials, and plants. Carbon capture is considered to be quite helpful. However, there are many problems on the way. There’s 50 billion tons of carbon going out into the air from cars and factories every year. But even a great number of carbon capture machines now can capture only a few dozens of tons of it. The thickness of CO2, in the open air is about 300 times less than that in the power stations or factories, making it much less efficient to capture CO2. Because of this, carbon capture machines are very expensive today. So, it’s hard to make a real difference in fighting climate change now. But it will be improved quickly and will become cheaper and more efficient. It is like the mobile phones which were expensive and difficult to use 20 years ago. But now mobile phones have been greatly improved. 27. What can carbon capture technology be used for? A. Helping protect trees widely. B. Cutting down CO2 in the air. C. Studying the condition of the air. D. Checking signs of climate change. 28. What does the underlined word “utilization” refer to? A. Storing CO2 B. Collecting CO2 C. Using CO2 D. Producing CO2 29. What can we know from the passage? A. The market for CO2 products is growing fast. B. Carbon capture technology hasn’t been widely used. C. The cost of fixing the carbon capture machines is high. D. There is more CO2 in the open air than that in factories. 【答案】 27. B 28. C 29. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了新技术——碳捕获技术。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据“It refers to the technology that can protect the earth against climate change by cutting down CO2 in the air.”可知，该技术通过减少空气中的二氧化碳来保护地球免受气候变化影响。故选B。 【28题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“Then how can we deal with the CO2 we capture? Proper utilization is truly important”可知，我们如何处理我们捕获的二氧化碳呢？正确利用确实很重要，故此处划线部分意为“使用CO2”。故选C。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据“But even a great number of carbon capture machines now can capture only a few dozens of tons of it”以及“Because of this, carbon capture machines are very expensive today. So, it’s hard to make a real difference in fighting climate change now. But it will be improved quickly and will become cheaper and more efficient”可知，即使是大量的碳捕获机器也只能捕获几十吨二氧化碳，但是如今的碳捕获机器非常昂贵，很难在应对气候变化方面做出真正的改变，但它会很快得到改善，变得更便宜、更高效，由此可推知这项技术还未广泛应用。故选B。 D Success is a state of happiness or satisfaction with one’s achievements and qualities. It is freedom of time, freedom of money, and freedom of passion. This level of success makes you more productive for society and creates the ability to give back to the community. What’s interesting is that most successful people have very similar qualities. The more qualities you have in common, the higher your chances for being wildly successful. Those who have become successful have these qualities: ●Clear Aim Successful people know what they want clearly and they follow their own dream. It is this sense of direction that gives them the staying power to stick to their goals and achieve their dreams. ●Focused People who experience success know how to concentrate. They realize that they cannot do everything and they focus on the activities that will give them the highest return on the goals they want to achieve. They know that the fastest way to finish their to-do’s is doing them one at a time. ●Masters of Time Successful people are successful because they get a lot done. The only way to do that is by making the most out of the 24 hours we all get. Extraordinary people value their time and see the direct connection between how they spend their time and their energy. ●Confident This is what helps successful people take action. Like the chicken and the egg situation, in which you do not know which of two connected events is the cause of the other. Confidence helps you achieve your goals which in turn makes you more confident. A great way to be confident is remembering your past successes and overcoming your fear of failure. Signs of confidence include understanding that the first time you do something is always the hardest and then it will get easier. ●Self-Control Successful people rarely lose control. They don’t go into panics or blind anger. They have learned to control their emotions and put themselves in a resourceful state. They understand that they can’t change other people or what’s happening to them but they can change how they react to it and how they feel about it. Another sign of self-control is doing what you’re supposed to do despite how you feel about it. So where do you stand? I hope you have either made sure many of your own qualities or have created action plans to develop the qualities you are lacking. Focus on developing one or two qualities at a time. Once your beliefs and actions are lined with those of a successful person, you’ll be amazed by how successful you become. 30. According to the paragraph 1, the writer makes the term “success” clear to the reader by _________. A. sorting items B. giving suggestions C. giving explanations D. making a comparison 31. The writer takes the chicken and the egg as an example in Paragraph 5 to _________. A. stress the meaning and the importance of confidence B. explain the relationship between confidence and success C. prove the importance of confidence for successful people D. analyze the relation between achieving goals and success 32. The writer probably agrees that _________. A. successful people usually make full use of their time B. successful people can do many things at the same time C. Controlling other people’s emotions is an important skill D. The more dreams you have, the bright future you’ll have 33. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Master Your Success B. Qualities Matter a Lot C. Similar Qualities—Different Successes D Same Beliefs—More Likely to Succeed 【答案】 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. A 【导语】本文主要介绍了成功需要具备的品质。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Success is a state of happiness or satisfaction with one’s achievements and qualities. It is freedom of time, freedom of money, and freedom of passion. This level of success makes you more productive for society and creates the ability to give back to the community.”（成功是一种对自己的成就和品质感到高兴或满意的状态。它是时间的自由，金钱的自由和激情的自由。这种程度的成功使你对社会更有生产力，并创造了回馈社会的能力。）可知，作者通过解释让读者明白“成功”这个词。故选C。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Like the chicken and the egg situation, in which you do not know which of two connected events is the cause of the other. Confidence helps you achieve your goals which in turn makes you more confident. ”（就像鸡和蛋的情况一样，你不知道两个相连的事件中哪一个是另一个的原因。自信可以帮助你实现目标，而目标又会让你更加自信。）可知作者在第5段中以鸡和蛋为例来解释自信和成功之间的关系。故选B。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据“The only way to do that is by making the most out of the 24 hours we all get. Extraordinary people value their time and see the direct connection between how they spend their time and their energy.”可知成功的人会充分利用好自己的时间，故选A。 【33题详解】 最佳标题题。根据“The more qualities you have in common, the higher your chances for being wildly successful. Those who have become successful have these qualities”可知本文主要介绍了成功需要具备的品质，选项A“掌握你的成功”为最佳标题，故选A。 北京市海淀区2022-2023学年九年级上学期期中考试英语试题 C From football to volleyball, “ball” is part of the sport’s name in many cases. However, if you watch an ice hockey game for the first time, you will probably notice that, unlike many sports, there’s no ball. In ice hockey, it’s all about the puck: the little round black object that flies around the ice. As two teams skate rapidly on the ice, they fight with sticks to get the puck into the net. They skate so fast and shoot the puck with such force that it’s almost impossible to keep track of it. Hockey pucks are flat and round. Made of black rubber, they are about 7.62 centimeters across and 2.54 centimeters thick. Each puck weighs about 170 grams. Have you ever seen a hockey puck up close? If so, you’ve probably noticed that there are raised patterns on the edge of the puck. A completely smooth puck would be hard to shoot. The raised patterns give the hockey stick something to hold onto when a player takes a shot. The hockey puck first appeared in 1875, though it’s unclear who actually invented it. Experts believe the first hockey puck was likely just a rubber ball cut in half. This provided players with an object with a flat side that would slide（滑行）across the ice. Today, hockey pucks are only made in four countries: Canada, Russia, China, and the Czech Republic. At large factories, workers mix rubber with a special material first. Next, they add carbon black to the mixture. Then, they pour the mixture into a mold（模具）and press it. After that, special logos can be added to each side through a step called silk screening. About 5,000 logoed pucks can be made in a week. Hockey pucks are really cool. They are kept frozen so that they slide on the ice and don’t bounce（弹跳）around. Once the players tie their ice skates, they’re off running after the puck, which can reach speeds of up to 160 kilometers per hour or more! 40. The expression “keep track of” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A. follow B. collect C. lead D. cross 41. What can we learn from the passage? ________ A. It takes four steps to produce a logoed puck. B. The first hockey puck was a round rubber ball. C. The pucks are kept frozen to bounce around the ice. D. Raised patterns make it hard for players to take shots. 42. Which of the following could be the best title of the passage? ________ A. Slide on the Ice with Pucks B. Get to Know All about Pucks C. Have Fun Playing Ice Hockey D. Take a Close Look at Ice Hockey 【答案】 40. A 41. A 42. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了关于冰球的历史、制作方式以及冰球的规则等。 【40题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“They skate so fast and shoot the puck with such force”可知，他们滑得那么快，投冰球的力量如此之大。因此可以推测，几乎不可能跟上它。所以“keep track of”的意思相当于“follow”。故选A。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据“At large factories, workers mix rubber with a special material first. Next, they add carbon black to the mixture. Then, they pour the mixture into a mold（模具）and press it. After that, special logos can be added to each side through a step called silk screening.”可知，在大型工厂，工人们首先将橡胶与一种特殊材料混合。接下来，他们在混合物中加入炭黑。然后，他们将混合物倒入模具模具，并进行挤压。之后，通过一个叫做丝印的步骤，可以在每一面添加特殊的标识。可见，制作一个有标识的冰球需要四个步骤。选项A“制作有标志的冰球需要四个步骤。”表述是正确的。故选A。 【42题详解】 标题归纳题。根据“However, if you watch an ice hockey game for the first time, you will probably notice that, unlike many sports, there’s no ball.”可知，然而，如果你第一次观看冰球比赛，你可能会注意到，与许多其他运动不同的是，冰球没有球。以及下文对冰球的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了关于冰球的情况。选项B“了解冰球的一切”符合题意。故选B。 D Close your eyes. Try to bring back a memory of taking an exam in your worst subject with your strictest teacher. Probably you remember looking at the paper, feeling you didn’t know any of the answers. Your heart was beating fast...Not surprisingly, you think of that experience as all bad, a long-lasting discomfort. But maybe it didn’t have to be that way. A paper in Nature reports that a one-time online mindset exercise（思维模式训练）improved the way young people thought about stressful events and their uncomfortable responses（反应）. The exercise is based on two mindsets: first, ability is not fixed but can be improved with effort and support; second, body responses to stress can be helpful. As students work through the exercise themselves, they read information about how the brain builds on experience and how the body uses stress——a fast-beating heart sends more blood to the brain to help you think. The exercise also suggests ways to succeed in stressful situations, and it asks students to write about what they might do differently next time. Researchers invited thousands of high school and college students to take the exercise. The findings show that this exercise appears to be able to change our understanding of the world around us and our responses to it. Compared with those who didn’t take the exercise, students who took part thought about stress differently, turning it into a way of energizing the motivation（激活动力）to achieve a goal. What’s more, the exercise changed their body responses for the better, preparing the body to respond to events as a challenge rather than a threat（威胁）. “Difficulty and struggle are your friends,” says Christopher Bryan, a social psychologist and one of the researchers. “Those experiences don’t feel good in the moment, but it’s the path anyone who became truly excellent at anything had to travel.” The exercise could be put into further use. It could be specially made for athletes or office workers in the future. Once it has been fully tested, the exercise could be ready for use in high schools and colleges nationwide. The researchers don’t just want young people to rethink about stress; they want adults to rethink about young people. “Our studies suggest that we might not teach young people that they are too weak to get over difficulties but that we might, instead, provide them with resources and guidance so that young people can show their skills and creativity in dealing with big problems,” they write in the paper. 43. According to Paragraph 2, the mindset exercise may help you ________. A. forget about your stressful moments B. find ways to slow down your heartbeat C. record what you have been through before D. understand how the brain builds on experience 44. What can we learn about the exercise? A. It is now helping teenagers nationwide. B. It is especially helpful to office workers. C. It aims to help teenagers get better grades. D. It can change students’ responses to events. 45. The writer would probably agree that ________. A. difficulties are part of growth for young people B. motivation plays the key role in achieving a goal C. teenagers are too weak to get through difficulties D. adults should show their skills and creativity first 46. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To question the influence of stress. B. To explain the importance of stress. C. To introduce a way to look at stress. D. To compare two mindsets about stress. 【答案】 43. D 44. D 45. A 46. C 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种看待压力的方法。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据“As students work through the exercise themselves, they read information about how the brain builds on experience and how the body uses stress——a fast-beating heart sends more blood to the brain to help you think”可知，当学生们自己做练习的时候，他们会读到关于大脑是如何建立在经验的基础上，以及身体如何利用压力的信息——快速跳动的心脏会向大脑输送更多的血液来帮助你思考。故可知，心态练习可以帮助你理解大脑是如何建立在经验之上的。故选D。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据“The findings show that this exercise appears to be able to change our understanding of the world around us and our responses to it”和“What’s more, the exercise changed their body responses for the better, preparing the body to respond to events as a challenge rather than a threat（威胁）”可知，这种练习似乎能够改变我们对周围世界的理解和我们对它的反应，并且这项运动使他们的身体反应变得更好，让身体做好应对挑战而不是威胁的准备。故选D。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据“‘Difficulty and struggle are your friends,’...‘Those experiences don’t feel good in the moment, but it’s the path anyone who became truly excellent at anything had to travel.’”可知，困难和奋斗是你的朋友并且这些经历在当时感觉并不好，但这是任何真正在任何领域变得优秀的人必须走过的道路，故可推测出，作者赞成困难是年轻人成长的一部分。故选A。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种看待压力的方法。故选C。 北京市北京师范大学附属实验中学2022-2023学年九年级上学期期中英语试题 C Reading Habits in Transition Most experts agree that the Internet has totally changed how we read, think, and remember things. However, whether this transition (转变) has had a good or bad effect is still unknown. There is proof that we are reading fewer books, especially non-fiction (纪实文学). Let’s say you need medical advice or cooking instructions. Who wants to buy a 300-page book when you can find a 300-word article on the Internet about the same subject? It’s easier to read, it’s free, and it’s a lot faster. However, we are, in fact, reading a lot more overall. In addition to our offline reading, we read online throughout the day as we check our smart phones, surf the Internet, visit social media sites, and catch up on our e-mail. We also do a lot more skimming (略读) and scanning (细读) on the Internet than we do when we read physical books or magazines and newspapers. Before there was an Internet, people spent a lot of time taking notes in libraries. Today, you can just simply bookmark any page and return to it easily. However, many argue that online information sources often have mistakes and can’t be trusted, so we need to be more careful when we use them. Some think that the Internet has made it more difficult to focus on one task without getting interrupted by other things. We are continually interrupted by updates from social media websites and e-mail messages. We follow links (链接) to other websites where we find more links to other websites and jump from topic to topic. We also get a lot of junk (垃圾)—for example, news about famous people and advertisements about products we don’t want or need. Some consider what we read on the Internet to be junk, while others see many. advantages in the reading we do on the Internet. Some argue that reading on the Internet is like exercise for the brain, making it easier for us to deal with interruption and think clearly as we learn to make choices that work for us. In a recent study, a lot of people agreed that our use of the Internet has actually made us smarter. If you grew up with the Internet, that’s very good news, in fact. 27．How has the Internet changed the way we read? A．It makes people read more in their daily life. B．It offers a chance for people to skim and scan. C．It makes people choose books over articles. D．It offers more fictions for people to share. 28．Internet has made it more difficult to focus on one task because_________. A．there are links for shopping connected with the task B．the right information is normally hidden among junk C．various unneeded information often take people’s attention away D．people need to follow different links to get the right information 29．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To question about the sources of online information. B．To discuss the problems of reading on the Internet. C．To state opinions on the effect of reading online. D．To stress the importance of reading non-fiction. 【答案】 27．A 28．C 29．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了从线下阅读到互联网阅读的转型期的阅读习惯的相关情况。 【详解】 27．细节理解题。根据“However, we are, in fact, reading a lot more overall.”可知，人们的总体阅读量更多了。故选A。 28．细节理解题。根据“Some think that the Internet has made it more difficult to focus on one task without getting interrupted by other things...We also get a lot of junk (垃圾)—for example, news about famous people and advertisements about products we don’t want or need.”可知，人们很难专注在一件事情上是因为被其它事情打断。故选C。 29．主旨大意题。根据“Most experts agree that the Internet has totally changed how we read, think, and remember things. However, whether this transition (转变) has had a good or bad effect is still unknown.”，“Some think that the Internet has made it more difficult ...”和“Some consider what we read on the Internet to be junk...”可知，作者认为互联网阅读带给人们的影响的好坏是未知的，并列举不同人的观点，因此作者的写作目的是就互联网阅读的效果发表意见。故选C。 D Say you’re sitting around with some friends playing video games and someone mentions a game that happens to be one of your favorites. “Oh, that game’s easy. So not worth the time,” one of your friends says. The others agree. Although you enjoy the game quite a lot, not wanting to argue with them, you go along with the crowd. You have just experienced what is commonly referred to as peer (同伴) pressure, also called peer influence. You will adopt a certain type of behavior, dress, or attitude in order to be accepted as part of a group of your “peers”. As a teen, you are likely to have experienced the effect of peer pressure in a number of different areas. We are all influenced by our peers at any age. For teens, as school and other activities take you away from home, you may spend more time with your friends than with your family. As you become more independent, your peers naturally play a greater role in your life. According to Dr. Casey from Cornell University, teens are very quick and accurate in making decisions on their own and in situations where they have time to think. However, when they make decisions in the heat of the moment or in social situations, their decisions are often influenced by factors like peers. In a recent study, teen volunteers played a video driving game, either alone or with friends watching. The researchers discovered that the number of risks teens took more than doubled when their friends were watching, compared with when they played alone. This shows that teens may find it more difficult to control risky behavior when their friends are around, or in situations where they are extremely angry. Just as people can influence us to make unwise choices, they can also influence us to make good ones. A teen might join in a volunteer project because his or her friends are doing it, or get good grades because his or her friends think getting good grades is important. In fact, friends often encourage each other to study, or try out for sports. While we are always influenced by those around us, the decision to act or not is up to us. So, when it comes to decision making, the choice is up to you. 30．What can we learn from the passage? A．Teens are eager to be different from their peers. B．Peer pressure has effects on both teens and adults. C．Peer pressure does more harm than good to teens. D．Teens think it challenging to get good grades at school. 31．The words “in the heat of the moment” in Paragraph 4 probably mean ________. A．when teens avoid possible risks B．when teens trust their judgment C．when teens lose control over their anger D．when teens give consideration to situations 32．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Peer Pressure: Is It Necessary to Deal with It? B．Peer Pressure: Is It Possible to Get Away from It? C．Peer Pressure: Its Benefits to Teens and Friend Making D．Peer Pressure: Its Influence on Teens and Decision Making 【答案】 30．B 31．C 32．D 【导语】本文谈论的是同伴压力对青少年的影响，尤其是对青少年做决定的影响。 【详解】 30．细节理解题。根据“We are all influenced by our peers at any age.”可知，我们在任何年龄都会受到同龄人的影响。选项B“同伴压力对青少年和成年人都有影响”表述正确，故选B。 31．词句猜测题。根据“According to Dr. Casey from Cornell University, teens are very quick and accurate in making decisions on their own and in situations where they have time to think.”可知，在依靠自己或者有时间可以思考的情况下，青少年会又快又准确地做出决定。结合后面的however一词，可知后面的与之相反的情况，即“当青少年无法控制自己的愤怒时”的情况。故选C。 32．标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了同伴压力对任何年龄段都有影响，特别讲述了它对青少年的决定影响和行为的影响。选项D“同伴压力：对青少年和决策的影响”符合主题，故选D。 北京市第八中学2022-2023学年九年级上学期期中英语试题 C When you’re having a hard time with something, it’s natural to turn to others for help. Getting help sounds simple, but it’s not always easy to do. Sometimes certain beliefs or ways of thinking can make it hard to ask for help. Here are some kinds of attitudes that can stand in the way and ideas on how to get past them. Some people believe that needing help is a sign of weakness. Actually, it’s a sign of strength, not weakness. You know what you need and you shouldn’t be afraid to reach out for it. Once a boy told me he wanted to ask his coach how to improve his basketball skills, but he was afraid that his coach might think he shouldn’t be on the team. In fact, when he asked his coach for help, his coach thought he was practicing hard. Some other people think they don’t deserve(应该得到) help or support. Everyone needs help now and then. Accepting help can strengthen friendships and relationships. Everyone feels good when they can support a friend. For example, if you want to find out how Katy solves problems with her parents, you should ask Katy if she has time to talk and tell her how important her viewpoint is, instead of worrying that Katy is too busy to help you. When you ask for help, choose someone who listens and cares, not someone who judges or criticizes you. If you get refused, it's not because of you, but the other person. So tell yourself: If Katy says no, she might not be ready to talk about her own experiences. Another wrong attitude is waiting for someone else to make the first move. It’s not always easy for other people to see when you need help. Maybe you’re putting on a cheerful face to hide the problem. Don’t wait for someone to read your mind. You have to ask. Because it can be hard to reach out for help, don't hesitate(犹豫) to offer support to another person if you think he or she needs it. Giving and receiving help are great life skills to learn. They help us improve our abilities to understand other people. 27．In Paragraph 2, the boy was afraid to ask his coach for help because ________. A．his coach criticized him before B．his coach was too busy to help him C．he wasn’t practicing as hard as other players D．he thought it would show he was a weak player 28．What should you do if you need help? A．Be supportive to other people first. B．Be active to find a caring person to talk to. C．Try to make your friends notice what you need. D．Put on a happy face to avoid worrying other people. 29．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Asking for Help: Everyone’s Natural Ability B．Asking for Help: Getting Past Improper Attitudes C．Giving and Receiving Help: Great Skills to Learn D．Giving and Receiving Help: Strengthening Relationships 【答案】 27．D 28．B 29．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。生活中每个人都有需要寻求帮助的时候，但是有时候恰恰是我们自己阻碍了寻求帮助的道路。 【详解】 27．细节理解题。根据“Once a boy told me he wanted to ask his coach how to improve his basketball skills, but he was afraid that his coach might think he shouldn’t be on the team.”可知，男孩害怕他的教练可能认为他不应该在这个球队。故选D。 28．细节理解题。根据“When you ask for help, choose someone who listens and cares, not someone who judges or criticizes you.”可知，当你寻求帮助时，选择一个倾听和关心你的人。故选B。 29．最佳标题题。生活中每个人都有需要寻求帮助的时候，但是有时候恰恰是我们自己阻碍了寻求帮助的道路，本文建议我们摆脱不恰当的态度，勇于寻求帮助，因为给予和接受帮助是需要学习的很好的生活技能，它们帮助我们提高理解他人的能力。故选B。 D This high school term was supposed to be easier. That is the thought in my mind —after all, this is the first term that I’m taking less than 20 credits（学分）, and I’m enjoying all of my classes. However, this term has felt the most difficult and my grades are much worse than they were when I was taking two more classes. I couldn’t blame（怪罪） it on the fact that I’ve been busy working in several school clubs and practicing for a school musical several times a week. Actually, it is important that I don’t overlook（忽视） that because it wouldn’t be fair to myself to say it doesn’t play a part in my low grades. However, it’s clearly not the only reason. In fact, study has never been easy for me. I thought that putting in more effort would change things, but it hasn’t. The exam I studied for hours on comes back a failure. I fall asleep while working on homework and forget to hand it in. I sit in class taking lots of notes, and when I look back at them to do my homework, it all reads as gibberish. I start to realize that maybe some of the work I do is just hard. I’m learning that it’s okay not l0 be the best at the work that you do. When you’re used to being naturally good, it’s hard to realize that throwing the same amount of effort at something that is more difficult won’t just automatically（自动地） work. However, we shouldn’t feel bad about that. Even though we’re here for learning, there are so many things to spend our time on. I think of the things I want as all having a price, and the amount that I would like to pay at any given time changes, as does the price. It’s not to say that you should stop working hard, but it’s good to keep in mind that sometimes the price just might be too high for you at a given time. You don’t have to do everything perfectly, even if it looks easy, and you’re allowed to deal with knowledge that just doesn’t make sense to you. This is the time to learn how to keep on keeping on. We will be the best of ourselves once we learn that being our best isn’t a precondition to learning. 30．What was probably the writer’s expectation for her term? A．To take more classes and get better grades. B．To live an easier school life and enjoy the classes. C．To give up some clubs to have more time to study. D．To experience a challenging term and get perfect marks. 31．What does the underlined word “gibberish” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Something funny. B．Something boring. C．Something difficult to remember. D．Something impossible to understand. 32．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．People will pay a higher price if they stop working. B．People have to ask for help if they want to learn well. C．People can’t always make something possible by working hard. D．People shouldn’t give up their goals even though they feel bad. 33．The writer would probably agree ________. A．we shouldn’t take part in school activities B．we should perform perfectly when our work is easy C．we shouldn’t study things that don’t make sense to us D．we should know how to keep going in the face of challenges 【答案】 30．B 31．D 32．C 33．D 【导语】本文主要分析了作者成绩下降的原因，以及作者意识到要承认自己的不完美，做最好的自己就好。 【详解】 30．推理判断题。根据第一段“This high school term was supposed to be easier. That is the thought in my mind —after all, this is the first term that I’m taking less than 20 credits, and I’m enjoying all of my classes.”可知，我以为这个高中学期本该轻松些，毕竟这是我第一个学分不足20学分的学期，我很享受我的所有课程。由此可推断作者对这学期的期望是过轻松的学校生活，享受课堂。故选B。 31．词义猜测题。划线词所在句意为：我坐在课堂上做很多笔记，当我回过头来做作业时，这些笔记读起来都是_______；下文“I start to realize that maybe some of the work I do is just hard.”表示“我开始意识到，也许我做的一些工作是很难”。由此可推测划线单词的含义为“无法理解的东西”。故选D。 32．细节推理题。根据第四段“When you’re used to being naturally good, it’s hard to realize that throwing the same amount of effort at something that is more difficult won’t just automatically work.”可知，当你习惯了天生的好，就很难意识到在更难的事情上投入同样的努力不会自动奏效。由此可从本段明白一个道理：我们知道人们不可能总是通过努力来实现某些事情。故选C。 33．推理判断题。最后一段告诉了我们一个道理：你不必把每件事都做得完美无缺，即使它看起来很简单，你也可以处理那些对你来说毫无意义的知识，现在是学习如何坚持的时候了，一旦我们知道做到最好并不是学习的先决条件，我们就会成为最好的自己。由此可推断出作者可能同意的观点是“我们应该知道如何在挑战面前继续前$$