专题04 阅读理解之说明文及议论文-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中真题分类汇编（天津专用）

专题04 阅读理解之说明文及议论文 说明文 1.(2023-2024学年上学期.天津滨海新区塘沽第一中学.高一期中) After entering high school, you may find there are many clubs at your school. You may think you’re too busy to join one. But as a former high school student,I can tell you joining a school club can greatly benefit you. Your old friends may have left you after entering high school.  And it means you need to meet new people. Joining a club allows you to talk with others and find those who have similar interests as you. Based on my experience, I have met some of my best friends from club activities,which opened up many new doors for me. Another really nice thing about joining a club is that it looks really good on your applications (申请书). Trying new things is something that looks really good on any application. Outgoing is considered a very good quality which shows that you are determined and willing to put yourself out there and best of all try new things. What’s more, it can help you develop skills that can serve you during future college interviews. Besides, joining a club can make students use their free time wisely. Most teens go to schools, then go back home and spend the rest of the day in front of a screen. Teens are also very likely to fall into the wrong crowd, which could lead to some bad results. Clubs are good places to spend time with good people to fall back on. The most important reason why you should join a club is the long­term benefits it brings. The classroom isn’t the only learning environment in a school. The skills you learn in clubs are necessary ones that can be used in everyday life, which I think is the final goal of joining a club. Things such as meeting and speaking to new people,making the most of time,and being organized are those you will meet every single day of your life, but you can learn all of them in clubs. So if you haven’t joined a school club yet,you know what you should do now. 41．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “ benefit” in paragraph 1.? A．be good for B．support C．make use of D．cheer up 42．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．Friends should share common interest. B．Joining a club helps one make friends. C．Joining a club benefits one’s mental health. D．Friends may leave each other sooner or later. 43．In the author’s opinion,what’s the greatest benefit of joining a club? A．Developing new hobbies. B．Meeting different people. C．Gaining useful life skills. D．Making use of your free time. 44．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To give tips on making new friends. B．To show ways to set up school clubs. C．To teach students to enjoy a better school life. D．To encourage high school students to join a club. 45．In which section of a magazine,may this text appear? A．Health. B．School life. C．Culture. D．Social work. 2.(2023-2024学年上学期.天津市部分区.高一期中) Forget drinking countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of looking young is simply to stay out of sun. A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those who avoided the sun’s rays looked up to 20 years younger than they actually are. However, other supposed rules for a youthful complexion (肤色), from drinking lots of water to sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to hold back the hands of time. Only keeping out of the sun, and wearing sunscreen when this wasn’t possible, made a difference, the American Academy of Dermatology’s annual conference will hear today. The finding comes from a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about (调查) their lives, including whether they were sun-loves. When researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital in the US guessed how old the women were, they found those who took care in the sun tended to have aged more slowly. Researcher Dr. Alexa Kimball said the popular belief that we drink lots of water to stay healthy is false and previous research by the British Nutrition Foundation reached a similar conclusion. It isn’t clear why the women who slept well didn’t have younger-looking skin. But it may be that the question they were asked was too narrow and didn’t consider their long-term sleep patterns. 46．Which way can help women stay younger according to the study? A．Drinking plenty of water. B．Having a good sleep. C．Taking exercise regularly. D．Keeping out of the sun. 47．How did the researcher get the finding? A．By interviewing 231 women face to face. B．By comparing the new research with the previous ones. C．From the results of some quizzes. D．Through the result of different games. 48．Why does sleeping well fail to make people look young? A．Because most people don’t sleep long enough. B．Because most people have wrong sleep patterns. C．Because most people lack of sleep. D．It’s unknown yet now. 49．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To introduce a good way to make women look younger. B．To explain how scientists carried out the research. C．To prove people’s previous ideas are true. D．To persuade women to change their long-term sleep patterns. 50．The passage is most probably taken from ______. A．a school textbook B．a reference book C．a science fiction D．a science paper 3. (2023-2024学年上学期.天津市河北区.高一期中) Beer and eggs are commonly seen in the kitchen. However, scientists recently found that they were used in historic paintings, too. To preserve Danish paintings, a group of researchers studied what was the composition of ancient paint or what it was made of. They did experiments on small pieces of paintings that had already been cut off from the original artwork. According to their paper published in Science-Advances, grains and yeast (酵母) were found on the base of the paintings. Beer was the most common drink in the 19th century in Denmark, and its by-products were spent (用过已废的) grains and yeast. The study showed that they were used to provide a stable painting surface. Researchers also pointed out that beer by-product was used as a “glue” because it had a lot of sugar. With beer added, the paint can also dry faster. Apart from beer, egg has long been found in oil-based paints used by artists in the 15th century, such as Italian painter Leonardo da Vinci. A recent study published in Nature Communications may have “cracked” the secret of how eggs can help preserve artworks. The researchers re-created the ancient paint by adding egg yolks (蛋黄) to oil paint. They then looked into how it changed over time. The findings showed that the proteins in the yolk helped to slow down the oxidation (氧化) of the paint and reduce wrinkling (皱褶) as the egg makes the paint more smooth. However, the oil paint with added egg usually takes longer to dry. It seemed fine for artists. They were willing to accept that their work would be preserved for a longer period. The more we understand how artists choose and use their materials, the more we can “appreciate what they’re doing”, Ken Sutherland, an expert at the Art Institute of Chicago, US, told Science News. Sutherland added that research like this could help people have a deeper understanding of the artworks. 41．What is the main purpose of the research mentioned in the passage? A．To find out how eggs can help to protect the artworks. B．To study the history of beer and egg consumption in Denmark. C．To explore the benefits of beer and egg consumption for artists. D．To research the composition of ancient paint for protecting Danish paintings. 42．Why were beer by-products used in historic Danish paintings? A．To keep the paintings clean. B．To help the colors stick better. C．To give the painting a different look. D．To make the paintings more colorful. 43．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Kept. B．Shared. C．Controlled. D．Discovered. 44．How did yolk’s proteins help preserve artworks? A．By adding color to the paint. B．By making the paint dry faster. C．By wrinkling the paint with oil. D．By slowing down the oxidation of the paint. 45．According to Ken Sutherland, the research like this provides . A．preservation techniques for paintings B．deeper understanding of the artworks C．more appreciation for artists’ materials D．insights into the history of art materials 4. (2023-2024学年上学期.天津市河西区.高一期中) As a people-pleaser, you care about pleasing other people so much because you want to be liked and don't want other people to think ill of you. It's a bad, never ending way of life, because people are always going to ask things of you. Here's how you can stop being such a people-pleaser: Wait! Next time someone texts or emails a request, wait to reply. Wait up to 24 hours if you can! Show people how to treat us. And train them on what to expect from us. Provide a choice For those who want to say no in a gentle way, instead of giving an excuse, you can provide a choice. It's more useful too! Something like," I'd love to help you pick out a new sofa but not this weekend. Lucy has an excellent eye for sofas." is much more helpful. Realize you have a choice More times than you think, you can say no. Stop for a second when a choice comes up that feels uncomfortable. Then decide if, finally, a yes or no feels like freedom--and choose that. K(no)w it gets easier Saying no needs practice. The more you do it, the more used to it you become and the less people expect from you. Once you say you are unavailable a few times, people stop asking so much from you. Recognize you can't please everybody Other people will always control our lives if we let them. You can't please everyone. And a rich, wonderful life has lots of those "yes" moments--as well as plenty of loving "nos". 36．The passage is written for the people ________. A．who like satisfying everyone B．who always make requests C．who need to buy sofas D．who want more freedom 37．What are you advised to do when someone makes a request through email? A．Pretend not to see it. B．Give an immediate answer. C．Teach him a good lesson. D．Avoid giving a quick reply. 38．Giving someone a choice can make saying no ________. A．less helpful B．more important C．less believable D．more acceptable 39．What will people do if you say no a few times? A．Lose touch with you. B．Leave you immediately. C．Stop asking you so much. D．Consider you to be impolite. 40．How many suggestions does the author give us? A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6. 5. (2023-2024学年上学期.天津市河西区.高一期中) In the Hollywood movie The Martian, actor Matt Damon plays an astronaut who grows food on Mars (火星) to survive alone on the red planet. After seeing the movie, Washington State University physicist Michael Allen and University of Idaho food scientist Helen Joyner decided to carry out a case study helping students figure out how to farm on Mars. In the case study, students had to imagine they were mining on Mars and decide how to feed themselves there before starting on the journey. They got advice from Allen and Joyner on how to select crops and take the challenges of growing crops over long periods on Mars. Students used a scoring system to select three foods to plant on Mars. Allen found the results impressive: among 30 students, “no two people have ever gotten the same answer”, he said. Human travelers to Mars will likely have to make use of resources on the planet rather than take everything they need with them on a spaceship. This means farming their own food on another planet, one that has a very different ecosystem (生态系统) from Earth’s. One challenge for those who would like to live on Mars is the fact that there can be no farming tools. Like real astronauts, students taking part in the study cannot take farming tools with them. As Joyner put it to his student astronauts, “You are starting with nothing.” Besides, students also have to deal with a very limited choice of diet. “If you had to eat a single food for the rest of your life, could you do it?” Joyner asked. But Allen believes the case study is about more than farming and eating on the Red Planet. “I’m not teaching about growing food on Mars,” Allen said, “I’m teaching about living with choices. I’m teaching about problem solving.” 41．What made Michael Allen and Helen Joyner carry out the case study? A．A trip. B．A book. C．A movie. D．A lecture. 42．In the case study, students have to ______. A．start with everything B．try different tools C．watch the movie D．select three foods 43．What might be the challenge for people living on Mars? A．They have a limited choice of diet. B．They have a lot of farming tools. C．They have to take part in the study. D．They have to select crops on Mars. 44．Michael Allen thinks that the case study teaches the students ______. A．how to look for foods on Mars B．to know more about Earth C．how to solve problems D．to learn about gardening 45．The passage is mainly about ______. A．a research on how to farm on Mars B．a Hollywood movie The Martian C．how to survive alone on Earth D．how to design a scoring system 6.(2023-2024学年上学期.天津市耀华中学.高一期中) Starting high school can be difficult. Everyone is nervous and nobody knows where to go for classes. Thinking about making new friends might make you feel nervous, too. But don’t worry. You are not alone. You are going to school with a group of students who are also your age, and we have several tips to share. Forget your fear and just talk to someone.It might be easier said than done, but try to take a deep breath and voice. Don’t be afraid to approach people. Introduce yourself and start a conversation about something you have in common. Sit in the middle of the classroom with as many new friends around you as possible. Join clubs. Join after-school activities that interest you and make friends in the club. If you don’t join anything, you will be just going to class and then going home. Being in a club forces you to be more social. Stay clean. No one likes a bad smell that could knock someone over. Shower every day, brush your teeth and wash your hair. Try to make yourself look neat, whatever you wear. Be respectful of people’s differences. Everyone has his or her own opinion about the world and everyone believes in different things. It’s a good thing to have friends with different opinions because you can each share your own. We hope these tips can help you. The Student Union is always ready to offer help. And you are welcome to join us! 36．According to the article, why is it beneficial to have friends with different opinions? A．It makes you more popular. B．It helps you win arguments. C．It promotes exchange of ideas. D．It prevents arguments. 37．What is one suggestion for overcoming nervousness and making friends in high school? A．Calm down and have a talk actively. B．Stay silent in class to avoid attention. C．Avoid talking to anyone on the first day. D．Only interact with your previous schoolmates. 38．What is the main purpose of joining clubs in high school, according to the article? A．To improve personal value. B．To improve social interaction. C．To do well in academic studies. D．To have a reason to leave school early. 7.(2023-2024学年上学期.天津市耀华中学.高一期中) A few weeks ago, my teenage daughter failed a test. She was embarrassed, angry, anxious and there were tears in her eyes. This grade might prevent her from qualifying for the next key class she wanted to take. She took some time to complain to me. Then I saw something interesting. She calmed herself down by making a joke. She expressed thankfulness that she didn’t have bigger problems. Then she made a plan to talk to her teacher to improve her skills. This was a great change from the kid I was watching deal with disappointment a few years ago,the one who once was unwilling to take responsibility and blamed others, which shows she has grown up and understood the good in the bad. We expect our kids to learn and grow, but many of them will also grow through adversity (逆境), and even thrive (茁壮成长) after trauma (创伤). Psychologists call it post-traumatic growth. Trauma, defined as an emotional response to a terrible event like an accident, attack, natural disaster, or other life-changing happenings, is painful and even can be harmful. Trauma does leave its mark, but the mark may not be all bad and there can also be growth. In one study, researchers surveyed nearly 385 people who experienced financial adversity, even while working full-time. These people are also the parents or primary caregivers or young children in education. And those surveyed had either been sick with an illness or had a loved one who’s been in bad health. Despite all of this adversity, 88 percent of the people surveyed said they now have stronger family relationships and a greater appreciation for life. Some said they experienced spiritual growth and 11 percent reported they discovered new opportunities. Hardship makes us adapt, respond, and find other ways to solve it. When we do, we become not only able to heal the trauma associated with it but also thrive again. We build up confidence and experience that will help us the next time we face adversity. 46．How did the author’s daughter react after failing the test? A．She blamed other people for her failure. B．She felt grateful and meant to improve. C．She became more anxious and angrier. D．She refused to take responsibility. 47．What positive change did the author observe in their daughter? A．She became more frighted of difficulties in life. B．She developed a stronger support system. C．She became more negative and disappointed. D．She grew up and understood the value of hardships. 48．What did the study mentioned in the article tell about surveyed people? A．They became more disconnected from others. B．They developed responsible attitude towards their families. C．They had a better family and increased appreciation for life. D．They experienced a decline in their overall well-being. 49．How does hardship contribute to personal growth according to the article? A．It prevents a person from healing from trauma. B．It limits personal ability to adapt to adversity. C．It encourages a person to find different solutions and develops confidence. D．It results in long-term negative effects on a person’s emotional well-being. 50．What is the main message of the article regarding adversity and growth? A．Hardship can lead to personal growth. B．Traumatic events leave only harmful effects. C．Adversity always leads to negative outcomes. D．People who face trauma are unable to heal from it. \ 8.(2022-2023学年上学期.天津市河东区.高一期中) It seems as if social media platforms have taken over our lives. According to The Signal, there were 3.6 billion social media users in 2020. Although social media platforms have helped to keep friends and family connected, there is also a dark side to social media. To put it simply, it is a money-making machine. This is partially because of social media influencers. A social media influencer is someone “who can shape audience attitudes through blogs, tweets, and the use of other social media”. You may be asking yourself, “Why would they want to do this, though?” The answer is simple: to make money. Social media influencers make money by promoting brands and increasing brand awareness among their followers. This, in turn, gets them more deals with brands to promote more products and make more money. The impact of social media and its influencers isn’t confined(局限) to the digital world. Social media influencers are now being called out because some of their actions have started to negatively impact the environment. One man in particular, who goes by Steve to remain anonymous(匿名的), noticed that some online influencers failed to follow rules when they went to national parks or public places. This included things like leaving garbage behind, going off the designated trail(指定的路线), or using drones(无人机) to take pictures from the sky. Because of this, Steve made it his mission to stop social media influencers from hurting the environment with their bad behavior in order to get the “perfect shot”. In 2018, he made the account “Public Lands Hate You” to name and shame influencers who failed to follow the rules made to protect the environment. He hoped that it could help some influencers find the light and right their wrongs. 43．How do social media influencers make social media a money-making machine? A．By raising public awareness of social media. B．By selling products they have developed. C．By promoting brands on social media. D．By attracting followers to stories they write. 44．What does the underlined phrase “called out” in paragraph 7 probably mean? A．Favored. B．Criticized. C．Investigated. D．Banned. 45．What is the aim of the account “Public Lands Hate You”? A．To stop influencers’ wrongdoings. B．To find the true identity of influencers. C．To encourage the behavior for the perfect shot. D．To improve people’s environmental awareness. 9.(2022-2023学年上学期.天津市河西区.高一期中) In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help you study. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meet fair-weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. How do I know when I have found a good friend? In my opinion, understanding is the most important quality in choosing a good friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He is not quick to judge. Instead, he tries to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener. At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me. Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I need a favor, he will do his best to help me. If I am in trouble, he will not run away from me. There is a fourth quality that makes friend special. A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun. We should enjoy our lives, and we would enjoy our friendship. That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with. A good friend likes the same things I like. We share experiences and learn from each other. A good friend has a sense of humor, too. He likes to laugh with me. That is how we share in the joy of being friends. And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me. When I meet someone that is reliable, honest, and understanding, I know I’ve found a good friend. 36．In the opinion of the writer, what is the most important in choosing a good friend? A．A sense of humor. B．Sharing experiences. C．A good listener. D．Understanding. 37．If you have fair-weather friends, ______. A．you will be refused when you get into trouble. B．they will give you all that they have when you need help C．you will become rich D．you can be sure that you get real friends 38．Good friends need to ______. A．have money or luck B．understand each other’s feeling C．be helped with money D．always point out each other’s mistakes 39．The passage is mainly about ______. A．how to get along with friends B．where to choose friends C．the qualities of friends D．the importance of having a friend 40．The underlined word “reliability” means someone that you will ______. A．rely on B．call on C．go on D．hold on 说明文 1.(2023-2024学年上学期.天津市南开区.高一期中) Foreign visitors to the UK might be disappointed when they learn that not everyone there speaks like Harry Potter and his friends. Usually, there’s an assumption by many non-Brits that everyone in Britain speaks with what’s known as a Received Pronunciation (RP，标准发音) accent, also called “the Queen’s English”. However, while many people do talk this way, most Britons speak in their own regional accents (口音). Scouse, Glaswegian and Black Country — from Liverpool, Glasgow and the West Midlands — are just three of the countless non-RP accents that British people speak with. There are even differences in accents between towns or cities just 30 kilometers apart. What is even more disappointing is that not speaking in a RP accent may mean a British person is judged and even treated differently in their everyday life. In a 2015 study by The University of South Wales, videos of people reading a passage in three different UK accents were shown to a second group of people. The group then rated how intelligent they thought the readers sounded. The lowestrated accent was Brummie, native to people from Birmingham, a city whose accent is considered working class. However, there is no need to be disappointed though you are not speaking in a RP accent. In fact, doing the opposite may even give you strength. Kong Seongjae, 25, is an Internet celebrity from Seoul. After studying in the UK, he picked up several regional accents. He’s now famous for his online videos, where he shows off the various accents he’s learned. “British people usually get really excited when I use some of their local dialect words, and they become much friendlier. I think it makes a bit of bond between local people and foreigners to speak in their local accent,” he said. So if you’re working on perfecting your British accent, try to speak like someone from Liverpool, Glasgow or Birmingham. You may not sound like Harry Potter, but you are likely to make more friends. 41．What can we infer from Paragraph 1? A．Non-Brits usually hold that all Britons speak in a RP accent. B．Only “the Queen’s English” is accepted in the UK. C．Foreign visitors are disappointed at their on spoken English. D．Any Received Pronunciation around the world is also called “the Queen’s English”. 42．What do people think of the Brummie accent? A．Favored by foreign visitors to the UK. B．Closest to the RP accent. C．Smart and easy to understand. D．Spoken by people of lower class. 43．What does the underlined phrase “doing the opposite” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Speaking in a RP accent. B．Speaking in regional accents. C．Speaking the Brummie accent. D．Speaking like Harry Potter. 44．What is the passage mainly about? A．A study about the most intelligent accent in Britain. B．A comparison between different British accents. C．How much British people value the RP accent. D．The influence of regional accents on people’s lives. 2.(2023-2024学年上学期.天津市耀华中学.高一期中) Teenagers who talk on the cellphone a lot, and hold their phones up to their right ears, score worse on one type of memory test. That’s the finding of a new study. That memory impairment might be one side effect of the radiation (放射线) that phones use to keep us connected while we’re on the go. Nearly 700 Swiss teens took part in a test of figural memory. This type helps us remember abstract (抽象的) symbols and shapes, explains Milena Foerster. The teens took memory tests twice, one year apart. Each time, they had one minute to remember 13pairs of abstract shapes. Then they were shown one item from each pair and asked to match it with one of the five choices. The study volunteers also took a test of verbal (言语的) memory. That’s the ability to remember words. The two memory tests are part of an intelligence test. The researchers also surveyed the teens on how they use cellphones. And they got call records from phone companies. The researchers used those records to figure out how long the teens were using their phones. This allowed the researchers to work out how big a radiation exposure (接触) each person could have got while talking. A phone user’s exposure to the radiation can differ widely. Some teens talk on their phones more than others. People also hold their phones differently. If the phone is close to the ear, more radiation may enter the body, Foerster notes. Even the type of network signal that a phone uses can matter. Much of Switzerland was using an older “second-generation” type of cellphone networks, the study reports. Many phone carriers (通讯公司) have moved away from such networks. And more companies plan to update their networks within the next few years. The teens’ scores in the figural memory tests were roughly the same from one year to the next. But those who normally held their phones near the right ears, and who were also exposed to higher levels of radiation, scored a little bit worse after a year. No group of teens showed big changes on the verbal memory test. Why might one type of memory be linked to cellphone use, but not another? Foerster thinks it could have to do with where different memory centers sit in the brain. The site that deals with the ability to remember shapes is near the right ear. 42．The underlined word “impairment” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ ”. A．association B．damage C．pattern D．improvement 43．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．How people hold their phones has no effect on their bodies. B．Phone users can make more money with new networks. C．The cellphone network type has little to do the cellphone use. D．Radiation levels are affected by the cellphone network types. 44．According to the study, teens who use their phones to their right ears a lot do worse in      . A．matching numbers B．reading signals C．remembering shapes D．learning words 45．What might be the best title for the text? A．Cellphone use and safety warnings B．Facts about cellphone use at school C．Dangerous levels of cellphone use among teens D．Teen’s cellphone use linked to memory problems 3.(2023-2024学年上学期.天津市和平区天津市第一中学.高一期中) Take a look inside a high school classroom. You will most likely find a teacher at the front of the class and students sitting at their desks. Yet, look closer, and you might notice a familiar scene: many of these students are not paying attention. Instead, they are dozing off (打盹) or even completely asleep. Today, the majority of high school students are not getting enough sleep. This is a serious problem, especially as students are doing more than ever with their time. They come to school early, spend hours listening to teachers and taking tests, then run off to practices and meetings, and come home to be faced with even more work. And the homework load these days is not light; teachers give hours’ worth of homework each night. Most kids need at least nine hours of sleep per night in order to function properly. Yet the period of this nine hours shifts as a child gets older. After puberty (青春期), the body’s internal clock changes so that it is difficult for teens to fall asleep before 11 p.m. So even if a student falls asleep at eleven, they would need to sleep until at least 8 am, to get a full night’s sleep. Considering the time at which most high schools in this country begin, those nine hours are clearly being shortened. Few high schools start after 8 a.m. However, there are schools that have paid attention to this research and pushed backward the start of their school day. In schools where the start time is after 8:30 in the morning, the teachers believe that there has been a real change in their students. They note that the students miss class less, pay more attention in class, perform better in class, and report lower levels of depression. The researchers of these studies say that the results are quite important and that more schools should consider pushing backward their start time of their school day. 27．Which of the following would the author agree with? A．High school students must go to bed before 10 p.m. B．High schools should begin their school day at a later time. C．Most schools should push forward the start of their school day. D．Kids should shorten their sleep time gradually as they grow older. 28．The second paragraph mainly discusses ________. A．why high school students should get more sleep B．what’s life like for college students at present C．why high school students feel sleepy in the classroom D．how to lighten high school students’ homework load 29．The underlined word “shifts” probably means “________”. A．arrives B．reduces C．increases D．changes 30．How do the teachers probably feel about the results of pushing backward the start of their school day? A．Disappointed. B．Satisfied. C．Puzzled. D．Surprised. 4.(2023-2024学年上学期.天津市五区重点校联考.高一期中) When you are a kid, gaining a best friend forever can happen in a single play date. But when you grow up to be an adult, making and maintaining friendships gets harder. So how much quality time (优质时光) do you need before that stranger becomes your friend? A new study recently found that, on average, it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual (感情不深的) friend, about 90 hours before you become real friends, and about 200 hours to become close friends. The study’s author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor, invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments — people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen. He asked them to rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person. “Results suggest that the chance of changing from casual friend to real friend is greater than 50% after around 80-100 hours together,” said Hall. The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness. “It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people as they are routinely in the same place at the same time as you,” Hall said. “However, my study shows you can have workmates you spend hundreds and hundreds of hours with and still not develop a friendship.” You do not need to become best friends with your workmates to develop meaningful relationships with them. But for those of us hoping to change from “girl who I eat lunch at work with” to “friend I can depend on,” Hall suggests that you need to take the relationship out of the workplace for it to become a friendship. The participants who did activities outside of work with someone, such as being invited to have lunch in their home, were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them. 46．What is the new study mainly about? A．Ways of making friends in a new environment. B．Why people need to make different friends. C．Different levels of friendship. D．How long it takes to develop a friendship. 47．What do we know about the participants in the study? A．They knew each other before. B．They had difficulty in making new friends. C．They were in great need of friends. D．They started their new life in the same city. 48．What does Hall want to tell us in paragraph 3? A．It is easy to get along well with classmates. B．Friendship closeness is related to communication. C．It is unnecessary to become best friends with workmates. D．Just spending enough time together doesn’t result in friendship. 49．What does the underlined word “routinely” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Usually. B．Impressive. C．Seldom. D．Confidently. 50．Which can help people build deeper relationships with workmates according to Hall? A．Joining the same work team. B．Having lunch at work with them. C．Inviting them to your home after work. D．Sharing work experience with each other. 5. (2022-2023学年上学期.天津市河西区.高一期中) The English language is changing, and you are responsible! Whether we consider changes in grammar, spelling, pronunciation, or the very vocabulary of the language, you have played your part and continue to do so. When we first learned basic grammar and spelling, perhaps in elementary school, we might have gotten the impression that these things were sacred (神圣的). The rules that apply to such things might have been presented as unchanging and unchangeable. While this way might be helpful for teaching children, it is far from accurate. The English language, like many others, is a living, growing, ever-evolving (演变) thing. Like it or not, you are involved in this change. These changes take many forms. Grammar and spelling have changed greatly over the years and centuries, with the spelling differences in different countries today a reflection of this. While the language of a thousand years ago might be called English, most of us would hardly recognize it today as the same language. The first involves changes in the pronunciation of words. Many are familiar with the differences between the British and American ways of pronouncing certain words. In addition to these differences, the pronunciation of many words has changed over the years because of how you have decided to pronounce them. For example, consider the word “err.” The traditional pronunciation of this word rhymes with the word “her.” Older dictionaries show this to be the primary or only pronunciation. However, in recent years, more and more people have been pronouncing it so that it sounds like “air.” Another change in the language involves the addition and removal of words. The makers of dictionaries decide which words deserve to be officially adopted as part of the English language. Through the centuries, many words have come from other languages. In fact, English has probably done this more than any other language in the world, which is why spelling and pronunciation rules for English have so many exceptions. Of course, many slang words (俚语) have been just short-lived fashions that have died out quickly. Others, though, have been adopted by main stream society and become respectable, as have many technical terms. So then remember, the next time you repeat the newest expression to hit the street, or make up your own words, you may be contributing to the future of the English language. 41．When we begin to learn English, we think ______. A．it is interesting to pick up a new language B．English rules are wrongly presented in fact C．grammar and speiling rules are unchangeable D．only adults have the ability to affect a language 42．The underlined word “accurate” in Paragraph 2 means ______ in every detail. A．correct B．wrong C．different D．similar 43．From paragraph 3 we can know that ______. A．we can change the English language B．many languages are changing over years C．English has changed little in the past 1,000 years D．there were main changes in grammar and pronunciation 44．Why is the pronunciation of words changing? A．Because people choose the way to pronounce them. B．Because those words are too difficult to pronounce. C．Because the spellings of words change. D．Because technology develops greatly in modern society. 45．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Foreign words involved in English. B．Slang words reshape the English world. C．English language is changeable. D．British speaks differently from Americans. 6.(2022-2023学年上学期.天津市耀华中学.高一期中) The shadow play is a typical traditional entertainment that has survived and thrived over the centuries. It is taken as an earliest ancestor of modern cinema. Legend has it that more than 2,000 years ago, Emperor Wu of Han was very depressed about the death of his favorite concubine. To help him get over his sadness, a minister made a puppet out of cotton and silk in the likeness of the concubine and projected its shadow on a curtain for the emperor to see. The show brought the emperor some comfort. He somehow believed the shadow was his lover's spirit. This is thought to be the beginning of the shadow play. One mouth tells stories of thousands of years; a pair of hands operate millions of soldiers. This is how the shadow puppeteer works. Nicknamed “the business of the five”, a shadow play group is made up of five people. One operates the puppets, one plays a suona and a yueqin, one plays the banhu, one is in charge of percussion instruments, and one sings. During performances, “actors” are held close to a white curtain with their colored shadows cast on it by a strong light from behind. The operator plays five puppets at the same time, each of which has three threads. Ten fingers handle fifteen threads. Moved by guiding sticks, the puppets play roles with musical accompaniment, The popularity of the shadow play in some way lies in the equipment being light and easy to carry, the small number of people needed for a performance, and the flexible requirements for performance places. The plays can be quite dramatic and, when it comes to myths or kung fu stories, the “actors” may be made to ride on clouds or perform unusual feats, to the great enjoyment of the audience, especially children. The audience can tell a figure's character by seeing his mask. Like the masks in Beijing opera, a red mask represents loyalty and bravery. Nowadays, the shadow play has been industrialized and developed a series of tourist products for the promotion of Chinese culture and tourism. 43．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．A love story of Emperor Wu of Han. B．The origin of the shadow play. C．How to please an emperor. D．How to make a cotton puppet. 44．According to the author, the audience may take great pleasure________. A．when roles are played without music B．because the equipment is light to carry C．because the number of the operators is small D．when the puppets give lively performances 45．What is the author's attitude towards the future of the shadow play? A．Positive. B．Friendly. C．Doubtful. D．Negative. 46．What is the author's main purpose in writing the text? A．To promote the shadow play. B．To explain the art of shadow play. C．To teach people to operate the shadow puppetry. D．To enjoy the traditional characters and masks in Beijing Opera. 7.(2022-2023学年上学期.天津市耀华中学.高一期中) Do you know the actress who starred in the film My Fairy Lady? It is Audrey Hepburn, who won an Academy Award as Best Actress for her first major American movie, Roman Holiday, which was released in 1953. But she is remembered as much for her aid work as for her acting. Though she was born in Belgium in 1929, Audrey was sent to live at a British school for part of her childhood. During World War Ⅱ, she lived and studied in the Netherlands. Her mother thought it would be safe from German attacks. Audrey studied dance as a teenager and during college. But when she returned to London after the war she realized she wasn’t going to be a ballerina. So she began taking acting parts in stage shows. Later she began to get small parts in movies. But it was Audrey Hepburn’s move to America that brought her true fame. In 1951 she played the character “Gigi” in the Broadway play of the same name to great critical praise. Two years later, Roman Holiday made her a star at the age of 24. Audrey made more than 25 movies. Among her most popular roles was Hoolly Golinghtly in Breakfast at Tiffany’s in 1961. Three years later she played Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady. She was married two times and had one child by each husband. In 1989, the UN Children’s Fund named Audrey a goodwill ambassador. She travelled all over the world in support of UNICEF (联合国儿童基金会) projects. The UN agency said she was a tireless worker. She often gave 15 interviews a day to gain money and support for UNICEF projects. She worked for the charity until her death in 1993 from colon cancer. 47．In Paragraph 1, “her aid work” means________. A．winning an Academy Award as Best Actress B．taking acting parts in stage shows C．acting as a goodwill ambassador for UNICEF D．making her own movies 48．The reason why Audrey lived and studied in the Netherlands was that________. A．she wanted to be a ballerina B．her parents were from Britain C．the education there was excellent D．it was safe there 49．We can infer from the passage that________. A．Audrey lived in America in the 1950s B．Audrey’s parents lived in Germany during World War Ⅱ C．Audrey was made to give up dancing D．the character “Gigi” in the Broadway play was her most popular role 50．________is NOT mentioned in the passage about Audrey Hepburn. A．Marriage B．Job C．Religion D．Contribution 议论文 1.(2023-2024学年上学期.天津市八校联考.高一期中) Richard is a very a successful businessman. It is common for him to work hard with a non-stop. He wasn’t aware that he might wear himself out or die an early death until he overslept one morning, which was a sort of alarm. And then what happened? He had a week’s leave during which time he read novels, listened to music and walked with his wife on a beach, which has enabled Richard to return to work again. In our modern life, we have lost the rhythm between action and rest. Amazingly, within this world there is a universal but silly saying: “I am so busy.” We say this to one another as if our tireless efforts were a talent by nature and an ability to successfully deal with stress. The busier we are, the more important we seem to ourselves and, we imagine, to others. To be unavailable to our friends and family, and to be unable to find time to relax — this has become the model of a successful life. Because we do not rest, we lose our way. We miss the guide telling us where to go, the food providing us with strength, the quiet giving us wisdom. How have we allowed this to happen? I believe it is this: we have forgotten the Sabbath, the day of the week — for followers of some religions — for rest and praying. It is a day when we are not supposed to work, a time when we devote ourselves to enjoying and celebrating what is beautiful. It is a good time to bless our children and loved ones, give thanks, share meals, walk and sleep. It is a time for us to take a rest, to put our work aside, trusting that there are larger forces at work taking care of the world. Rest is s spiritual and biological need; however, in our strong ambition to be successful and care for our many responsibilities, we may feel terribly guilty when we take time to rest. The Sabbath gives us permission to stop work. In fact, “Remember the Sabbath” is more than simply permission to rest; it is a rule to obey and a principle to follow. 46．What’s the function of the paragraph 1? A．To tell us that Richard lives a healthy life. B．To bring up the topic of the passage. C．To give us a brief introduction of Richard D．To tell Richard is a successful businessman. 47．The “alarm” in the first paragraph refers to “_______”. A．a signal of stress B．a warning of danger C．a sign of age D．a spread of disease 48．According to Paragraph 3, a successful person is one who is believed to _______. A．be able to work without stress B．be more talented than other people C．be more important than anyone else D．be busying working without time to rest 49．According to the passage during the Sabbath, what we should do except _____. A．Praying for our family. B．Taking a good break. C．Only working for two hours. D．Enjoying delicious meal. 50．What is the main idea of this passage? A．We should balance work with rest. B．The Sabbath gives us permission to rest. C．It is silly for anyone to say “I am busy.” D．We should be available to our family and friends. 2. (2023-2024学年上学期.天津滨海新区塘沽第一中学.高一期中) It’s good to make mistakes, and here is why. First of all, mistakes are a clear sign that we are trying new things. It’s always good to try new things because when we are trying new things, we are growing. If we never try anything new, how can we improve? How can we expand? The simple answer is “We can’t”. Around us, everything in our physical world is the result of someone trying something new. Another good thing about mistakes is this: When we are making mistakes, we are learning. Consider this-Edison failed 10,000 times before he perfected the light bulb. When asked how it felt to fail that many times, he said that he had learned 10,000 things that didn’t work. Finally, when we make a mistake, we are much closer to success. Why? Because when all is said and done, we will have tried some number of things before we succeeded. Every time we make a mistake, we eliminate one of those things and are one step closer. But all this doesn’t mean that we should go through life without considering the result of a mistake. Quite the contrary, when we try something new, we have to be willing to set some reasonable limits. We shouldn’t do anything blindly. Because we all have limited resources—in the form of time and money, so we must realize that it probably won’t be perfect the first time and arrange these resources appropriately so we can learn, make corrections, and try it again. Only by accepting and using our mistakes in this way can we make significant advances in our lives. There is an old saying that goes, “If you’re not making mistakes, you’re not trying hard enough.” So go forth and make mistakes. And learn. And grow. 51．From the second paragraph, we can conclude that ______. A．mistakes are unnecessary for development B．mistakes let us see our own limits C．it’s common for people to make mistakes D．making mistakes is better than not trying 52．According to the passage, if we try new things, we can ______. A．move forward B．never fail C．obtain nothing D．be closer to mistakes 53．The underlined word “eliminate” means ______. A．make up for B．get rid of C．choose D．solve 54．According to the passage, one thing we should pay attention to about making mistakes is ______. A．avoiding making the same mistakes B．accepting the outcome willingly C．making proper arrangements for our next try D．hiding the results after each mistake 55．The article is mainly about ______. A．how to deal with mistakes B．what benefits making mistakes brings C．how to achieve success D．how to make use of our mistakes 3. (2023-2024学年上学期.天津市南开区.高一期中) Many of us mistakenly believe that it's wrong to think we have any good qualities. We may spend a lot of time blaming ourselves for our negative qualities, thinking that self criticism is the key to improving our performance. However, a constant focus on our supposed shortcomings can stop our efforts to make friends with other people. How can we believe that others could like us if we believe our inner being is flawed（有缺陷）? If someone seems to dislike you, the reason for that dislike might have little or nothing to do with you. The person who doesn't like you might be fearful, or shallow, or busy or shy. Perhaps you and that person are simply a mismatch for each other at this particular time. Don't take yourself out of the game by deciding that your flaws are bigger than your good qualities. In fact, some of the very qualities you consider to be flaws may be irresistible to someone else. For all the factors that might cause one person to reject you, there are at least as many factors that will work in your favor with someone else. You might be thirty pounds over your ideal weight, but you may have a wonderful laugh and a real enthusiasm for life. There are many people who don’t mind your extra pounds. You may drive a shabby car, but you might be a great dancer and a loyal friend. There are people out there looking for loyalty, or fun, or sweetness, or wisdom, and the package it comes in is not important. If you are worried that you are not beautiful enough to attract friends, keep in mind that not everyone is looking for physical beauty in their friends. You can decide to feel inferior（自卑） because you don't have much money and you don't drive a nice car. You can believe that this is the reason that you don't have many friends in your life. On the other hand, if you are very wealthy you may be suspicious that everyone is after your money and that nobody really likes you as a person. The point is that you can focus on just about anything and believe it's the reason you do not have friends and cannot make any. 45．According to the author ________plays an important role in making friends. A．modesty B．confidence C．admitting your shortcomings D．self criticism 46．If you are not liked by a person, _________ . A．you may not be the one to be blamed B．you and that person misunderstand each other C．you should find the reason in yourself D．you’d better talk with the person face to face 47．We can learn from the third paragraph that ________ . A．you’ll have few friends if your flaws a re bigger than your good qualities B．your negative qualities cause a person to reject you C．your weakness may also be your strengths in some way D．your good qualities may turn out to be your flaws 48．Which of the following is true according to the author? A．Inner qualities are more important than physical appearance. B．It is easier for a wealthy person to make friends. C．It is important to lose weight. D．If you are not beautiful enough, try to improve your physical beauty. 49．What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write? A．How to lose weight. B．How to make friends. C．How to make self criticism. D．How to find your good qualities. ( 10 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 阅读理解之说明文及议论文 说明文 1.(2023-2024学年上学期.天津滨海新区塘沽第一中学.高一期中) After entering high school, you may find there are many clubs at your school. You may think you’re too busy to join one. But as a former high school student,I can tell you joining a school club can greatly benefit you. Your old friends may have left you after entering high school.  And it means you need to meet new people. Joining a club allows you to talk with others and find those who have similar interests as you. Based on my experience, I have met some of my best friends from club activities,which opened up many new doors for me. Another really nice thing about joining a club is that it looks really good on your applications (申请书). Trying new things is something that looks really good on any application. Outgoing is considered a very good quality which shows that you are determined and willing to put yourself out there and best of all try new things. What’s more, it can help you develop skills that can serve you during future college interviews. Besides, joining a club can make students use their free time wisely. Most teens go to schools, then go back home and spend the rest of the day in front of a screen. Teens are also very likely to fall into the wrong crowd, which could lead to some bad results. Clubs are good places to spend time with good people to fall back on. The most important reason why you should join a club is the long­term benefits it brings. The classroom isn’t the only learning environment in a school. The skills you learn in clubs are necessary ones that can be used in everyday life, which I think is the final goal of joining a club. Things such as meeting and speaking to new people,making the most of time,and being organized are those you will meet every single day of your life, but you can learn all of them in clubs. So if you haven’t joined a school club yet,you know what you should do now. 41．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “ benefit” in paragraph 1.? A．be good for B．support C．make use of D．cheer up 42．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．Friends should share common interest. B．Joining a club helps one make friends. C．Joining a club benefits one’s mental health. D．Friends may leave each other sooner or later. 43．In the author’s opinion,what’s the greatest benefit of joining a club? A．Developing new hobbies. B．Meeting different people. C．Gaining useful life skills. D．Making use of your free time. 44．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To give tips on making new friends. B．To show ways to set up school clubs. C．To teach students to enjoy a better school life. D．To encourage high school students to join a club. 45．In which section of a magazine,may this text appear? A．Health. B．School life. C．Culture. D．Social work. 41．A 42．B 43．C 44．D 45．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了对于一名刚进高中生的学生，学校有很多俱乐部，加入学校俱乐部对高中生活学习有很大的好处。 41．词义猜测题。文章第一段“You may think you’re too busy to join one. But as a former high school student…(你可能认为自己太忙了，没时间参加。但作为一名前高中生……)”通过此处转折可知，参加俱乐部是有好处的。由此推知“benefit”一词的意思是“对……有好处”。故选A项。 42．推理判断题。文章第二段“And it means you need to meet new people.(这意味着你需要结识新朋友)”可知，从第二段推知加入俱乐部有助于结交朋友。故选B项。 43．细节理解题。文章倒数第二段“The skills you learn in clubs are necessary ones that can be used in everyday life,which I think is the final goal of joining a club.(你在俱乐部学到的技能是日常生活中必不可少的，我认为这是加入俱乐部的最终目标)”可知，在作者看来，加入俱乐部最大的好处是获得有用的生活技能。故选C项。 44．目的意图题。文章最后一段“So if you haven’t joined a school club yet,you know what you should do now.(因此，如果你还没有加入学校俱乐部，你知道你现在应该做什么)”可知，作者写作的目的是鼓励高中生加入俱乐部。故选D项。 45．推理判断题。这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了对于一名刚进高中生的学生，学校有很多俱乐部，加入学校俱乐部对高中生活学习有很大的好处。尤其文章第一段“You may think you’re too busy to join one. But as a former high school student…(你可能认为自己太忙了，没时间参加。但作为一名前高中生……)”可知，这篇文章可以出现在杂志的学校生活部分。故选B项。 2.(2023-2024学年上学期.天津市部分区.高一期中) Forget drinking countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of looking young is simply to stay out of sun. A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those who avoided the sun’s rays looked up to 20 years younger than they actually are. However, other supposed rules for a youthful complexion (肤色), from drinking lots of water to sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to hold back the hands of time. Only keeping out of the sun, and wearing sunscreen when this wasn’t possible, made a difference, the American Academy of Dermatology’s annual conference will hear today. The finding comes from a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about (调查) their lives, including whether they were sun-loves. When researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital in the US guessed how old the women were, they found those who took care in the sun tended to have aged more slowly. Researcher Dr. Alexa Kimball said the popular belief that we drink lots of water to stay healthy is false and previous research by the British Nutrition Foundation reached a similar conclusion. It isn’t clear why the women who slept well didn’t have younger-looking skin. But it may be that the question they were asked was too narrow and didn’t consider their long-term sleep patterns. 46．Which way can help women stay younger according to the study? A．Drinking plenty of water. B．Having a good sleep. C．Taking exercise regularly. D．Keeping out of the sun. 47．How did the researcher get the finding? A．By interviewing 231 women face to face. B．By comparing the new research with the previous ones. C．From the results of some quizzes. D．Through the result of different games. 48．Why does sleeping well fail to make people look young? A．Because most people don’t sleep long enough. B．Because most people have wrong sleep patterns. C．Because most people lack of sleep. D．It’s unknown yet now. 49．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To introduce a good way to make women look younger. B．To explain how scientists carried out the research. C．To prove people’s previous ideas are true. D．To persuade women to change their long-term sleep patterns. 50．The passage is most probably taken from ______. A．a school textbook B．a reference book C．a science fiction D．a science paper 46．D 47．C 48．D 49．A 50．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新的研究表明远离阳光会让女士更年轻，而传统上所认为的多喝水多睡觉能让人年轻是不科学的。 46．细节理解题。根据第一段“The secret of looking young is simply to stay out of sun. (看起来年轻的秘诀只是远离阳光)”可知，远离阳光可以让人看起来年轻。故选D。 47．细节理解题。根据第四段“The finding comes from a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about (调查) their lives, including whether they were sun-loves.(这一发现来自对231名不同年龄段女性的调查，她们被问及自己的生活，包括是否热爱阳光)”可知，研究人员调查不同年龄段的女性，通过调查的结果才得到这一发现的。故选C。 48．细节理解题。根据最后一段“It isn’t clear why the women who slept well didn’t have younger-looking skin.(目前尚不清楚为什么睡得好的女性皮肤看起来不年轻)”可知，睡得好不能让人看起来年轻的原因尚不清楚。故选D。 49．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Forget drinking countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of looking young is simply to stay out of sun. (忘记喝无数杯水或睡美容觉了。看起来年轻的秘诀就是远离阳光)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究表明远离阳光会让女士更年轻，这是一种让女性看起来更年轻的好方法。故选A。 50．推理判断题。根据第二段“A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those who avoided the sun’s rays looked up to 20 years younger than they actually are. (一项针对数百名女性的研究表明，那些避开阳光的女性看起来比实际年龄年轻20岁)”以及第四段“The finding comes from a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about (调查) their lives, including whether they were sun-loves.(这一发现来自对231名不同年龄段女性的调查，她们被问及自己的生活，包括是否热爱阳光)”中的study以及finding可知，这是一份调查研究的结果，所以文章最有可能摘录自一篇科学论文。故选D。 3. (2023-2024学年上学期.天津市河北区.高一期中) Beer and eggs are commonly seen in the kitchen. However, scientists recently found that they were used in historic paintings, too. To preserve Danish paintings, a group of researchers studied what was the composition of ancient paint or what it was made of. They did experiments on small pieces of paintings that had already been cut off from the original artwork. According to their paper published in Science-Advances, grains and yeast (酵母) were found on the base of the paintings. Beer was the most common drink in the 19th century in Denmark, and its by-products were spent (用过已废的) grains and yeast. The study showed that they were used to provide a stable painting surface. Researchers also pointed out that beer by-product was used as a “glue” because it had a lot of sugar. With beer added, the paint can also dry faster. Apart from beer, egg has long been found in oil-based paints used by artists in the 15th century, such as Italian painter Leonardo da Vinci. A recent study published in Nature Communications may have “cracked” the secret of how eggs can help preserve artworks. The researchers re-created the ancient paint by adding egg yolks (蛋黄) to oil paint. They then looked into how it changed over time. The findings showed that the proteins in the yolk helped to slow down the oxidation (氧化) of the paint and reduce wrinkling (皱褶) as the egg makes the paint more smooth. However, the oil paint with added egg usually takes longer to dry. It seemed fine for artists. They were willing to accept that their work would be preserved for a longer period. The more we understand how artists choose and use their materials, the more we can “appreciate what they’re doing”, Ken Sutherland, an expert at the Art Institute of Chicago, US, told Science News. Sutherland added that research like this could help people have a deeper understanding of the artworks. 41．What is the main purpose of the research mentioned in the passage? A．To find out how eggs can help to protect the artworks. B．To study the history of beer and egg consumption in Denmark. C．To explore the benefits of beer and egg consumption for artists. D．To research the composition of ancient paint for protecting Danish paintings. 42．Why were beer by-products used in historic Danish paintings? A．To keep the paintings clean. B．To help the colors stick better. C．To give the painting a different look. D．To make the paintings more colorful. 43．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Kept. B．Shared. C．Controlled. D．Discovered. 44．How did yolk’s proteins help preserve artworks? A．By adding color to the paint. B．By making the paint dry faster. C．By wrinkling the paint with oil. D．By slowing down the oxidation of the paint. 45．According to Ken Sutherland, the research like this provides . A．preservation techniques for paintings B．deeper understanding of the artworks C．more appreciation for artists’ materials D．insights into the history of art materials 【答案】41．D 42．B 43．D 44．D 45．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。啤酒和鸡蛋在厨房里很常见，科学家通过研究发现它们也被以前的艺术家添加在绘画颜料中，用于保护画作。 41．细节理解题。根据第二段中“To preserve Danish paintings, a group of researchers studied what was the composition of ancient paint or what it was made of. They did experiments on small pieces of paintings that had already been cut off from the original artwork.(为了保存丹麦绘画，一组研究人员研究了古代绘画的成分或它是由什么制成的。他们在已经从原作上剪下来的小块画上做实验。)”可知，为了保存丹麦绘画研究人员研究了古代绘画的成分或它是由什么制成的；由此可知，这项研究的目的是研究古代绘画颜料的成分以保护丹麦绘画。故选D。 42．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Researchers also pointed out that beer by-product was used as a ‘glue’ because it had a lot of sugar. With beer added, the paint can also dry faster.(研究人员还指出，啤酒副产品被用作‘胶水’是因为它含有大量的糖。加入啤酒后，颜料也能干得更快。)”可知，在丹麦的历史绘画中啤酒副产品起到“胶水”的作用，让颜料粘得更牢，此外加入啤酒后，颜料也能干得更快。故选B。 43．词句猜测题。根据第六段“The researchers re-created the ancient paint by adding egg yolks (蛋黄) to oil paint. They then looked into how it changed over time. The findings showed that the proteins in the yolk helped to slow down the oxidation (氧化) of the paint and reduce wrinkling (皱褶) as the egg makes the paint more smooth.(研究人员通过在油画颜料中加入蛋黄，重现了这种古老的颜料。然后他们研究了它是如何随时间变化的。研究结果表明，蛋黄中的蛋白质有助于减缓颜料的氧化和减少褶皱，因为鸡蛋使颜料更光滑。)”以及第七段中“However, the oil paint with added egg usually takes longer to dry. It seemed fine for artists. They were willing to accept that their work would be preserved for a longer period.(然而，加入鸡蛋的油画颜料通常需要更长的时间才能干透。这对艺术家来说似乎还不错。他们愿意接受他们的作品将被保存更长的时间。)”可知，研究人员发现蛋黄中的蛋白质有助于减缓颜料的氧化和减少褶皱，加入鸡蛋的油画颜料通常需要更长的时间才能干透，让作品能够保存更长时间；由此可知，研究人员发现颜料中添加鸡蛋如何帮助保存画作，划线词所在句“A recent study published in Nature Communications may have “cracked” the secret of how eggs can help preserve artworks.(最近发表在《自然通讯》上的一项研究可能已经‘cracked’了鸡蛋如何帮助保存艺术品的秘密。)”表达的意思是：最近发表在《自然通讯》上的一项研究可能已经破解了鸡蛋如何帮助保存艺术品的秘密；划线单词cracked为“破解，发现”的意思，与D项Discovered“发现”意思一致。故选D。 44．细节理解题。根据第六段中“The findings showed that the proteins in the yolk helped to slow down the oxidation (氧化) of the paint and reduce wrinkling (皱褶) as the egg makes the paint more smooth.(研究结果表明，蛋黄中的蛋白质有助于减缓颜料的氧化和减少褶皱，因为鸡蛋使颜料更光滑。)”可知，蛋黄中的蛋白质通过减缓颜料的氧化来帮助保存艺术品。故选D。 45．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Sutherland added that research like this could help people have a deeper understanding of the artworks.(Sutherland补充说，这样的研究可以帮助人们更深入地了解这些艺术品。)”可知，Ken Sutherland认为这样的研究可以帮助人们更深入地了解这些艺术品。故选B。 4. (2023-2024学年上学期.天津市河西区.高一期中) As a people-pleaser, you care about pleasing other people so much because you want to be liked and don't want other people to think ill of you. It's a bad, never ending way of life, because people are always going to ask things of you. Here's how you can stop being such a people-pleaser: Wait! Next time someone texts or emails a request, wait to reply. Wait up to 24 hours if you can! Show people how to treat us. And train them on what to expect from us. Provide a choice For those who want to say no in a gentle way, instead of giving an excuse, you can provide a choice. It's more useful too! Something like," I'd love to help you pick out a new sofa but not this weekend. Lucy has an excellent eye for sofas." is much more helpful. Realize you have a choice More times than you think, you can say no. Stop for a second when a choice comes up that feels uncomfortable. Then decide if, finally, a yes or no feels like freedom--and choose that. K(no)w it gets easier Saying no needs practice. The more you do it, the more used to it you become and the less people expect from you. Once you say you are unavailable a few times, people stop asking so much from you. Recognize you can't please everybody Other people will always control our lives if we let them. You can't please everyone. And a rich, wonderful life has lots of those "yes" moments--as well as plenty of loving "nos". 36．The passage is written for the people ________. A．who like satisfying everyone B．who always make requests C．who need to buy sofas D．who want more freedom 37．What are you advised to do when someone makes a request through email? A．Pretend not to see it. B．Give an immediate answer. C．Teach him a good lesson. D．Avoid giving a quick reply. 38．Giving someone a choice can make saying no ________. A．less helpful B．more important C．less believable D．more acceptable 39．What will people do if you say no a few times? A．Lose touch with you. B．Leave you immediately. C．Stop asking you so much. D．Consider you to be impolite. 40．How many suggestions does the author give us? A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6. 36．A 37．D 38．D 39．C 40．C 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。取悦别人的人，很在乎取悦别人，因为想被人喜欢，但这是一种糟糕的、永无止境的生活方式，因为人们总是会向你提出要求。本文主要介绍了几种如何不再去讨好别人的方法。 36．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Here's how you can stop being such a people-pleaser”(以下是你如何不再去讨好别人的方法)可知，本文是写给那些喜欢取悦别人的人，即选项A“喜欢满足所有人”。故选A。 37．细节理解题。根据Wait!部分的“Next time someone texts or emails a request, wait to reply. Wait up to 24 hours if you can! ”(下次有人发短信或发邮件请求时，等着回复。如果可以的话，最多等24小时!)可知，当有人通过电子邮件提出请求时，你应该不要回复的太快，等一等。故选D。 38．细节理解题。根据Provide a choice部分的“For those who want to say no in a gentle way, instead of giving an excuse, you can provide a choice. It's more useful too! ”(对于那些想以温和的方式说不的人，你可以提供一个选择，而不是给一个借口。它也更有用!)可知，在你要说不的时候，给别人一个选择会更有用，更能让人接受。故选D。 39．细节理解题。根据部分的“Once you say you are unavailable a few times, people stop asking so much from you."(一旦你几次说你没空，人们就不会再对你要求太多了。)可知，如果你拒绝几次，别人不会再对你要求太多。故选C。 40．细节理解题。根据文章所给的建议“Wait!等待！；Provide a choice提供选择；Realize you have a choice意识到你有选择；K(no)w it gets easier知道一切会变得更容易；Recognize you can't please everybody意识到你不可能取悦所有人。可知，本文共提到五条建议。故C。 5. (2023-2024学年上学期.天津市河西区.高一期中) In the Hollywood movie The Martian, actor Matt Damon plays an astronaut who grows food on Mars (火星) to survive alone on the red planet. After seeing the movie, Washington State University physicist Michael Allen and University of Idaho food scientist Helen Joyner decided to carry out a case study helping students figure out how to farm on Mars. In the case study, students had to imagine they were mining on Mars and decide how to feed themselves there before starting on the journey. They got advice from Allen and Joyner on how to select crops and take the challenges of growing crops over long periods on Mars. Students used a scoring system to select three foods to plant on Mars. Allen found the results impressive: among 30 students, “no two people have ever gotten the same answer”, he said. Human travelers to Mars will likely have to make use of resources on the planet rather than take everything they need with them on a spaceship. This means farming their own food on another planet, one that has a very different ecosystem (生态系统) from Earth’s. One challenge for those who would like to live on Mars is the fact that there can be no farming tools. Like real astronauts, students taking part in the study cannot take farming tools with them. As Joyner put it to his student astronauts, “You are starting with nothing.” Besides, students also have to deal with a very limited choice of diet. “If you had to eat a single food for the rest of your life, could you do it?” Joyner asked. But Allen believes the case study is about more than farming and eating on the Red Planet. “I’m not teaching about growing food on Mars,” Allen said, “I’m teaching about living with choices. I’m teaching about problem solving.” 41．What made Michael Allen and Helen Joyner carry out the case study? A．A trip. B．A book. C．A movie. D．A lecture. 42．In the case study, students have to ______. A．start with everything B．try different tools C．watch the movie D．select three foods 43．What might be the challenge for people living on Mars? A．They have a limited choice of diet. B．They have a lot of farming tools. C．They have to take part in the study. D．They have to select crops on Mars. 44．Michael Allen thinks that the case study teaches the students ______. A．how to look for foods on Mars B．to know more about Earth C．how to solve problems D．to learn about gardening 45．The passage is mainly about ______. A．a research on how to farm on Mars B．a Hollywood movie The Martian C．how to survive alone on Earth D．how to design a scoring system 41．C 42．D 43．A 44．C 45．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家在好莱坞电影《火星救援》启发下，进行了案例研究，帮助学生弄清楚如何在火星上耕种。 41．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“After seeing the movie, Washington State University physicist Michael Allen and University of Idaho food scientist Helen Joyner decided to carry out a case study helping students figure out how to farm on Mars.(看完这部电影，华盛顿州立大学的物理学家迈克尔·艾伦和爱达荷大学的食品科学家海伦·乔伊纳决定开展一个案例研究，帮助学生们弄清楚如何在火星上耕种)”可知，科学家是在好莱坞电影的启发下进行了案例研究。故选C项。 42．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Students used a scoring system to select three foods to plant on Mars.(学生们使用评分系统选择三种食物在火星上种植)”可知，在该研究中，学生需要选择三种食物在火星上种植。故选D项。 43．细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“One challenge for those who would like to live on Mars is the fact that there can be no farming tools.(对于那些想在火星上生活的人来说，一个挑战是火星上可能没有农具)”及第四句“Besides, students also have to deal with a very limited choice of diet.(此外，学生还必须面对非常有限的饮食选择)”可知，在火星生活的挑战一方面是没有农具，另一方面是食物选择有限。故选A项。 44．细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句“I’m teaching about problem solving.(我正在教给学生的是如何解决问题)”可知，迈克尔·艾伦认为该研究教会了学生解决问题。故选C项。 45．主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“After seeing the movie, Washington State University physicist Michael Allen and University of Idaho food scientist Helen Joyner decided to carry out a case study helping students figure out how to farm on Mars.(看完这部电影，华盛顿州立大学的物理学家迈克尔·艾伦和爱达荷大学的食品科学家海伦·乔伊纳决定开展一个案例研究，帮助学生们弄清楚如何在火星上耕种)”并结合下文学生参与研究的具体情况及火星生活面临的挑战可知，本文主要是关于如何在火星上耕种的案例研究。故选A项。 6.(2023-2024学年上学期.天津市耀华中学.高一期中) Starting high school can be difficult. Everyone is nervous and nobody knows where to go for classes. Thinking about making new friends might make you feel nervous, too. But don’t worry. You are not alone. You are going to school with a group of students who are also your age, and we have several tips to share. Forget your fear and just talk to someone.It might be easier said than done, but try to take a deep breath and voice. Don’t be afraid to approach people. Introduce yourself and start a conversation about something you have in common. Sit in the middle of the classroom with as many new friends around you as possible. Join clubs. Join after-school activities that interest you and make friends in the club. If you don’t join anything, you will be just going to class and then going home. Being in a club forces you to be more social. Stay clean. No one likes a bad smell that could knock someone over. Shower every day, brush your teeth and wash your hair. Try to make yourself look neat, whatever you wear. Be respectful of people’s differences. Everyone has his or her own opinion about the world and everyone believes in different things. It’s a good thing to have friends with different opinions because you can each share your own. We hope these tips can help you. The Student Union is always ready to offer help. And you are welcome to join us! 36．According to the article, why is it beneficial to have friends with different opinions? A．It makes you more popular. B．It helps you win arguments. C．It promotes exchange of ideas. D．It prevents arguments. 37．What is one suggestion for overcoming nervousness and making friends in high school? A．Calm down and have a talk actively. B．Stay silent in class to avoid attention. C．Avoid talking to anyone on the first day. D．Only interact with your previous schoolmates. 38．What is the main purpose of joining clubs in high school, according to the article? A．To improve personal value. B．To improve social interaction. C．To do well in academic studies. D．To have a reason to leave school early. 36．C 37．A 38．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何适应高一的新生活。 36．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It’s a good thing to have friends with different opinions because you can each share your own.(有不同观点的朋友是件好事，因为你们可以分享自己的观点。)”可知，有不同意见的朋友是有益的是因为它促进了思想的交流。故选C。 37．细节理解题。根据第三段“Forget your fear and just talk to someone.It might be easier said than done, but try to take a deep breath and voice. Don’t be afraid to approach people. Introduce yourself and start a conversation about something you have in common.(忘掉你的恐惧，找个人聊聊天。这可能说起来容易做起来难，但试着深呼吸，大声说出来。不要害怕接近别人。介绍你自己，并开始谈论一些你们的共同点。)”可知，在高中克服紧张和交朋友的一个建议是冷静下来，积极地谈一谈。故选A。 38．推理判断题。根据Join clubs.部分的“Being in a club forces you to be more social.(参加俱乐部会迫使你更善于交际。)”可知，参加高中社团的主要目的是改善社交互动。故选B。 7.(2023-2024学年上学期.天津市耀华中学.高一期中) A few weeks ago, my teenage daughter failed a test. She was embarrassed, angry, anxious and there were tears in her eyes. This grade might prevent her from qualifying for the next key class she wanted to take. She took some time to complain to me. Then I saw something interesting. She calmed herself down by making a joke. She expressed thankfulness that she didn’t have bigger problems. Then she made a plan to talk to her teacher to improve her skills. This was a great change from the kid I was watching deal with disappointment a few years ago,the one who once was unwilling to take responsibility and blamed others, which shows she has grown up and understood the good in the bad. We expect our kids to learn and grow, but many of them will also grow through adversity (逆境), and even thrive (茁壮成长) after trauma (创伤). Psychologists call it post-traumatic growth. Trauma, defined as an emotional response to a terrible event like an accident, attack, natural disaster, or other life-changing happenings, is painful and even can be harmful. Trauma does leave its mark, but the mark may not be all bad and there can also be growth. In one study, researchers surveyed nearly 385 people who experienced financial adversity, even while working full-time. These people are also the parents or primary caregivers or young children in education. And those surveyed had either been sick with an illness or had a loved one who’s been in bad health. Despite all of this adversity, 88 percent of the people surveyed said they now have stronger family relationships and a greater appreciation for life. Some said they experienced spiritual growth and 11 percent reported they discovered new opportunities. Hardship makes us adapt, respond, and find other ways to solve it. When we do, we become not only able to heal the trauma associated with it but also thrive again. We build up confidence and experience that will help us the next time we face adversity. 46．How did the author’s daughter react after failing the test? A．She blamed other people for her failure. B．She felt grateful and meant to improve. C．She became more anxious and angrier. D．She refused to take responsibility. 47．What positive change did the author observe in their daughter? A．She became more frighted of difficulties in life. B．She developed a stronger support system. C．She became more negative and disappointed. D．She grew up and understood the value of hardships. 48．What did the study mentioned in the article tell about surveyed people? A．They became more disconnected from others. B．They developed responsible attitude towards their families. C．They had a better family and increased appreciation for life. D．They experienced a decline in their overall well-being. 49．How does hardship contribute to personal growth according to the article? A．It prevents a person from healing from trauma. B．It limits personal ability to adapt to adversity. C．It encourages a person to find different solutions and develops confidence. D．It results in long-term negative effects on a person’s emotional well-being. 50．What is the main message of the article regarding adversity and growth? A．Hardship can lead to personal growth. B．Traumatic events leave only harmful effects. C．Adversity always leads to negative outcomes. D．People who face trauma are unable to heal from it. 46．B 47．D 48．C 49．C 50．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自己女儿和新冠患者从不幸中有所收获告诉读者要善于从不幸的遭遇中发现积极向上的一面，要知道坏中有好。 46．细节理解题。根据第二段“She calmed herself down by making a joke. She expressed thankfulness that she didn’t have bigger problems. Then she made a plan to talk to her teacher to improve her skills.(她讲了个笑话使自己平静下来。她对自己没有更大的麻烦表示感谢。然后，她制定了一个计划，与她的老师交谈，以提高她的技能)”可知，作者的女儿在考试不及格后心怀感激，想要改进。故选B项。 47．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“This was a great change from the kid I was watching deal with disappointment a few years ago,the one who once was unwilling to take responsibility and blamed others, which shows she has grown up and understood the good in the bad.(这与几年前我看到的那个面对失望的孩子有了很大的变化，那个曾经不愿意承担责任、责怪别人的孩子，这表明她已经长大了，懂得了坏事中的好事)”可知，作者在他们的女儿身上观察到女儿长大了，懂得了艰辛的价值。故选D项。 48．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Despite all of this adversity, 88 percent of the people surveyed said they now have stronger family relationships and a greater appreciation for life.(尽管有这些逆境，88%的受访者表示，他们现在有了更牢固的家庭关系，对生活有了更大的感激)”可知，研究告诉了被调查者他们有了更好的家庭，对生活有了更多的感激。故选C项。 49．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Hardship makes us adapt, respond, and find other ways to solve it. When we do, we become not only able to heal the trauma associated with it but also thrive again. We build up confidence and experience that will help us the next time we face adversity.(困难使我们适应、回应，并寻找其他方法来解决它。当我们这样做时，我们不仅能够治愈与之相关的创伤，还能再次茁壮成长。我们建立信心和经验，这将有助于我们下次面对逆境)”可知，困难鼓励一个人找到不同的解决方案，培养信心去促进个人成长。故选C项。 50．推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者通过自己女儿和新冠患者从不幸中有所收获告诉读者要善于从不幸的遭遇中发现积极向上的一面，要知道坏中有好。结合第三段的“We expect our kids to learn and grow, but many of them will also grow through adversity (逆境), and even thrive (茁壮成长) after trauma (创伤). Psychologists call it post-traumatic growth.(我们期望我们的孩子学习和成长，但他们中的许多人也会在逆境中成长，甚至在创伤后茁壮成长)”和最后一段的“Hardship makes us adapt, respond, and find other ways to solve it.(困难使我们适应、回应，并寻找其他方法来解决它)”可知，这篇文章关于逆境和成长的主要信息是困难可以带来个人成长。故选A项。 8.(2022-2023学年上学期.天津市河东区.高一期中) It seems as if social media platforms have taken over our lives. According to The Signal, there were 3.6 billion social media users in 2020. Although social media platforms have helped to keep friends and family connected, there is also a dark side to social media. To put it simply, it is a money-making machine. This is partially because of social media influencers. A social media influencer is someone “who can shape audience attitudes through blogs, tweets, and the use of other social media”. You may be asking yourself, “Why would they want to do this, though?” The answer is simple: to make money. Social media influencers make money by promoting brands and increasing brand awareness among their followers. This, in turn, gets them more deals with brands to promote more products and make more money. The impact of social media and its influencers isn’t confined(局限) to the digital world. Social media influencers are now being called out because some of their actions have started to negatively impact the environment. One man in particular, who goes by Steve to remain anonymous(匿名的), noticed that some online influencers failed to follow rules when they went to national parks or public places. This included things like leaving garbage behind, going off the designated trail(指定的路线), or using drones(无人机) to take pictures from the sky. Because of this, Steve made it his mission to stop social media influencers from hurting the environment with their bad behavior in order to get the “perfect shot”. In 2018, he made the account “Public Lands Hate You” to name and shame influencers who failed to follow the rules made to protect the environment. He hoped that it could help some influencers find the light and right their wrongs. 43．How do social media influencers make social media a money-making machine? A．By raising public awareness of social media. B．By selling products they have developed. C．By promoting brands on social media. D．By attracting followers to stories they write. 44．What does the underlined phrase “called out” in paragraph 7 probably mean? A．Favored. B．Criticized. C．Investigated. D．Banned. 45．What is the aim of the account “Public Lands Hate You”? A．To stop influencers’ wrongdoings. B．To find the true identity of influencers. C．To encourage the behavior for the perfect shot. D．To improve people’s environmental awareness. 43．C 44．B 45．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述网红通过社交媒体赚钱，及网红行为的负面影响。 43．细节理解题。根据第五段“Social media influencers make money by promoting brands and increasing brand awareness among their followers. (网红通过推广品牌和提高粉丝们的品牌意识来赚钱。)”可知，网红通过在社交媒体上推广品牌，使社交媒体成为赚钱机器，故选C。 44．词句猜测题。根据第七段“because some of their actions have started to negatively impact the environment. (因为他们的一些行为已经开始对环境产生了负面影响。)”及根据第十段“In 2018, he made the account “Public Lands Hate You” to name and shame influencers who failed to follow the rules made to protect the environment. (2018年，他注册了“公共土地讨厌你”账户，以点名批评那些不遵守“保护环境规则”的网红。)”可知，网红的一些行为对环境产生了负面影响，史蒂夫批判网红，想阻止网红伤害环境的行为，故推知网红正在受批判。所以called out与Criticized意义一致，故选B。 45．推理判断题。根据第十段“In 2018, he made the account “Public Lands Hate You” to name and shame influencers who failed to follow the rules made to protect the environment. (2018年，他注册了“公共土地讨厌你”账户，以点名批评那些不遵守“保护环境规则”的网红。)”可知，“公共土地讨厌你”这个账户的目的是为了点名批评那些不遵守“保护环境规则”的网红，阻止网红的不道德行为。故选A。 9.(2022-2023学年上学期.天津市河西区.高一期中) In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help you study. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meet fair-weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. How do I know when I have found a good friend? In my opinion, understanding is the most important quality in choosing a good friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He is not quick to judge. Instead, he tries to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener. At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me. Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I need a favor, he will do his best to help me. If I am in trouble, he will not run away from me. There is a fourth quality that makes friend special. A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun. We should enjoy our lives, and we would enjoy our friendship. That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with. A good friend likes the same things I like. We share experiences and learn from each other. A good friend has a sense of humor, too. He likes to laugh with me. That is how we share in the joy of being friends. And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me. When I meet someone that is reliable, honest, and understanding, I know I’ve found a good friend. 36．In the opinion of the writer, what is the most important in choosing a good friend? A．A sense of humor. B．Sharing experiences. C．A good listener. D．Understanding. 37．If you have fair-weather friends, ______. A．you will be refused when you get into trouble. B．they will give you all that they have when you need help C．you will become rich D．you can be sure that you get real friends 38．Good friends need to ______. A．have money or luck B．understand each other’s feeling C．be helped with money D．always point out each other’s mistakes 39．The passage is mainly about ______. A．how to get along with friends B．where to choose friends C．the qualities of friends D．the importance of having a friend 40．The underlined word “reliability” means someone that you will ______. A．rely on B．call on C．go on D．hold on 36．D 37．A 38．B 39．C 40．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了好朋友应该具备的四个优良品质。 36．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In my opinion, understanding is the most important quality in choosing a good friend. (在我看来，理解是选择好朋友最重要的品质。)”可知，在作者看来，选择好朋友最重要的是理解。故选D项。 37．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Sometimes you will meet fair-weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. (有时你会遇到酒肉朋友。只要你有钱或有运气，他们就会和你在一起，但当你失意时，他们就会跑掉。)”可知，如果你遇到的是酒肉朋友，当你陷入困境求助时，你会遭到拒绝。故选A项。 38．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. (好朋友会努力去理解另一个人的感受。)”可知，好朋友需要理解对方的感受。故选B项。 39．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据倒数第二段中“There is a fourth quality that makes friend special. (有第四种品质使朋友不同寻常。)”以及最后一段中“When I meet someone that is reliable, honest, and understanding, I know I’ve found a good friend. (当我遇到一个可靠，诚实，善解人意的人，我知道我找到了一个好朋友。)”可知，本文主要介绍了好朋友的四个优良品质，所以本文是关于朋友的品质的。故选C项。 40．词句猜测题。划线词句后文“I can always depend on a good friend. (我总能依靠一个好朋友。)”说明好朋友是可以依赖的，是可靠的，从而推知划线词句“Another quality of a friend is reliability. (朋友的另一个品质是reliability)”其中划线词汇意思应为“可靠”，选项A“依赖”与之意义最为接近。故选A项。 说明文 1.(2023-2024学年上学期.天津市南开区.高一期中) Foreign visitors to the UK might be disappointed when they learn that not everyone there speaks like Harry Potter and his friends. Usually, there’s an assumption by many non-Brits that everyone in Britain speaks with what’s known as a Received Pronunciation (RP，标准发音) accent, also called “the Queen’s English”. However, while many people do talk this way, most Britons speak in their own regional accents (口音). Scouse, Glaswegian and Black Country — from Liverpool, Glasgow and the West Midlands — are just three of the countless non-RP accents that British people speak with. There are even differences in accents between towns or cities just 30 kilometers apart. What is even more disappointing is that not speaking in a RP accent may mean a British person is judged and even treated differently in their everyday life. In a 2015 study by The University of South Wales, videos of people reading a passage in three different UK accents were shown to a second group of people. The group then rated how intelligent they thought the readers sounded. The lowestrated accent was Brummie, native to people from Birmingham, a city whose accent is considered working class. However, there is no need to be disappointed though you are not speaking in a RP accent. In fact, doing the opposite may even give you strength. Kong Seongjae, 25, is an Internet celebrity from Seoul. After studying in the UK, he picked up several regional accents. He’s now famous for his online videos, where he shows off the various accents he’s learned. “British people usually get really excited when I use some of their local dialect words, and they become much friendlier. I think it makes a bit of bond between local people and foreigners to speak in their local accent,” he said. So if you’re working on perfecting your British accent, try to speak like someone from Liverpool, Glasgow or Birmingham. You may not sound like Harry Potter, but you are likely to make more friends. 41．What can we infer from Paragraph 1? A．Non-Brits usually hold that all Britons speak in a RP accent. B．Only “the Queen’s English” is accepted in the UK. C．Foreign visitors are disappointed at their on spoken English. D．Any Received Pronunciation around the world is also called “the Queen’s English”. 42．What do people think of the Brummie accent? A．Favored by foreign visitors to the UK. B．Closest to the RP accent. C．Smart and easy to understand. D．Spoken by people of lower class. 43．What does the underlined phrase “doing the opposite” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Speaking in a RP accent. B．Speaking in regional accents. C．Speaking the Brummie accent. D．Speaking like Harry Potter. 44．What is the passage mainly about? A．A study about the most intelligent accent in Britain. B．A comparison between different British accents. C．How much British people value the RP accent. D．The influence of regional accents on people’s lives. 【答案】41．A 42．D 43．B 44．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍英国标准音之外的一些方言使用情况，说明了地方口音对人们生活的影响。 41．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Usually, there’s an assumption by many non­Brits that everyone in Britain speaks with what’s known as a Received Pronunciation (RP，标准发音) accent, also called “the Queen’s English”. (通常，许多非英国人都认为每个英国人说话都带有所谓的标准发音(RP)口音，也被称为“标准英语”)”可知，非英国人通常认为所有的英国人都是标准口音。故选A。 42．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The lowestrated accent was Brummie, native to people from Birmingham, a city whose accent is considered working class.(评分最低的是伯明翰口音，这是伯明翰人的母语，而伯明翰的口音被认为是劳动阶级的口音)”可知，人们认为下层阶级使用伯明翰口音。故选D。 43．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“However, there is no need to be disappointed though you are not speaking in a RP accent. In fact, doing the opposite may even give you strength.(然而，即使你说的不是标准发音，也没有必要感到失望。事实上，相反的做法甚至可以给你力量。)”可知，没有必要为自己不用标准发音感到失望，结合“In fact(事实上)”和下文第五段“British people usually get really excited when I use some of their local dialect words, and they become much friendlier. I think it makes a bit of bond between local people and foreigners to speak in their local accent(当我使用一些当地方言单词时，英国人通常会非常兴奋，他们会变得更加友好。我认为用当地口音说话会在当地人和外国人之间建立一些联系)”更是揭示了使用地方口音真实的情况，所以“doing the opposite(相反的做法)”指的是“与标准发音相反的做法”，即“使用地方口音”。故选B。 44．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Usually, there’s an assumption by many non­Brits that everyone in Britain speaks with what’s known as a Received Pronunciation (RP，标准发音) accent, also called “the Queen’s English”. However, while many people do talk this way, most Britons speak in their own regional accents.(通常，许多非英国人都认为每个英国人说话都带有所谓的标准发音(RP)口音，也被称为“标准英语”。然而，虽然很多人确实这样说话，但大多数英国人说的是他们自己的地方口音)”，第二段中“What is even more disappointing is that not speaking in a RP accent may mean a British person is judged and even treated differently in their everyday life.(更令人失望的是，不说标准发音口音可能意味着一个英国人在日常生活中会受到不同的评判甚至对待)”和第五段中“British people usually get really excited when I use some of their local dialect words, and they become much friendlier. I think it makes a bit of bond between local people and foreigners to speak in their local accent (当我使用一些当地方言单词时，英国人通常会非常兴奋，他们会变得更加友好。我认为用当地口音说话会在当地人和外国人之间建立一些联系)”可知，文章主要通过介绍英国标准音之外的一些方言使用情况，说明了地方口音对人们生活的影响。故选D。 2.(2023-2024学年上学期.天津市耀华中学.高一期中) Teenagers who talk on the cellphone a lot, and hold their phones up to their right ears, score worse on one type of memory test. That’s the finding of a new study. That memory impairment might be one side effect of the radiation (放射线) that phones use to keep us connected while we’re on the go. Nearly 700 Swiss teens took part in a test of figural memory. This type helps us remember abstract (抽象的) symbols and shapes, explains Milena Foerster. The teens took memory tests twice, one year apart. Each time, they had one minute to remember 13pairs of abstract shapes. Then they were shown one item from each pair and asked to match it with one of the five choices. The study volunteers also took a test of verbal (言语的) memory. That’s the ability to remember words. The two memory tests are part of an intelligence test. The researchers also surveyed the teens on how they use cellphones. And they got call records from phone companies. The researchers used those records to figure out how long the teens were using their phones. This allowed the researchers to work out how big a radiation exposure (接触) each person could have got while talking. A phone user’s exposure to the radiation can differ widely. Some teens talk on their phones more than others. People also hold their phones differently. If the phone is close to the ear, more radiation may enter the body, Foerster notes. Even the type of network signal that a phone uses can matter. Much of Switzerland was using an older “second-generation” type of cellphone networks, the study reports. Many phone carriers (通讯公司) have moved away from such networks. And more companies plan to update their networks within the next few years. The teens’ scores in the figural memory tests were roughly the same from one year to the next. But those who normally held their phones near the right ears, and who were also exposed to higher levels of radiation, scored a little bit worse after a year. No group of teens showed big changes on the verbal memory test. Why might one type of memory be linked to cellphone use, but not another? Foerster thinks it could have to do with where different memory centers sit in the brain. The site that deals with the ability to remember shapes is near the right ear. 42．The underlined word “impairment” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ ”. A．association B．damage C．pattern D．improvement 43．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．How people hold their phones has no effect on their bodies. B．Phone users can make more money with new networks. C．The cellphone network type has little to do the cellphone use. D．Radiation levels are affected by the cellphone network types. 44．According to the study, teens who use their phones to their right ears a lot do worse in      . A．matching numbers B．reading signals C．remembering shapes D．learning words 45．What might be the best title for the text? A．Cellphone use and safety warnings B．Facts about cellphone use at school C．Dangerous levels of cellphone use among teens D．Teen’s cellphone use linked to memory problems 42．B 43．D 44．C 45．D 【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了一项新的发现，经常打电话并把手机举到右耳旁的青少年得分更低，这可能是手机辐射的副作用之一。 42．词句猜测题。根据前文“Teenagers who talk on the cellphone a lot, and hold their phones up to their right ears, score worse on one type of memory test.(在一项记忆力测试中，经常打电话并把手机举到右耳旁的青少年得分更低)”以及根据下文“one side effect of the radiation (放射线) ”（放射线副作用）可知，经常打电话并把手机举到右耳旁的青少年记忆力变差，推知memory impairment应是“记忆力损害”之意，所以impairment应和B项damage意思相近。故选B项。 43．推理判断题。根据第三段“Even the type of network signal that a phone uses can matter. Much of Switzerland was using an older “second-generation” type of cellphone networks, the study reports. Many phone carriers (通讯公司) have moved away from such networks. And more companies plan to update their networks within the next few years.(甚至手机使用的网络信号类型也很重要。该研究报告称，瑞士大部分地区使用的是较旧的“第二代”手机网络。许多电话运营商已经放弃了这种网络。更多的公司计划在未来几年内更新他们的网络)”可推知，辐射水平受手机网络类型的影响。故选D项。 44．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The teens’ scores in the figural memory tests were roughly the same from one year to the next. But those who normally held their phones near the right ears, and who were also exposed to higher levels of radiation, scored a little bit worse after a year. No group of teens showed big changes on the verbal memory test.(青少年在图形记忆测试中的得分每年都大致相同。但是，那些平时把手机放在右耳附近的人，以及那些暴露在更高水平辐射下的人，一年后的得分略差一些。没有一组青少年在言语记忆测试中表现出很大的变化)”可知，根据这项研究，经常用右耳打电话的青少年在图形记忆方面表现更差。故选C项。 45．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Teenagers who talk on the cellphone a lot, and hold their phones up to their right ears,score worse on one type of memory test. That’s the finding of a new study. That memory impairment might be one side effect of the radiation that phones use to keep us connected while we’re on the go.(在一项记忆力测试中，经常打电话并把手机举到右耳旁的青少年得分更低。这是一项新研究的发现。这种记忆损伤可能是手机辐射的副作用之一，手机在我们忙碌的时候用来保持联系)”结合后文的实验可知，本文主要讲述了手机的使用可能影响青少年的记忆力，所以D项“Teen’s cellphone use linked to memory problems(青少年使用手机与记忆力问题有关)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。 3.(2023-2024学年上学期.天津市和平区天津市第一中学.高一期中) Take a look inside a high school classroom. You will most likely find a teacher at the front of the class and students sitting at their desks. Yet, look closer, and you might notice a familiar scene: many of these students are not paying attention. Instead, they are dozing off (打盹) or even completely asleep. Today, the majority of high school students are not getting enough sleep. This is a serious problem, especially as students are doing more than ever with their time. They come to school early, spend hours listening to teachers and taking tests, then run off to practices and meetings, and come home to be faced with even more work. And the homework load these days is not light; teachers give hours’ worth of homework each night. Most kids need at least nine hours of sleep per night in order to function properly. Yet the period of this nine hours shifts as a child gets older. After puberty (青春期), the body’s internal clock changes so that it is difficult for teens to fall asleep before 11 p.m. So even if a student falls asleep at eleven, they would need to sleep until at least 8 am, to get a full night’s sleep. Considering the time at which most high schools in this country begin, those nine hours are clearly being shortened. Few high schools start after 8 a.m. However, there are schools that have paid attention to this research and pushed backward the start of their school day. In schools where the start time is after 8:30 in the morning, the teachers believe that there has been a real change in their students. They note that the students miss class less, pay more attention in class, perform better in class, and report lower levels of depression. The researchers of these studies say that the results are quite important and that more schools should consider pushing backward their start time of their school day. 27．Which of the following would the author agree with? A．High school students must go to bed before 10 p.m. B．High schools should begin their school day at a later time. C．Most schools should push forward the start of their school day. D．Kids should shorten their sleep time gradually as they grow older. 28．The second paragraph mainly discusses ________. A．why high school students should get more sleep B．what’s life like for college students at present C．why high school students feel sleepy in the classroom D．how to lighten high school students’ homework load 29．The underlined word “shifts” probably means “________”. A．arrives B．reduces C．increases D．changes 30．How do the teachers probably feel about the results of pushing backward the start of their school day? A．Disappointed. B．Satisfied. C．Puzzled. D．Surprised. 27．B 28．C 29．D 30．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了现在高中生课业负担重，导致学生睡眠不足而上课犯困、注意力不集中的现象，建议学校应减少课业，推迟上课时间，让学生由充足的睡眠。 27．推理判断题。由第四段中的“The researchers of these studies say that the results are quite important and that more schools should consider pushing backward their start time of their school day.(这些研究的研究人员说，研究结果非常重要，更多的学校应该考虑推迟上学时间)”可推知，作者也会赞同高中应该晚一点开始上课。故选B项。 28．主旨大意题。由第二段“Today, the majority of high school students are not getting enough sleep. This lack (缺乏) of sleep is a serious problem, especially as students are doing more than ever with their time. They come to school early, spend hours listening to teachers and taking tests, then run off to practices and meetings, and come home to be faced with even more work. And the homework load these days is not light; teachers give hours worth of homework each night.(今天，大多数高中生睡眠不足。睡眠不足是一个严重的问题，尤其是学生们在时间上做得比以往任何时候都多。他们早早来到学校，花几个小时听老师讲课，参加考试，然后跑去练习和开会，回家后还要面对更多的家庭作业。现在的家庭作业负担不轻，老师们每晚都要给学生们几个小时的作业量)”可知，本段讲述了为什么高中生在课堂上感到困倦——就是因为课业繁重和睡眠不足。故选C项。 29．词义猜测题。由第三段中划线词所在句后面的“After puberty (青春期), the body's internal clock changes so that it is difficult for teens to fall asleep before 11 p.m.(进入青春期后，人体内部的生物钟会发生变化，青少年很难在晚上11点之前入睡)”可推知，划线词所在句“Yet the period of this nine hours shifts as a child gets older.”意为“然而，这9个小时的时间随着孩子长大而改变”。划线词shifts在此处意为“changes(变化)”。故选D项。 30．推理判断题。由第四段中的“In schools where the start time is after 8:30 in the morning, the teachers believe that there has been a real change in their students. They note that the students miss class less, pay more attention in class, perform better in class, and report lower levels of depression.(在早上8:30以后开始上课的学校，老师们认为学生们已经发生了真正的变化。他们注意到，学生缺课少，在课堂上注意力更集中，在课堂上表现更好，而且抑郁程度较低)”可推知，老师们对推迟上课时间很满意。故选B项。 4.(2023-2024学年上学期.天津市五区重点校联考.高一期中) When you are a kid, gaining a best friend forever can happen in a single play date. But when you grow up to be an adult, making and maintaining friendships gets harder. So how much quality time (优质时光) do you need before that stranger becomes your friend? A new study recently found that, on average, it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual (感情不深的) friend, about 90 hours before you become real friends, and about 200 hours to become close friends. The study’s author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor, invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments — people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen. He asked them to rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person. “Results suggest that the chance of changing from casual friend to real friend is greater than 50% after around 80-100 hours together,” said Hall. The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness. “It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people as they are routinely in the same place at the same time as you,” Hall said. “However, my study shows you can have workmates you spend hundreds and hundreds of hours with and still not develop a friendship.” You do not need to become best friends with your workmates to develop meaningful relationships with them. But for those of us hoping to change from “girl who I eat lunch at work with” to “friend I can depend on,” Hall suggests that you need to take the relationship out of the workplace for it to become a friendship. The participants who did activities outside of work with someone, such as being invited to have lunch in their home, were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them. 46．What is the new study mainly about? A．Ways of making friends in a new environment. B．Why people need to make different friends. C．Different levels of friendship. D．How long it takes to develop a friendship. 47．What do we know about the participants in the study? A．They knew each other before. B．They had difficulty in making new friends. C．They were in great need of friends. D．They started their new life in the same city. 48．What does Hall want to tell us in paragraph 3? A．It is easy to get along well with classmates. B．Friendship closeness is related to communication. C．It is unnecessary to become best friends with workmates. D．Just spending enough time together doesn’t result in friendship. 49．What does the underlined word “routinely” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Usually. B．Impressive. C．Seldom. D．Confidently. 50．Which can help people build deeper relationships with workmates according to Hall? A．Joining the same work team. B．Having lunch at work with them. C．Inviting them to your home after work. D．Sharing work experience with each other. 【答案】46．D 47．C 48．D 49．A 50．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是科学告诉我们一个成年人需要多长时间才能交到一个新朋友，并且建议要想发展成为朋友需要将这种关系带出工作场所。 46．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A new study recently found that, on average, it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual (感情不深的) friend, about 90 hours before you become real friends, and about 200 hours to become close friends.(最近的一项新研究发现，平均来说，和一个人在一起大约50个小时后，你就会把他们当作普通朋友，大约90个小时后，你就会成为真正的朋友，大约200个小时后，你就会成为亲密的朋友。)”可知，研究发现与一个人在一起大约50小时会成为普通朋友，相处大约90个小时会成为真正的朋友，而相处大约200个小时后，就会成为亲密朋友，结合第二段中的“He asked them to rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person.(他要求他们评估和跟踪与一个陌生人在一起的亲密程度和时间。)”可知，在这项新研究中要求参与者评估和跟踪与一个陌生人在一起的亲密程度和花费的时间，由此可知，该新研究主要是研究发展一段友谊需要多长时间。故选D项。 47．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The study’s author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor, invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments — people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen.(该研究的作者、传播学教授杰弗里·霍尔(Jeffrey Hall)邀请渴望交朋友的成年人参加了两个实验——一个是过去六个月刚搬到一个新城市的人，另一个是大学新生。)”可知，研究者邀请渴望交朋友的成年人参加了两个实验，由此可知，这项研究的参与者都是希望交朋友的人。故选C项。 48．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness.(研究发现，在一起聊天的时间，或者你在学校或工作中与他们在一起的时间，与友谊的亲密程度无关。)”可知，研究发现，在一起聊天的时间或者是在学校或工作中，他们在一起的时间与友谊的亲密程度无关，结合下文中的“However, my study shows you can have workmates you spend hundreds and hundreds of hours with and still not develop a friendship.(然而，我的研究表明，你可以和同事一起度过成百上千个小时，但仍然没有发展出友谊。)”可知，与同事在一起度过成百上千小时仍然不会发展成为友谊，由此可知，仅仅在一起度过足够的时间不会导致友谊的产生。故选D项。 49．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness.(研究发现，在一起聊天的时间，或者你在学校或工作中与他们在一起的时间，与友谊的亲密程度无关。)”可知，在一起聊天的时间或者在学校或者工作中在一起的时间与友谊的亲密程度无关，结合划线单词前的“It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people(花很多时间和别人在一起真的很容易，)”可知，花很多时间与别人在一起很容易，划线单词所在的句子与此处为因果关系，由此可以推断，根据常识，作为学生或者同事，在一起很容易的原因是人们经常同时出现在同一个场所，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“经常”意义相近。故选A项。 50．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“The participants who did activities outside of work with someone, such as being invited to have lunch in their home, were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them.(在工作之外与他人一起参加活动的参与者，比如被邀请在他们家里吃午饭，更有可能与他们建立更深的关系。)”可知，在工作之外与他人一起参加活动的参与者更有可能与他们建立更深的关系，由此可知，下班之后，邀请他们到你的家里有助于和他们建立更深的关系。故选C项。 5. (2022-2023学年上学期.天津市河西区.高一期中) The English language is changing, and you are responsible! Whether we consider changes in grammar, spelling, pronunciation, or the very vocabulary of the language, you have played your part and continue to do so. When we first learned basic grammar and spelling, perhaps in elementary school, we might have gotten the impression that these things were sacred (神圣的). The rules that apply to such things might have been presented as unchanging and unchangeable. While this way might be helpful for teaching children, it is far from accurate. The English language, like many others, is a living, growing, ever-evolving (演变) thing. Like it or not, you are involved in this change. These changes take many forms. Grammar and spelling have changed greatly over the years and centuries, with the spelling differences in different countries today a reflection of this. While the language of a thousand years ago might be called English, most of us would hardly recognize it today as the same language. The first involves changes in the pronunciation of words. Many are familiar with the differences between the British and American ways of pronouncing certain words. In addition to these differences, the pronunciation of many words has changed over the years because of how you have decided to pronounce them. For example, consider the word “err.” The traditional pronunciation of this word rhymes with the word “her.” Older dictionaries show this to be the primary or only pronunciation. However, in recent years, more and more people have been pronouncing it so that it sounds like “air.” Another change in the language involves the addition and removal of words. The makers of dictionaries decide which words deserve to be officially adopted as part of the English language. Through the centuries, many words have come from other languages. In fact, English has probably done this more than any other language in the world, which is why spelling and pronunciation rules for English have so many exceptions. Of course, many slang words (俚语) have been just short-lived fashions that have died out quickly. Others, though, have been adopted by main stream society and become respectable, as have many technical terms. So then remember, the next time you repeat the newest expression to hit the street, or make up your own words, you may be contributing to the future of the English language. 41．When we begin to learn English, we think ______. A．it is interesting to pick up a new language B．English rules are wrongly presented in fact C．grammar and speiling rules are unchangeable D．only adults have the ability to affect a language 42．The underlined word “accurate” in Paragraph 2 means ______ in every detail. A．correct B．wrong C．different D．similar 43．From paragraph 3 we can know that ______. A．we can change the English language B．many languages are changing over years C．English has changed little in the past 1,000 years D．there were main changes in grammar and pronunciation 44．Why is the pronunciation of words changing? A．Because people choose the way to pronounce them. B．Because those words are too difficult to pronounce. C．Because the spellings of words change. D．Because technology develops greatly in modern society. 45．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Foreign words involved in English. B．Slang words reshape the English world. C．English language is changeable. D．British speaks differently from Americans. 41．C 42．A 43．B 44．A 45．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英语这一语言一直在变化，而在这个变化中，我们每个人都起着作用，无论从语法、拼写、发音或语言词汇的变化，而且我们并将继续这样做。 41．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When we first learned basic grammar and spelling, perhaps in elementary school, we might have gotten the impression that these things were sacred(神圣的). The rules that apply to such things might have been presented as unchanging and unchangeable.(当我们第一次学习基本的语法和拼写时，也许是在小学，我们可能会有这样的印象，这些东西是神圣的。适用于这些事情的规则可能被描述为不变的和不可改变的)”可知，当我们开始学习英语时，我们认为语法和拼写规则是不可改变的。故选C。 42．词句猜测题。根据划线词前一句“The rules that apply to such things might have been presented as unchanging and unchangeable.”（适用于这些事情的规则可能被描述为不变的和不可改变的。）可知，语法和拼写的规则是不变的，不可改变的。划线词所在句“While this way might be helpful for teaching children, it is far from accurate.”（虽然这种方法可能有助于教育孩子，但它远远不够accurate。）可知，学习语法和拼写的规则的方法可能有助于教育孩子，但是远远不够。即这个方法在每个细节上并非是正确的。可推知，划线词此处的含义为“准确，正确”，故选A。 43．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The English language, like many others, is a living, growing, ever-evolving(演变) thing. Like it or not, you are involved(参与) in this change. These changes take many forms. Grammar and spelling have changed greatly over the years and centuries, with the spelling differences in different countries today a reflection of this.(英语和其他许多语言一样，是一种活的、成长的、不断进化的语言。不管你喜不喜欢，你都参与了这个变化。这些变化有多种形式。几个世纪以来，语法和拼写发生了巨大的变化，今天不同国家的拼写差异反映了这一点)”可知，许多语言多年来都在变化。故选B。 44．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In addition to these differences, the pronunciation of many words has changed over the years because of how you have decided to pronounce them.(除了这些差异之外，许多单词的发音多年来也因为你决定如何发音而发生了变化)”可知，人们选择的发音的方式不同导致了单词发音不同。故选A。 45．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The English language is changing, and you are responsible!(英语正在发生变化，你要负责)”以及下文内容可知，英语正在发生改变，你也有责任！结合文章主要说明了英语正在发生改变，且每个人都参与其中。指出英语和其他许多语言一样，是一种活的、成长的、不断进化的语言。不管你喜不喜欢，你都参与了这个变化。同时分析了英语发生变化的原因。由此可知，C选项“英语语言是可改变的”最符合文章标题。故选C。 6.(2022-2023学年上学期.天津市耀华中学.高一期中) The shadow play is a typical traditional entertainment that has survived and thrived over the centuries. It is taken as an earliest ancestor of modern cinema. Legend has it that more than 2,000 years ago, Emperor Wu of Han was very depressed about the death of his favorite concubine. To help him get over his sadness, a minister made a puppet out of cotton and silk in the likeness of the concubine and projected its shadow on a curtain for the emperor to see. The show brought the emperor some comfort. He somehow believed the shadow was his lover's spirit. This is thought to be the beginning of the shadow play. One mouth tells stories of thousands of years; a pair of hands operate millions of soldiers. This is how the shadow puppeteer works. Nicknamed “the business of the five”, a shadow play group is made up of five people. One operates the puppets, one plays a suona and a yueqin, one plays the banhu, one is in charge of percussion instruments, and one sings. During performances, “actors” are held close to a white curtain with their colored shadows cast on it by a strong light from behind. The operator plays five puppets at the same time, each of which has three threads. Ten fingers handle fifteen threads. Moved by guiding sticks, the puppets play roles with musical accompaniment, The popularity of the shadow play in some way lies in the equipment being light and easy to carry, the small number of people needed for a performance, and the flexible requirements for performance places. The plays can be quite dramatic and, when it comes to myths or kung fu stories, the “actors” may be made to ride on clouds or perform unusual feats, to the great enjoyment of the audience, especially children. The audience can tell a figure's character by seeing his mask. Like the masks in Beijing opera, a red mask represents loyalty and bravery. Nowadays, the shadow play has been industrialized and developed a series of tourist products for the promotion of Chinese culture and tourism. 43．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．A love story of Emperor Wu of Han. B．The origin of the shadow play. C．How to please an emperor. D．How to make a cotton puppet. 44．According to the author, the audience may take great pleasure________. A．when roles are played without music B．because the equipment is light to carry C．because the number of the operators is small D．when the puppets give lively performances 45．What is the author's attitude towards the future of the shadow play? A．Positive. B．Friendly. C．Doubtful. D．Negative. 46．What is the author's main purpose in writing the text? A．To promote the shadow play. B．To explain the art of shadow play. C．To teach people to operate the shadow puppetry. D．To enjoy the traditional characters and masks in Beijing Opera. 43．B 44．D 45．A 46．B 【导语】本文是说明文。皮影戏是一种典型的传统娱乐形式，已经存活并蓬勃发展了几个世纪。文章从皮影戏的起源，表演者的工作分工，具体表演及其发展状况等方面介绍了这一艺术形式。 43．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Legend has it that more than 2,000 years ago. Emperor Wu of Han was very depressed about the death of his favorite concubine. To help him get over his sadness, a minister made a puppet out of cotton and silk in the likeness of the concubine and projected its shadow on a curtain for the emperor to see. The show brought the emperor some comfort. He somehow believed the shadow was his lover's spirit. This is thought to be the beginning of the shadow play.(传说在两千多年前，汉武帝因其最喜欢的妃子去世感到非常沮丧。为了帮助他摆脱悲伤，一个大臣用棉花和丝绸制成了一个像妃子一样的木偶，并将其影子投射在幕布上供皇帝看。这场表演给皇帝带来一些安慰，他相信那个影子就是他妃子的灵魂。这被认为是皮影戏的开始)”可知，本段介绍的是皮影戏的起源。故选B。 44．细节理解题。根据第四段“The plays can be quite dramatic and, when it comes to myths or kung fu stories, the “actors” may be made to ride on clouds or perform unusual feats, to the great enjoyment of the audience, especially children.(皮影戏可以相当戏剧化，当涉及到神话或功夫故事时，“演员”可能会骑在云上或表演不同寻常的技艺，给观众，尤其是孩子们带来极大的乐趣)”可知，当演员操作皮影进行生动表演时，观众们会得到极大的乐趣。故选D。 45．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nowadays, the shadow play has been industrialized and developed a series of tourist products for the promotion of Chinese culture and tourism.(如今，皮影戏已经工业化，并开发了一系列的旅游产品，以促进中国文化和旅游)”可推知，作者对皮影戏的未来持肯定态度，故选A。 46．推理判断题。文章第一段介绍皮影戏是一种典型的传统娱乐形式，已经存活并蓬勃发展了几个世纪，第二段介绍皮影戏的起源，第三段介绍皮影戏表演者的工作分工，第四段介绍皮影戏的具体表演，最后一段介绍皮影戏的发展状况。故可推知，作者写本文是为了向读者介绍皮影戏这种艺术形式。故选B。 7.(2022-2023学年上学期.天津市耀华中学.高一期中) Do you know the actress who starred in the film My Fairy Lady? It is Audrey Hepburn, who won an Academy Award as Best Actress for her first major American movie, Roman Holiday, which was released in 1953. But she is remembered as much for her aid work as for her acting. Though she was born in Belgium in 1929, Audrey was sent to live at a British school for part of her childhood. During World War Ⅱ, she lived and studied in the Netherlands. Her mother thought it would be safe from German attacks. Audrey studied dance as a teenager and during college. But when she returned to London after the war she realized she wasn’t going to be a ballerina. So she began taking acting parts in stage shows. Later she began to get small parts in movies. But it was Audrey Hepburn’s move to America that brought her true fame. In 1951 she played the character “Gigi” in the Broadway play of the same name to great critical praise. Two years later, Roman Holiday made her a star at the age of 24. Audrey made more than 25 movies. Among her most popular roles was Hoolly Golinghtly in Breakfast at Tiffany’s in 1961. Three years later she played Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady. She was married two times and had one child by each husband. In 1989, the UN Children’s Fund named Audrey a goodwill ambassador. She travelled all over the world in support of UNICEF (联合国儿童基金会) projects. The UN agency said she was a tireless worker. She often gave 15 interviews a day to gain money and support for UNICEF projects. She worked for the charity until her death in 1993 from colon cancer. 47．In Paragraph 1, “her aid work” means________. A．winning an Academy Award as Best Actress B．taking acting parts in stage shows C．acting as a goodwill ambassador for UNICEF D．making her own movies 48．The reason why Audrey lived and studied in the Netherlands was that________. A．she wanted to be a ballerina B．her parents were from Britain C．the education there was excellent D．it was safe there 49．We can infer from the passage that________. A．Audrey lived in America in the 1950s B．Audrey’s parents lived in Germany during World War Ⅱ C．Audrey was made to give up dancing D．the character “Gigi” in the Broadway play was her most popular role 50．________is NOT mentioned in the passage about Audrey Hepburn. A．Marriage B．Job C．Religion D．Contribution 47．C 48．D 49．A 50．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍电影明星奥黛丽·赫本，并讲述了她的生活经历、工作、婚姻及社会贡献。 47．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“In 1989, the UN Children’s Fund named Audrey a goodwill ambassador. She travelled all over the world in support of UNICEF (联合国儿童基金会) projects. The UN agency said she was a tireless worker. She often gave 15 interviews a day to gain money and support for UNICEF projects. She worked for the charity until her death in 1993 from colon cancer. (1989年，联合国儿童基金会任命奥黛丽为亲善大使。她周游世界，支持联合国儿童基金会的项目。联合国机构说她是一个不知疲倦的工人。她经常每天接受15次采访，为联合国儿童基金会的项目争取资金和支持。她为慈善机构工作，直到1993年因结肠癌去世。)”可知，奥黛丽的援助工作指的是作为联合国儿童基金会的亲善大使，为联合国儿童基金会的项目争取资金和支持。her aid work指的是“担任联合国儿童基金会亲善大使”。故选C。 48．细节理解题。根据第二段“Her mother thought it would be safe from German attacks. (她的母亲认为那儿是安全的，不会受到德国的袭击。)”可知，奥黛丽在荷兰生活和学习是因为那儿不会受到德国的袭击，比较安全。故选D。 49．推理判断题。根据第三段“But it was Audrey Hepburn’s move to America that brought her true fame. In 1951 she played the character “Gigi” in the Broadway play of the same name to great critical praise. Two years later, Roman Holiday made her a star at the age of 24. (但正是奥黛丽·赫本搬到美国，才让她真正出名。1951年，她在百老汇同名戏剧中扮演Gigi一角，获得了极大的好评。两年后，《罗马假日》让她在24岁时成为明星。)”可知，奥黛丽·赫本搬到美国后，拍了很多著名的电影，这让她变得出名。故推知她拍出优秀的作品，出名时，她正在美国。根据原文1951年演Gigi获得好评，两年后的1953年出演了《罗马假日》，让她成为明星。故奥黛丽在20世纪50年代生活在美国。故选A。 50．细节理解题。根据第二段“So she began taking acting parts in stage shows. Later she began to get small parts in movies. (因此，她开始在舞台表演中扮演角色。后来她开始在电影中出演小角色。)”及最后一段“She was married two times and had one child by each husband. In 1989, the UN Children’s Fund named Audrey a goodwill ambassador. She travelled all over the world in support of UNICEF (联合国儿童基金会) projects. The UN agency said she was a tireless worker. She often gave 15 interviews a day to gain money and support for UNICEF projects. She worked for the charity until her death in 1993 from colon cancer. (她结过两次婚，每个丈夫都有一个孩子。1989年，联合国儿童基金会任命奥黛丽为亲善大使。她走遍世界各地支持儿童基金会的项目。联合国机构称她是一个不知疲倦的工作人员。她经常每天接受15次采访，以获得资金和对联合国儿童基金会项目的支持。她一直为慈善机构工作，直到1993年因结肠癌去世。)”可知，文章介绍了奥黛丽的婚姻、工作和贡献。文章并未提及宗教，故选C。 议论文 1. (2023-2024学年上学期.天津市八校联考.高一期中) Richard is a very a successful businessman. It is common for him to work hard with a non-stop. He wasn’t aware that he might wear himself out or die an early death until he overslept one morning, which was a sort of alarm. And then what happened? He had a week’s leave during which time he read novels, listened to music and walked with his wife on a beach, which has enabled Richard to return to work again. In our modern life, we have lost the rhythm between action and rest. Amazingly, within this world there is a universal but silly saying: “I am so busy.” We say this to one another as if our tireless efforts were a talent by nature and an ability to successfully deal with stress. The busier we are, the more important we seem to ourselves and, we imagine, to others. To be unavailable to our friends and family, and to be unable to find time to relax — this has become the model of a successful life. Because we do not rest, we lose our way. We miss the guide telling us where to go, the food providing us with strength, the quiet giving us wisdom. How have we allowed this to happen? I believe it is this: we have forgotten the Sabbath, the day of the week — for followers of some religions — for rest and praying. It is a day when we are not supposed to work, a time when we devote ourselves to enjoying and celebrating what is beautiful. It is a good time to bless our children and loved ones, give thanks, share meals, walk and sleep. It is a time for us to take a rest, to put our work aside, trusting that there are larger forces at work taking care of the world. Rest is s spiritual and biological need; however, in our strong ambition to be successful and care for our many responsibilities, we may feel terribly guilty when we take time to rest. The Sabbath gives us permission to stop work. In fact, “Remember the Sabbath” is more than simply permission to rest; it is a rule to obey and a principle to follow. 46．What’s the function of the paragraph 1? A．To tell us that Richard lives a healthy life. B．To bring up the topic of the passage. C．To give us a brief introduction of Richard D．To tell Richard is a successful businessman. 47．The “alarm” in the first paragraph refers to “_______”. A．a signal of stress B．a warning of danger C．a sign of age D．a spread of disease 48．According to Paragraph 3, a successful person is one who is believed to _______. A．be able to work without stress B．be more talented than other people C．be more important than anyone else D．be busying working without time to rest 49．According to the passage during the Sabbath, what we should do except _____. A．Praying for our family. B．Taking a good break. C．Only working for two hours. D．Enjoying delicious meal. 50．What is the main idea of this passage? A．We should balance work with rest. B．The Sabbath gives us permission to rest. C．It is silly for anyone to say “I am busy.” D．We should be available to our family and friends. 46．B 47．B 48．D 49．C 50．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了在现代生活中，我们已经失去了工作与休息之间的节奏，没有意识到休息是精神上和心理上的需要，我们应该平衡生活和休息，不会休息的人就不会工作。 46．推理判断题。由第一段“Richard is a very a successful businessman. It is common for him to work hard with a non-stop. He wasn’t aware that he might wear himself out or die an early death until he overslept one morning, which was a sort of alarm. And then what happened? He had a week’s leave during which time he read novels, listened to music and walked with his wife on a beach, which has enabled Richard to return to work again. (理查德是一位非常成功的商人。他经常不停地努力工作。直到有一天早上睡过头，他才意识到自己可能会精疲力竭或早逝，这是一种警钟。然后发生了什么？他请了一周假，其间他读小说、听音乐，并和妻子在海滩上散步，这使理查德得以再次回到工作岗位)”可知，第一段讲述了一个成功的商人理查德不间断地工作直到累到早晨没有按时醒来，才意识到自己的问题，于是离开工作去休假，结合第二段中的“In our modern life, we have lost the rhythm between action and rest. (在现代生活中，我们已经失去了行动和休息之间的节奏)”提出了本文的主题：人们只工作，不会休息，因此推断第一段的作用是引出文章的话题。故选B项。 47．词句猜测题。由第一段中的“He wasn’t aware that he might wear himself out or die an early death until he overslept one morning, which was a sort of alarm. And then what happened? He had a week’s leave during which time he read novels, listened to music and walked with his wife on a beach, which has enabled Richard to return to work again. (直到有一天早上睡过头，他才意识到自己可能会精疲力竭或早逝，这是一种alarm。然后发生了什么？他请了一周假，其间他读小说、听音乐，并和妻子在海滩上散步，这使理查德得以再次回到工作岗位)”可知，理查德没有意识到自己会疲惫，或者会早逝，直到有一天睡过了头，which指代上文的内容，因此推断这次睡过头是一个危险的警告，提醒了理查德应该去休假，alarm指的是“危险的警告”。故选B项。 48．细节理解题。由第三段中的“The busier we are, the more important we seem to ourselves and, we imagine, to others. To be unavailable to our friends and family, and to be unable to find time to relax — this has become the model of a successful life. (我们越忙，我们自己看来似乎我们就越重要，我们认为，对别人也一样。没有时间陪朋友和家人，没有时间放松——这已经成为成功生活的典范)”可知，一个成功的人被认为是一个忙于工作没时间休息的人。故选D项。 49．细节理解题。由倒徵第二段中的“It is a day when we are not supposed to work, a time when we devote ourselves to enjoying and celebrating what is beautiful. It is a good time to bless our children and loved ones, give thanks, share meals, walk and sleep. It is a time for us to take a rest, to put our work aside, trusting that there are larger forces at work taking care of the world. (这是一个我们不应该工作的日子，一个我们全神贯注于享受和庆祝美好事物的日子。这是一个祝福我们的孩子和亲人、感恩、分享食物、散步和睡觉的好时机。这是我们休息的时候，把我们的工作放在一边，相信有更大的力量在工作，照顾世界)”可知，在休息日，我们应该为家人祈祷，好好休息，享受美食，不应该工作，C项“只工作两小时”不应该做。故选C项。 50．主旨大意题。由第四段“Because we do not rest, we lose our way. We miss the guide telling us where to go, the food providing is with strength, the quiet giving us wisdom. (因为我们不休息，我们就会迷失方向。我们想念导游告诉我们该去哪里，食物给我们力量，安静给我们智慧)”和最后一段中的“Rest is s spiritual and biological need (休息是精神和生理上的需要)”及“In fact, “Remember the Sabbath” is more than simply permission to rest; it is a rule to obey and a principle to follow. (事实上，“记住安息日”不仅仅是允许你休息；它是要遵守的规则，是要遵循的原则)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了不要只是记住工作，也要学会休息，要平衡工作和休息。故选A项。 2. (2023-2024学年上学期.天津滨海新区塘沽第一中学.高一期中) It’s good to make mistakes, and here is why. First of all, mistakes are a clear sign that we are trying new things. It’s always good to try new things because when we are trying new things, we are growing. If we never try anything new, how can we improve? How can we expand? The simple answer is “We can’t”. Around us, everything in our physical world is the result of someone trying something new. Another good thing about mistakes is this: When we are making mistakes, we are learning. Consider this-Edison failed 10,000 times before he perfected the light bulb. When asked how it felt to fail that many times, he said that he had learned 10,000 things that didn’t work. Finally, when we make a mistake, we are much closer to success. Why? Because when all is said and done, we will have tried some number of things before we succeeded. Every time we make a mistake, we eliminate one of those things and are one step closer. But all this doesn’t mean that we should go through life without considering the result of a mistake. Quite the contrary, when we try something new, we have to be willing to set some reasonable limits. We shouldn’t do anything blindly. Because we all have limited resources—in the form of time and money, so we must realize that it probably won’t be perfect the first time and arrange these resources appropriately so we can learn, make corrections, and try it again. Only by accepting and using our mistakes in this way can we make significant advances in our lives. There is an old saying that goes, “If you’re not making mistakes, you’re not trying hard enough.” So go forth and make mistakes. And learn. And grow. 51．From the second paragraph, we can conclude that ______. A．mistakes are unnecessary for development B．mistakes let us see our own limits C．it’s common for people to make mistakes D．making mistakes is better than not trying 52．According to the passage, if we try new things, we can ______. A．move forward B．never fail C．obtain nothing D．be closer to mistakes 53．The underlined word “eliminate” means ______. A．make up for B．get rid of C．choose D．solve 54．According to the passage, one thing we should pay attention to about making mistakes is ______. A．avoiding making the same mistakes B．accepting the outcome willingly C．making proper arrangements for our next try D．hiding the results after each mistake 55．The article is mainly about ______. A．how to deal with mistakes B．what benefits making mistakes brings C．how to achieve success D．how to make use of our mistakes 51．D 52．A 53．B 54．C 55．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述犯错不是坏事，犯错误会带来的好处并使人成长这一观点。 51．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It’s always good to try new things because when we are trying new things, we are growing. If we never try anything new, how can we improve? How can we expand?(尝试新事物总是很好的，因为当我们尝试新事物时，我们正在成长。如果我们从不尝试任何新的东西，我们如何改进？我们如何扩张？)”可知，犯错要比不去尝试要好，故选D项。 52．推理判断题。根据第二段中“It’s always good to try new things because when we are trying new things, we are growing.(尝试新事物总是很好的，因为当我们尝试新事物时，我们正在成长。)”可知，尝试新事物可以让我们进步，让我们成长，故选A项。 53．词句猜测题。根据下文中“are one step closer.(与成功更进一步)”可知，这里要说的是消除错误，短语get rid of“摆脱，除去”符合题意，故选B项。 54．推理判断提。根据第五段中“But all this doesn’t mean that we should go through life without considering the result of a mistake. Quite the contrary, when we try something new, we have to be willing to set some reasonable limits. We shouldn’t do anything blindly.(但这一切并不意味着我们应该在生活中不考虑错误的后果。恰恰相反，当我们尝试新事物时，我们必须愿意设定一些合理的限制。我们不应该盲目地做任何事情。)”可知，我们犯错后，再尝试新事物时，我们要进行合理的安排，故选C项。 55．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“It’s good to make mistakes, and here is why.(犯错是好事，原因如下。)”、第二段中“First of all, mistakes are a clear sign that we are trying new things. (首先，错误是我们尝试新事物的明确标志。)”、第三段中“Another good thing about mistakes is this: When we are making mistakes, we are learning.(关于错误的另一个好处是:当我们犯错误的时候，我们在学习。)”、第四段中“Finally, when we make a mistake, we are much closer to success. (最后，当我们犯错误时，我们离成功更近了。)”和最后一段“There is an old saying that goes, ‘If you’re not making mistakes, you’re not trying hard enough.’ So go forth and make mistakes. And learn. And grow.(有句老话说得好，“如果你不犯错误，那就是你不够努力。”所以你可以继续犯错。学习。并且成长。)”可推知，本文主要讲的是犯错误带来的好处。故选B项。 3. (2023-2024学年上学期.天津市南开区.高一期中) Many of us mistakenly believe that it's wrong to think we have any good qualities. We may spend a lot of time blaming ourselves for our negative qualities, thinking that self criticism is the key to improving our performance. However, a constant focus on our supposed shortcomings can stop our efforts to make friends with other people. How can we believe that others could like us if we believe our inner being is flawed（有缺陷）? If someone seems to dislike you, the reason for that dislike might have little or nothing to do with you. The person who doesn't like you might be fearful, or shallow, or busy or shy. Perhaps you and that person are simply a mismatch for each other at this particular time. Don't take yourself out of the game by deciding that your flaws are bigger than your good qualities. In fact, some of the very qualities you consider to be flaws may be irresistible to someone else. For all the factors that might cause one person to reject you, there are at least as many factors that will work in your favor with someone else. You might be thirty pounds over your ideal weight, but you may have a wonderful laugh and a real enthusiasm for life. There are many people who don’t mind your extra pounds. You may drive a shabby car, but you might be a great dancer and a loyal friend. There are people out there looking for loyalty, or fun, or sweetness, or wisdom, and the package it comes in is not important. If you are worried that you are not beautiful enough to attract friends, keep in mind that not everyone is looking for physical beauty in their friends. You can decide to feel inferior（自卑） because you don't have much money and you don't drive a nice car. You can believe that this is the reason that you don't have many friends in your life. On the other hand, if you are very wealthy you may be suspicious that everyone is after your money and that nobody really likes you as a person. The point is that you can focus on just about anything and believe it's the reason you do not have friends and cannot make any. 45．According to the author ________plays an important role in making friends. A．modesty B．confidence C．admitting your shortcomings D．self criticism 46．If you are not liked by a person, _________ . A．you may not be the one to be blamed B．you and that person misunderstand each other C．you should find the reason in yourself D．you’d better talk with the person face to face 47．We can learn from the third paragraph that ________ . A．you’ll have few friends if your flaws a re bigger than your good qualities B．your negative qualities cause a person to reject you C．your weakness may also be your strengths in some way D．your good qualities may turn out to be your flaws 48．Which of the following is true according to the author? A．Inner qualities are more important than physical appearance. B．It is easier for a wealthy person to make friends. C．It is important to lose weight. D．If you are not beautiful enough, try to improve your physical beauty. 49．What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write? A．How to lose weight. B．How to make friends. C．How to make self criticism. D．How to find your good qualities. 【答案】45．B 46．A 47．C 48．A 49．D 【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为我们不应该总是把焦点放在自己的缺点上，我们更多地应该关注自己的优点，内在的好品质远比外表重要的多。 45．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, a constant focus on our supposed shortcomings can stop our efforts to make friends with other people. How can we believe that others could like us if we believe our inner being is flawed（有缺陷）?（然而，一味地关注我们所谓的缺点会阻止我们交朋友。如果我们相信自己的内心是有缺陷的，我们怎么能相信别人会喜欢我们呢？）”可知，作者认为自信对我们交朋友有很重要的作用。故选B项。 46．细节理解题。根据第二段“If someone seems to dislike you, the reason for that dislike might have little or nothing to do with you.（如果某人看起来不喜欢你，那么这种不喜欢的原因可能和你没有什么关系。）”可知，如果你不被某人喜欢，这可能和你没有关系，所以你可能不应该是被责备的那一个。故选A项。 47．推理判断题。根据第三段“In fact, some of the very qualities you consider to be flaws may be irresistible to someone else. For all the factors that might cause one person to reject you, there are at least as many factors that will work in your favor with someone else.（事实上，一些你认为是缺点的特质，对其他人来说可能是充满诱惑的。在所有可能导致一个人拒绝你的因素中，至少有同样多的因素会对另一个人起作用。）”可知，一些你认为的缺点在某些人看来可能就是优点。故选C项。 48．细节理解题。根据最后一段“You might be thirty pounds over your ideal weight, but you may have a wonderful laugh and a real enthusiasm for life…If you are worried that you are not beautiful enough to attract friends, keep in mind that not everyone is looking for physical beauty in their friends.（你可能比理想体重多了30磅，但你可能拥有美妙的笑声和对生活的真正热情。……如果你担心自己不够漂亮，无法吸引朋友，请记住，并不是每个人都希望自己的朋友长得漂亮。）”可知，作者认为内在的品质比外表重要。故选A项。 49．推理判断题。根据全文内容和最后一段“The point is that you can focus on just about anything and believe it's the reason you do not have friends and cannot make any.（关键在于，你可以专注于任何事情，并相信这就是你没有朋友、也不能交朋友的原因。）”可知，文章主要讨论了内在品质比外表重要的多，所以可以推断出接下来作者可能会给出提高内在好品质的建议。故选D项。 ( 10 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$