Unit 2 The universal language Grammar and Usage 课件-2023-2024学年高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册

Unit 2 The universal language Grammar and usage Lead in: Do you know the name of this piece of music? The story of Boya and Zhong Ziqi Exploring the rules In China’s Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, there lived a man named Boya, who was a master of the qin. Playing the qin was his life. He played so well that everyone enjoyed listening to his music and thought highly of his techniques. However, Boya believed no one could understand his music until he met Zhong Zigi. Boya did not say anything before playing the qin, yet Zhong Ziqi was able to paint a picture of great mountain ranges in his mind. When Boya continued playing, Zhong Ziqi said he had heard the sound of a river flowing quickly. In fact, Boya had intended to call the piece High Mountains and Flowing Water. Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya, who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi. The two soon became great friends and before going their separate ways, they agreed to meet at the Mid-Autumn Festival the next year. However, Zhong Ziqi failed to show up on that day. When Boya learnt about Zhong Ziqi’s death, he was overcome with sorrow. He played High Mountains and Flowing Water in front of Zhong Ziqi’s grave. After he finished playing the piece, he destroyed the qin and said, “Since the only person that understands my music is gone, it’s no use keeping the qin.” Verb-ing forms as subjects Playing the qin was his life. Verb-ing forms as objects ... everyone enjoyed listening ... Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya, ... ..., it’s no use keeping the qin. Boya did not say anything before playing the qin, ... When Boya continued playing, ... ... who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi. ... before going their separate ways, ... After he finished playing the piece, ... Find the sentences that use verb-ing forms as subjects or objects When the verb-ing form is used as the subject of a sentence, we can sometimes use the preparatory subject (形式主语) (1) at the beginning of the sentence. The verb-ing form can also be used as the object of a (2) or a (3) . verb it preposition Working out the rules 动词-ing形式是动词的一种 _______形式，包括__________和_______。 本宫一日不死，尔等终究是妃！ 臣妾 现在分词 臣妾 过去分词 臣妾 不定式 臣妾 动名词 非谓语 现在分词 动名词 动名词在句中充当的成分与名词类似，即作主语、宾语、表语（说明主语是什么东西）、定语（表示用途，目的） 现在分词的作用类似于形容词和副词，在句子中主要充当定语（表动作）、状语、补语、表语（说明主语是怎样的） 1.Listening to Boya's music ______(be) a kind of enjoyment. 2.Playing qin ______(be) his life. 3.__________(listen) to Boya’s music was worthwhile. Verb-ing形式作主语 was Listening was It was worthwhile listening to Boya’s music. 总结： 1.v-ing做主语，一般表示泛指的、习惯性的行为，谓语动词用___数. 单 2.v-ing在句中做主语时，有时可以用形式主语____代替. it It is worthwhile doing... 做......是值得的 It is ________/_________ doing... 做......无用的 It is __________ doing ... 做......是没有好处的 It is __________________ ... 做......是浪费时间的 There is no point (in) doing... ________________ no use useless no good a waste of time 做......没有意义 注意: There is no need _________... 做.....没必要 to do 1. 继续等他没有用了。 2. 为那个计划争论简直就是浪费时间。 It’s no use waiting for him any longer. It’s really a waste of time arguing about that plan. 常见的it作形式主语句型 Verb-ing形式作宾语 1.Boya didn’t say anything before playing the qin, yet ... 2.When Boya continued playing, Zhong Ziqi said ... 3.In fact, Boya had intended to call the piece … 4.From then on, Boya never got tired of sharing his music. 总结： v-ing 跟在____，_____和_________之后做宾语，如continue，before，get tired of等 动词 介词 短语 1.只能后接动词 -ing 形式作宾语的动词： 避免错过少延期 （_______,________,_______________________） 建议完成多练习 （_______,________,__________） 喜欢想象禁不住 （_______,__________,_________________） 承认否定与嫉妒 （_______,________,_______） 逃避冒险莫原谅 （_______,________,_______） 忍受保持不介意 （_______,________,_______） 考虑欣赏不阻止 （_________,____________,____________________） People can't help___________(laugh) at that foolish man. 人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。 avoid miss delay/postpone/put off advise finish practise enjoy imagine can't help admit deny envy escape risk excuse stand keep mind consider appreciate prevent/forbid禁止 laughing e.g. They advise ________(solve) the problem in this way. 他们建议用这种方法解决这个问题。 We don’t allow anybody ___________ (smoke) here. 我们不允许任何人在这儿吸烟。 在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成 allow/advise/forbid/permit + sb. to do. doing solving to smoke 2.介词：by, before, after, without 等 3. 常见的跟动名词形式作宾语的短语有： insist on 坚持 object to 反对 be good at 擅长 be fond of 喜欢 lead to 导致 give up 放弃 look forward to 期待 feel like 感觉/想要... be devoted to 致力于 get down to 开始做 get/be used to 习惯... pay attention to 集中精力做 be worth 值得.. spend…(in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事 be capable of doing 能够... have trouble /difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 ① She insisted on ________ (write) at once. ② They objected to _______ (leave) the motel. 她坚持马上就写。 他们反对离开这家汽车旅馆。 ③ I don't feel like _______ (go) to the movie. 我不想去看电影。 writing leaving going 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词：begin, start, continue, like, dislike, love, prefer, mean, forget, remember, hate, regret 等。 (1) 在begin, start, continue之后，用动名词和不定式, 意义无区别。 (2) 在like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后，用动名词或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同：动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。 (3) 在动词forget, remember, regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同：动名词表示动作______发生，不定式表示动作______发生。 Tips 已经 还没 forget doing sth 忘记曾经做过某事(动作已发生) forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事(动作并未发生) a. I will never forget hearing her singing that song. b. I have forgotten to bring my umbrella. 我忘了带伞。 我将不会忘记听过她唱那支歌的情景。 a. I remember seeing you somewhere in London. b. Do you remember to post the letter? remember doing sth 记得曾经做过某事（动作已发生） remember to do sth 记住去做某事（动作还没有发生） 我记得在伦敦什么地方见到过你。 你记住寄这封信了吗? regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事(事情已经做过) regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事(事情正要做或还未做) a. I regret lending him so much money because he never paid me back. b. I regret to tell you that you failed the test. 我很后悔借给他那么多钱，因为他从来没有还过我。 我遗憾的告诉你，你没有通过考试。 a. Missing the bus means waiting for another hour. b. I’m feeling very guilty - I've been meaning to call my parents for days, but still haven't got around to it. mean doing sth 意味着…… mean to do sth 打算做某事 错过那趟巴士意味着就要再等一个小时。 我感到非常内疚——几天来我一直打算给父母打电话，但 还是没机会打。 a. Why not try doing it in some other way? b. I tried to solve the problem but I couldn’t. try doing sth 试着做某事 try to do sth 尽力去做某事 为什么不用其他办法试一试呢？ 我努力解答那个题，但我解不出。 stop doing sth 停止做某事 stop to do sth 停下来正在做的事情去做另外一件事 a. Please stop talking aloud. b. They stopped to take photos. 请不要大声说话。 他们停下来去拍照。 go on doing sth 继续（原先没有做完的事） go on to do sth 继而（去做另外一件事） a. It’s raining hard, but the farmers go on working on the farm. b. After reading the text, the students went on to do the exercises. 虽然天正下着大雨，但农民们继续在农场干活。 学生们读完课文后，接着做练习。 a. She can’t help smiling. b. He can’t help to do housework, for he is busy. can’t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事 can’t help (to) do sth 不能帮忙做某事 她禁不住笑了起来。 他由于忙不能帮助干家务。 a. I am used getting up at 6 o'clock. b. A computer can be used to do a lot of work now. be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 be used to do sth 被用来做某事 我习惯六点钟起床。 如今电脑可以被用来做很多事。 （4）need, demand, want, require, 在表示“需要”时，用动词-ing形式的主动形式表被动意义，或用不定式的被动形式。 need/demand/want/require + doing = need/demand/want/require + to be done eg: 翻译：这辆车需要修理(repair v.)。 Tips The car needs repairing. = The car needs to be repaired. 1. 动名词作主语或宾语时，有被动形式。如： ________________ (recognize) gives us confidence.. The top star went to the market without _______________ (recognize). 2.动名词的否定形式是在前面加not，如： You have no excuse for not going with you. 3. 动名词的完成式主要用来强调动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 You can congratulate yourself on having done an excellent job. He regretted having said such rude words to her. Being recognized being recognized Verb-ing形式作主语/宾语 4. 动名词作主语或宾语时，可加物主代词或名词所有格构成复合结构。 She left, annoyed by your saying that. Mary's staying up so late worries her mom. 动词-ing形式的复合结构有四种形式： ①形容词性物主代词＋V-ing ②名词所有格＋V-ing ③代词宾格＋V-ing ④名词＋V-ing His/Jack's not getting to the station on time made all of us worried. 他/杰克没准时到火车站使得我们大家都很担心。 Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now? 你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？ The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。 Mary’s ________ (be) late for class this morning made the teacher angry. The two students who had broken the school rules were lucky enough to escape ________________ (punish). They insisted on _______ another chance to try. A. given B. giving C. being given D. to be given Tom was very unhappy for____________ to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited Exercises being being punished C D 1. We are considering _________ (change) the plan. 2. We advise _________ (make) another experiment. 3. “Keep silent!” the monitor told the boys to stop _________ (talk). 4. People couldn’t help _________ (laugh) at the foolish emperor in the procession (游行队伍). 5. Can you imagine _________ (swim) in winter? 6. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _______________ (catch). 7. She didn’t remember _____________ (meet) him before. 8. The book is worth _________ (read) a second time. 9. I don’t think your hair needs ____________________ (cut) now. 10. Mark often attempts to escape _____________ (fine) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.. changing making talking laughing swimming being caught meeting reading cutting/to be cut being fined 11. He gives people the impression of _________ (write) many poems. 12. The thief took away the woman’s wallet without ____________ (notice). 13. People appreciate _________ (work) with him because he has a good sense of humour. 14. No one can avoid _________________ (influence) by advertisements. 15. I can hardly imagine Peter _________ (sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. 16. Scientists have responded by _________ ( note ) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlement. 17. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term _________ (consume). writing being noticed working being influenced sailing noting consuming 18. My ambassadorial duties will include___________( introduce ) Austrian visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 19. In addition to their plain beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without _______ (use) electric equipment. 20. It's quite foggy today. Do you feel like_________(stay) at home with me? introducing using staying underline the phrases on page 20 1.fill in the table below填如下的表格 2.China’s Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods中国春秋战国时期 3.a man named Boya一位名叫伯牙的男子 4.a master of the qin一位精通琴艺的大师 5.think highly of sb高度评价某人 6.mountain ranges山脉 7.in his mind在他心里 8.had intended to do sth本打算做某事而没做 9.get tired of doing sth对什么厌倦 10.go their separate ways分道而行 11.at the Mid-Autumn Festival在中秋节 12.fail to do sth不能做某事 13.show up=turn up出现，露面 14.be overcome with sorrow 15.be gone 16.it’s no use keeping the qin underline the phraseson page 21 1.the music sent into space 被送到太空的音乐 2.choose...from从什么当中选择 3.be capable of doing sth 胜任干什么 4.one answer to this question 这个问题的答案 5.be intended as旨在 6.get down to doing sth 开始认真地做某事 7.have trouble doing sth= have difficulty doing sth 做某事有困难 8.an ancient piece called Flowing Water 一首叫做流水的古曲 9 on a distant planet 在一个遥远的星 B1 Circle the mistakes and write down the correct forms in the blanks. P21 1. Listen to music is my favourite thing to do. 2. I really enjoy to read biographies of musicians. 3. It’s no use try to play the violin if you’re not going to give it your best shot. 4. Would you mind to teach me how to play the guitar? 5. These instruments were meant for play traditional Chinese music. Listening reading trying teaching playing Applying the rules B2 Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets. If you have to choose music from the Earth to send into space, what music do you think is capable of (1) ____________ (represent) mankind? The sound of the Chinese qin is one answer to this question. In 1977, two spacecraft called Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were sent out (2) __________ (explore) the solar system. On both spacecraft, there is a selection of music from our planet. (3) __________ (send) music into outer space was the idea of the famous scientist Carl Sagan, who believed intelligent life existed on other planets. The music was intended as a universal language to greet intelligent life in space (if there is any). A group of scientists and artists got down to (4) _________ (choose) suitable music. representing to explore Sending choosing Applying the rules Of course, they had trouble (5) ________ (select) which pieces of music to include. In the end, 27 different pieces of music (6) ______ (last) 90 minutes were put on the spacecraft. China is represented by a recording of Guan Pinghu (7) _______ (play) an ancient piece called Flowing Water on the Chinese instrument qin. It is said that Boya wrote it. It took about 40 years for the Voyager spacecraft (8) _______ (enter) the space between the stars. We do not know what will happen in the end, but maybe the sound of the qin will one day be heard on a distant planet. selecting lasting playing to enter Applying the rules Thank you ! $$