2025届高考英语阅读理解解题技巧学案

高考英语阅读理解的解题技巧 一、细节理解型 细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。 【命题特点】 特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节，或就文中的数字进行提问。 21. Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”？（2024浙江1月） 24. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild？（2024九省联考卷） 25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks？（2023新高考I卷） 【命题规律】 正确选项规律 同义替换 (1)替换关键词。把原文的关键词进行同义替换，如把lose one’s job换成了be out of work (2)改变词性。把原文中的一些词变换了一下词性，如把important变换成of importance (3)改变语态。把原文主动语态转为被动语态，如restored the bridge变换成the bridge was restored 信息归纳 用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项 原文原词 用原文原词作为正确选项 干扰选项规律 张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容 无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容 曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动 颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反 正误参半 部分正确，部分错误 考法一：直接信息题 直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。 “带着问题找答案”先从题干中提取关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。 【真题示例】（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·A 篇23题） 　　Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10) 　　Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. 　　6/19—Waterfalls&Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point. 　　7/10—Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. 23. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop? A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead. C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center. 【解答思路】 【技能提炼】 【学以致用1】（2022·新高考全国Ⅰ·A篇23题） Late Work An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted. 23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date? A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade. C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it. 【学以致用2】（2020年全国Ⅰ ·A篇22题） Train Information All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30. While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. Lost property（失物招领） Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located (位于) at Roma Street station. 22. At which station can you find the lost property office? A. Altandi. B. Roma Street. C. Varsity Lakes. D. Fortitude Valley. 【学以致用2】 (2020年全国ⅠI ·A篇21题) The Lake District Attractions Guide Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens History, Culture & Landscape (景观). Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom. Open: 29 Mar—29 Oct, Sun to Thurs. Tearoom, Gardens & Gift Shop: 10.30—17.00 (16.00 in Oct). House: 11.15—16.00 (15.00 in Oct). Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith 21. When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July? A. 09.30—17.30. B. 10.30—16.00. C. 11.15—16.00. D. 12.00—16.30. 考法二：间接信息题 间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”和“人与自然”三大主题语境。解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。 该类题的特点是试题题干或选项中的关键词语通常使用同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换文中的相关细节信息,例如,使用book对文中的reserve进行同义转换,用less different对文中的more in common进行同义转换。 【真题示例】(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·B篇24题) Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. 24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D.She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 【解答思路】 【技能提炼】 【学以致用1】(2022·全国甲·B篇24题) Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia，have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild，the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment，cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape，and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut. 24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment? A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool. C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid. 【学以致用2】(2020年全国Ⅰ卷·D篇33题) The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. 33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer? A. To detect plants’ lack of water. B. To change compositions of plants. C. To make the life of plants longer. D. To test chemicals in plants. 考法三：数计算题题 数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题的话题有：1.广告类；2.故事类；3. 科普知识类；4.史地自然类；5.文化教育类。设问方式以when，in which year，how many/much等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。解此类试题常用“整合推算”法。 此类题要求考生对具体细节信息,尤其是年龄、时间、数量等数字信息进行加工，但此类试题的重点不在于计算，而在于考查考生对具体信息的处理能力，故试题设置的计算一般比较简单。 【真题示例】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·A篇22题) Prices Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour 7.50 5.00 3 hours 11.00 7.50 1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75 Each additional day 8.00 6.00 22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A.15.75.　        B.19.50.　         C.22.75. 　        D.29.50. 【解答思路】 【技能提炼】 【学以致用1】(2022·全国乙·A篇22题) Exhibition Times Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45 Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission. Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January. Admission £4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free. 22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission? A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12. D.￡16. 二、猜测词义题 【命题特点】 猜测词义题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。除了直接命题的生词外，阅读文章时，常常也会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来。 24. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? （2024浙江1月卷） 30. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean? （2024九省联考卷） 【命题规律】 考法一：利用释义法猜词 在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。 【真题示例1】（2022•全国乙卷•C篇29题） That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. 29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones. C. inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure. 考法二：利用构词法猜词 英语单词可以通过添加词缀、合成或转化的方式构成新词或生成新的词义。同学们要熟记一定数量的词根、前缀和后缀，从而达到通过“解剖”一个单词，对一个生词能够“望文生义”的效果。 【真题示例2】（2016•全国II卷•B篇27题） Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.” 27. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？ A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden. 考法三：利用因果关系猜词 若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的意义。因果关系的语境通常由because, so, thus, therefore, as a result of, so that, so/such...that...等标志词体现。 【真题示例3】（2019•全国II卷•B篇25题） I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.” 25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean？ A. Encourage team work. B. Appeal to feeling. C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice. 考法四：利用对比关系猜词 运用转折对比描述事物或现象是写作时常用的一种手法，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，抓住这些信号词，结合上下文意，我们就能够快速推测出词义。体现对比关系的词语很多，常见的有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead of, on the other hand, rather than, on the contrary等。 【真题示例4】（2020•新高考卷Ⅰ•D篇33题） According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. 33. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons. 考法五：利用语境法解题 有些猜测词义句意题找不到以上标志或线索，我们可以利用上下文提供的语境进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义句意。 【真题示例5】（2022•新高考II卷，B篇24题） We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don't even realize it's new. For them, it’s just normal. This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children's book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures—a perfect match for his age. 24. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2? A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me. C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me. 考法六：利用同义关系解题 画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时我们可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。常见的表示同义关系的词或短语有and, or, like, as well, similarly, too, also, either等。 【真题示例6】（2015•四川卷•D篇44题） And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. 44. What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean？ A. Active at night. B. Inactive at night. C. Active during the day. D. Inactive during the day. 考法七：利用生活常识解题 在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。 【真题示例7】（2020•江苏卷•C篇61题） For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity. 61. The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ _______ ”. A. digest the meal easily B. manage without breakfast C. decide wisely what to eat D. eat whatever is offered 考法八：利用就近原则判指代 代词指代题原则上从上文寻找线索，确定答案。基本点是单数还是复数，指人还是指物。 【真题示例8】（2022·新高考II卷·C篇30题） "We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone." 30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to? A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws. 【技能提炼】 【学以致用1】（2023•新高考I卷•C篇29题） Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over. 【学以致用2】（2023•新高考II卷•C篇30题） In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. 30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform. 【学以致用3】（2023•全国甲卷•B篇24题） Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. 24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer. 三、推理判断题 推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一, 包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高的题型。考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力。分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。 【命题特点】 特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及推断作者态度、文章出处、文章类型、写作意图、下段话题等。 31. What can we infer from the last paragraph? （2024浙江1月卷） 24. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? （2023新高考I卷） 31. What might the author continue talking about? （2023全国乙卷） 【选项规律】 正确选项特征 同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，成为正确选项 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。 语言简化 把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。 语态变化 改变原文重点词性或语态，给考生制造了某些障碍。 干扰选项特征     张冠李戴 为原文内容，但与题目文不对题，不符合题目要求。 偷梁换柱 在意思上与原文非常相似但在某个细节上有变动。 正误参半 选项内容部分正确，部分错误。 颠倒是非 与原文意思大相径庭或完全相反。 无中生有 符合常识但与原文不符或原文并未提及。 扩缩范围 以偏概全如：almost, all, nearly, never, completely 等绝对词 考法一：推断出处题 妙招： 第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹 第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼 第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案 【真题示例】（2022新高考I卷A篇21题） Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays (60%) Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%. Group Assignments (30%) Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%) … Late Work 21. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article. 【学以致用】（2023全国乙卷D篇35题） If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. … In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. 35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from? A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories 考法二：文体推断题 妙招： 第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹 第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意掌握技巧，进行信息融合概括提炼 第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案 新闻报道类文章(a news report)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容，下面陈述细节。 图书评论类文章(a book review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。 科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。 【真题示例】（2022浙江1月卷B篇26题） The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modem world. Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century earlier. "It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions." writes Maury Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modem America. Klein, a noted historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel. The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that changed the world". Klein writes, "America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords they put it to more uses than anyone else. " Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home. Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon became the major forms of power delivery. To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one. 26. What is the text? A. A biography. B. A book review. C. A short story. D. A science report. 【学以致用】（2023年新高考II卷C篇28题） Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. 28. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. 考法三：活动评价题 妙招： 第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹 第二步：仔细梳理信息，特别关注形容词感情色彩进行概括提炼 第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案 【真题示例】（2023新高考II卷B篇26题） She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching.影响深远的 B. Predictable. 可预测的 C. Short-lived. 短暂的 D. Unidentifiable. 难以确认的 【学以致用】（2023全国乙卷B篇27题） One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake? A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting. 考法四：态度推断题 妙招： 第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹 第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼 第三步：留意积累表示肯定、否定、客观等态度类高频词汇备用 第四步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案 【真题示例】（2023新高考I卷D篇35题） In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 【学以致用】（2023全国甲卷D篇35题） He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of. 31. What does the author think of Weiners book? A. Objective and plain. B. Daring and ambitious. C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Humorous and straightforward. 考法五：预测下段题 妙招： 第一步：结合题干定位原文最后一段（句），圈划留下做题痕迹 第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼 第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案 【真题示例】（2023全国乙卷C篇31题） According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 31. What might the author continue talking about? A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes. C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters. 【学以致用】（2011安徽高考真题B篇63题） For many centuries, people used windmills to grind (磨碎)wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground when electricity was discovered in the 1ate 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. This al1owed them to people in almost all1 areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used. During the course 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher coasts. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind. 63. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A. The advantage of wind power. B. The design of wind power plants. C. The worldwide movement to save energy. D. The global trend towards producing power from wind. 考法六：意图推断题 妙招： 第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹。 第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼。 第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案。 【真题示例】（2023新高考I卷B篇28题） The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. 28. What is the book aimed at? A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device. 【学以致用】（2023浙江1月卷D篇33题） “Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment (InSPIRE) project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators (传粉昆虫). 33. What does InSPIRE aim to do? A. Improve the productivity of local farms. B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds. C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly. D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas. 四、主旨大意题 【命题特点】 主旨大意题目主要的考查形式：理解段落大意、把握全文主旨和拟定文章标题。该类题目在文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。 特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及段落大意、文章大意或者标题概括等。 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text?（2024浙江1月卷） 32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? （2024九省联考卷） 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?（2023全国乙卷） 31. What is the text mainly about?（2022全国甲卷） 【命题规律】 正确选项规律 概括性 涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段 覆盖性 确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小 精确性 精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩 模糊性 不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词 干扰选项规律 主题扩大 所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容 无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容 曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动 颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反 偷换概念 所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上 考法一：标题概括题 标题是文章中心思想的精练表达。此类题目主要考查考生把握主题和理解中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法，对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括，最终准确地选出文章的标题。记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。 【真题示例】（2023▪全国乙卷▪D篇35题） If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports. In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. 35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from? A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories 【学以致用】（2023▪新高考II卷▪B篇27题） Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape 考法二：段落大意题 每一篇文段都要围绕一个特定的主题，按照一定的逻辑顺序展开，所以段落的结构也有一定的规律性。做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”,即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下判断主旨，其准确性更高。 【真题示例】（2023新高考I卷D篇32题） On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 【学以致用】（2023全国乙卷D篇32题） If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about. C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable. 考法三：文章大意题 文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的，把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。该题型主要是测试考生对一篇文章的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。 【答题策略】 题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。 题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。 题型三：利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词: in brief/ short, all in all, in conclusion, in a word等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。 题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 【真题示例】（2022全国甲卷C篇31题） As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge. After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.” In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.” The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica. 【学以致用】（2020全国III卷C篇31题） With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together. The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters. Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol — one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor. “We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.” And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.” It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013. Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million. Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. Lifestyles in different countries. B. Conflicts between generations. C. A housing problem in Britain. D. A rising trend of living in the UK. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 高考英语阅读理解的解题技巧（带解析版） 一、细节理解型 细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。 【命题特点】 特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节，或就文中的数字进行提问。 21. Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”？（2024浙江1月） 24. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild？（2024九省联考卷） 25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks？（2023新高考I卷） 【命题规律】 正确选项规律 同义替换 (1)替换关键词。把原文的关键词进行同义替换，如把lose one’s job换成了be out of work (2)改变词性。把原文中的一些词变换了一下词性，如把important变换成of importance (3)改变语态。把原文主动语态转为被动语态，如restored the bridge变换成the bridge was restored 信息归纳 用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项 原文原词 用原文原词作为正确选项 干扰选项规律 张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容 无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容 曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动 颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反 正误参半 部分正确，部分错误 考法一：直接信息题 直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。 “带着问题找答案”先从题干中提取关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。 【真题示例】（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·A 篇23题） 　　Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10) 　　Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. 　　6/19—Waterfalls&Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point. 　　7/10—Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. 23. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop? A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead. C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center. 【解答思路】 第一步：扫描题干，找关键词。关键词: for the July 10 photography workshop 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息：Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)部分中的“7/10——Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.” 第三步：比对选项信息。7月10日的摄影研讨会将在Washburn Trailhead举行。故选B。 【技能提炼】 【学以致用1】（2022·新高考全国Ⅰ·A篇23题） Late Work An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted. 23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date? A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade. C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it. 【解答思路】 一、在题干中标注定位词submit an essay one week after the due date， 二、在原文中找出信息句，即Late Work部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zero”， 三、比对选项与信息句，可知答案为A。 【学以致用2】（2020年全国Ⅰ ·A篇22题） Train Information All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30. While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. Lost property（失物招领） Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located (位于) at Roma Street station. 22. At which station can you find the lost property office? A. Altandi. B. Roma Street. C. Varsity Lakes. D. Fortitude Valley. 【解答思路】 第一步，读题干，确定lost property office为定位词。 第二步，用定位词在文中找到Lost property部分，由该部分第二句“The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located at Roma Street station.”可知，失物招领处位于罗马街车站。 第三步，对比各选项只有B项正确。 【学以致用3】 (2020年全国ⅠI ·A篇21题) The Lake District Attractions Guide Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens History, Culture & Landscape (景观). Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom. Open: 29 Mar—29 Oct, Sun to Thurs. Tearoom, Gardens & Gift Shop: 10.30—17.00 (16.00 in Oct). House: 11.15—16.00 (15.00 in Oct). Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith 21. When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July? A. 09.30—17.30. B. 10.30—16.00. C. 11.15—16.00. D. 12.00—16.30. 【解答思路】 第一步，读题干，确定由题干中的Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens可定位到第一个景点。 第二步，用定位词在文中找到由Open部分中House的开放信息House:11.15—16.00 (15.00 in Oct). 可知，3月到9月期间，House在周日到周四的开放时间为11.15—16.00。 第三步，对比各选项7月在这个时间段内，故选C。 考法二：间接信息题 间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”和“人与自然”三大主题语境。解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。 该类题的特点是试题题干或选项中的关键词语通常使用同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换文中的相关细节信息,例如,使用book对文中的reserve进行同义转换,用less different对文中的more in common进行同义转换。 【真题示例】(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·B篇24题) Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. 24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D.She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 【解答思路】 第一步: 扫描题干,找关键词。关键词:What, know about, Abby Jaramillo     第二步: 根据关键词,定位信息。定位原文信息:And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. initiator和started是同义替换。 第三步: 根据关键词和定位信息可知,Abby Jaramillo是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。（间接信息题） 【技能提炼】 【学以致用1】(2022·全国甲·B篇24题) Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia，have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild，the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment，cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape，and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut. 24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment? A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool. C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid. 【解答思路】 一读题干，锁定关键词，即How，get the nut； 二扫原文，锁定信息区间，即第一段中的“Though not known to use tools in the wild，the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.”和“...the birds were given five differently shaped ‘keys’ to choose from. Inserting the correct ‘key’ would let out the nut.”B项是对信息区间的同义描述，即在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。 三定答案。根据同义替换，故选B。 【学以致用2】(2020年全国Ⅰ卷·D篇33题) The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. 33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer? A. To detect plants’ lack of water. B. To change compositions of plants. C. To make the life of plants longer. D. To test chemicals in plants. 【解答思路】 一读题干，锁定关键词，function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer。 二扫原文，锁定信息区间，由第二句 “These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they‘re short of water”可知，这些传感器是用来检测植物是否缺水的。lack of water与be short of water同义。 三定答案。同义替换。lack of water与be short of water同义。故选A项。 考法三：数计算题题 数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题的话题有：1.广告类；2.故事类；3. 科普知识类；4.史地自然类；5.文化教育类。设问方式以when，in which year，how many/much等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。解此类试题常用“整合推算”法。 此类题要求考生对具体细节信息,尤其是年龄、时间、数量等数字信息进行加工，但此类试题的重点不在于计算，而在于考查考生对具体信息的处理能力，故试题设置的计算一般比较简单。 【真题示例】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·A篇22题) Prices Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour 7.50 5.00 3 hours 11.00 7.50 1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75 Each additional day 8.00 6.00 22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A.15.75.　        B.19.50.　         C.22.75. 　        D.29.50. 【解答思路】 第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。关键词:How much, pay for, renting a bike, with hand brake and three gears, two days 第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。定位原文信息:Prices...(表格) 第三步:根据关键词和定位信息可知,第三段的表格中的中间一列,第一行含有题干中的hand brake和three gears,再联系第四行和第五行,一天是14.75欧元,再加一天是8欧元,所以是14.75+8= 22.75欧元。故选C。 【技能提炼】 【学以致用1】(2022·全国乙·A篇22题) Exhibition Times Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45 Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission. Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January. Admission £4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free. 22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission? A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12. D.￡16. 【解答思路】 一、读题干寻找关键词a couple with two children under 12， 二、在Admission部分中标记￡4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free， 三、用加法推算答案，即一对夫妇应付4＋4＝8(英镑)，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B。 二、猜测词义题 【命题特点】 猜测词义题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。除了直接命题的生词外，阅读文章时，常常也会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来。 24. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? （2024浙江1月卷） 30. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean? （2024九省联考卷） 【命题规律】 考法一：利用释义法猜词 在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。 【真题示例1】（2022•全国乙卷•C篇29题） That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. 29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones. C. inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure. 解析：“including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”对“maintenance”进行了解释，故推测maintenance是“维护，保养”的意思，C项inspection and repair与句中的inspect and repair对应。故选C。 考法二：利用构词法猜词 英语单词可以通过添加词缀、合成或转化的方式构成新词或生成新的词义。同学们要熟记一定数量的词根、前缀和后缀，从而达到通过“解剖”一个单词，对一个生词能够“望文生义”的效果。 【真题示例2】（2016•全国II卷•B篇27题） Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.” 27. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？ A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden. 解析：downside是由“down（向下）+ side（方面）”构成的合成词，并且后文提到“作者冒着失去那些有不同思维风格的学生的风险”。因此，我们可以猜测该词的意思是“不足，缺点”，故选B项。 考法三：利用因果关系猜词 若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的意义。因果关系的语境通常由because, so, thus, therefore, as a result of, so that, so/such...that...等标志词体现。 【真题示例3】（2019•全国II卷•B篇25题） I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.” 25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean？ A. Encourage team work. B. Appeal to feeling. C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice. 【解析】由逻辑词“so”可知，此处可以借助因果逻辑关系猜测词义句意。画线部分的前一句提到“她可能需要有人劝说一下”，故“tug at the heartstrings”应该有“劝说”的意思。“appeal to feeling”意思是“打动某人，唤起某人的情感”，故选B项。 考法四：利用对比关系猜词 运用转折对比描述事物或现象是写作时常用的一种手法，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，抓住这些信号词，结合上下文意，我们就能够快速推测出词义。体现对比关系的词语很多，常见的有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead of, on the other hand, rather than, on the contrary等。 【真题示例4】（2020•新高考卷Ⅰ•D篇33题） According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. 33. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons. 解析：利用对比关系猜测词义。根据 “And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份)，it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.”，研究表明，与现存的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭) 相反，你真正需要避开的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根据“contrary to”可知，画线词与heavier people含义相反。故选D。 考法五：利用语境法解题 有些猜测词义句意题找不到以上标志或线索，我们可以利用上下文提供的语境进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义句意。 【真题示例5】（2022•新高考II卷，B篇24题） We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don't even realize it's new. For them, it’s just normal. This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children's book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures—a perfect match for his age. 24. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2? A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me. C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me. 解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上看书时，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。 考法六：利用同义关系解题 画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时我们可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。常见的表示同义关系的词或短语有and, or, like, as well, similarly, too, also, either等。 【真题示例6】（2015•四川卷•D篇44题） And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. 44. What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean？ A. Active at night. B. Inactive at night. C. Active during the day. D. Inactive during the day. 解析：画线单词前一句说“不是只有知更鸟在人造光下会一直醒着”，而“also（也）”表明这一句与前面表达的意思相近，即“黑鹂和海鸥也更活跃”。“nocturnal”应该是“awake”的近义词，意为“夜间活跃的”，故选A项。 考法七：利用生活常识解题 在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。 【真题示例7】（2020•江苏卷•C篇61题） For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity. 61. The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ _______ ”. A. digest the meal easily B. manage without breakfast C. decide wisely what to eat D. eat whatever is offered 解析：此题考查“stomach”的生僻意思。根据生活常识可知，有的人锻炼前不吃早饭是受不了的，所以此处意为“如果可以忍受空腹的话，在吃早饭前去锻炼比吃过早餐后去锻炼好处更多”，故选B项。 考法八：利用就近原则判指代 代词指代题原则上从上文寻找线索，确定答案。基本点是单数还是复数，指人还是指物。 【真题示例8】（2022·新高考II卷·C篇30题） "We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone." 30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to? A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws. 解析：根据句中的“We need something on the books that can change people's behavior.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。受到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指代的是法律。故选D。     【学以致用1】（2023•新高考I卷•C篇29题） Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over. 解析：根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。 【学以致用2】（2023•新高考II卷•C篇30题） In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. 30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform. 解析：根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。 【学以致用3】（2023•全国甲卷•B篇24题） Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. 24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer. 解析：根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人员)”最接近画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选C。 三、推理判断题 推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一, 包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高的题型。考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力。分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。 【命题特点】 特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及推断作者态度、文章出处、文章类型、写作意图、下段话题等。 31. What can we infer from the last paragraph? （2024浙江1月卷） 24. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? （2023新高考I卷） 31. What might the author continue talking about? （2023全国乙卷） 【选项规律】 正确选项特征 同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，成为正确选项 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。 语言简化 把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。 语态变化 改变原文重点词性或语态，给考生制造了某些障碍。 干扰选项特征     张冠李戴 为原文内容，但与题目文不对题，不符合题目要求。 偷梁换柱 在意思上与原文非常相似但在某个细节上有变动。 正误参半 选项内容部分正确，部分错误。 颠倒是非 与原文意思大相径庭或完全相反。 无中生有 符合常识但与原文不符或原文并未提及。 扩缩范围 以偏概全如：almost, all, nearly, never, completely 等绝对词 考法一：推断出处题 妙招： 第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹 第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼 第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案 【真题示例】（2022新高考I卷A篇21题） Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays (60%) Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%. Group Assignments (30%) Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%) … Late Work 21. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article. 解析：推理判断题。本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C。 【学以致用】（2023全国乙卷D篇35题） If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. … In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. 35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from? A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories 解析：本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。 考法二：文体推断题 妙招： 第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹 第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意掌握技巧，进行信息融合概括提炼 第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案 新闻报道类文章(a news report)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容，下面陈述细节。 图书评论类文章(a book review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。 科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。 【真题示例】（2022浙江1月卷B篇26题） The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modem world. Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century earlier. "It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions." writes Maury Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modem America. Klein, a noted historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel. The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that changed the world". Klein writes, "America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords they put it to more uses than anyone else. " Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home. Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon became the major forms of power delivery. To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one. 26. What is the text? A. A biography. B. A book review. C. A short story. D. A science report. 解析：根据第三段“The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland”（这个故事开始于苏格兰18世纪最后几年）可知，这篇文章是一篇小故事。故选C。 【学以致用】（2023年新高考II卷C篇28题） Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. 28. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. 解析：通读全文，再根据文章第一段“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. (Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品)”以及第二段第一句“In this book of books”可推知，本文最有可能出自一世界各地的收藏品的一本书。故选A。 考法三：活动评价题 妙招： 第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹 第二步：仔细梳理信息，特别关注形容词感情色彩进行概括提炼 第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案 【真题示例】（2023新高考II卷B篇26题） She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching.影响深远的 B. Predictable. 可预测的 C. Short-lived. 短暂的 D. Unidentifiable. 难以确认的 解析：本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生通过体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。根据最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，“他们觉得成功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。 【学以致用】（2023全国乙卷B篇27题） One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake? A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting. 解析：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师，在摄影途中发生的一些所见所闻。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的。故选B。     考法四：态度推断题 妙招： 第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹 第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼 第三步：留意积累表示肯定、否定、客观等态度类高频词汇备用 第四步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案 【真题示例】（2023新高考I卷D篇35题） In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 解析：根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.(尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。dismissive a.不屑一顾的；轻蔑的；approving a. 支持的；赞成的。 【学以致用】（2023全国甲卷D篇35题） He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of. 31. What does the author think of Weiners book? A. Objective and plain. B. Daring and ambitious. C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Humorous and straightforward. 解析：根据倒数第二段中“He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiners的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. (The Socrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiners的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。 考法五：预测下段题 妙招： 第一步：结合题干定位原文最后一段（句），圈划留下做题痕迹 第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼 第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案 【真题示例】（2023全国乙卷C篇31题） According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 31. What might the author continue talking about? A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes. C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters. 解析：根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B项。 【学以致用】（2011安徽高考真题B篇63题） For many centuries, people used windmills to grind (磨碎)wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground when electricity was discovered in the 1ate 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. This al1owed them to people in almost all1 areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used. During the course 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher coasts. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind. 63. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A. The advantage of wind power. B. The design of wind power plants. C. The worldwide movement to save energy. D. The global trend towards producing power from wind. 解析：根据文章最后一段的“During the course 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher coasts. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind . ( 在20世纪70年代，人们开始担心煤炭和天然气燃烧发电造成的污染。人们还意识到，煤炭和天然气的供应不会永远持续下去。然后，风能被重新发现，尽管这意味着更高的成本。今天，全球正在进行一场运动，希望通过使用风能提供越来越多的电力。)”可知，最后一段讲述了二十世纪七十年代，人们更加注重环保，而且认识到煤和气的短缺；而尽管成本较高，但是风能的特点是洁净并丰富的。如今，全球范围内正在发起利用风能发电的运动。因此推断下一段将会讲述全球利用风能发电的情况。故选D项。 考法六：意图推断题 妙招： 第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹。 第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼。 第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案。 【真题示例】（2023新高考I卷B篇28题） The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. 28. What is the book aimed at? A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device. 解析：根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。 【学以致用】（2023浙江1月卷D篇33题） “Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment (InSPIRE) project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators (传粉昆虫). 33. What does InSPIRE aim to do? A. Improve the productivity of local farms. B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds. C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly. D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas. 解析：根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。)”可知，InSPIRE采用友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故选C项。   四、主旨大意题 【命题特点】 主旨大意题目主要的考查形式：理解段落大意、把握全文主旨和拟定文章标题。该类题目在文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。 特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及段落大意、文章大意或者标题概括等。 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text?（2024浙江1月卷） 32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? （2024九省联考卷） 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?（2023全国乙卷） 31. What is the text mainly about?（2022全国甲卷） 【命题规律】 正确选项规律 概括性 涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段 覆盖性 确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小 精确性 精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩 模糊性 不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词 干扰选项规律 主题扩大 所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容 无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容 曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动 颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反 偷换概念 所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上 考法一：标题概括题 标题是文章中心思想的精练表达。此类题目主要考查考生把握主题和理解中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法，对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括，最终准确地选出文章的标题。记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。 【真题示例】（2023▪全国乙卷▪D篇35题） If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports. In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. 35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from? A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。 【学以致用】（2023▪新高考II卷▪B篇27题） Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape 解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。因此推断B项“体验乡村生活”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选B。 考法二：段落大意题 每一篇文段都要围绕一个特定的主题，按照一定的逻辑顺序展开，所以段落的结构也有一定的规律性。做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”,即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下判断主旨，其准确性更高。 【真题示例】（2023新高考I卷D篇32题） On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.(这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降。)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而导致更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。 【学以致用】（2023全国乙卷D篇32题） If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about. C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable. 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. (如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。 考法三：文章大意题 文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的，把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。该题型主要是测试考生对一篇文章的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。 【答题策略】 题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。 题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。 题型三：利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词: in brief/ short, all in all, in conclusion, in a word等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。 题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 【真题示例】（2022全国甲卷C篇31题） As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge. After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.” In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.” The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica. 解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段“Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71 has had a deep love for travel.(今年71岁的吉妮从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。由此可知，A childhood dream.(童年的梦想)能够概括文章主旨。故选A。 【学以致用】（2020全国III卷C篇31题） With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together. The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters. Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol — one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor. “We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.” And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.” It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013. Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million. Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. Lifestyles in different countries. B. Conflicts between generations. C. A housing problem in Britain. D. A rising trend of living in the UK. 解析：选D。主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。     学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$