精品解析：北京市通州区潞河中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考英语试题

潞河中学2024-2025学年高三开学测试 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1 . 5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When Alex was in the 5th grade, he read an alarming article in the newspaper, which said that people were ___1___ old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping cell phones in the garbage. This is dangerous because e-waste contains harmful ___2___ that can leak into the environment getting into crops, animals, water supplies — and people. Alex was worried and decided to make it the next project for WIN—the Westerly Innovations Network. Alex and six of his friends had ___3___ this organization to help solve community problems two years before. But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose (处置) of e-waste ___4___ and how it could be recycled. Then, they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e-waste was, let alone how to dispose of it. Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and ___5___ notices to students, asking residents to bring their ___6___ electronics to the school parking lot. The ___7___ lasted two days, and they collected over 9, 500 kilograms of e-waste. The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town. After some research, they’d learned that reusing is the best way to ___8___ electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling. So, they began leaning to refurbish (翻新) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn’t have their own. In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time. For a ___9___ solution to e-waste, the drop-off center wasn’t enough. Laws would have to be passed. In 2016, WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste. The bill clearly ____10____ the dumping of e-waste. Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about the safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, “Today’s technology should not become tomorrow’s harmful garbage.” 1. A. carrying B. burying C. taking D. destroying 2. A. subjects B. restrictions C. bacterial D. chemicals 3. A. developed B. recognized C. formed D. restored 4. A. instantly B. properly C. constantly D. gradually 5. A. distributed B. contributed C. established D. conducted 6. A. unexpected B. unwanted C. useless D. meaningless 7. A. drive B. push C. order D. request 8. A. break down B. take in C. expose to D. deal with 9. A. original B. physical C. lasting D. crucial 10. A. prevents B. permits C. predicts D. forbids 第二节(共10小题;每小题1 . 5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Lake Titicaca Tour Enjoy the beautiful countryside ___11___ you spend a day driving along the new highway ___12___ (connect) Cusco to Lake Titicaca. There a boat will take you to stay with a local Uros family on an island for three days. Both the island and the Uros homes ___13___ (make) of water plants from the lake. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The race to the South Pole was on! Amundsen was the first ___14___ (leave) , on 8 September 1911. He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis. Because of this, he made rapid progress. Scott left on I November and soon had problems. First, his two sledges broke down, and then the houses began to have serious ___15___ (difficult) with the snow and the cold. After a while, Scott and his men had to push the sledges ___16___ (they) . C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Since the 1970s, scientists ___17___ (search) for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain- computer interface technology could help people ___18___ disabilities send commands to machines. Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from Switzerland, showed a small robotic wheelchair ___19___ (direct) by a person’s thoughts. In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he ___20___ (watch) the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。 A Let's be honest: it can be hard to get motivated to do your schoolwork even in the best of times. So finding the motivation, while you’re learning from home, is extra challenging. Here are a few tips that could maximize your motivation. 1. Guard Your Time You do not need large amounts of time to be productive. Instead, be focused in short blocks when you can work without interruption. Protect these open times by setting up your workspace to minimize distractions—including silencing notifications (通知) on your cellphone or laptop. 2. Determine How Much Work Is Needed Write down the work you need to achieve, because there is a limit to how much information you can recall and process at one time. Examine the remaining projects, and estimate the amount and type of effort each requires. 3. Break Large Projects into Smaller Ones Breaking big projects into smaller and more manageable tasks allows you to achieve maximum efficiency and effectiveness. Your assigned tasks should follow a logical order. Also, making a list and crossing things off that list is really satisfying. 4. Set Goals Set goals related to effort. For example, plan to spend 60 minutes at a specific time of the day studying a pre-determined concept. Also, set goals related to the completion of specific tasks or projects. For instance, give yourself a deadline to read and take notes on a specific article for a certain paper you must write. 5. Identify the Rewards It pays to clarify the rewards this term—whether those rewards are internal, such as the feeling of accomplishment that comes from understanding a difficult concept well, or external, such as getting a good grade. Work to build good habits and strategies now. It will pay off in the future. 21. What skills do the first two tips relate to? A. Writing skills. B. Social skills. C. Teamwork skills. D. Time management skills. 22. According to the passage, which can help you most when you are faced with a big task? A. Tip 2. B. Tip 3. C. Tip 4. D. Tip 5. 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To show students how to stay focused on schoolwork. B To analyze students' difficulties of learning from home. C. To offer students advice on how to improve productivity. D. To summarize some tips for parents to share with their children. B Scientists regularly make vital new discoveries, but few can claim to have invented an entirely new field of science. Chemist Carolyn Bertozzi is one of them. Her discovery of biorthogonal chemistry (生物正交化学) in 2003 created a brand-new discipline of scientific investigation, which has enabled countless advances in medical science and led to a far greater understanding of biology at a molecular (分子的) level. On October 5, Bertozzi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, jointly with two other professors. She is also the only woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize in science this year, after an all-male line-up in 2021. Bertozzi was the middle daughter of an MIT physics professor and a secretary. Few predicted that Bertozzi would be the most famous person in the family. While her academic performance was not bad in high school, she was fond of playing soccer. She ended up being admitted to Harvard University. Despite her talent in soccer, she found it too time-consuming and quit the sport to devote herself to academics. But before becoming a rock star scientist, Bertozzi almost became an actual rock star. When she started at Harvard, she was tempted to major in music. That idea was “unpopular” with her parents, and she was timid about defying them. Instead, she chose the premed (医学预科的) track that included classes in math and sciences and declared herself a biology major at the end of her first year of college. Her interest in music did not completely fall by the wayside, however. Bertozzi played keyboards and sang backup vocals for a hair metal band. Bertozzi, however, did not play with the band for long. Once the band’s practices and performances conflicted with her labs and classes, there was only one outcome. Plus, she’d soon have organic chemistry. The course is infamous for weeding out pre-meds. Without any clear career ambitions up to that point, Bertozzi had been thinking about possibly becoming a doctor when, in her sophomore year (大二学年) , she suddenly fell so head over heels in love with her chemistry course that she couldn’t tear herself away from her textbooks long enough to go out on Saturday nights. A torture to many was pure pleasure for her. Bertozzi changed her major from biology to chemistry a year later. Bertozzi has sometimes joked about her having missed out on her chance to follow Morello to Los Angeles. “I didn’t get on that bus, and my playing is now limited to ‘The Wheel’s on the Bus Go Round,’ I’m waiting for my sons to get old enough to appreciate 1980s heavy metal!” 24. What can we learn about Bertozzi from the first two paragraphs? A. Bertozzi made significant discoveries in the field of Chemistry. B. Bertozzi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2021. C. Bertozzi did better in academic performance than her siblings. D. Bertozzi gave up soccer because she needed time to learn. 25. What does the underlined word in paragraph 3 mean? A. approach B. defend C. disobey D. tell 26. What would Bertozzi probably have done if she had had a chemistry course to go on at Harvard? A. Bertozzi would weed out the course for pre-meds. B. Bertozzi would tear herself away from her textbooks. C. Bertozzi would regard the course as torture to her. D. Bertozzi would give up her playing with the band. 27. What kind of person do you think Carolyn Bertozzi is? A. Talented and creative. B. Athletic and critical. C. Humble and passionate. D. Brave and sympathetic. C Imagine that on a Friday afternoon, before leaving work to start your weekend, you are asked to solve two problems that require creative thinking. Do you: 1) . Spend the first half of your time attempting the first problem and the second half of your time attempting the second; 2) . Alternate between the two problems at a regular, predetermined interval (e. g. , switching every five minutes) ; 3) . Switch between the problems at your own discretion (自行决定) . If you are like the hundreds of people to whom we posed this question, you would choose to switch between the two problems at your own discretion. After all, this approach offers maximum autonomy and flexibility, enabling you to change tracks from one problem to the other when you feel stuck. But if coming up with creative answers is your goal, this approach may not be ideal. Instead, switching between the problems at a regular, predetermined interval will likely yield the best results, according to research we published in the March issue of Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. In an experiment, we randomly assigned participants to one of the three approaches. Participants who were instructed to continually switch back and forth between two problems at a fixed interval were significantly more likely to find the correct answer to both problems than participants who switched at their own discretion or halfway through the allotted time. The issue with both other approaches seemed to be that people failed to recognize when rigid thinking crept in. Participants who didn’t step away from a task at regular intervals were more likely to write “new” ideas that were very similar to the last one they had written. While they might have felt that they were on a roll, the reality was that, without the breaks afforded by continual task switching, their actual progress was limited. The findings suggest that the hustle and bustle of your daily work life may facilitate your creativity if it leads you to step away from a task and reset your thinking. So when you’re working on tasks that would benefit from creative thinking, consciously insert breaks at regular intervals—use a timer if you have to. When it goes off, switch tasks: Organize your receipts, check your email, or clean your desk, and then return to the original task. If you’re hesitant to break away because you feel that you’re on a roll, be mindful that it might be a false impression. We tend to generate redundant ideas when we don’t take regular breaks; ask yourself whether your latest ideas are qualitatively different. Finally, don’t skip your lunch breaks, and don’t feel guilty about taking breaks, especially when you are feeling stuck. Doing so may actually be the best use of your time. 28. Why do people favor the third approach mentioned in Paragraph 1? A Because it facilitates autonomous learning. B. Because it encourages independent thinking. C. Because it improves concentration. D. Because it allows much freedom. 29. What does the underlined word “rigid” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. critical B. inflexible C. innovative D. serious 30. What can be inferred from the passage? A. People will make great progress when they work continually. B. People will automatically take breaks when they feel stuck C. Regularly scheduled breaks can refresh people’s thinking. D. Continually doing chores is key to generating new ideas. 31. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To present a way to boost creative thinking. B. To introduce a new study on work efficiency. C. To compare three methods of creative thinking. D. To explain why people fail to produce creative ideas. D Automation and job replacement will be one of the most significant challenges for the global economy of the coming decades. A 2017 Mckinsey report established that 375 million workers will need to switch occupational categories by 2030. The World Economic Forum suggests that by 2022, automation will replace 75 million jobs globally — but create 133 million new ones. Research into the likelihood that a job will be impacted by digitization has largely focused on the “automatability” of the role and the following economic regional and political effects of this. What this research doesn’t take into account is something more important for the millions of taxi drivers and retail workers across the globe: their likelihood of being able to change to another job that isn’t automatable. Recent research suggests that the answer to this may be that the skills that enable workers to move up the ladder to more complex roles within their current areas might be less important than broader skills that will enable workers to change across divisions. In July, Amazon announced that it would spend $700 million retraining around 30%of its 300, 000 US workforce. While praiseworthy, it will be interesting to see the outcome. In the UK, the National Retraining Scheme has largely been led by employers, meaning that those on zero-hours contracts and part-time workers — often low-skilled — will miss out. Governance will be a crucial element of ensuring that such schemes focus on individuals and life-long learning, rather than upskilling workers into roles that will soon also face automation. According to the Mckinsey report, “growing awareness of the scale of the task ahead has yet to translate into action. Public spending on labor-force training and support has fallen for years in most member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development,” which impacts more than just the low-skilled and poorly compensated. The global impact of automation is also put into relief by research demonstrating that, between 1988 and 2015, income inequality increased throughout the world. Billions of people do not have the essentials of life as defined by the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Alongside climate change, automation is arguably tech’s biggest challenge. As with globalization, governments and employers — and us workers — ignore its potential consequences at risk to ourselves. 32. What is the author’s attitude towards retraining programs for upskilling? A. Supportive. B. Critical. C. Skeptical. D. Sympathetic. 33. According to the author, what is one consequence of automation? A. Less spending on training. B. Social unrest and instability. C. A slowdown of globalization. D. An increase in income inequality. 34. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To stress the importance of enabling workers. B. To analyze the automatability of certain jobs. C. To compare globalization with automation. D. To argue the urgency of creating new jobs. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将 该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Optimism Bias (偏见) While we often like to think of ourselves as highly rational and logical, researchers have found that the human brain is sometimes too optimistic for its own good. If you were asked to estimate how likely you are to experience illness, job loss, or an accident, you are likely to underestimate the probability that such events will ever impact your life. ___35___ This bias leads us to believe that we are less likely to suffer from misfortune and more likely to attain success than reality would suggest. We believe that we will live longer, and that we will be more successful in life than the average. ___36___ The optimism bias is essentially a mistaken belief that our chances of experiencing negative events are lower and our chances of experiencing positive events are higher than those of our peers. And this overly positive assumption doesn’t mean that we have an overly sunny outlook on our own lives. ___37___ People might skip their yearly physical not wear their seatbelt, or fail to put on sunscreen because they mistakenly believe that they are less likely to get sick, get in an accident, or get skin cancer. Cognitive neuroscientist Tali Sharot, author of The Optimism Bias: A Tour of the Irrationally Positive Brain, notes that this bias is widespread and can be seen in cultures all over the world. Sharot also suggests that while this optimism bias can at times lead to negative outcomes like foolishly engaging in risky behaviors or making poor choices about your health, it can also have its benefits. ___38___ If we expect good things to happen, we are more likely to be happy. This optimism can act as a self-fulfilling prophecy. By believing that we will be successful, people are in fact more likely to be successful. ___39___ After all, if we didn’t believe that we could achieve success, why would we even bother trying? Optimists are also more likely to take measures to protect their health such as exercising, taking vitamins, and following a nutritious diet. A. Optimism also motivates us to pursue our goals. B. But we are also highly motivated to be so optimistic. C. But definitely not everyone is blessed with such luck. D. This is because your brain has a built-in optimism bias. E. It can also lead to poor decision-making, which can sometimes have disastrous results. F. This optimism enhances well-being by creating a sense of anticipation about the future. G. Various causes may lead to the optimistic bias, including cognitive and motivational factors. 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41 题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12 分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Overcoming the Temptation of Quick Success and Self-Doubt The pressure to perform and the desire for immediate results can often lead to a mindset of seeking quick success. This mindset, coupled with the tendency to doubt oneself when results are not immediate, can be a formidable barrier to consistent and effective leaning. Understanding Quick Success and Self-Doubt Quick success refers to the eagerness to achieve immediate results without considering the long-term process and effort required. It is the impatience that leads students to expect significant progress after minimal investment of time and energy. When these expectations are not met, self-doubt sets in. This is the internal questioning of one’s abilities and worth, often triggered by perceived failures or setbacks. Consequences of Quick Success and Self-Doubt The pursuit of quick success and the subsequent self-doubt can have several negative consequences. It can lead to a lack of perseverance, causing students to study in fits and starts, rather than maintaining a steady and dedicated approach. This inconsistency can hinder the development of deep understanding and mastery of subjects. Moreover it can result in increased stress and anxiety, as students constantly compared their progress with others, feeling inadequate when their pace of improvement does not match their expectations. Strategies to Overcome These Challenges To combat the allure of quick success and the creeping self-doubt, consider the following strategies: 1. Set Realistic Goals: Establish achievable targets that are challenging yet within reach. Breakdown larger goals into smaller, manageable tasks. 2. Embrace the Leaming Process: Recognize that learning is a journey that requires time and patience. Embrace the process and understand that setbacks are part of growth. 3. Develop a Growth Mindset: Cultivate the belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through dedication and hard work. View challenges as opportunities to learn and improve. In conclusion, while the desire for quick success is understandable, it’s crucial to recognize the importance of a steady and dedicated approach to learning. By overcoming self-doubt and embracing the learning process, students can develop the resilience and determination needed to succeed in their academic endeavors. Remember, true learning is not about the speed of progress but the depth of understanding and the ability to persevere through challenges. 40. What does “quick success” mean according to the passage? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What results will the pursuit of quick success and self-doubt have? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Students’ true learning is facilitated in their studies because they are motivated by a deep desire for quick success. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Besides the strategies to overcome challenges in the passage, what other strategies do you think are effective? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你英国好友 Jim 在给你的邮件中提及他对中国优秀传统文化感兴趣并渴望学习。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括： 1. 从京剧、文学或绘画中选择其一推荐； 2. 说明推荐的理由。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 潞河中学2024-2025学年高三开学测试 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1 . 5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When Alex was in the 5th grade, he read an alarming article in the newspaper, which said that people were ___1___ old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping cell phones in the garbage. This is dangerous because e-waste contains harmful ___2___ that can leak into the environment getting into crops, animals, water supplies — and people. Alex was worried and decided to make it the next project for WIN—the Westerly Innovations Network. Alex and six of his friends had ___3___ this organization to help solve community problems two years before. But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose (处置) of e-waste ___4___ and how it could be recycled. Then, they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e-waste was, let alone how to dispose of it. Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and ___5___ notices to students, asking residents to bring their ___6___ electronics to the school parking lot. The ___7___ lasted two days, and they collected over 9, 500 kilograms of e-waste. The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town. After some research, they’d learned that reusing is the best way to ___8___ electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling. So, they began leaning to refurbish (翻新) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn’t have their own. In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time. For a ___9___ solution to e-waste, the drop-off center wasn’t enough. Laws would have to be passed. In 2016, WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste. The bill clearly ____10____ the dumping of e-waste. Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about the safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, “Today’s technology should not become tomorrow’s harmful garbage.” 1. A. carrying B. burying C. taking D. destroying 2. A. subjects B. restrictions C. bacterial D. chemicals 3. A. developed B. recognized C. formed D. restored 4. A. instantly B. properly C. constantly D. gradually 5. A. distributed B. contributed C. established D. conducted 6. A. unexpected B. unwanted C. useless D. meaningless 7. A. drive B. push C. order D. request 8. A. break down B. take in C. expose to D. deal with 9. A. original B. physical C. lasting D. crucial 10. A. prevents B. permits C. predicts D. forbids 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主旨讲述了Alex和他的朋友们在发现电子垃圾对环境和人类健康构成的威胁后，通过创建Westerly Innovations Network（WIN）组织，积极采取行动，包括收集和处理电子垃圾、建立电子垃圾投放中心以及推动制定相关法律，以促进电子垃圾的安全处置和再利用，旨在减少电子垃圾对环境的污染，同时帮助那些没有电子设备的学生。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Alex五年级的时候，他在报纸上看到了一篇令人震惊的文章，上面说人们将旧电脑埋在后院，把电视机扔进小溪，把手机丢进垃圾堆。A. carrying携带；B. burying埋葬；C. taking拿走；D. destroying破坏。根据后文“throwing TVs into streams, and dumping cell phones in the garbage.”可知，设空处信息与后文构成并列，指人们将旧电脑埋在后院，把电视机扔进小溪，把手机丢进垃圾堆。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是很危险的，因为电子垃圾含有有害化学物质，会泄漏到环境中，进入农作物、动物、供水系统和人体内。A. subjects科目；B. restrictions限制；C. bacterial细菌的；D. chemicals化学物质。根据后文“that can leak into the environment getting into crops, animals, water supplies — and people.”可知，电子垃圾含有有害化学物质，会泄漏到环境中，进入农作物、动物、供水系统和人体内。故选D。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Alex和他六个朋友两年前成立了这个组织，帮助解决社区问题。A. developed发展；B. recognized认识；C. formed形成，创立；D. restored恢复。根据后文“this organization to help solve community problems two years before.”可知，Alex和他的六个朋友两年前成立了这个组织。故选C。 【4题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们学习了如何正确处理电子垃圾以及如何回收利用。A. instantly立即；B. properly适当地，正确地；C. constantly不断地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据前文“how to dispose (处置) of e-waste”可知，他们学习了如何正确地处理电子垃圾。故选B。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在当地报纸上登广告，并向学生分发通知，要求居民把他们不需要的电子产品带到学校的停车场。A. distributed分发；B. contributed贡献；C. established建立；D. conducted进行。根据后文“notices to students, asking residents”可知，Alex和朋友们向学生分发通知。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. unexpected意外的；B. unwanted不需要的；C. useless无用的；D. meaningless无意义的。根据前文“Alex and his friends went into action.”以及后文中“electronics to the school parking lot.”可知，Alex和朋友们采取行动处理电子垃圾，因此请求居民把不需要的电子产品带到学校的停车场。故选B。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次活动持续了两天，他们收集了超过9500公斤的电子垃圾。A. drive活动，运动；B. push推动；C. order命令；D. request请求。根据前文“They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot.”可知，他们在当地报纸上登广告，并向学生分发通知，要求居民把他们不需要的电子产品带到学校的停车场，这个活动持续了两天。故选A。 【8题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：经过一番研究，他们了解到重复使用是处理电子设备的最佳方式，其效率是回收利用的七倍。A. break down分解；B. take in接受；C. expose to暴露于；D. deal with处理。根据前文“reusing is the best way”以及后文“they began leaning to refurbish (翻新) computers themselves”可知，Alex和朋友们开始学着自己翻新电脑，由此表明重复使用电子设备是处理电子设备的最佳方式。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要想持久的解决电子垃圾问题，仅仅有一个回收中心是不够的。A. original原始的；B. physical物理的；C. lasting持久的；D. crucial至关重要的。根据后文“the drop-off center wasn’t enough”可知，要想长久的解决电子垃圾问题，一个回收中心是不够的。故选C。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：该法案明确禁止倾倒电子垃圾。A. prevents阻止；B. permits允许；C. predicts预测；D. forbids禁止。根据前文“In 2016, WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste.”可知，2016年，WIN帮助推动了他们镇上的一项电子垃圾法案，该法案禁止倾倒电子垃圾。故选D。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1 . 5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Lake Titicaca Tour Enjoy the beautiful countryside ___11___ you spend a day driving along the new highway ___12___ (connect) Cusco to Lake Titicaca. There, a boat will take you to stay with a local Uros family on an island for three days. Both the island and the Uros homes ___13___ (make) of water plants from the lake. 【答案】11. as 12. connecting 13. are made 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一次前往的喀喀湖的旅行体验。 【11题详解】 考查时间状语从句。句意：在驱车沿着连接库斯科与的的喀喀湖的新高速公路上度过一天的同时，尽情享受美丽的乡村风光。设空处引导的是时间状语从句，此处表示“一边……一边……”用as。故填as。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。句中spend为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处connect…to…为固定短语，意为“相连”，句中the new highway与connect之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作后置定语。故填connecting。 【13题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：这个岛屿和乌鲁斯人的房子都是用湖里的水生植物建造的。设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时；同时the island and the Uros homes与make之间是被动关系，故使用一般现在时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填are made。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The race to the South Pole was on! Amundsen was the first ___14___ (leave) , on 8 September 1911. He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis. Because of this, he made rapid progress. Scott left on I November and soon had problems. First, his two sledges broke down, and then the houses began to have serious ___15___ (difficult) with the snow and the cold. After a while, Scott and his men had to push the sledges ___16___ (they) . 【答案】14. to leave 15. difficulties 16. themselves 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了1911年，阿蒙森和斯科特两队人马进行了南极探险的竞赛。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：去南极的比赛开始了！1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个离开。句中be the first to do为固定短语，意为“第一个去做某事”，使用不定式结构作后置定语。故填to leave。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：首先，他的两辆雪橇坏了，然后房子开始在雪和寒冷中遇到严重的困难设空处使用名词作宾语。difficult的名词为difficulty，意为“难题，困难”，其为可数名词，此处表示复数意义。故填difficulties。 【16题详解】 考查代词。句意：经过一段时间，斯科特和他的队员们不得不亲自推动雪橇前进。设空处表示“斯科特和他的队员们自己”,故使用反身代词。故填themselves。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Since the 1970s, scientists ___17___ (search) for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain- computer interface technology could help people ___18___ disabilities send commands to machines. Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from Switzerland, showed a small robotic wheelchair ___19___ (direct) by a person’s thoughts. In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he ___20___ (watch) the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts. 【答案】17. have been searching 18. with 19. directed 20. watched 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述的是科学家探索脑机接口，助力残障人士生活。这一技术展现了脑机接口技术在辅助残障人士生活方面的巨大潜力。 【17题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：自20世纪70年代以来，科学家们一直在寻找将大脑与计算机连接起来的方法。设空处使用动词作谓语，句中Since the 1970s为现在完成时时间标志，同时根据句意，此处表示自20世纪70年代以来科学家们一直在寻找，表示该动作继续持续到未来，故使用现在完成进行时。主语复数，谓语复数。故填have been searching。 【18题详解】 考查介词。句意：脑机接口技术可以帮助残疾人向机器发送指令。句中help sb with sth为固定短语，意为“帮助某人做某事”。故填with。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，来自瑞士的两位研究人员何塞·米兰(Jose Millan)和米歇尔·塔维拉(Michele Tavella)展示了一种由人的思想控制的小型机器人轮椅。句中showed为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处wheelchair与direct之间为被动关系，故使用过去分词作后置定语。故填directed。 【20题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：他甚至可以边看车边说话，并用思想引导它。设空处使用动词作谓语，根据句意和前文的operated此处表示过去事实故使用一般过去时。故填watched。 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。 A Let's be honest: it can be hard to get motivated to do your schoolwork even in the best of times. So finding the motivation, while you’re learning from home, is extra challenging. Here are a few tips that could maximize your motivation. 1. Guard Your Time You do not need large amounts of time to be productive. Instead, be focused in short blocks when you can work without interruption. Protect these open times by setting up your workspace to minimize distractions—including silencing notifications (通知) on your cellphone or laptop. 2. Determine How Much Work Is Needed Write down the work you need to achieve, because there is a limit to how much information you can recall and process at one time. Examine the remaining projects, and estimate the amount and type of effort each requires. 3. Break Large Projects into Smaller Ones Breaking big projects into smaller and more manageable tasks allows you to achieve maximum efficiency and effectiveness. Your assigned tasks should follow a logical order. Also, making a list and crossing things off that list is really satisfying. 4. Set Goals Set goals related to effort. For example, plan to spend 60 minutes at a specific time of the day studying a pre-determined concept. Also, set goals related to the completion of specific tasks or projects. For instance, give yourself a deadline to read and take notes on a specific article for a certain paper you must write. 5. Identify the Rewards It pays to clarify the rewards this term—whether those rewards are internal, such as the feeling of accomplishment that comes from understanding a difficult concept well, or external, such as getting a good grade. Work to build good habits and strategies now. It will pay off in the future. 21. What skills do the first two tips relate to? A. Writing skills. B. Social skills. C. Teamwork skills. D. Time management skills. 22. According to the passage, which can help you most when you are faced with a big task? A. Tip 2. B. Tip 3. C. Tip 4. D. Tip 5. 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To show students how to stay focused on schoolwork. B. To analyze students' difficulties of learning from home. C. To offer students advice on how to improve productivity. D. To summarize some tips for parents to share with their children. 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。即使在最好的时候,也很难有动力去做你的学业。因此,你在家里学习的时候,找到动力是额外的挑战。文章介绍一些建议可以最大化你的动机。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据1. Guard Your Time中的“You do not need large amounts of time to be productive.（你不需要大量的时间来提高效率）” 和2. Determine How Much Work Is Needed中的“Write down the work you need to achieve, because there is a limit to how much information you can recall and process at one time.（写下你需要完成的工作，因为你一次能回忆和处理的信息是有限的）”，由此可知，前两条建议涉及“时间管理”技能。故选D。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据3. Break Large Projects into Smaller Ones中“Breaking big projects into smaller and more manageable tasks allows you to achieve maximum efficiency and effectiveness. Your assigned tasks should follow a logical order. Also, making a list and crossing things off that list is really satisfying. （把大的项目分解成更小的、更易于管理的任务可以让你达到最大的效率和效果。你分配的任务应该遵循一个逻辑顺序。此外，列一个清单，然后从清单上划掉一些东西，真的很令人满足）”，由此可知，根据文章，当你面对一个大任务时，Tip 3可以帮助你最大。故选B。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Let's be honest: it can be hard to get motivated to do your schoolwork even in the best of times. So finding the motivation, while you’re learning from home, is extra challenging. Here are a few tips that could maximize your motivation. （说实话:即使在最好的时候，你也很难有动力去做功课。所以，当你在家里学习时，找到动力是额外的挑战。这里有一些建议，可以最大化你的动机）”，可知，这篇文章的主要目的是就如何提高工作效率向学生提供建议。故选C。 B Scientists regularly make vital new discoveries, but few can claim to have invented an entirely new field of science. Chemist Carolyn Bertozzi is one of them. Her discovery of biorthogonal chemistry (生物正交化学) in 2003 created a brand-new discipline of scientific investigation, which has enabled countless advances in medical science and led to a far greater understanding of biology at a molecular (分子的) level. On October 5, Bertozzi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, jointly with two other professors. She is also the only woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize in science this year, after an all-male line-up in 2021. Bertozzi was the middle daughter of an MIT physics professor and a secretary. Few predicted that Bertozzi would be the most famous person in the family. While her academic performance was not bad in high school, she was fond of playing soccer. She ended up being admitted to Harvard University. Despite her talent in soccer, she found it too time-consuming and quit the sport to devote herself to academics. But before becoming a rock star scientist, Bertozzi almost became an actual rock star. When she started at Harvard, she was tempted to major in music. That idea was “unpopular” with her parents, and she was timid about defying them. Instead, she chose the premed (医学预科的) track that included classes in math and sciences and declared herself a biology major at the end of her first year of college. Her interest in music did not completely fall by the wayside, however. Bertozzi played keyboards and sang backup vocals for a hair metal band. Bertozzi, however, did not play with the band for long. Once the band’s practices and performances conflicted with her labs and classes, there was only one outcome. Plus, she’d soon have organic chemistry. The course is infamous for weeding out pre-meds. Without any clear career ambitions up to that point, Bertozzi had been thinking about possibly becoming a doctor when, in her sophomore year (大二学年) , she suddenly fell so head over heels in love with her chemistry course that she couldn’t tear herself away from her textbooks long enough to go out on Saturday nights. A torture to many was pure pleasure for her. Bertozzi changed her major from biology to chemistry a year later. Bertozzi has sometimes joked about her having missed out on her chance to follow Morello to Los Angeles. “I didn’t get on that bus, and my playing is now limited to ‘The Wheel’s on the Bus Go Round,’ I’m waiting for my sons to get old enough to appreciate 1980s heavy metal!” 24. What can we learn about Bertozzi from the first two paragraphs? A. Bertozzi made significant discoveries in the field of Chemistry. B. Bertozzi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2021. C. Bertozzi did better in academic performance than her siblings. D. Bertozzi gave up soccer because she needed time to learn. 25. What does the underlined word in paragraph 3 mean? A. approach B. defend C. disobey D. tell 26. What would Bertozzi probably have done if she had had a chemistry course to go on at Harvard? A. Bertozzi would weed out the course for pre-meds. B. Bertozzi would tear herself away from her textbooks. C. Bertozzi would regard the course as torture to her. D. Bertozzi would give up her playing with the band. 27. What kind of person do you think Carolyn Bertozzi is? A. Talented and creative. B. Athletic and critical. C. Humble and passionate. D. Brave and sympathetic. 【答案】24. D 25. C 26. D 27. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了化学家Carolyn Bertozzi在科学领域的突破性发现和成就以及她的个人生活和兴趣。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Despite her talent in soccer, she found it too time-consuming and quit the sport to devote herself to academics.(尽管她在足球方面很有天赋，但她发现这项运动太费时，于是退出了这项运动，全身心地投入到学术研究中。)”可知，Bertozzi放弃了足球，因为她需要时间来学习。故选D。 【25题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“When she started at Harvard, she was tempted to major in music. That idea was “unpopular” with her parents,(刚进入哈佛大学时，她想主修音乐。这个想法在她父母那里“不受欢迎”)”以及划线词后文的句子“Instead, she chose the premed (医学预科的) track that included classes in math and sciences and declared herself a biology major at the end of her first year of college.(相反，她选择了包括数学和科学课程的医学预科课程，并在大学一年级结束时宣布自己的专业是生物学。)”可知，父母不同意她主修音乐，她转而选择了医学预科直至生物学，看得出她不敢违背父母的想法，因此划线词的意思是“违背”C选项“disobey(违背)”与划线词为同义词。故选C。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Bertozzi played keyboards and sang backup vocals for a hair metal band. Bertozzi, however, did not play with the band for long. Once the band’s practices and performances conflicted with her labs and classes, there was only one outcome.( Bertozzi为一支金属乐队演奏键盘和伴唱。然而，Bertozzi并没有和乐队一起演奏太久。一旦乐队的练习和表演与她的实验室和课程发生冲突，就只有一个结果。)”可知，当乐队的练习和表演与她的实验室和课程发生冲突时，只有一个结果。因此，如果Bertozzi在哈佛继续学习化学课程，她可能会放弃与乐队一起演奏。故选D。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Her discovery of biorthogonal chemistry (生物正交化学) in 2003 created a brand-new discipline of scientific investigation, which has enabled countless advances in medical science and led to a far greater understanding of biology at a molecular (分子的) level.  (她在2003年发现的生物正交化学创造了一个全新的科学研究学科，使医学科学取得了无数进步，并在分子水平上对生物学有了更深入的了解)”可推知，Bertozzi开创了新的研究领域，看得出她是有创造力的；根据“She is also the only woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize in science this year, after an all-male line-up in 2021.(她也是今年唯一一位获得诺贝尔科学奖的女性，而2021年的获奖者都是男性)”可推知，Bertozzi是有才华的。A选项“Talented and creative.( 有才华和有创造力。)”符合题意。故选A。 C Imagine that on a Friday afternoon, before leaving work to start your weekend, you are asked to solve two problems that require creative thinking. Do you: 1) . Spend the first half of your time attempting the first problem and the second half of your time attempting the second; 2) . Alternate between the two problems at a regular, predetermined interval (e. g. , switching every five minutes) ; 3) . Switch between the problems at your own discretion (自行决定) . If you are like the hundreds of people to whom we posed this question, you would choose to switch between the two problems at your own discretion. After all, this approach offers maximum autonomy and flexibility, enabling you to change tracks from one problem to the other when you feel stuck. But if coming up with creative answers is your goal, this approach may not be ideal. Instead, switching between the problems at a regular, predetermined interval will likely yield the best results, according to research we published in the March issue of Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. In an experiment, we randomly assigned participants to one of the three approaches. Participants who were instructed to continually switch back and forth between two problems at a fixed interval were significantly more likely to find the correct answer to both problems than participants who switched at their own discretion or halfway through the allotted time. The issue with both other approaches seemed to be that people failed to recognize when rigid thinking crept in. Participants who didn’t step away from a task at regular intervals were more likely to write “new” ideas that were very similar to the last one they had written. While they might have felt that they were on a roll, the reality was that, without the breaks afforded by continual task switching, their actual progress was limited. The findings suggest that the hustle and bustle of your daily work life may facilitate your creativity if it leads you to step away from a task and reset your thinking. So when you’re working on tasks that would benefit from creative thinking, consciously insert breaks at regular intervals—use a timer if you have to. When it goes off, switch tasks: Organize your receipts, check your email, or clean your desk, and then return to the original task. If you’re hesitant to break away because you feel that you’re on a roll, be mindful that it might be a false impression. We tend to generate redundant ideas when we don’t take regular breaks; ask yourself whether your latest ideas are qualitatively different. Finally, don’t skip your lunch breaks, and don’t feel guilty about taking breaks, especially when you are feeling stuck. Doing so may actually be the best use of your time. 28. Why do people favor the third approach mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. Because it facilitates autonomous learning. B. Because it encourages independent thinking. C. Because it improves concentration. D. Because it allows much freedom. 29. What does the underlined word “rigid” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. critical B. inflexible C. innovative D. serious 30. What can be inferred from the passage? A. People will make great progress when they work continually. B. People will automatically take breaks when they feel stuck C. Regularly scheduled breaks can refresh people’s thinking. D. Continually doing chores is key to generating new ideas. 31. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To present a way to boost creative thinking. B. To introduce a new study on work efficiency. C. To compare three methods of creative thinking. D. To explain why people fail to produce creative ideas. 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在解决需要创造性思维的问题时，如何更有效地切换任务才能促进创造性思维。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Switch between the problems at your own discretion (自行决定) . (在问题之间自行决定切换。)”以及第二段“If you are like the hundreds of people to whom we posed this question, you would choose to switch between the two problems at your own discretion. After all, this approach offers maximum autonomy and flexibility, enabling you to change tracks from one problem to the other when you feel stuck. (如果你和我们对其提问这一问题的数百人一样，你会选择在这两个问题之间自行切换。毕竟，这种方法提供了最大的自主权和灵活性，使您能够在感到困难时将轨迹从一个问题更改为另一个问题。)”可知，第三种方法受欢迎，是因为这种方法提供最大的自主权和灵活性，人们相信它可以允许很大的自由。故选D。 【29题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“The issue with both other approaches seemed to be that people failed to recognize….(其他两种方法的问题似乎都是，人们没有意识到……)”以及根据划线词后面的内容“ Participants who didn’t step away from a task at regular intervals were more likely to write “new” ideas that were very similar to the last one they had written. (那些没有定期离开任务的参与者更有可能写出与他们上次写的非常相似的“新”想法。)”可知，不定期离开任务的参与者更有可能得到的想法与之前的非常相似，在无意识的情况下，形成了僵化思维，而人们没有意识到这种僵化性思维。由此推测划线单词表示“不灵活的，僵化的”，与B选项“inflexible(不灵活)”意义相近。故选B。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The findings suggest that the hustle and bustle of your daily work life may facilitate your creativity if it leads you to step away from a task and reset your thinking. (研究结果表明，如果你的日常工作生活中的忙碌会让你放弃任务，重新设定思维，那么它可能会促进你的创造力。)”以及最后一段“So when you’re working on tasks that would benefit from creative thinking, consciously insert breaks at regular intervals—use a timer if you have to. When it goes off, switch tasks: Organize your receipts, check your email, or clean your desk, and then return to the original task.  (因此，当你在做有利于创造性思维的任务时，有意识地每隔一段时间插入休息时间——如果必须的话，可以使用计时器。当计时器关闭时，切换任务：整理收据、检查电子邮件或清理办公桌，然后返回到原始任务。)”可知，有意识地每隔一段时间休息一会儿，会使得人们重新设定思维，可能会促进创造力，即有规律的安排休息可以刷新人们的思维。故选C。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The findings suggest that the hustle and bustle of your daily work life may facilitate your creativity if it leads you to step away from a task and reset your thinking. (研究结果表明，如果你的日常工作生活中的忙碌会让你放弃任务，重新设定思维，那么它可能会促进你的创造力。)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了在解决需要创造性思维的问题时，如何更有效地切换任务才能促进创造性思维，文章的目的是介绍一种促进创造性思维的方法。故选A。 D Automation and job replacement will be one of the most significant challenges for the global economy of the coming decades. A 2017 Mckinsey report established that 375 million workers will need to switch occupational categories by 2030. The World Economic Forum suggests that by 2022, automation will replace 75 million jobs globally — but create 133 million new ones. Research into the likelihood that a job will be impacted by digitization has largely focused on the “automatability” of the role and the following economic regional and political effects of this. What this research doesn’t take into account is something more important for the millions of taxi drivers and retail workers across the globe: their likelihood of being able to change to another job that isn’t automatable. Recent research suggests that the answer to this may be that the skills that enable workers to move up the ladder to more complex roles within their current areas might be less important than broader skills that will enable workers to change across divisions. In July, Amazon announced that it would spend $700 million retraining around 30%of its 300, 000 US workforce. While praiseworthy, it will be interesting to see the outcome. In the UK, the National Retraining Scheme has largely been led by employers, meaning that those on zero-hours contracts and part-time workers — often low-skilled — will miss out. Governance will be a crucial element of ensuring that such schemes focus on individuals and life-long learning, rather than upskilling workers into roles that will soon also face automation. According to the Mckinsey report, “growing awareness of the scale of the task ahead has yet to translate into action. Public spending on labor-force training and support has fallen for years in most member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development,” which impacts more than just the low-skilled and poorly compensated. The global impact of automation is also put into relief by research demonstrating that, between 1988 and 2015, income inequality increased throughout the world. Billions of people do not have the essentials of life as defined by the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Alongside climate change, automation is arguably tech’s biggest challenge. As with globalization, governments and employers — and us workers — ignore its potential consequences at risk to ourselves. 32. What is the author’s attitude towards retraining programs for upskilling? A. Supportive. B. Critical. C. Skeptical. D. Sympathetic. 33. According to the author, what is one consequence of automation? A. Less spending on training. B. Social unrest and instability. C. A slowdown of globalization. D. An increase in income inequality. 34. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To stress the importance of enabling workers. B. To analyze the automatability of certain jobs. C. To compare globalization with automation. D. To argue the urgency of creating new jobs. 【答案】32. C 33. D 34. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了自动化的影响，分析了提高工人技能的必要性。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“ In the UK, the National Retraining Scheme has largely been led by employers, meaning that those on zero-hours contracts and part-time workers — often low-skilled — will miss out. (在英国，国家再培训计划在很大程度上是由雇主主导的，这意味着那些零时工合同和兼职工人——通常是低技能工人——将错过机会。)”可知，作者认为再培训项目常常会忽略更需要培训的人群。由此可知，作者对再培训项目持有怀疑的态度。故选C。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“The global impact of automation is also put into relief by research demonstrating that, between 1988 and 2015, income inequality increased throughout the world. (研究表明，在1988年至2015年期间，全球收入不平等加剧，这也凸显了自动化对全球的影响。)”可知，自动化加剧了收入的不平等。故选D。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Recent research suggests that the answer to this may be that the skills that enable workers to move up the ladder to more complex foles within their current areas might be less important than broader skills that will enable workers to change across divisions.( 最近的研究表明，这个问题的答案可能是，那些能让员工在当前领域内晋升到更复杂职位的技能，可能不如那些能让员工在不同部门之间做出改变的更广泛的技能重要。)”以及最后一段中“Alongside climate change, automation is arguably tech’s biggest challenge. As with globalization, governments and employers — and us workers — ignore its potential consequences at risk to ourselves.( 除了气候变化，自动化可以说是科技面临的最大挑战。就像全球化一样，政府和雇主——以及我们工人——忽视了它对我们自身的潜在风险。)”并通读全文可知，文章主要说明了自动化和就业替代将是未来几十年全球经济面临的最重大挑战之一，而要应对这一趋势，当务之急是提高自身技能，尤其是跨部门跳槽所需的广泛技能。由此可推知，这篇文章是为了强调提高工人技能的重要性。故选A。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将 该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Optimism Bias (偏见) While we often like to think of ourselves as highly rational and logical, researchers have found that the human brain is sometimes too optimistic for its own good. If you were asked to estimate how likely you are to experience illness, job loss, or an accident, you are likely to underestimate the probability that such events will ever impact your life. ___35___ This bias leads us to believe that we are less likely to suffer from misfortune and more likely to attain success than reality would suggest. We believe that we will live longer, and that we will be more successful in life than the average. ___36___ The optimism bias is essentially a mistaken belief that our chances of experiencing negative events are lower and our chances of experiencing positive events are higher than those of our peers. And this overly positive assumption doesn’t mean that we have an overly sunny outlook on our own lives. ___37___ People might skip their yearly physical, not wear their seatbelt, or fail to put on sunscreen because they mistakenly believe that they are less likely to get sick, get in an accident, or get skin cancer. Cognitive neuroscientist Tali Sharot, author of The Optimism Bias: A Tour of the Irrationally Positive Brain, notes that this bias is widespread and can be seen in cultures all over the world. Sharot also suggests that while this optimism bias can at times lead to negative outcomes like foolishly engaging in risky behaviors or making poor choices about your health, it can also have its benefits. ___38___ If we expect good things to happen, we are more likely to be happy. This optimism can act as a self-fulfilling prophecy. By believing that we will be successful, people are in fact more likely to be successful. ___39___ After all, if we didn’t believe that we could achieve success, why would we even bother trying? Optimists are also more likely to take measures to protect their health such as exercising, taking vitamins, and following a nutritious diet. A. Optimism also motivates us to pursue our goals. B. But we are also highly motivated to be so optimistic. C. But definitely not everyone is blessed with such luck. D. This is because your brain has a built-in optimism bias. E. It can also lead to poor decision-making, which can sometimes have disastrous results. F. This optimism enhances well-being by creating a sense of anticipation about the future. G. Various causes may lead to the optimistic bias, including cognitive and motivational factors. 【答案】35. D 36. C 37. E 38. F 39. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕着乐观偏见展开，介绍了什么是乐观偏见以及乐观偏见的优缺点。 【35题详解】 根据上文While we often like to think of ourselves as highly rational and logical, researchers have found that the human brain is sometimes too optimistic for its own good. If you were asked to estimate how likely you are to experience illness, job loss, or an accident, you are likely to underestimate the probability that such events will ever impact your life.可知虽然我们通常认为自己是高度理性和逻辑性的，但研究人员发现，人类大脑有时过于乐观，不利于自身的健康。 如果你被要求估计你经历疾病、失业或事故的可能性，你可能会低估这些事件影响你生活的可能性。由此可知，本句承接上文，解释说明产生上述这种现象的原因。故D选项“这是因为你的大脑有一种内在的乐观偏见”符合上下文语境，故选D。 【36题详解】 根据上文We believe that we will live longer, and that we will be more successful in life than the average.可知我们相信我们会活得更久，我们会比一般人更成功。由此可知，乐观偏见会让我们认为我们比其他人更幸运，本句则应当是表明不是每个人都这么幸运，与下文介绍乐观偏见的误区紧密联系。故C选项“但肯定不是每个人都有这样的运气”符合上下文语境，故选C。 【37题详解】 根据后文People might skip their yearly physical, not wear their seatbelt, or fail to put on sunscreen because they mistakenly believe that they are less likely to get sick, get in an accident, or get skin cancer.可知人们可能会跳过每年一次的体检，不系安全带，或者不涂防晒霜，因为他们错误地认为自己不太可能生病、出事故或得皮肤癌。由此可知，下文提到的不去体检，不系安全带以及不涂防晒霜就是乐观偏见导致的决策失误以及带来的一系列后果，故E选项“它还会导致错误的决策，有时会导致灾难性的结果”符合上下文语境，故选E。 【38题详解】 根据后文If we expect good things to happen, we are more likely to be happy. This optimism can act as a self-fulfilling prophecy.可知如果我们期待好事发生，我们就更有可能快乐。这种乐观可以作为一种自我实现的预言。由此可知，上文已经从乐观偏见带来的弊端转到好处，那么本句则是具体解释了乐观偏见带来的好处。故F选项“这种乐观主义通过创造一种对未来的期待来增强幸福感”符合上下文语境，故选F。 【39题详解】 根据后文After all, if we didn’t believe that we could achieve success, why would we even bother trying?可知毕竟，如果我们不相信我们能成功，我们为什么还要去尝试呢？由此可知，首先要有一个乐观的心态，认为自己能够成功，才有信心去尝试。本段是在说明乐观会激励人们追求目标。故A选项“乐观也会激励我们追求目标”符合上下文语境，故选A。 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41 题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12 分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Overcoming the Temptation of Quick Success and Self-Doubt The pressure to perform and the desire for immediate results can often lead to a mindset of seeking quick success. This mindset, coupled with the tendency to doubt oneself when results are not immediate, can be a formidable barrier to consistent and effective leaning. Understanding Quick Success and Self-Doubt Quick success refers to the eagerness to achieve immediate results without considering the long-term process and effort required. It is the impatience that leads students to expect significant progress after minimal investment of time and energy. When these expectations are not met, self-doubt sets in. This is the internal questioning of one’s abilities and worth, often triggered by perceived failures or setbacks. Consequences of Quick Success and Self-Doubt The pursuit of quick success and the subsequent self-doubt can have several negative consequences. It can lead to a lack of perseverance causing students to study in fits and starts, rather than maintaining a steady and dedicated approach. This inconsistency can hinder the development of deep understanding and mastery of subjects. Moreover it can result in increased stress and anxiety, as students constantly compared their progress with others, feeling inadequate when their pace of improvement does not match their expectations. Strategies to Overcome These Challenges To combat the allure of quick success and the creeping self-doubt, consider the following strategies: 1. Set Realistic Goals: Establish achievable targets that are challenging yet within reach. Breakdown larger goals into smaller, manageable tasks. 2. Embrace the Leaming Process: Recognize that learning is a journey that requires time and patience. Embrace the process and understand that setbacks are part of growth. 3. Develop a Growth Mindset: Cultivate the belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through dedication and hard work. View challenges as opportunities to learn and improve. In conclusion, while the desire for quick success is understandable, it’s crucial to recognize the importance of a steady and dedicated approach to learning. By overcoming self-doubt and embracing the learning process, students can develop the resilience and determination needed to succeed in their academic endeavors. Remember, true learning is not about the speed of progress but the depth of understanding and the ability to persevere through challenges. 40. What does “quick success” mean according to the passage? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What results will the pursuit of quick success and self-doubt have? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Students’ true learning is facilitated in their studies because they are motivated by a deep desire for quick success. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Besides the strategies to overcome challenges in the passage, what other strategies do you think are effective? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. It refers to the eagerness to achieve immediate results without considering the long-term process and effort required. 41. It can lead to a lack of perseverance, hinder the development of deep understanding and mastery of subjects, and result in increased stress and anxiety. 42. Students’ true learning is facilitated in their studies because they are motivated by a deep desire for quick success. Underlined: because they are motivated by a deep desire for quick success. Explanation: The passage states that the pursuit of quick success can lead to a lack of perseverance and hinder the development of deep understanding, so it is not true that students’ true learning is facilitated by a desire for quick success. 43. Another effective strategy is to seek support from teachers or peers. They can provide guidance, encouragement, and different perspectives, helping students stay motivated and overcome challenges. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要探讨了探讨如何克服追求快速成功和自我怀疑的诱惑，以实现持续有效的学习。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Quick success refers to the eagerness to achieve immediate results without considering the long-term process and effort required. (急功近利指的是急于取得立竿见影的结果，而不考虑长期的过程和努力。)”可知，急功近利指的是急于取得立竿见影的结果，而不考虑长期的过程和努力。故答案为It refers to the eagerness to achieve immediate results without considering the long-term process and effort required. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“It can lead to a lack of perseverance, causing students to study in fits and starts, rather than maintaining a steady and dedicated approach. This inconsistency can hinder the development of deep understanding and mastery of subjects. Moreover it can result in increased stress and anxiety, as students constantly compared their progress with others, feeling inadequate when their pace of improvement does not match their expectations.( 它会导致缺乏毅力，导致学生断断续续地学习，而不是保持稳定和专注的方法。这种不一致会阻碍深入理解和掌握学科的发展。此外，它还会导致压力和焦虑的增加，因为学生们不断地将自己的进步与他人进行比较，当他们的进步速度与自己的期望不符时，他们会感到不足。)”可知，追求快速成功和自我怀疑会导致缺乏毅力，阻碍深入理解和掌握学科的发展，并导致压力和焦虑增加。故答案为It can lead to a lack of perseverance, hinder the development of deep understanding and mastery of subjects, and result in increased stress and anxiety. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“It can lead to a lack of perseverance, causing students to study in fits and starts, rather than maintaining a steady and dedicated approach. This inconsistency can hinder the development of deep understanding and mastery of subjects. (它会导致缺乏毅力，导致学生断断续续地学习，而不是保持稳定和专注方法。这种不一致会阻碍深入理解和掌握学科的发展。)”可知，追求快速成功和自我怀疑会导致缺乏毅力，导致学生断断续续地学习，而不是保持稳定和专注的方法。这种不一致会阻碍深入理解和掌握学科的发展。题干中的原句“Students’ true learning is facilitated in their studies because they are motivated by a deep desire for quick success.(学生真正的学习是在他们的学习中被促进的，因为他们被一种快速成功的强烈愿望所激励。)”错误的部分为“because they are motivated by a deep desire for quick success.(因为他们被急功近利的强烈欲望所驱使。)”，因为文章指出，追求急功近利会导致缺乏毅力，阻碍深入理解的发展，因此，学生真正的学习是由急功近利的愿望促进的，这是不正确的。故答案为：The passage states that the pursuit of quick success can lead to a lack of perseverance and hinder the development of deep understanding, so it is not true that students’ true learning is facilitated by a desire for quick success. 【43题详解】 开放式题目。根据题干“Besides the strategies to overcome challenges in the passage, what other strategies do you think are effective? (除了文章中克服挑战的策略，你认为还有哪些策略是有效的？)”可知，该题目属于开放式题目。本人认为另一个有效的策略是寻求老师或同伴的支持。他们可以提供指导、鼓励和不同的观点，帮助学生保持动力，克服挑战。故答案为：Another effective strategy is to seek support from teachers or peers. They can provide guidance, encouragement, and different perspectives, helping students stay motivated and overcome challenges. 第二节(20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 在给你的邮件中提及他对中国优秀传统文化感兴趣并渴望学习。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括： 1. 从京剧、文学或绘画中选择其一推荐； 2. 说明推荐的理由。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m glad to hear that you have developed an interest in our excellent traditional culture and want to learn more about it. Among the fields of Peking Opera, literature, and painting, I would like to recommend Peking Opera to you for its unique charm. Peking Opera is a traditional Chinese art form which has a history of more than 200 years and is deeply rooted in Chinese culture. There are several reasons why I recommend Peking Opera to you. Firstly, it is a perfect representation of Chinese traditional art, which can help you better understand our culture. Secondly, the skills and techniques involved in Peking Opera, such as face-painting and acrobatics, are highly challenging and require great dedication and perseverance, which I believe will inspire you. Lastly, watching Peking Opera performances can be a thrilling and memorable experience. If you have any further questions or need more information please don’t hesitate to ask me. I’m more than happy to help. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你的英国好友 Jim 在给你的邮件中提及他对中国优秀传统文化感兴趣并渴望学习。他向你咨询相关信息。要求考生就此内容写一封邮件进行回复。 【详解】1.词汇积累 开心的：glad→delighted 首先：firstly → first of all 最后：lastly→finally 令人激动的：thrilling→ exhilarating 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Among the fields of Peking Opera, literature, and painting, I would like to recommend Peking Opera to you for its unique charm. 拓展句：Among the fields of Peking Opera, literature, and painting, I would like to recommend Peking Opera to you, which is renowned for its unique charm. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Firstly, it is a perfect representation of Chinese traditional art, which can help you better understand our culture.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】 Lastly, watching Peking Opera performances can be a thrilling and memorable experience.（运用了动名词作主语的结构） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$