2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习培优外刊阅读学案：卡夫卡逝世百年

高三英语培优外刊阅读 班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________ 外刊精选｜卡夫卡逝世百年：TikTok上的年轻人为何为他痴迷？ 2024年是著名作家弗朗茨·卡夫卡逝世100周年。《纽约时报》近日一篇报道称，在TikTok上，卡夫卡的语录和照片大受追捧，这位大作家在作品中展现出的超前洞察直击现代人的内心，引发无数人的共鸣。时隔百年，这位文学大师如何成为自带流量的“网红”作家？如何理解他的作品中与现代人的精神连接？ The Very Online Afterlife of Franz Kafka By Amanda Hess "Franz Kafka becomes an unlikely HEARTTHROB on TikTok — where Gen Zers are swooning over the Czech novelist nearly 100 YEARS after his death," ran a Daily Mail headline. The article surfaced fancam-style compilations that use Kafka's pictures as well as melodramatic readings of his letters. The personas of dead authors are more fun to play with than those of the living. Some literary TikTokers style their feeds in Dostoyevsky's melancholy, others in Nabokov's mischief. Kafka has become shorthand on the app for alienation, which has become the backdrop of a digitally mediated life. The internet, the very place where we are now expected to craft a self, is also an identity-destabilizing machine. When Kafka wrote "I have hardly anything in common with myself," he could have been describing the experience of confronting one's own online persona. And his "Letters to Milena" has become a rich TikTok text. Kafka fans hold his passionate words in playful contrast to the lazy and pathetic text messages they have received from men. For more clues to Kafka's contemporary appeal, I called Becca Rothfeld, the nonfiction book critic at The Washington Post. "What seemed so new and uncanny when he was writing has become very familiar," Rothfeld said. The once-surprising edge of the Kafkaesque insight is "irrecoverable," she added, "because now it's just our life." 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.afterlife英 [ˈɑːftəlaɪf] 美 [ˈæftərlaɪf]n. _____________________________ 2.heartthrob英 [ˈhɑːtθrɒb] 美 [ˈhɑːrtθrɑːb]n. _____________________________ 3.Gen Zer _____________________________ 4.headline n. _____________________________ 5.surface英 [ˈsɜːfɪs] 美 [ˈsɜrːfɪs]n. _____________________；v. _______________ 6.fancam英 [ˈfænkæm] 美 [ˈfænkæm]n. _____________________________ 7.compilation英 [ˌkɒmpɪˈleɪʃn] 美 [ˌkɑːmpəˈleɪʃn]n._____________________________ 8.melodramatic英 [ˌmelədrəˈmætɪk] 美 [ˌmelədrəˈmætɪk]adj. ______________ 9.melodrama n. _____________________________ 10.reading英 [ˈriːdɪŋ] 美 [ˈriːdɪŋ]n. _____________________________ 11.persona英 [pəˈsəʊnə] 美 [pərˈsoʊnə]n. _____________________________ 12.style英 [staɪl] 美 [staɪl]n. ______________；v. ______________ 13.feed英 [fiːd] 美 [fiːd]n. _____________________________ 14.melancholy英 [ˈmeləŋkɒli] 美 [ˈmeləŋkɑːli]n. _____________________________ 15.mischief英 [ˈmɪstʃɪf] 美 [ˈmɪstʃɪf]n. _____________________________ 16.shorthand英 [ˈʃɔːthænd] 美 [ˈʃɔːrthænd]n. _____________________________ 17.be shorthand for something......_____________________________ 18.alienation英 [ˌeɪliəˈneɪʃn] 美 [ˌeɪliəˈneɪʃn]n_____________________________ 19.backdrop英 [ˈbækdrɒp] 美 [ˈbækdrɑːp]n. _____________________________ 20.mediate英 [ˈmiːdieɪt] 美 [ˈmiːdieɪt]v. _____________________________ 21.craft n. _____________________________；v. _____________________________ 22.destabilize英 [ˌdiːˈsteɪblaɪz] 美 [ˌdiːˈsteɪblaɪz]v. _____________________________ 23.pathetic英 [pəˈθetɪk] 美 [pəˈθetɪk]adj. _____________________________ 24.uncanny英 [ʌnˈkæni] 美 [ʌnˈkæni]adj._____________________________ 25.edge英 [edʒ] 美 [edʒ]n. _____________________________ 26.Kafkaesque英 [ˌkæfkəˈesk] 美 [ˌkɑːfkəˈesk]adj. _____________________________ 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1._____________________________（对某人爱慕得）神魂颠倒 2._____________________________对明星疯狂痴迷的少女 3._____________________________给出新闻标题 4._____________________________上新闻，上头条 5._____________________________做头发 6._____________________________以......为背景 7._____________________________塑造自我 8._____________________________ 塑造人设 9._____________________________ 扰乱经济秩序 10._____________________________破坏地区稳定 11._____________________________把A和B作对比 12._____________________________蹩脚的借口 13._____________________________ 没水准的玩笑，烂梗 14._____________________________ 文风犀利 拓展练习阅读理解 Chicago’s Lyric Opera is aiming to make its performances more accessible via the SoundShirt. In October, Lyric became the first opera company to offer the shirts to audience members who are deaf or hard of hearing. The device comes from a London-based wearable tech brand called CuteCircuit. Each shirt costs about $1,900, but interested guests can reserve one for special performances at $20 a ticket. Audience members who intend to use the shirts will sit in seats with a view of both the conductor and Lyric’s sign language interpreter. The SoundShirt is worn like a lightweight jacket and features 16 small motors throughout. Microphones are placed around the orchestra on stage to record specific instruments and send a live signal to start vibrations (振动) in the shoulders, forearms and upper and lower back. Rachel Arfa, commissioner of Chicago’s Mayor’s Office for People with Disabilities, recently tested the SoundShirt at a production of West Side Story. “When Lyric approached me with this shirt, I was highly skeptical,” She tells The Washington Post’s Michael Andor Brodeur. “There are often technical solutions designed by people without disabilities for people with disabilities that do not solve barriers that we have.” The technology certainly isn’t for everyone. The Chicago Sun-Times’ Stefano Esposito says wearing a SoundShirt feels like “your body has become home to an entire hive (蜂巢) of non-stinging bees.” “It’s not an unpleasant sensation,” he writes, “just odd, very odd.” But for Arfa, the shirt exceeded expectations. “At live theater, it is difficult for me to discriminate between different sounds, so I rely on access provided for equal access,” she tells The Washington Post. “I began to understand that the motors on the SoundShirt vibrated in conjunction with the orchestra sounds... I am not able to hear this sound, but I could feel it. It was such a surprise and a thrill.” Tina Childress, an audiologist and advocate for accessibility in the arts, is excited by the variety of accessibility services now available to hard-of-hearing theatergoers. “It’s important to remember that you can use two or three of these choices at the same time,” she tells The Washington Post after testing the shirt. “With the SoundShirt, having that tactile (触觉的) feedback for what I don’t hear was instrumental in me enjoying the performance.” 9．What can we learn about the SoundShirt? A．It looks like a common T-shirt. B．It is created by Chicago’s Lyric Opera. C．It is expensive for people to purchase. D．It is promoted by Rachel Arfa. 10．How does the SoundShirt work? A．By stimulating users’ brains. B．By changing sounds into touches. C．By interpreting music as visual images. D．By linking users’ bodies with instruments directly. 11．What’s Stefano’s opinion on wearing the SoundShirt? A．Useful. B．Strange. C．Innovative. D．Surprised. 12．What does the underlined word “discriminate” mean in paragraph 9? A．Feel. B．Choose. C．Distinguish. D．Transmit. 外刊精选答案 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.afterlife英 [ˈɑːftəlaɪf] 美 [ˈæftərlaɪf]n. 来生，来世 2.heartthrob英 [ˈhɑːtθrɒb] 美 [ˈhɑːrtθrɑːb]n. 迷倒众人的偶像，万人迷 3.Gen Zer Z世代的人（a person of Generation Z） 4.headline n. （报纸的）大字标题 5.surface英 [ˈsɜːfɪs] 美 [ˈsɜrːfɪs]n. 表面；v. 浮出水面；显露，暴露，公开 6.fancam英 [ˈfænkæm] 美 [ˈfænkæm]n. 粉丝拍的照片或视频，饭拍 7.compilation英 [ˌkɒmpɪˈleɪʃn] 美 [ˌkɑːmpəˈleɪʃn]n. 合集，汇编物 8.melodramatic英 [ˌmelədrəˈmætɪk] 美 [ˌmelədrəˈmætɪk]adj. 夸大的，夸张的，戏剧性的 9.melodrama n. 通俗剧，情节剧 10.reading英 [ˈriːdɪŋ] 美 [ˈriːdɪŋ]n. 理解，解读 11.persona英 [pəˈsəʊnə] 美 [pərˈsoʊnə]n. （伪装的）形象，人设 12.style英 [staɪl] 美 [staɪl]n. 风格；v. 给……设计风格，做造型 13.feed英 [fiːd] 美 [fiːd]n. （社交媒体上发布的）内容，推文 14.melancholy英 [ˈmeləŋkɒli] 美 [ˈmeləŋkɑːli]n. 忧郁 15.mischief英 [ˈmɪstʃɪf] 美 [ˈmɪstʃɪf]n. 恶作剧 16.shorthand英 [ˈʃɔːthænd] 美 [ˈʃɔːrthænd]n. 速记；简略的表达方式 17.be shorthand for something......的简称，代名词 18.alienation英 [ˌeɪliəˈneɪʃn] 美 [ˌeɪliəˈneɪʃn]n. 异化 19.backdrop英 [ˈbækdrɒp] 美 [ˈbækdrɑːp]n. （事件的）背景 20.mediate英 [ˈmiːdieɪt] 美 [ˈmiːdieɪt]v. 调解，影响 21.craft n. 手艺，工艺；v. （运用技巧、匠心）制作 22.destabilize英 [ˌdiːˈsteɪblaɪz] 美 [ˌdiːˈsteɪblaɪz]v. 破坏……的稳定性，动摇，颠覆 23.pathetic英 [pəˈθetɪk] 美 [pəˈθetɪk]adj. 差劲的，令人生厌的 24.uncanny英 [ʌnˈkæni] 美 [ʌnˈkæni]adj. 离奇的，不可思议 25.edge英 [edʒ] 美 [edʒ]n. 优势；特性 26.Kafkaesque英 [ˌkæfkəˈesk] 美 [ˌkɑːfkəˈesk]adj. 卡夫卡式的 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.swoon over somebody（对某人爱慕得）神魂颠倒 2.teenage girls swooning over popstars 对明星疯狂痴迷的少女 3.run a headline给出新闻标题 4.grab/hit the headlines 上新闻，上头条 5.have one's hair styled 做头发 6.against the backdrop of something 以......为背景 7.craft a self塑造自我 8.craft a persona 塑造人设 9.destabilize the economy 扰乱经济秩序 10.destabilize a region 破坏地区稳定 11.hold A in contrast to B把A和B作对比 12.a pathetic excuse 蹩脚的借口 13.a pathetic joke 没水准的玩笑，烂梗 14.writing with a satirical edge 文风犀利 【全文翻译】 弗朗茨·卡夫卡的网络来生 “弗朗茨·卡夫卡（Franz Kafka）在TikTok上出人意料地成为了‘万人迷’——在这位捷克小说家去世近100年后，Z世代的人为他神魂颠倒，”《每日邮报》的一则新闻标题如是写道。这篇文章展现了卡夫卡的粉丝们做的“饭拍”合集，里面有他的各种照片，还有粉丝对他书信内容的煽情解读。 与在世的作家相比，已故作家的人设更值得玩味。在TikTok上，有些文学博主走的是陀思妥耶夫斯基（Dostoyevsky）的忧郁风，有些则主打纳博科夫（Nabokov）的顽皮风。而卡夫卡，已成为TikTok上“异化”的代名词，这种异化也早已成为数字科技支配下人类生活的大背景。 互联网，这个如今人人都得精心塑造人设的地方，同时也是一台瓦解身份的机器。当卡夫卡写下“我和我自己之间几乎没有任何共同之处”时，他所描述的感觉，可能就是现代人面对自己网络人设时的感受。 在TikTok上，卡夫卡的《给米莲娜的信》已广为传播。粉丝们将卡夫卡情感充沛的文字与现实生活中男性发来的短信做了有趣的对比，更加反衬出那些短信的内容随意又乏味。 为了进一步了解卡夫卡在当代为何如此有吸引力，我给贝卡·罗斯菲尔德（Becca Rothfeld）打了电话，她是《华盛顿邮报》非虚构类作品的书评人 “卡夫卡笔下的内容，在当时看来过于新奇费解，但现在已经变得再寻常不过了。”罗斯菲尔德说。她补充道，曾让世人惊讶不已的卡夫卡式洞见如今“再也找不回来了”，“因为它已变成了我们的生活。” 拓展练习阅读理解 9．C 10．B 11．B 12．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种SoundShirt可以帮助聋哑或重听观众更好地欣赏演出，介绍了其工作原理以及人们对此的看法。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Each shirt costs about $1,900, but interested guests can reserve one for special performances at $20 a ticket.(每件衬衫的价格约为1900美元，但感兴趣的客人可以以20美元的价格预订一件特殊演出的衬衫)”可知，SoundShirt很贵。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段“The SoundShirt is worn like a lightweight jacket and features 16 small motors throughout. Microphones are placed around the orchestra on stage to record specific instruments and send a live signal to start vibrations (振动) in the shoulders, forearms and upper and lower back.(“声音衬衫”穿起来就像一件轻便的夹克，全身有16个小马达。在舞台上的管弦乐队周围放置麦克风，记录特定的乐器，并发送实时信号，以启动肩膀，前臂和上下背部的振动)”以及最后一段“With the SoundShirt, having that tactile (触觉的) feedback for what I don’t hear was instrumental in me enjoying the performance.(有了SoundShirt，我听不到的声音有了触觉反馈，这对我享受表演很有帮助)”可知，SoundShirt把声音变成触觉来工作。故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段““It’s not an unpleasant sensation,” he writes, “just odd, very odd.”(“这不是一种不愉快的感觉，”他写道，“只是奇怪，非常奇怪。”)”可知，Stefano认为穿着SoundShirt奇怪。故选B。 12．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“At live theater, it is difficult for me to discriminate between different sounds, so I rely on access provided for equal access(在现场剧院，我很难discriminate不同的声音，所以我依靠提供的平等机会)”可知，提供平等机会是因为难以区分不同的声音。故划线词意思是“区别”。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$