2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习培优外刊阅读学案：美国大选还要创多少“第一”？

高三英语培优外刊阅读 班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________ 外刊精选｜拜登儿子和特朗普都被判有罪，这届美国大选还要创多少“第一”？ 近日，现年54岁的美国总统之子亨特·拜登被法院裁定三项涉枪重罪均成立，成为美国历史上第一位被判有罪的在任总统子女。就在不久前，特朗普被判“封口费案”34项罪名成立，成为美国历史上第一位重刑犯前总统。如果他竞选成功还将创造新的历史：美国历史上第一位重刑犯总统。对于拜登儿子被定罪，特朗普及其团队为何高兴不起来？美国2024年总统选举为何如此魔幻？ Hunter Biden Conviction Undercuts a Trump Narrative, and a Fund-Raising Pitch By Jonathan Swan, Maggie Haberman and Michael Gold The moment had finally come. Late Tuesday morning, nearly five years after Republicans first went after Hunter Biden, the president's son could finally be called a convicted felon. But Donald J. Trump and other Republicans did not seem to be relishing the opportunity. Many Trump allies had been secretly rooting for an acquittal. The talking points wrote themselves: It would have been yet more evidence that the United States justice system was rigged in favor of the Bidens and against the Trumps. Tuesday's guilty verdict was inconvenient to that narrative. Even more valuable would have been the fund-raising potential. After Mr. Trump was convicted in Manhattan on 34 felony counts, his campaign raised record sums online, and some of his advisers recognized that an acquittal of Mr. Biden's son had the potential to raise Mr. Trump far more cash than a conviction. Mr. Trump said Republicans needed to be careful "not to go overboard" on the Hunter Biden attacks, especially on the drug addiction issue, because it could elicit sympathy and make people view the president as a caring father. A Trump ally who spoke on the condition of anonymity said, "An acquittal on charges that he was obviously guilty was the only upside for us." 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.conviction英 [kənˈvɪkʃn] 美 [kənˈvɪkʃn]n. __________________________ 2.convict v. __________________________ 3.undercut英 [ˌʌndəˈkʌt] 美 [ˌʌndərˈkʌt]v. __________________________ 4.narrative英 [ˈnærətɪv] 美 [ˈnerətɪv]n. __________________________ 5.pitch英 [pɪtʃ] 美 [pɪtʃ]n. __________________________ 6.felon英 [ˈfelən] 美 [ˈfelən]n. __________________________ 7.felony n. __________________________ 8.misdemeanor n. __________________________ 9.relish英 [ˈrelɪʃ] 美 [ˈrelɪʃ]vt. __________________________ 10.acquittal英 [əˈkwɪtl] 美 [əˈkwɪtl]n.__________________________ 11.acquit v.__________________________ 12.quit v. __________________________ 13.rig英 [rɪɡ] 美 [rɪɡ]v. __________________________ 14.verdict英 [ˈvɜːdɪkt] 美 [ˈvɜrːdɪkt]n. __________________________ 15.potential英 [pəˈtenʃl] 美 [poʊˈtenʃl]n. __________________________ 16.record英 [ˈrekɔːd] 美 [ˈrekərd]adj. __________________________ 17.sum英 [sʌm] 美 [sʌm]n.__________________________ 18.elicit英 [iˈlɪsɪt] 美 [iˈlɪsɪt]v. __________________________ 19.upside英 [ˈʌpsaɪd] 美 [ˈʌpsaɪd]n.__________________________ 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.__________________________被判抢劫/纵火罪 2.__________________________要价比竞争对手更低 3.__________________________削减价格 4.__________________________削弱某人的权威 5.__________________________电影叙事 6.__________________________文学叙事 7.__________________________筹款 8.__________________________做得过头，过分激动 9.__________________________追捕，试图抓住；对……下手，公开批评攻击 10.__________________________享受挑战 11.__________________________支持，声援 12.__________________________发言大纲，核心观点；核心理由，背后的原因 13.__________________________毫不费力…… 14.__________________________ 操纵股市 15.__________________________有利于一方，不利于另一方 16__________________________给……带来麻烦、困扰 拓展练习阅读理解 Electric vehicles (EVs) are a strong weapon in the world's efforts against global warming. But the effects of EVs depend on what country you are in. In some nations, electric vehicles lead to the release of more carbon gasses than gasoline cars, new research shows. The Radiant Energy Group (REG) compared gas emissions caused by a gasoline vehicle and from charging an electric vehicle. The study compared the emissions caused by charging a Tesla Model 3 to drive 100 kilometers with the emissions coming from an average gasoline car driven the same distance. Countries where charging an electric vehicle is cleaner than driving a gasoline-powered car use a lot of hydroelectric, nuclear or solar power. Sales of electric cars are rising the fastest in Europe. Data from REG suggests that EVs in Poland and Kosovo actually create more carbon emissions because their electric systems depend so much on coal. In other European countries, however, EVs result in reduced emissions. The carbon gas reduction depends on what energy supplies electricity systems and the time of day vehicles are charged. The countries with the biggest carbon gas savings from EVs use a lot of nuclear and hydroelectric power. An EV driver in Germany reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 55 percent over a gasoline car. Germany uses a mix of renewable energy and coal to produce electricity. Germany and Spain create a lot of electricity from the sun and wind. But the sun and wind do not add to a country's electricity system equally throughout the day. For this reason, the amount of carbon emissions saved by driving an EV depends on the time of day it is being charged. Charging in the afternoon, when there is more sun and wind, saves 16 to 18 percent more carbon than at night when electricity systems are more likely to be using gas or coal. Automakers including General Motors, Stellantis and Volkswagen have set targets to sell mainly electric vehicles in Europe in the coming years. U.S. car manufacturer General Motors said it will have all new electric cars by 2022. 29．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A．The amount of carbon emissions saved by EVs depends on the source of electricity used for charging. B．Charging EVs during daylight hours with renewable energy sources can cause more carbon savings. C．The time of day when EVs are charged can significantly affect their carbon footprint. D．General Motors plans to sell only gasoline-powered cars by 2022 in the United States. 30．What can be inferred from the fact that car manufacturers like General Motors, Stellantis, and Volkswagen have set targets to sell mainly electric vehicles in Europe? A．The demand for EVs in Europe is expected to decrease in the near future. B．These manufacturers believe that EVs will become the norm in Europe in the coming years. C．Europe has banned the sale of gasoline-powered cars entirely. D．These manufacturers are not confident in the long-term viability of EVs. 31．Based on the information in the passage, which of the following is a potential challenge for the widespread adoption of EVs? A．The limited range of EVs compared to gasoline-powered cars. B．The high initial cost of EVs compared to traditional vehicles. C．The inconsistency of renewable energy sources for EV charging. D．The lack of charging stations in rural areas. 32．Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage? A．The Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging. B．The Global Shift to Electric Vehicle Adoption. C．The Economics of Electric Vehicle Ownership. D．The Future of Renewable Energy in Automobiles. 外刊精选答案 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.conviction英 [kənˈvɪkʃn] 美 [kənˈvɪkʃn]n. 定罪 2.convict v. 定罪，宣判有罪 3.undercut英 [ˌʌndəˈkʌt] 美 [ˌʌndərˈkʌt]v. 比对手要价更低来抢生意；削弱 4.narrative英 [ˈnærətɪv] 美 [ˈnerətɪv]n. 叙事；通过刻意编排、达到某种目的的讲述 5.pitch英 [pɪtʃ] 美 [pɪtʃ]n. 球场，投球；推销，努力争取；路演 6.felon英 [ˈfelən] 美 [ˈfelən]n. 重罪犯 7.felony n. 重罪 8.misdemeanor n. 轻罪 9.relish英 [ˈrelɪʃ] 美 [ˈrelɪʃ]vt. 享受 10.acquittal英 [əˈkwɪtl] 美 [əˈkwɪtl]n. 宣判无罪 11.acquit v. 宣判......无罪 12.quit v. 退出，脱身 13.rig英 [rɪɡ] 美 [rɪɡ]v. （通过不正当手段）操纵 14.verdict英 [ˈvɜːdɪkt] 美 [ˈvɜrːdɪkt]n. 判决，裁决 15.potential英 [pəˈtenʃl] 美 [poʊˈtenʃl]n. （做成某事的）可能、潜能 16.record英 [ˈrekɔːd] 美 [ˈrekərd]adj. 破纪录的 17.sum英 [sʌm] 美 [sʌm]n. 一笔钱 18.elicit英 [iˈlɪsɪt] 美 [iˈlɪsɪt]v. 诱出，引出 19.upside英 [ˈʌpsaɪd] 美 [ˈʌpsaɪd]n. 好处、有利的一面 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.be convicted of robbery/arson 被判抢劫/纵火罪 2.undercut its competitors 要价比竞争对手更低 3.undercut the prices 削减价格 4.undercut one's authority 削弱某人的权威 5.cinematic narrative 电影叙事 6.literary narrative 文学叙事 7.fund-raising筹款 8.go overboard做得过头，过分激动 9.go after追捕，试图抓住；对……下手，公开批评攻击 10.relish the challenge 享受挑战 11.root for支持，声援 12.the talking points发言大纲，核心观点；核心理由，背后的原因 13.write oneself毫不费力…… 14.rig the market 操纵股市 15.in favor of A against B有利于一方，不利于另一方 16.be inconvenient to给……带来麻烦、困扰 【全文翻译】 亨特·拜登被判有罪，削弱了特朗普的话术和筹款努力 这一刻终于到来了。差不多五年前，共和党人开始调查亨特·拜登，终于在周二上午晚些时候，这位总统之子可以被称为“被定罪的重罪犯”了。 但唐纳德·J·特朗普和其他共和党人似乎并未因这个机会而欢欣鼓舞。 许多特朗普的盟友一直在暗中期待着无罪判决。理由再明白不过了：这本可以是又一力证，证明美国司法系统暗箱操作，偏袒拜登家族，阻挠特朗普家族。但星期二的有罪判决对这种说辞不利。 （特朗普竞选团队）原本有望筹到更多钱。 特朗普在曼哈顿被判34项重罪成立后，他的竞选团队在网上筹集到了创纪录的资金，特朗普的一些顾问也意识到，若拜登儿子被判无罪释放，比起他被判有罪，能助力特朗普筹到多得多的钱。 特朗普称，在攻击亨特·拜登时，尤其是攻击他的药物成瘾问题时，共和党人需要注意“不要做得太过分”，如果炮火太猛会诱发同情心，从而让大众将总统视为一位慈爱的父亲。 一位不愿透露姓名的特朗普盟友表示，“对我们来说，他（指亨特·拜登）明显有罪却被无罪释放，才是唯一有利的局面。” 拓展练习阅读理解 29．D 30．B 31．C 32．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了电动汽车被认为是对抗全球气候变暖的一个重要利器，但是科学研究发现电动汽车因为对电车进行充电的可再生能源的不一致性而并不能做到真正的环保。 29．细节理解题。最后一段提到“Automakers including General Motors, Stellantis and Volkswagen have set targets to sell mainly electric vehicles in Europe in the coming years. U.S. car manufacturer General Motors said it will have all new electric cars by 2022.”（美国汽车制造商通用汽车表示，到2022年，它将推出所有新的电动汽车。）通用汽车在2022年的时候会推出新的电动汽车，而不是只售卖汽油车，D项表述错误。故选D。 30．推理判断题。第四段第一句提到“Sales of electric cars are rising the fastest in Europe.”（电动汽车的销量在欧洲增长最快。）第五段第一句提到“In other European countries, however, EVs result in reduced emissions. ”（然而，在其他欧洲国家，电动汽车减少了排放。）第六段第一句提到“The countries with the biggest carbon gas savings from EVs use a lot of nuclear and hydroelectric power. ”（从电动汽车中节省碳气体最多的国家使用了大量的核能和水力发电。）在第六段和第七段中提到德国和西班牙利用太阳能和风能来发电。综合判断，许多汽车制造商选择欧洲作为电动汽车的主要销售场所是因为欧洲国家能够比较好地运用核能、太阳能和风能等对电车进行充电，这些欧洲国家的电动车又减少了碳排放，对于环境的影响也比较小，因此很多欧洲国家也会大力推行电车的使用，使用电车将会成为一些欧洲国家的常态。故选B。 31．推理判断题。第四段第二句提到“Data from REG suggests that EVs in Poland and Kosovo actually create more carbon emissions because their electric systems depend so much on coal.”（来自REG的数据表明，波兰和科索沃的电动汽车实际上产生了更多的碳排放，因为他们的电力系统严重依赖煤炭。）第六段第一句提到“The countries with the biggest carbon gas savings from EVs use a lot of nuclear and hydroelectric power.”（从电动汽车中节省碳气体最多的国家使用了大量的核能和水力发电。）第七段第一句提到“Germany and Spain create a lot of electricity from the sun and wind.”（德国和西班牙利用太阳能和风能发电。）由此判断，即使都是使用的电车，但是电力转换系统却不一致，有些国家甚至使用煤炭进行电力转换，从而导致了更严重的碳排放，而使用核能、太阳能、风能等电力转换的国家相对碳排放会较少，因此电动汽车能被广泛使用的一个潜在的挑战就是进行充电的可再生能源的不一致性。故选C。 32．主旨大意题。第一段提到“Electric vehicles (EVs) are a strong weapon in the world's efforts against global warming. But the effects of EVs depend on what country you are in. In some nations, electric vehicles lead to the release of more carbon gasses than gasoline cars, new research shows.”（电动汽车(ev)是全球对抗全球变暖的有力武器。但电动汽车的影响取决于你在哪个国家。一项新的研究表明，在一些国家，电动汽车比汽油汽车排放更多的碳气体。）综合后文提到波兰、科索沃的电动汽车因使用煤炭转换成电力而产生更多碳排放以及德国、西班牙使用更清洁的能源进行充电等的对比，都说明了电车充电对于环境的影响。A项“The Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging.”（电动车充电对环境的影响。）A项符合文意。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$