2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习培优外刊阅读学案：大男子主义盛行的墨西哥

高三英语培优外刊阅读 班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________ 外刊精选｜200年来头一回！大男子主义盛行的墨西哥，选出首位女总统 当地时间6月3日凌晨，墨西哥总统大选尘埃落定，即将年满62岁的克劳迪娅·辛鲍姆 （Claudia Sheinbaum）以压倒性优势赢得选举，将成为该国自1824年成立联邦共和国以来的首位女总统。辛鲍姆成功当选对于墨西哥和她本人有着怎样的意义？墨西哥民众希望她给国家带来怎样的改变？ Mexico's first female president breaks political glass ceiling By Will Grant From the moment former Mayor of Mexico City Claudia Sheinbaum threw her hat in the ring for the presidency, the result was rarely in doubt. Throughout the long and often gruelling campaign, as she criss-crossed the nation on commercial flights, her double-digit lead in the polls would have reassured her that she was on track to make history. She has now done so, becoming Mexico's first woman president by a huge margin. It is a watershed moment both for Mexico and her personally. Given the country's deeply ingrained patriarchy and entrenched machismo, that is no small feat. She speaks fluent English, having completed her doctoral thesis in California. Before entering politics, she was an accomplished environmental scientist who served on the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Accordingly, she is likely to be more comfortable on the world stage than her predecessor, whose success partly stems from his direct connection with ordinary people. Still, however their relationship evolves once he leaves office, most people want to see a marked improvement from Ms Sheinbaum in one key arena: security. Ms Sheinbaum says she hopes to reduce the murder rate from 23.3 homicides for every 100,000 residents to about 19.4 per 100,000 by 2027. That would put Mexico on par with Brazil. To bring drug cartel violence under control, she must succeed where the men who went before her have failed. 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.glass ceiling英 [ˌɡlɑːs ˈsiːlɪŋ] 美 [ˌɡlæs ˈsiːlɪŋ]n. _______________________________ 2.ring n. （比赛的）竞技场 3.gruelling英 [ˈɡruːlɪŋ] 美 [ˈɡruːlɪŋ]adj. _____________________________ 4.criss-cross英 [ˈkrɪskrɒs] 美 [ˈkrɪskrɑːs]v. _____________________________ 5.margin英 [ˈmɑːdʒɪn] 美 [ˈmɑːrdʒɪn]n. _____________________________ 6.given英 [ˈɡɪvn] 美 [ˈɡɪvn]prep. _____________________________ 7.ingrained英 [ɪnˈɡreɪnd] 美 [ɪnˈɡreɪnd]adj_____________________________ 8.patriarchy英 [ˈpeɪtriɑːki] 美 [ˈpeɪtriɑːrki]n. _____________________________ 9.entrenched英 [ɪnˈtrentʃt] 美 [ɪnˈtrentʃt]adj._____________________________ 10.machismo英 [məˈtʃɪzməʊ] 美 [məˈtʃiːzmoʊ]n. _____________________________ 11.feat英 [fiːt] 美 [fiːt]n. _____________________________ 12.accomplished英 [əˈkʌmplɪʃt] 美 [əˈkɑːmplɪʃt]adj. _____________________________ 13.serve英 [sɜːv] 美 [sɜrːv]v. _____________________________ 14.watershed n. _____________________________ 15.accordingly英 [əˈkɔːdɪŋli] 美 [əˈkɔːrdɪŋli]adv. _____________________________ 16.stem n. _____________________________ 17.ordinary adj. _____________________________ 18.evolve英 [ɪˈvɒlv] 美 [ɪˈvɑːlv]v. _____________________________ 19.marked英 [mɑːkt] 美 [mɑːrkt]adj. _____________________________ 20.mark n. _____________________________ 21.arena英 [əˈriːnə] 美 [əˈriːnə]n. _____________________________ 22.homicide英 [ˈhɒmɪsaɪd] 美 [ˈhɑːməsaɪd]n. _____________________________ 23.cartel英 [kɑːˈtel] 美 [kɑːrˈtel]n._____________________________ 24.trust 特拉斯 25.syndicate 辛迪加 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1._____________________________ （少数女性）突破天花板 2._____________________________玻璃悬崖 3._____________________________决定加入竞赛并渴望胜利 4_____________________________拳击台 5._____________________________不确定 6._____________________________商业航班 7._____________________________ 私人飞机 8._____________________________在正轨上，有望成功 9._____________________________分水岭时刻，（人生重要的）转折点、分界线 10._____________________________积重难改的偏见 11._____________________________博士论文 12._____________________________才华横溢的钢琴家/画家 13._____________________________ 在部队服役 14._____________________________在委员会任职 15_____________________________在总统麾下任职 16._____________________________来源于……，由……造成 17._____________________________普通大众 18._____________________________卸任，离职 19._____________________________明显的对比 20._____________________________奥运会场地 21._____________________________ 《王者荣耀》（勇者的赛场） 22._____________________________ 政坛，政治舞台 23._____________________________弑父 24_____________________________和……媲美，达到同一水平，并驾其驱 拓展练习阅读理解 In my early teens, I was once given a film camera as a gift . On receiving it, I jumped on my bike, headed to Wimbledon Common and took photos, just for me: photos of trees and wildlife. I was out all day. On my way home I spotted a tree lit up by street lighting and tried to capture its beauty. Rushing home, I put the spent film in a special little envelope and sent it off to a photography store, desperate to see how it would come out. I took many photos then and loved the fact that when you processed your film you got back colour photos which froze the precious moments, gently encouraging the hobby and the payments for processing. As I grew into adulthood, that simple, deep happiness gradually faded away. One weekend when I was busy answering the work calls, my eyes caught a box in the corner of the room. I suddenly felt a sense of sadness. The stress growing over these years had pushed the camera from beside my pillow to the box in the corner. I thought I needed a change. I took out the camera and dusted it down. It was a great joy that it still worked. I bought new film and took the camera everywhere I went. Now it is always on hand to accompany me on journeys, to allow me time to myself. Even if the day is full and busy, I can seize some moments for myself to take photos, to observe the world around me. The wall of my room now holds all my camera equipment on display, along with photos I've taken. To me, the room represents how I’ve found happiness: by reconnecting to the younger part of myself I laid aside, by allowing room in my life for pleasure to exist, and by creating an environment that allows opportunities for delight. 1．What did the author think of taking photos as a young boy? A．Inspiring and practical. B．Tiring yet delightful. C．Exciting and worthwhile. D．Difficult yet engaging. 2．Why did the author stop taking photos according to paragraph 2? A．He wanted to focus on his work. B．He was struck by sudden sorrow. C．He attempted to behave like an adult. D．He was faced with increasing pressure. 3．What did the author get from picking up his hobby? A．More fun in the daily routine. B．New journeys in the wild. C．Better skills of observation. D．Different styles of photography. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Revisiting Lost Childhood Memories B．Appreciating Beauty Behind the Lens C．Escaping Teenage Sadness with Camera D．Regaining Pleasure Through Photography 外刊精选答案 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.glass ceiling英 [ˌɡlɑːs ˈsiːlɪŋ] 美 [ˌɡlæs ˈsiːlɪŋ]n. 玻璃天花板 2.ring n. （比赛的）竞技场 3.gruelling英 [ˈɡruːlɪŋ] 美 [ˈɡruːlɪŋ]adj. 极度让人疲惫的、艰难的，需要巨大的努力和决心的 4.criss-cross英 [ˈkrɪskrɒs] 美 [ˈkrɪskrɑːs]v. 穿梭运动 5.margin英 [ˈmɑːdʒɪn] 美 [ˈmɑːrdʒɪn]n. 边缘；差距 6.given英 [ˈɡɪvn] 美 [ˈɡɪvn]prep. 鉴于，考虑到 7.ingrained英 [ɪnˈɡreɪnd] 美 [ɪnˈɡreɪnd]adj. 根深蒂固的 8.patriarchy英 [ˈpeɪtriɑːki] 美 [ˈpeɪtriɑːrki]n. 父权制，以男性为权威的社会体系 9.entrenched英 [ɪnˈtrentʃt] 美 [ɪnˈtrentʃt]adj. 根深蒂固的 10.machismo英 [məˈtʃɪzməʊ] 美 [məˈtʃiːzmoʊ]n. 大男子主义 11.feat英 [fiːt] 美 [fiːt]n. （值得称赞的）功绩 12.accomplished英 [əˈkʌmplɪʃt] 美 [əˈkɑːmplɪʃt]adj. 有造诣的，有成就的 13.serve英 [sɜːv] 美 [sɜrːv]v. 任职，为……工作 14.watershed n. 山脊隆起、河流向两边分流的地貌 15.accordingly英 [əˈkɔːdɪŋli] 美 [əˈkɔːrdɪŋli]adv. 因此 16.stem n. 主干，植物茎杆；根源 17.ordinary adj. 平凡的，普通的；草根的 18.evolve英 [ɪˈvɒlv] 美 [ɪˈvɑːlv]v. 进化；逐渐演变，逐步变化 19.marked英 [mɑːkt] 美 [mɑːrkt]adj. 显著的，明显的 20.mark n. 记号 21.arena英 [əˈriːnə] 美 [əˈriːnə]n. 竞技场，运动场；某一领域 22.homicide英 [ˈhɒmɪsaɪd] 美 [ˈhɑːməsaɪd]n. 谋杀 23.cartel英 [kɑːˈtel] 美 [kɑːrˈtel]n. 垄断集团 24.trust 特拉斯 25.syndicate 辛迪加 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.break the glass ceiling （少数女性）突破天花板 2.glass cliff 玻璃悬崖 3.throw one's hat in the ring决定加入竞赛并渴望胜利 4.boxing ring 拳击台 5.in doubt不确定 6.commercial flight商业航班 7.private flight 私人飞机 8.on track在正轨上，有望成功 9.a watershed moment分水岭时刻，（人生重要的）转折点、分界线 10.ingrained/entrenched prejudices 积重难改的偏见 11.doctoral thesis博士论文 12.an accomplished pianist/painter 才华横溢的钢琴家/画家 13.serve in the army 在部队服役 14.serve on the committee 在委员会任职 15.serve under the president 在总统麾下任职 16.stem from …来源于……，由……造成 17.ordinary people普通大众 18.leave office卸任，离职 19.a marked contrast 明显的对比 20.the Olympic arena 奥运会场地 21.Arena of Valor 《王者荣耀》（勇者的赛场） 22.the political arena 政坛，政治舞台 23.patricide 弑父 24.on (a) par with …和……媲美，达到同一水平，并驾其驱 【全文翻译】 墨西哥首位女总统，打破政坛的“玻璃天花板” 从墨西哥城前市长克劳迪娅·辛鲍姆（Claudia Sheinbaum）提出竞选总统那一刻起，选举结果就几乎毫无悬念。 在漫长又通常非常艰辛的竞选过程中，辛鲍姆搭乘商用航班在全国各地奔走。民调中两位数的领先优势应该会让她感到安心，确信自己有望创造历史。 现在，她成功做到了，以巨大优势当选墨西哥首位女总统。对于墨西哥和她本人而言，这都具有分水岭意义。考虑到墨西哥长期存在的父权制和根深蒂固的大男子主义，这可不是一个小成绩。 辛鲍姆在加州完成了博士学业，能说一口流利的英语。在从政之前，她是一位杰出的环境科学家，曾在联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）任职。 因此，辛鲍姆在世界舞台上会比前总统更加得心应手，后者一定程度上是靠与普通民众直接联系而取得成功。尽管如此，无论前总统卸任后二人关系会如何变化，大多数民众都希望看到辛鲍姆能够在“安全”这个重要领域带来明显的改善。 辛鲍姆表示，她希望，到2027年能够将谋杀率从每10万人23.3起凶杀案降低到19.4起左右。这样，墨西哥的谋杀率就能降到和巴西差不多。 要控制住贩毒集团的暴力活动，她必须在前人失败的地方取得成功才行。 拓展练习阅读理解 1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候很喜欢拍照，后来作者的压力越来越大，这使得他放弃了拍照，偶然间作者看到了角落里的照相机，作者重新开始拍照，在繁忙的日程中获得了乐趣。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“I took many photos then and loved the fact that when you processed your film you got back colour photos which froze the precious moments, gently encouraging the hobby and the payments for processing. (那时我拍了很多照片，当你冲洗你的胶卷时，你会得到彩色照片，这一事实让我很高兴，它冻结了那些珍贵的时刻，温柔地鼓励了我的爱好和为冲洗而支付的费用。)”可推断，对于作者小时候拍照这件事，作者觉得这是令人兴奋且值得的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The stress growing over these years had pushed the camera from beside my pillow to the box in the corner. (这些年来不断增长的压力把相机从我的枕头旁推到了角落里的盒子里。)”可知，作者面临的压力越来越大，这使得作者停止了拍照。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Even if the day is full and busy, I can seize some moments for myself to take photos, to observe the world around me. (即使一天很满很忙，我也能抓住一些时间给自己拍照，观察周围的世界。)”和第四段中的“To me, the room represents how I’ve found happiness: by reconnecting to the younger part of myself I laid aside, by allowing room in my life for pleasure to exist, and by creating an environment that allows opportunities for delight. (对我来说，这个房间代表了我是如何找到幸福的：通过重新连接我搁置的年轻的自己，通过在我的生活中为快乐留出空间，通过创造一个允许快乐机会的环境。)”可知，作者通过重新开始拍照，在繁忙的日程中获得了乐趣。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“To me, the room represents how I’ve found happiness: by reconnecting to the younger part of myself I laid aside, by allowing room in my life for pleasure to exist, and by creating an environment that allows opportunities for delight. (对我来说，这个房间代表了我是如何找到幸福的：通过重新连接我搁置的年轻的自己，通过在我的生活中为快乐留出空间，通过创造一个允许快乐机会的环境。)”可知，文章讲述了作者小时候很喜欢拍照，后来作者的压力越来越大，这使得他放弃了拍照，偶然间作者看到了角落里的照相机，作者重新开始拍照，在繁忙的日程中获得了乐趣。所以D项“Regaining Pleasure Through Photography (通过摄影重新获得乐趣)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$