2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习培优外刊阅读学案：毕业生有多难

高三英语培优外刊阅读 班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________ 外刊精选｜2024届毕业生有多难：连这个专业都“过气”了？ 又是一年初夏，毕业季如期而至，又一批大学生即将离开校园、走向社会，一份理想的工作是所有毕业生的渴求。多年来，无论国内国外，计算机专业都被视为高薪工作的通行证，但如今，该专业即便是顶尖名校的毕业生，也在求职时四处碰壁。计算机专业真的“跌落神坛”了吗？该如何应对严峻的就业形势？ Computer-Science Majors Graduate Into a World of Fewer Opportunities By Katherine Bindley, Corrie Driebusch and Lindsay Ellis Computer science is hotter than ever at U.S. universities. But students graduating this month are discovering their degrees are no longer a surefire ticket to tech-industry riches. Tech giants that were expanding aggressively just a few years ago now have less need for entry-level hires—or are shedding jobs. At the same time, companies have a burgeoning supply of new grads to choose from. The number of students in the U.S. majoring in computer and information science has jumped 40% in five years, to more than 600,000 as of 2023. To be sure, comp-sci majors from top-tier schools can still get jobs. They are just not all going to Facebook or Google. Stephanie Johnson, a career-development lead with the computer-science department at the University of North Carolina, said her students on average were applying to 150 or more jobs. Many were still waiting for offers in the spring. Just a few years ago, they might apply for 20 or 40 positions—and get a final offer in the fall. Their new mentality is: If you get a job, even if you don’t like it, you need to take it because you don’t know if you’re going to get anything else. 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.major英 [ˈmeɪdʒə] 美 [ˈmeɪdʒər]n. _____________________________ 2.aggressively英 [əˈɡresɪvli] 美 [əˈɡresɪvli]adv. _____________________________ 3.hire n. _____________________________ 4.shed英 [ʃed] 美 [ʃed]v. _____________________________ 5.burgeoning英 [ˈbɜːdʒənɪŋ] 美 [ˈbɜrːdʒənɪŋ]adj. _____________________________ 6.major英 [ˈmeɪdʒə] 美 [ˈmeɪdʒər]v. _____________________________ 7.jump英 [dʒʌmp] 美 [dʒʌmp]v. _____________________________ 8.graduate v._____________________________ 9.top-tier英 [tɒp, tɪə] 美 [tɑːp, tɪr]adj. _____________________________ 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1._____________________________英语专业的学生 2._____________________________一名中文专业的学生 3._____________________________截至某个时间点 4._____________________________毕业后进入到一个……的世界 5._____________________________几乎可以确保成功、获得利润的投资或计划 6._____________________________准不会有错的，一定能成功的；（负面）必定的 7._____________________________包治百病的良药 8._____________________________ 以保万全的策略 9._____________________________大力推销新股 10._____________________________初级聘用 11._____________________________减肥（口语） 12._____________________________减肥（报章用语） 13._____________________________摆脱自己沉闷的形象（口语） 14._____________________________迅速增长的人口 15._____________________________诚然 16._____________________________顶级基金 17._____________________________ 顶尖的研究机构 18._____________________________已经锁定了的工作 拓展练习阅读理解 Playing with my 5-year-old child, I sometimes wonder: Why are her made-up games so terribly boring? In Learning to Imagine, psychologist Andrew Shtulman thinks it untrue that kids are uncontrolled wellsprings of imagination. On the contrary, the more we learn, the more imaginative we can become, and learning will not hold back imaginative ideas. Kids, he argues, fail to imagine obvious possibilities. To gather evidence for this argument, Shtulman explores mechanisms (机制) for expanding imagination. Without support of others or new tools and technologies, people may reject reasonable ideas out of hand, he maintains. Lord Kelvin, for instance, famously denied the possibility of “heavier-than-air flying machines” less than 10 years before the Wright brothers created one. Abstract principles, like those so influential in science and ethics (伦理学), also boost imagination. Finally, imagination grows through exploring alternative models of the world, as in plays, fiction and so on. Across all of these examples, expanding imagination requires building closely on what people already know. Perhaps counterintuitively (反直觉地), kids relate best to realistic stories. For instance, Walt Disney’s earliest cartoons were disorganized and strange. Only when the cartoons became “reasonably impossible” did they gain mass appeal. Many fictional worlds, from Middle Earth to Hogwarts, rely on reasonable impossibility. Shtulman cleverly and precisely sails this vast, attractive sea. Learning to Imagine never drags or makes me get stuck on professional words. I wish, however, that there had been more focus on what these findings mean. If education does not hinder imagination, how do we develop it? Shtulman advises us to “engage with, and learn from, the collective knowledge of other people”. AI programs like GPT take that approach, educating themselves on massive data sets. “Be like GPT” is not the most heartening message. But while humans cannot learn large amounts of data quickly and easily like AI, human imagination is shared and cooperative. That, at least, is something all of us—5-year-olds and their dads alike-have over the chatbots. 17．What’s the misunderstanding about imagination according to Shtulman? A．It’s an inborn ability. B．It helps broaden the mind. C．Children are full of it. D．Inventions are based on it. 18．What does expanding imagination depend on? A．Known information. B．Realistic principles. C．Gradual exploration. D．Supportable arguments. 19．What does the underlined word “hinder” mean in paragraph 4? A．Improve. B．Prevent. C．Stress. D．Dismiss. 20．What is the text? A．A research report. B．A personal diary. C．A children’s story. D．A book review. 外刊精选答案 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.major英 [ˈmeɪdʒə] 美 [ˈmeɪdʒər]n. 某专业的学生 2.aggressively英 [əˈɡresɪvli] 美 [əˈɡresɪvli]adv. 闯劲十足地，积极进取地 3.hire n. 新员工 4.shed英 [ʃed] 美 [ʃed]v. 去除（常用于报纸文章） 5.burgeoning英 [ˈbɜːdʒənɪŋ] 美 [ˈbɜrːdʒənɪŋ]adj. 迅速发展的，快速生长的 6.major英 [ˈmeɪdʒə] 美 [ˈmeɪdʒər]v. 以……为专业 7.jump英 [dʒʌmp] 美 [dʒʌmp]v. 突升，猛涨，激增 8.graduate v. 毕业 9.top-tier英 [tɒp, tɪə] 美 [tɑːp, tɪr]adj. 顶尖的，最好的，质量一流的 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.English majors 英语专业的学生 2.a Chinese major 一名中文专业的学生 3.as of截至某个时间点 4.graduate into a world of something毕业后进入到一个……的世界 5.surefire ticket几乎可以确保成功、获得利润的投资或计划 6.surefire adj. 准不会有错的，一定能成功的；（负面）必定的 7.surefire cures 包治百病的良药 8.surefire strategies 以保万全的策略 9.aggressively pitch the offering 大力推销新股 10.entry-level hire初级聘用 11.to lose weight 减肥（口语） 12.to shed unwanted pounds 减肥（报章用语） 13.to get rid of their stuffy images 摆脱自己沉闷的形象（口语） 14.a burgeoning population 迅速增长的人口 15.to be sure诚然 16.top-tier funds 顶级基金 17.top-tier research institutes 顶尖的研究机构 18.final offer已经锁定了的工作 【全文翻译】 计算机科学专业的学生，毕业时发现工作机会变少了 在美国大学里，计算机科学专业比以往任何时候都热门。但本月毕业的学生们却发现，他们的学位不再能保证自己可以万无一失地通往高薪科技行业。 几年前还在疯狂扩张的科技巨头们，现在对初级员工的需求减少了，甚至还在裁员。与此同时，这些公司却有着越来越多、大把大把的应届毕业生可供挑选。五年内，美国主修计算机和信息科学的学生人数激增了40%，在2023年达到了60万人之多。 可以肯定的是，那些来自顶尖名校的计算机专业的学生，他们还是找得到工作的。只是不是每个人都能去到Facebook或谷歌这样的大厂上班。 斯蒂芬妮·约翰逊（Stephanie Johnson）是北卡罗来纳大学（University of North Carolina）计算机科学系的职业发展负责人，她表示，学生们平均每个人投递了150多个工作岗位，但许多人到了春天（指临近毕业）还在苦等录取通知。 就在几年前，学生们可能只需要投递20-40个岗位，就能在秋季拿到最终的工作录取通知。如今，他们的心态变成了：要是能有份工作，就算不喜欢也要先接下，因为不知道是否还能找到其他工作。 拓展练习阅读理解 17．C 18．A 19．B 20．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Andrew Shtulman在《学会想象》一书中关于想象力的观点和建议。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段“In Learning to Imagine, psychologist Andrew Shtulman thinks it untrue that kids are uncontrolled wellsprings of imagination. On the contrary, the more we learn, the more imaginative we can become, and learning will not hold back imaginative ideas.(在《学会想象》一书中，心理学家安德鲁·什图尔曼认为孩子是想象力的不受控制的源泉是不正确的。相反，我们学得越多，我们就越有想象力，而学习不会阻碍我们的想象力)”可知，在Shtulman看来，关于想象力的误解是孩子们满脑子都是。故选C。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段“Finally, imagination grows through exploring alternative models of the world, as in plays, fiction and so on. Across all of these examples, expanding imagination requires building closely on what people already know.(最后，想象力通过探索世界的不同模式而增长，如在戏剧、小说等中。在所有这些例子中，扩展想象力需要紧密地建立在人们已经知道的基础上)”可知，扩展想象力依赖于已知信息。故选A。 19．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“imagination, how do we develop it?”以及“Shtulman advises us to “engage with, and learn from, the collective knowledge of other people”. AI programs like GPT take that approach, educating themselves on massive data sets.(Shtulman建议我们“参与并从他人的集体知识中学习”。像GPT这样的人工智能程序采用这种方法，在海量数据集上进行自我教育)”可知，后文提到Shtulman建议人们进行自我教育来开发想象力，可知划线词所在句的意思是假设在教育不会阻止想象力的情况下，我们如何发展想象力。故划线词意思是“阻止”。故选B。 20．推理判断题。根据第一段“In Learning to Imagine, psychologist Andrew Shtulman thinks it untrue that kids are uncontrolled wellsprings of imagination. On the contrary, the more we learn, the more imaginative we can become, and learning will not hold back imaginative ideas.(在《学会想象》一书中，心理学家安德鲁·什图尔曼认为孩子是想象力的不受控制的源泉是不正确的。相反，我们学得越多，我们就越有想象力，而学习不会阻碍我们的想象力)”结合文章主要介绍了Andrew Shtulman在《学会想象》一书中关于想象力的观点和建议。可知，文章是一篇书评。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$