2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习培优外刊阅读学案：地表最强AI芯片

高三英语培优外刊阅读 班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________ 外刊精选｜地表最强AI芯片横空出世，华裔CEO难忘30年创业艰辛 最近一段时间，“皮衣教主”黄仁勋（Jensen Huang）火出了圈。上周，在英伟达一年一度的技术发布大会上，创始人兼CEO黄仁勋身穿经典黑色皮衣登台亮相，推出新款旗舰人工智能芯片Blackwell B200。B200芯片采用了最先进的半导体工艺，集成了数以亿计的晶体管，性能超过上一代爆款产品H100芯片，提供了前所未有的计算能力。近两年，因为AI芯片供不应求，英伟达成为硅谷的“当红炸子鸡”，黄仁勋也成为科技圈的“全民偶像”。自英伟达创立30多年来，黄仁勋最重要的收获是什么？他又有哪些真实的感受？ He Built a Trillion-Dollar Company. He Wouldn't Do It Again. By Ben Cohen When he sat down in a booth at his local Denny's and began plotting out the business that would change his life, Jensen Huang didn't know that his startup would one day be worth $1 trillion. Nvidia was the stock market's big winner of 2023, when the chip maker cracked $1 trillion in value. That would have seemed impossible 30 years ago, and it wasn't especially probable just one year ago, before the AI boom made Nvidia worth more than Netflix, Nike and Novo Nordisk combined. Along the way he learned an important, counterintuitive lesson. Everyone in Silicon Valley knows they have to be resilient. Huang knows it also helps to be ignorant. He said, "They don't know how hard it is. And they only ask themselves: How hard can it be? To this day, I trick my brain into thinking: How hard can it be?" Really hard, as it turns out. He didn't know that the original business plan had no chance of success. He didn't know how many times he would fail. And he didn't know just how much he didn't know. Nvidia's central role in the AI economy is the reason it has tripled in value and beat every other company in the S&P 500 this year. It's on pace for the best annual performance of any major stock in the past decade. Even at the height of his company's success, Huang remains haunted by the prospect of failure. According to the New Yorker, Nvidia's unofficial motto is his mantra from the startup's early, uncertain years: "Our company is 30 days from going out of business." 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.trillion-dollar_________________________________ 2.booth英 [buːð] 美 [buːθ] n. 隔_________________________________ 3.plot out_________________________________ 4.startup英 [ˈstɑːtʌp] 美 [ˈstɑːrtʌp] n. _________________________________ 5.crack英 [kræk] 美 [kræk] v. _________________________________ 6.boom英 [buːm] 美 [buːm] n._________________________________ 7.counterintuitive英 [ˌkaʊntərɪnˈtʃuːɪtɪv] 美 [ˌkaʊnttərɪnˈtuːitɪv] adj. _______________ 8.resilient英 [rɪˈzɪljənt] 美 [rɪˈzɪljənt] adj. _________________________________ 9.ignorant英 [ˈɪɡnərənt] 美 [ˈɪɡnərənt] adj. _________________________________ 10.trick v. _________________________________ 11.haunt v. _________________________________ 12.motto英 [ˈmɒtəʊ] 美 [ˈmɑːtoʊ] n. _________________________________ 13.mantra英 [ˈmæntrə] 美 [ˈmæntrə] n. _________________________________ 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1._________________________________破产，倒闭 2._________________________________ 一家五星级酒店 3._________________________________一位知名歌手 4._________________________________看着不靠谱（但之后再看其实是靠谱的） 5._________________________________自己骗自己，自己说服自己 6._________________________________结果是……，证明是…… 7._________________________________ 无知 8_________________________________关键角色 9_________________________________有望达到……，正朝着某个方向稳步前进 10._________________________________在..……的顶峰时期，全盛时期 11._________________________________…被……情绪、担忧所困扰 拓展练习阅读理解 As AI develops, it becomes challenging to distinguish between its content and human-created work. Before comparing both, it’s good to know about the Perplexity & Burstiness of a text. Perplexity is a measurement used to evaluate the performance of language models in predicting the next word in a group of words. It measures how well the model can estimate the probability of a word occurring based on the previous context. A lower perplexity score indicates better predictability and understanding of the language, while a higher perplexity score suggests a higher degree of uncertainty and less accurate predictions. The human mind is so complex compared to current AI models that human-written text has high perplexity compared to AI-generated text. Examples: High Perplexity: “The teapot sang an opera of hot, wheeling tea, every steamy note a symphony of flavor.” Low Perplexity: “I pouted hot water into the teapot, and a fresh smell filled the room.” Burstiness refers to the variation in the length and structure of sentences within a piece of content. It measures the degree of diversity and unpredictability in the arrangement of sentences. Human writing often exhibits bursts and lulls (间歇), with a mix of long and short sentences, while AI-generateo content tends to have a more uniform and regular pattern. Higher burstiness indicates greater creativity, spontaneity (自发性), and engagement in writing, while lower burstiness reflects a more robotic and monotonous (单调的) style. Just like the perplexity score, human-written content usually has a high burstiness score. Examples: High Burstiness: “The alarm screamed. Feet hit the floor. The tea kettle whistled. Steam streamed. Heart pounded. The world, awake.” Low Burstiness: “In the peaceful morning, the alarm clock’s soft ring greeted a new day. I walked to the kitchen, my steps light and unhurried. The tea kettle whistled its gentle song, a comforting tune that harmonized with the steam’s soft whisper.” Here, I wrote a passage on the “Importance of lifelong learning” myself and also asked ChatGPT to do the same to compare better AI-generated and human-written text. 17．What do Perplexity & Burstiness probably serve as? A．Complexities of a language. B．Criteria on features of a text. C．Phenomena of language varieties. D．Referenees in generating a text. 18．What are the characteristics of an AI-generated text? A．Low perplexity and low burstiness. B．High perplexity and-low burstiness. C．Low perplexity and high burstiness. D．High perplexity and high burstiness. 19．Which of the writing ways below does the author skip when developing the article? A．Quoting sayings. B．Showing examples. C．Giving definitions. D．Making comparisons. 20．What will be probably talked about next? A．Some essays from ChatGPT. B．An illustration for differences. C．An example of the writer’s own. D．Analyses of lifelong learning. 外刊精选答案 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.trillion-dollar万亿美元的 2.booth英 [buːð] 美 [buːθ] n. 隔间，小亭子；（餐厅的）半封闭座位区；（会展中的）展位 3.plot out（详细地）制定计划 4.startup英 [ˈstɑːtʌp] 美 [ˈstɑːrtʌp] n. 初创公司，处于创业早期阶段的公司 5.crack英 [kræk] 美 [kræk] v. 破裂，砸碎；（本文）突破，超过（go beyond） 6.boom英 [buːm] 美 [buːm] n. 繁荣，激增；（一个行业、领域的）爆发式增长 7.counterintuitive英 [ˌkaʊntərɪnˈtʃuːɪtɪv] 美 [ˌkaʊnttərɪnˈtuːitɪv] adj. 违反直觉的 8.resilient英 [rɪˈzɪljənt] 美 [rɪˈzɪljənt] adj. 坚韧的（tough） 9.ignorant英 [ˈɪɡnərənt] 美 [ˈɪɡnərənt] adj. 无知的，愚昧的 10.trick v. 欺骗 11.haunt v. 出没，萦绕 12.motto英 [ˈmɒtəʊ] 美 [ˈmɑːtoʊ] n. 座右铭，箴言；校训 13.mantra英 [ˈmæntrə] 美 [ˈmæntrə] n. 祷告文，咒语；经常重复的某种口号，口头禅 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.go out of business破产，倒闭 2.a five-star hotel 一家五星级酒店 3.a well-known singer 一位知名歌手 4.would have seemed impossible看着不靠谱（但之后再看其实是靠谱的） 5.trick my brain into thinking something自己骗自己，自己说服自己 6.turn out (to be)结果是……，证明是…… 7.ignorance n. 无知 8.central role关键角色 9.It's on pace for有望达到……，正朝着某个方向稳步前进 10.at the height of在..……的顶峰时期，全盛时期 11.be haunted by …被……情绪、担忧所困扰 【全文翻译】 他创建了一家万亿美元市值的公司，却说若时光倒流不会选择创业。 当黄仁勋坐在家乡丹尼餐厅（Denny’s）的卡座里，开始规划那个将改变他人生的商业蓝图时，他根本想不到，自己的初创公司有朝一日市值会高达1万亿美元。 2023年，芯片制造商英伟达（Nvidia）的市值突破了1万亿美元，成为股市中的大赢家。30年前，这一切看似不可能实现，甚至在一年前，即人工智能大爆发之前，可能性都不是很大。而如今在人工智能热潮的助推下，英伟达的市值已超过奈飞（Netflix)、耐克（Nike）和诺和诺德（Novo Nordisk）三家公司的市值总和。 一路走来，他学到了一条违反直觉的重要经验。在硅谷，每个人都知道他们必须坚韧不拔，而黄仁勋领悟到，无知有时反而也有帮助。他说：“他们（指那些成功的创业者）不知道这有多难。他们只会问自己：能有多难呢？时至今日，我还在欺骗自己这样去想：这能有多难呢？” 然而事实证明，创业真的很难。当时，他不知道最初的商业计划根本不可能成功，他也不知道自己会失败多少次、有多少东西自己根本不了解。 英伟达在人工智能经济中占据核心地位，这也是为什么该公司在今年市值能翻三倍，并且跑赢标普500指数中所有其他公司。英伟达的股票有望成为近十年来年度表现最好的大公司股票。 即使公司站上了成功巅峰，黄仁勋仍然担心可能出现的失败。据《纽约客》报道，英伟达非官方的座右铭就是他在创业初期、充满各种不确定时的口头禅：“我们公司离倒闭只有30天。” 拓展练习阅读理解 17．B 18．A 19．A 20．C 【导语】本文是说明文。主要详细解释了“Perplexity”和“Burstiness”这两个概念，并通过示例展示了它们在人类书写和AI生成文本中的差异。 17．推理判断题。根据第二段“Perplexity is a measurement used to evaluate the performance of language models in predicting the next word in a group of words. It measures how well the model can estimate the probability of a word occurring based on the previous context.(困惑度是一种用来评估语言模型在预测一组单词中的下一个单词时的性能的测量方法。它衡量模型根据之前的上下文估计单词出现概率的能力)”以及第五段“Burstiness refers to the variation in the length and structure of sentences within a piece of content. It measures the degree of diversity and unpredictability in the arrangement of sentences.(突发性是指在一篇文章中句子长度和结构的变化。它衡量句子排列的多样性和不可预测性的程度)”可知，Perplexity和Burstiness是可以用来评估文本特征的标准。故选B项。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段“The human mind is so complex compared to current AI models that human-written text has high perplexity compared to AI-generated text.(与目前的人工智能模型相比，人类的思维是如此复杂，以至于与人工智能生成的文本相比，人类编写的文本具有很高的困惑度)”以及第五段“Human writing often exhibits bursts and lulls (间歇), with a mix of long and short sentences, while AI-generateo content tends to have a more uniform and regular pattern. Higher burstiness indicates greater creativity, spontaneity (自发性), and engagement in writing, while lower burstiness reflects a more robotic and monotonous (单调的) style. Just like the perplexity score, human-written content usually has a high burstiness score.(人类写作通常会出现停顿和停顿，有长句子也有短句，而人工智能生成的内容往往有更统一和规则的模式。较高的抑止度表明写作更有创造力、自发性和参与性，而较低的抑止度则反映出更机械和单调的风格。就像困惑分数一样，人类编写的内容通常具有很高的突发性分数)”可知，人工智能生成文本的特征是低困惑性和低突发性。故选A项。 19．推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者分别给Perplexity和Burstiness下定义，并把人类的写作特征和人工智能的写作特征进行比较，并举例说明，所以本文没有用到引用名人名言。故选A项。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Here, I wrote a passage on the “Importance of lifelong learning” myself and also asked ChatGPT to do the same to compare better AI-generated and human-written text.(在这里，我自己写了一篇关于“终身学习的重要性”的文章，并要求ChatGPT做同样的事情来比较更好的人工智能生成和人类编写的文本)”可知，接下来作者会讲述自己写作的一个例子。故选C项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$