2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习培优外刊阅读学案：大英博物馆爆失窃丑闻

高三英语培优外刊阅读 班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________ 外刊精选｜大英博物馆爆失窃丑闻：馆长引咎辞职，多国追讨文物 本月中旬，英国知名的大英博物馆爆出藏品失窃消息：馆内一批黄金、宝石等文物不翼而飞，一名涉事员工被开除。连日来，这则丑闻持续发酵，媒体爆料该馆实则有大量文物被盗，一些珍宝早就被挂在电商网站上贱卖。8月25日，馆长宣布引咎辞职。目前，该馆已有约2000件藏品失踪。英国国内舆论对此如何评价？此事在国际上引发了怎样的连锁反应？ British Museum Director Resigns After Worker Fired for Theft By Alex Marshall Just days after the British Museum announced that it had fired an employee who was suspected of looting its storerooms and selling items on eBay, the museum's director announced Friday that he was resigning, effective immediately. Hartwig Fischer, a German art historian who had led the world renowned institution since 2016, said in a news release that he was leaving the post at a time "of the utmost seriousness." On Wednesday, The Times of London wrote that the thefts were "a national disgrace, calling into question the museum's own claims for its stewardship of cultural treasures, and for which it needs to give a full accounting." The unfolding drama was also watched closely in countries that seek the return of pieces in the British Museum's vast collection, which includes more than eight million items, many from Britain's former colonies. Lawmakers in Greece and Nigeria used the thefts as an opportunity to call for the return of contested artifacts. The resignation was "an act of symbolic bloodletting," Mr. Saumarez Smith said, but it may not end the British Museum's woes. There are clearly "bigger issues that need to be resolved" at the institution, he added, including the questions about whether it has a handle on its inventory. 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.resign英 [rɪˈzaɪn] 美 [rɪˈzaɪn] v. _________________________________ 2.quit v. _________________________________ 3.loot英 [luːt] 美 [luːt] v. _________________________________ 4.renowned英 [rɪˈnaʊnd] 美 [rɪˈnaʊnd] adj. _________________________________ 5.utmost英 [ˈʌtməʊst] 美 [ˈʌtmoʊst] adj. _________________________________ 6.stewardship英 [ˈstjuːədʃɪp] 美 [ˈstuːərdʃɪp] n. _________________________________ 7.steward n. _________________________________ 8.stewardess n. _________________________________ 9.unfold英 [ʌnˈfəʊld] 美 [ʌnˈfoʊld] v._________________________________ 10.vast英 [vɑːst] 美 [væst] adj. _________________________________ 11.artifact英 [ˈɑːtɪfækt] 美 [ˈɑːrtɪfækt] n. _________________________________ 12.woe英 [wəʊ] 美 [woʊ] n. _________________________________ 13.issue英 [ˈɪʃuː] 美 [ˈɪʃuː] n. _________________________________ 14.inventory英 [ˈɪnvəntəri] 美 [ˈɪnvəntɔːri] n. _________________________________ 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1._________________________________辞职 2._________________________________辞职 3._________________________________被怀疑犯有某种罪行或不良行为；有......嫌疑 4._________________________________有跟某件事情牵连的嫌疑 5._________________________________立刻生效 6._________________________________《泰晤士报》 7._________________________________引起对某事的质疑，使某事受到怀疑 8._________________________________声称所拥有的某物 9._________________________________给出对某事的充分、详细、完全的说明 10._________________________________对某事的解释说明 11._________________________________大量的收集、收藏 12._________________________________对某事有掌握；对某事有一定的理解（并能够处理） 拓展练习阅读理解 There is increasing evidence suggesting that ultra-processed food addiction is indeed a significant issue. These foods, which are carefully manufactured in industrial factories rather than in the familiar setting of grandma’s kitchen, are filled with altered ingredients that are artfully combined to enhance fat, sugar, and salt levels. Moreover, they contain a lots of flavor and sensory enhancers, which render them irresistibly appealing. Examples of ultra-processed foods range from packaged snacks to fast food and mass-produced desserts. In fact, they account for nearly 60 percent of the calories consumed in the United States. Studies have revealed that up to 20 percent of adults and 15 percent of kids and adolescents might exhibit signs of addiction to these foods, a phenomenon that has been recognized for decades as rat studies in the 1980s demonstrated that the brain’s reward system is powerfully activated when rats consume certain foods, a reaction similar to that when they self-administer cocaine. In recent years, as the obesity rate in America has soared to 42 percent, especially among Black and Hispanic populations, scientists have been devoting increased attention to the impact of ultra-processed food addiction. These foods not only activate the brain’s reward system but also may involve the gut-microbiology. Symptoms of craving and withdrawal are clearly evident with ultra-processed foods. People will go to great lengths to obtain these foods, and when they are refused, they may experience a series of discomforts such as headaches, fatigue, and irritability (易怒的). A study in 2022 found that ultra-processed foods meet the same addiction criteria as tobacco products. High consumption of ultra-processed foods is linked to numerous health problems, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, depression, anxiety, and an increased risk of death. Thin people can also be addicted, perhaps burning off the extra calories through exercise or having a genetic predisposition (易患病体质) not to gain weight easily. Food companies argue against denying these foods, but experts advocate for clear nutritional labels and restrictions on marketing to children. Treating food addictions remains an open question, but there is hope that people will become more aware of the dangers, just as they did with smoking. 29．What is paragraph 1 of the text mainly about ? A．The ultra-processed food’s calorie. B．The ultra-processed food’s production. C．The ultra-processed food’s feature. D．The ultra-processed food’s popularity. 30．What has the rat study found about ultra-processed food in 1980s ? A．It works like cocaine. B．It will reward the brain. C．It has powerful addiction. D．It is same as cocaine. 31．Which is the disadvantage of ultra-processed food according to this text ? A．It has much more calories than any other foods. B．It will make you addicted and feel uncomfortable. C．It will make those who is genetic predisposition ill. D．It will burn out all your calories in your body. 32．What’s the writer’s opinion about the ultra-processed food in the future ? A．It must be resolved someday. B．It will automatically disappear. C．It is a dangerous question. D．It is a question to be resolved. 【全文翻译】 员工涉嫌盗窃被解雇后，大英博物馆馆长辞职 大英博物馆宣布解雇一名员工，因其涉嫌盗窃储藏室内的物品并在eBay上出售。就在几天后的周五，该博物馆馆长宣布辞职，即刻生效。 德国籍艺术史学家哈特维格·费舍尔（Hartwig Fischer）自2016年以来一直领导着这个享有世界声誉的机构。他在一份新闻稿中表示，他是在一个“极其严峻的时刻”离开这个职位的。 《泰晤士报》在周三写道，这些盗窃事件是“国家的耻辱，让人对大英博物馆自诩的文化珍宝管理能力提出质疑，博物馆需要对此做出全面解释。” 一些希望大英博物馆归还其文物的国家也在密切关注这一不断发酵的事件。大英博物馆的庞大馆藏中有八百多万件藏品，很多都来自英国曾经的殖民地。希腊和尼日利亚的立法者以盗窃事件为契机，呼吁归还有争议的文物。 萨穆雷兹·史密斯（Mr. Saumarez Smith）说，馆长辞职是“一种象征性的放血疗法”，但这可能并不会结束大英博物馆所面临的困境。他补充说道，该机构显然还有“更大的问题需要解决”，其中包括对自身馆藏情况的了解程度。 外刊精选答案 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.resign英 [rɪˈzaɪn] 美 [rɪˈzaɪn] v. 辞职 2.quit v. 辞职，退出 3.loot英 [luːt] 美 [luːt] v. 抢劫，掠夺 4.renowned英 [rɪˈnaʊnd] 美 [rɪˈnaʊnd] adj. 著名的，有名望的 5.utmost英 [ˈʌtməʊst] 美 [ˈʌtmoʊst] adj. 最大的，极度的 6.stewardship英 [ˈstjuːədʃɪp] 美 [ˈstuːərdʃɪp] n. 管事人的职位及职责 7.steward n. 管家 8.stewardess n. 女管家 9.unfold英 [ʌnˈfəʊld] 美 [ʌnˈfoʊld] v. 展现，演变（develop, evolve） 10.vast英 [vɑːst] 美 [væst] adj. 大量的 11.artifact英 [ˈɑːtɪfækt] 美 [ˈɑːrtɪfækt] n. 史前古器物，文物，古物 12.woe英 [wəʊ] 美 [woʊ] n. 痛苦，问题，麻烦 13.issue英 [ˈɪʃuː] 美 [ˈɪʃuː] n. 麻烦（woe, trouble, challenge, problem） 14.inventory英 [ˈɪnvəntəri] 美 [ˈɪnvəntɔːri] n. 库存，存货，目录清单 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.resign as a role 辞职 2.resign from a position 辞职 3.be suspected of doing something被怀疑犯有某种罪行或不良行为；有......嫌疑 4.be suspected of being involved 有跟某件事情牵连的嫌疑 5.effective immediately立刻生效 6.The Times of London《泰晤士报》 7.call into question something引起对某事的质疑，使某事受到怀疑 8.claim for something声称所拥有的某物 9.give a full accounting for something给出对某事的充分、详细、完全的说明 10.account for something 对某事的解释说明 11.vast collection 大量的收集、收藏 12.have a handle on something对某事有掌握；对某事有一定的理解（并能够处理） 【全文翻译】 员工涉嫌盗窃被解雇后，大英博物馆馆长辞职 大英博物馆宣布解雇一名员工，因其涉嫌盗窃储藏室内的物品并在eBay上出售。就在几天后的周五，该博物馆馆长宣布辞职，即刻生效。 德国籍艺术史学家哈特维格·费舍尔（Hartwig Fischer）自2016年以来一直领导着这个享有世界声誉的机构。他在一份新闻稿中表示，他是在一个“极其严峻的时刻”离开这个职位的。 《泰晤士报》在周三写道，这些盗窃事件是“国家的耻辱，让人对大英博物馆自诩的文化珍宝管理能力提出质疑，博物馆需要对此做出全面解释。” 一些希望大英博物馆归还其文物的国家也在密切关注这一不断发酵的事件。大英博物馆的庞大馆藏中有八百多万件藏品，很多都来自英国曾经的殖民地。希腊和尼日利亚的立法者以盗窃事件为契机，呼吁归还有争议的文物。 萨穆雷兹·史密斯（Mr. Saumarez Smith）说，馆长辞职是“一种象征性的放血疗法”，但这可能并不会结束大英博物馆所面临的困境。他补充说道，该机构显然还有“更大的问题需要解决”，其中包括对自身馆藏情况的了解程度。 拓展练习阅读理解 29．C 30．A 31．B 32．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是过度加工食物的特点以及对过度加工食物成瘾的危害。 29．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“These foods, which are carefully manufactured in industrial factories rather than in the familiar setting of grandma's kitchen, are filled with altered ingredients that are artfully combined to enhance fat, sugar, and salt levels. Moreover, they contain a lots of flavor and sensory enhancers, which render them irresistibly appealing.(这些食品是在工业工厂里精心制作的，而不是在我们熟悉的奶奶的厨房里，它们充满了经过改造的成分，这些成分被巧妙地组合在一起，以提高脂肪、糖和盐的含量。此外，它们含有大量的风味和感官增强剂，这使它们具有不可抗拒的吸引力)”以及下文中列出的过度加工食品的例子可知，过度加工食品源自于工业工厂，充满了改造成分，含有大量的风味和感观增强剂，由此可知，本段主要介绍了过度加工食物的特征。故选C项。 30．细节理解题。根据第二段“Studies have revealed that up to 20 percent of adults and 15 percent of kids and adolescents might exhibit signs of addiction to these foods, a phenomenon that has been recognized for decades as rat studies in the 1980s demonstrated that the brain’s reward system is powerfully activated when rats consume certain foods, a reaction similar to that when they self-administer cocaine.(研究显示，多达20%的成年人和15%的儿童及青少年可能表现出对这些食物上瘾的迹象，这一现象早在20世纪80年代的大鼠实验中就已被认可，实验表明当大鼠食用某些食物时，其大脑的奖赏系统会被强力激活，这种反应与它们自我注射可卡因时类似。)”可知，在20世纪80年代对老鼠的研究表明，这种对某些食物激活大脑奖励系统的反应类似于食用可卡因的反应。故选A项。 31．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“People will go to great lengths to obtain these foods, and when they are refused, they may experience a series of discomforts such as headaches, fatigue, and irritability(易怒的). A study in 2022 found that ultra-processed foods meet the same addiction criteria as tobacco products.(人们会竭尽全力得到这些食物，当他们被拒绝时，他们可能会经历一系列的不适，如头痛、疲劳和易怒(易怒的)。2022年的一项研究发现，超加工食品与烟草产品一样符合成瘾标准。)”可知，人们尽全力获得超工食物被拒后会经历一系列不适，研究表明超加工食物与烟草产品一样符合成瘾标准，由此可知，超加工食品会让人们上瘾以及产生不适的感觉。故选B项。 32．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“High consumption of ultra-processed foods is linked to numerous health problems, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, depression, anxiety, and an increased risk of death.(大量食用超加工食品与许多健康问题有关，包括心脏病、2型糖尿病、肥胖、抑郁、焦虑和死亡风险增加。)”可知，大量食用超加工食品会导致许多健康问题，结合下文中的“Treating food addictions remains an open question, but there is hope that people will become more aware of the dangers, just as they did with smoking.(治疗食物成瘾仍然是一个悬而未决的问题，但人们有希望更加意识到其危害，就像他们对吸烟所做的那样。)”可知，作者认为治疗食物成瘾是一个有待解决的问题，但人们有希望意识到超加工食物的危害。故选D项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$