2025届高三英语一轮复习培优外刊阅读导学案：英美政坛

高三英语培优外刊阅读 班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________ 外刊精选｜没了戏精的英美政坛，无趣成了新“从政密码”？ 自10月份苏纳克出任首相以来，英国政坛局势似乎一下子平淡了许多。与戏精的约翰逊相比，苏纳克显得有些沉稳克制，甚至是沉闷无趣。与此同时，美国政坛走向也很相似，从特朗普到拜登，“无聊之风”似乎也主导着美国政治。苏纳克和拜登的处境有何相似之处？两人为何不约而同选择了无趣的领导风格？ For Sunak, Like Biden, Dullness Could Be a Secret Weapon By Mark Landler and Stephen Castle For years, Boris Johnson and Donald J. Trump were viewed as populist twins — flamboyant, scandal-scarred, norm-busting figures, acting in a trans-Atlantic political drama. With both out of office, at least for now, a more timely and intriguing comparison is between Prime Minister Rishi Sunak and President Biden. Though they differ by obvious metrics — young vs. old, conservative vs. liberal — Mr. Sunak and Mr. Biden are using strikingly similar methods to govern in the wake of their larger-than-life predecessors. Both have tried to let the steam out of their countries' hothouse politics by making a virtue of being, well, a little boring. While Mr. Sunak's allies make no explicit comparisons between him and Mr. Biden, several have claimed his quiet, unflashy competence is restoring stability after the political roller-coaster of the last three months. On returning to the cabinet as a senior minister, Michael Gove declared "boring is back," and joked that it was the government's "utter determination to try to be as dull as possible." Unlike Mr. Biden, 80, whose aides still periodically find themselves having to clean up unguarded statements, Mr. Sunak, 42, rarely commits a gaffe. His cautious persona and stilted speaking style have drawn comparisons to John Major, who in 1990 succeeded a more forceful prime minister, Margaret Thatcher. If both Mr. Biden and Mr. Sunak are still in office in 2025, it will be proof that boring is not only back, but political gold. 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.dullness [ˈdʌlnəs] n. ______________________________________ 2.populist [ˈpɒpjəlɪst] n. ______________________________________ 3.flamboyant [flæmˈbɔɪənt] adj. ______________________________________ 4.scandal-scarred adj. ______________________________________ 5.norm-busting adj. ______________________________________ 6.trans-Atlantic [ˌtrænzətˈlæntɪk] adj. ______________________________________ 7.office [ˈɒfɪs] n. ______________________________________ 8.timely [ˈtaɪmli] adj. ______________________________________ 9.intriguing [ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋ] adj. ______________________________________ 10.metrics [ˈmetrɪks] n . ______________________________________ 11.strikingly [ˈstraɪkɪŋli] adv. ______________________________________ 12.steam [stiːm] n. ______________________________________ 13.hothouse [ˈhɒthaʊs] n. ______________________________________ 14.virtue [ˈvɜːtʃuː] n. ______________________________________ 15.ally [ˈælaɪ] n. ______________________________________ 16.quiet [ˈkwaɪət] adj. ______________________________________ 17.unflashy [ˈʌnflæʃi] adj. ______________________________________ 18.unguarded [ʌnˈɡɑːdɪd] adj. ______________________________________ 19.gaffe [ɡæf] n. ______________________________________ 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1______________________________________作为……的后果 2______________________________________浮夸显眼的；引人注目；有压迫感的；极其重要的 3.______________________________________过山车，多形容一件事总在剧烈变化，一个人情绪极端起伏 4.______________________________________收拾 拓展练习阅读理解 When humans have conversations, we take turns speaking, sometimes even interrupting each other. Now, a study reports that chimps (黑猩猩) follow a similar communication pattern structured around back-and-forth, fast-paced turns. “Human conversation follows very strict rules of turn-taking that are homogeneous across cultures and languages,” says Gal Badihi, the first author of the study. ”We started to wonder whether chimp communication is governed by its own rules, or if the rules are similar to human conversation.“ To figure out whether these interactions are like human turn taking, Badihi and coworkers studied hundreds of hours of videos of 8,559 gestures from 252 individuals recorded by other multiple researchers across decades of fieldwork in East Africa. The scientists studied them, describing the precise movements each chimp made when gesturing, the response of other chimps, the duration of the gestures, and other details. They found that 14% of the recorded interactions included at least one response to a gesture, while some included as many as seven back-and-forth responses. Chimps took an average of 120 milliseconds to reply with a gesture, which is not all that different from the human average of 200 milliseconds. Chimp gestures are largely meant to convey requests, with “groom (梳理) me”, “follow me”, “give me” or “stop it” being common commands. The researchers witnessed a variety of gestured interactions, such as chimps asking to change spots during grooming sessions. They do them just like humans do. This is different from other animals like dogs, for example, because an exchange of barking could just be an automatic instinctive (本能) unlearned reaction, rather than a true response in a conversation. Another similarity researchers noticed is the slight difference in response time between chimp communities—a variation that also exists among different human cultures. ”Amazingly, they seem to share both our universal turn-taking timing and slight cultural differences,“ says researcher Cat Hobaiter. ”In humans, it is the Danish who are ‘slower’ responders, and in Eastern chimps that’s the Sonso community in Uganda.“ 33．What does the word “homogeneous” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Normal. B．Perfect. C．Vivid. D．Consistent. 34．How did Badihi’s team do the research on the interactions of chimps? A．By training them on site. B．By carrying out fieldwork. C．By analyzing ready-made data. D．By responding to their gestures. 35．What do scientists find about the gestures between chimps? A．They are intentional. B．They are similar to dogs’. C．They almost have no difference. D．They are formed naturally. 36．What can be inferred about the chimps in the Sonso community in Uganda? A．They communicate more effectively. B．They respond to others like the Danish. C．They avoid face-to-face conversations. D．They tend to learn language from humans. 外刊精选答案 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.dullness [ˈdʌlnəs] n. 无聊，乏味，枯燥 2.populist [ˈpɒpjəlɪst] n. 民粹主义 3.flamboyant [flæmˈbɔɪənt] adj. 华丽的，炫耀的 4.scandal-scarred adj. 丑闻缠身的 5.norm-busting adj. 不合规矩的 6.trans-Atlantic [ˌtrænzətˈlæntɪk] adj. 横跨大西洋的，大西洋两岸的 7.office [ˈɒfɪs] n. 某个正式职位 8.timely [ˈtaɪmli] adj. 时机合适的，及时的 9.intriguing [ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋ] adj. 引人入胜的，非常有意思的 10.metrics [ˈmetrɪks] n . 标准，度量 11.strikingly [ˈstraɪkɪŋli] adv. 显著地，突出地，引人注目地 12.steam [stiːm] n. 蒸汽 13.hothouse [ˈhɒthaʊs] n. 温室，热室；某活动聚集多发地 14.virtue [ˈvɜːtʃuː] n. 美德，优点 15.ally [ˈælaɪ] n. 政治上的同盟伙伴 16.quiet [ˈkwaɪət] adj. 不夸夸其谈的 17.unflashy [ˈʌnflæʃi] adj. 质朴的 18.unguarded [ʌnˈɡɑːdɪd] adj. 没留心的，不谨慎的 19.gaffe [ɡæf] n. 失态，出丑，失礼 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.in the wake of something作为……的后果 2.larger than life浮夸显眼的；引人注目；有压迫感的；极其重要的 3.roller-coaster过山车，多形容一件事总在剧烈变化，一个人情绪极端起伏 4.clean up收拾 【全文翻译】 和拜登一样，无趣沉闷也是苏纳克的一件秘密武器 多年来，鲍里斯·约翰逊和唐纳德·J·特朗普被视为“民粹主义双胞胎”：二人都高调张扬，丑闻不断，不守规矩，在大西洋两岸上演着政坛闹剧。现在二人双双下台（至少目前如此），那就可以将英国首相里希·苏纳克和美国总统拜登放在一起，做个更适时也更有趣的对比。 苏纳克和拜登二人之间存在着明显的差异：一个年轻，一个年长；一个是保守党，一个是自由派。尽管如此，由于他们都有个“戏精”前任，二人采取了高度相似的执政策略。为了释放国家政治中积攒已久的压力，他们都不得已把自己变成了一个，怎么说呢，有些无趣沉闷的人。 虽然苏纳克的支持者们并没有将他与拜登进行明面上的对比，但有些人认为，在经历了过去三个月的大起大落之后，英国政坛的稳定性得以在苏纳克沉稳低调的才干中逐渐恢复。迈克尔·戈夫（Michael Gove）作为高级大臣重返内阁，他表示“无聊之风又回来了”，还开玩笑说，“政府已下定决心，要尽力做到沉闷无聊。” 拜登已经80岁了，他的助手要时不时地替他的不妥发言收拾局面；与此不同的是，42岁的苏纳克很少失态。他那谨慎的个性和刻板的讲话风格，很容易让人联想到约翰·梅杰（John Major）。1990年，约翰·梅杰接替了极为强势的撒切尔夫人（Margaret Thatcher），担任首相一职。 如果到了2025年，拜登和苏纳克仍然在任的话，这就证明了无聊之风不仅又回来了，而且还变成了某种“从政密码”。 拓展练习阅读理解 33．D 34．C 35．A 36．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了黑猩猩的交流规则是否与人类的交流规则相似。 33．词义猜测题。根据第二段““Human conversation follows very strict rules of turn-taking that are homogeneous across cultures and languages,” says Gal Badihi, the first author of the study.”（“人类对话遵循非常严格的轮流规则，这些规则在不同文化和语言中都是homogeneous，”该研究的第一作者Gal Badihi说。）可知，人类对话遵循非常严格的轮流规则，所以规则在不同文化和语言中都是一致的。所以划线词为“一致的”。故选D项。 34．细节理解题。根据第三段“Badihi and coworkers studied hundreds of hours of videos of 8,559 gestures from 252 individuals recorded by other multiple researchers across decades of fieldwork in East Africa”（Badihi和同事们研究了数百小时的视频，其中包括252个人的8559个手势，这些视频是由其他多名研究人员在东非数十年的田野调查中记录的）可知，Badihi的团队通过分析现成的数据进行研究。故选C。 35．细节理解题。根据第四段“Chimp gestures are largely meant to convey requests”（黑猩猩的手势主要是为了传达请求）可知，黑猩猩的手势是有意图的。故选A。 36．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In humans, it is the Danish who are ‘slower’ responders, and in Eastern chimps that’s the Sonso community in Uganda”（在人类中，丹麦人反应较慢，而在东部黑猩猩中，乌干达的 Sonso 社区反应较慢）可知，乌干达Sonso社区的黑猩猩在回应他人时像丹麦人一样较慢。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$