2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项培优外刊阅读学案：美国中期选举

高三英语培优外刊阅读 班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________ 外刊精选｜美国中期选举结果揭晓！首位Z世代议员诞生 上周，2022年美国中期选举拉开帷幕，民主党与共和党激烈争夺国会议员席位，因为这决定了谁将拥有下届国会参众两院的控制权。11月8日，25岁的民主党人弗罗斯特（Maxwell Alejandro Frost）赢得佛罗里达州众议院席位，成为美国国会首位Z世代议员。弗罗斯特有什么来头？他如何看待自己的当选？一起来今天的讲解。 25-Year-Old Florida Democrat Secures Generation Z's First House Seat By Maggie Astor Generation Z officially has a seat in Congress. Maxwell Alejandro Frost, a 25-year-old Democrat, won his election in Florida's 10th Congressional District over Calvin Wimbish, a Republican. His victory means that the next Congress will include one member of Generation Z, whose oldest members were born in 1997 and are newly eligible for the House, which has a minimum age of 25. "The perspective I bring as a young person, as a young Black Latino person from the South, is important," Mr. Frost said in an interview. But he added that he saw himself as "a small piece of a really big puzzle" composed of members of Gen Z who are becoming more influential in many areas of society. Mr. Frost's background is in activism, and his campaign focused on issues like gun violence and climate change that are of particular salience to many young voters. "I come from a generation that has gone through more mass-shooting drills than fire drills," he said then. "This is something that my generation has had to face head-on: being scared to go to school, being scared to go to church, being scared to be in your community. That gives me a sense of urgency." 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.secure [səˈkjʊr]v. ______________________________________ 2.Generation Z [dʒenəˌreɪʃn ˈziː]n______________________________________ 3.house [haʊs]n. ______________________________________ 4.officially [əˈfɪʃli]adv. ______________________________________ 5.congress [ˈkɑːŋɡres]n. _____________________________________ 6.eligible [ˈelədʒəbl]adj. ______________________________________ 7.perspective [pərˈspektɪv]n. ______________________________________ 8.puzzle [ˈpʌzl]n. ______________________________________ 9.activism [ˈæktɪvɪzm]n. ______________________________________ 10.drill [drɪl]n. ______________________________________ 11.head-on [ˌhedˈɑːn]adv. ______________________________________ 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.______________________________________在某地击败某人赢得某物 2______________________________________国会选区 3.______________________________________来自拉丁美洲或加勒比地区的非裔族群 4.______________________________________对......重要 5.______________________________________大规模枪击事件 拓展练习阅读理解 A global study comparing 2,062 birds finds that in highly variable environments birds tend to have either larger or smaller brains relative to their body size, but birds with smaller brains tend to use ecological strategies that are not available to big-brained ones. The fact is that there are a great many species that do quite well with small brains. Previous studies had found general trends toward larger relative brain sizes at higher latitudes (纬度) where conditions are more variable. This new study is different because it looks at the full distribution of brain sizes across environments, allowing the researchers to test whether different sizes are over-or under-represented. They found that at higher latitudes, some bird brains are significantly more likely to be relatively smaller compared to body size. “In Alaska, the ptarmigan (雷鸟) might be a typical example of the small-brained species. Lovable though it is, it’s not exactly known for its smarts. The ptarmigan can, however, feed on branches and willow leaves.” said Trevor Fristoe, first author of the study from Washington University. “We find that small-brained species in these environments employ strategies that are unachievable with a large brain. These species are able to live on readily available but difficult to digest resources such as needles of conifers (针叶树) or even branches. These foods can be found even during extreme winter conditions, but they are fibrous and require a large gut (肠道) to digest,” Fristoe said.“ Gut tissue, like brain tissue, is energetically demanding, and limited budgets mean that it is challenging to maintain a lot of both.” “Brains are not evolving separately — they are part of a broader suite of adaptation s that help creatures succeed in their lives,” said Carlos Botero, assistant professor of biology and co- author of the study.“ Biologists, ourselves included, have historically believed that environmental variability drives the expansion of brain size. But when we take a broader view, we realize that other strategies also work and remarkably, the alternative here involves making a brain actually smaller!” 37．How does Fristoe’s research differ from previous studies? A．It reveals birds’ evolving processes. B．It arrives at a conflicting conclusion. C．It focuses on birds with smaller brains. D．It covers a wider range of brain sizes. 38．What do we know about the ptarmigan? A．It has a changeable feeding habit. B．It is considered fairly intelligent. C．It has an extremely large body size. D．It has a powerful digesting system. 39．What does Botero think of smaller brains? A．They are a result of limited budgets. B．They are an effective survival strategy. C．They are not for variable environments. D．They are typical of independent evolution. 40．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Big Brains or Big Guts. Choose One B．Evolution of Brain Size in Birds C．Big Brains: Adapt to Higher Latitudes D．The Smaller the Brain, the Smarter the Bird 外刊精选答案 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.secure [səˈkjʊr]v. （尤指经过努力而争取到）获得，实现 2.Generation Z [dʒenəˌreɪʃn ˈziː]n. Z世代 3.house [haʊs]n. 议院 4.officially [əˈfɪʃli]adv. 官方地，正式地 5.congress [ˈkɑːŋɡres]n. 美国国会；代表大会 6.eligible [ˈelədʒəbl]adj. 有资格的，具备条件的 7.perspective [pərˈspektɪv]n. 角度，看法 8.puzzle [ˈpʌzl]n. 拼图（jigsaw） 9.activism [ˈæktɪvɪzm]n. 行动主义 10.drill [drɪl]n. 演习 11.head-on [ˌhedˈɑːn]adv. 积极地，认真地 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.win something in somewhere over somebody在某地击败某人赢得某物 2.congressional district国会选区 3.Black Latino来自拉丁美洲或加勒比地区的非裔族群 4.be of salience对......重要 5.mass shooting大规模枪击事件 【全文翻译】 25岁佛罗里达州民主党人成为美国国会众议院首位Z世代议员 Z世代在美国国会正式拥有了一席之地。 25岁的民主党人马克斯韦尔·亚历杭德罗·弗罗斯特（Maxwell Alejandro Frost）击败共和党人卡尔文·温比什 (Calvin Wimbish)，赢得了佛罗里达州第十选区的选举。他的胜利意味着下一届国会议员中将出现一名Z世代。最早的Z世代生于1997年，到今年才有资格进入众议院，因为当选众议员的最低年龄要求是25岁。 弗罗斯特曾在接受采访时说道：“作为一个年轻人，一个来自南方的拉丁裔黑人年轻人，我带来的独特视角是很重要的。”不过，他还补充道，Z世代正在社会各个领域变得越来越有影响力，而他把自己看作是由Z世代人所组成的“巨大拼图中的一小块”。 弗罗斯特原本就是个行动主义者，他的竞选活动也聚焦于枪支暴力、气候变化等议题，这些议题对年轻一代的选民来说尤其重要。 他曾说过：“我们这代人经历过的大规模枪击演习比消防演习还多。这是我这一代人不得不直面的事情：不敢去上学，不敢去做礼拜，不敢待在自己的社区。这种情况让我有了一种紧迫感。” 拓展练习阅读理解 37．D 38．C 39．A 40．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于鸟类大脑大小和智慧之间关系的研究，列举了研究人员对研究结果的看法。 37．细节理解题。根据第二段“This new study is different because it looks at the full distribution of brain sizes across environments, allowing the researchers to test whether different sizes are over-or under-represented.(这项新研究的不同之处在于，它观察了不同环境下大脑大小的完整分布，使研究人员能够测试不同大小的大脑是被过度代表还是被低估了)”可知，弗里斯托的研究涵盖了更大范围的大脑大小。故选D。 38．推理判断题。根据第二段“They found that at higher latitudes, some bird brains are significantly more likely to be relatively smaller compared to body size.(他们发现，在高纬度地区，一些鸟类的大脑相对于身体来说更有可能相对较小)”以及第三段“In Alaska, the ptarmigan (雷鸟) might be a typical example of the small-brained species.(在阿拉斯加，雷鸟可能是小脑袋物种的典型例子)”可推知，雷鸟的体型非常大。故选C。 39．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But when we take a broader view, we realize that other strategies also work and remarkably, the alternative here involves making a brain actually smaller!(但当我们从更广阔的角度来看，我们意识到其他策略也起作用，值得注意的是，这里的替代方案涉及到让大脑变得更小！)”可知，波特罗认为小脑袋是预算有限的结果。故选A。 40．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A global study comparing 2,062 birds finds that in highly variable environments birds tend to have either larger or smaller brains relative to their body size, but birds with smaller brains tend to use ecological strategies that are not available to big-brained ones. The fact is that there are a great many species that do quite well with small brains.(一项对2062只鸟类进行比较的全球研究发现，在高度多变的环境中，鸟类的大脑相对于它们的身体大小往往更大或更小，但大脑较小的鸟类往往会使用大脑大的鸟类无法使用的生态策略。事实上，有很多物种的大脑都很小)”结合文章主要介绍了关于鸟类大脑大小和智慧之间关系的研究，列举了研究人员对研究结果的看法。可知，A选项“脑大还是智慧大。选择一个”最符合文章标题。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$