2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项培优外刊阅读学案： 黄桃罐头走红

高三英语培优外刊阅读 班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________ 外刊精选｜黄桃罐头走红背后：为何就是念念不忘那一口？ 最近，黄桃罐头意外爆红，许多人都说它是自己生病时的慰藉，吃上一口，好像就又回到了小时候，由疾病带来的不适和焦灼也逐渐消散。其实在英文中有个词语，叫做“comfort food”，指的就是像黄桃罐头这类吃了以后让人觉得非常放松的美食，它们也被称为治愈系食物。那么，为什么人们格外怀念某类食物？这些食物又是如何带给我们慰藉之感的？ The Science of Comfort Food By Melinda Wenner Moyer Turkey is not my thing, but one dish I cannot live without on Thanksgiving is my mom's Snowy Mashed Potatoes. I'm pretty sure I've had them at every Thanksgiving since I was a toddler, and bites often transport me back to different years and different dining rooms. How and why is it that certain foods give us so much pleasure? Our brains reward us more for some foods than for others. Carbohydrates increase brain levels of serotonin, a chemical that enhances mood. "After eating these foods, we feel calm, we feel happy," said Dr. Uma Naidoo, a professional chef and nutritional psychiatrist at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Certain foods are especially emotionally satisfying for reasons that have little to do with their taste or nutritional content, though. My mom's mashed potatoes remind me of holiday joy and past reunions with extended family. We are drawn to foods we were given early in life by people who cared for us, which can help explain our collective love for chicken noodle soup, which many parents feed their sick children to make them feel better. The smell of food can evoke powerful memories, too. Our memory for smells is long-lasting and precise, especially when it comes to scents we were first exposed to in childhood. That's why you might catch a whiff of pumpkin pie baking in the oven and be transported back to the first time you baked it with your grandmother. 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.carbohydrate [ˌkɑːbəʊˈhaɪdreɪt] n. ______________________________________ 2.serotonin [ˌserəˈtəʊnɪn] n. ______________________________________ 3.emotionally [ɪˈməʊʃnli] adv. ______________________________________ 4.draw [drɔː] v. ______________________________________ 5.collective [kəˈlektɪv] adj. ______________________________________ 6.evoke [ɪˈvəʊk] v. ______________________________________ 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.______________________________________不是某人喜欢或擅长的事 2.______________________________________豆雪泥 3.______________________________________把某人带回到另一个地点或时间 4.______________________________________营养精神医师 5.______________________________________与……无关或关系不大 6.______________________________________大家庭（从核心家庭延展出去的关系网） 7.______________________________________小时侯 8.______________________________________让某人接触、体验到某物 9.______________________________________一股淡淡的气味 10.______________________________________治愈性食物，慰藉食物 拓展练习阅读理解 The rise of satellite-enabled GPS was revolutionary for navigation, and with the rise of mobile phones, anyone can have their personal navigation. GPS navigation apps enable egocentric (自我中心的) navigation with easy-to-follow turn-by-turn directions. With these conveniences at our fingertips, we are no longer active navigators, we are passive passengers aboard the GPS. However, multiple experiments have shown that this easy egocentric navigation also reduces spatial awareness and mental mapping when compared to more traditional forms like paper maps. Our question is: Can we find a way to still use GPS but reduce the harmful effects of current GPS navigation on memory? The challenge is to create alternative forms of GPS navigation that will remain easy enough for the general public, but also enable traditional navigation and thus be more likely to improve spatial awareness. Our research finds that appropriately-designed audio beacons (声音指引) offer an alternative that develops a much more active form of egocentric navigation. Instead of guiding users to turn right and turn left on the way to their desired destination, we can change a location of interest to a distinctive auditory beacon via earbuds or headphones. Our auditory navigation application, known as Soundscape, has an effect that resembles a church bell, where loud ringing of the bell or calls to prayer can be heard at great distance; our would-be navigator can make way by heading toward the sound. Auditory beacon navigation is an example of how we are entering into an era where negative effects of automation on our brain health will be at the forefront of technological development. Technology does not need to replace our evolutionary functions and distance us from our environments, but rather with appropriate design can add the sensory inputs processed by our brain. Perhaps instead of evolving into a new species of turn-by-turn zombies, we can thereby all engage more deeply with humanity, our local environment and life itself. 5．How does GPS navigation negatively affect people? A．It turns people into active navigators. B．It makes people develop to be selfish. C．It weakens their abilities to find their ways. D．It encourages people form bad habits while driving. 6．What makes it difficult to reduce the harmful effects of current GPS navigation? A．Creating new apps to improve health. B．Replacing those technological functions. C．Making alternative forms more intelligent. D．Combining the conveniences and traditional ways. 7．What is the possible solution mentioned in the text? A．Properly designed signal guides. B．Distinctive headphones. C．New species of turning zombies. D．Automated brain processors. 8．What can be inferred in the last paragraph? A．Technology will distance people from the environment. B．Technology is not necessarily connected to people’s lifestyle. C．It’s impossible to wipe out all the negative effects of technology. D．A good design is to develop a bond between technology and human instinct. 外刊精选答案 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.carbohydrate [ˌkɑːbəʊˈhaɪdreɪt] n. 碳水化合物（简称carb） 2.serotonin [ˌserəˈtəʊnɪn] n. 血清素 3.emotionally [ɪˈməʊʃnli] adv. 情感上地 4.draw [drɔː] v. 吸引（attract） 5.collective [kəˈlektɪv] adj. 共同的，集体的 6.evoke [ɪˈvəʊk] v. 唤起 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.not one's thing不是某人喜欢或擅长的事 2.Snowy Mashed Potatoes土豆雪泥 3.transport somebody back to something把某人带回到另一个地点或时间 4.nutritional psychiatrist营养精神医师 5.have little to do with something与……无关或关系不大 6.extended family大家庭（从核心家庭延展出去的关系网） 7.early in life小时侯 8.expose somebody to something让某人接触、体验到某物 9.a whiff of something一股淡淡的气味 10.comfort food治愈性食物，慰藉食物 【全文翻译】 治愈性食物背后的科学原理 火鸡不是我的菜，但在感恩节有一道菜我不能不吃，那就是我妈妈做的土豆雪泥。我敢肯定，从很小的时候开始，每个感恩节我都会吃到这道菜；几口下肚，就能让我穿越回到不同的年月和不同的餐厅里。 为什么某些食物会给我们带来诸多愉悦？它们又是如何做到的呢？ 其实，某些食物相比其他食物更能调动我们大脑的奖励机制。比如碳水化合物能增加大脑的血清素含量，这种化学物质可以提升情绪。乌玛·奈杜博士（Dr. Uma Naidoo）是一名专业厨师，也是麻省总医院和哈佛大学医学院的营养精神医师，她说：“吃完这些食物，我们就能平静下来，感到愉悦。” 有些食物尤其能让我们在情感上获得满足，不过背后的原因与它们的味道或者营养成分没什么关系。比如我妈妈做的土豆泥，就让我回想起了节日的快乐，还有那时候和整个大家庭团聚的喜悦。我们总是会对小时候悉心照料自己的家人准备的食物念念不忘；而为什么那么多人都爱鸡汤面，也就说得通了，因为小孩子一生病，许多父母都会做一碗鸡汤面，让孩子喝了后舒服些。 同样地，食物的气味也能唤起我们心底深刻的回忆。我们对气味的记忆持久而精确，尤其是我们在童年第一次闻到的食物香气。这就是为什么当你闻到烤箱里飘来的南瓜派的淡淡香气，就会回想起人生第一次和祖母一起烤南瓜派的时光。 拓展练习阅读理解 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了GPS是如何影响我们的记忆能力以及我们可以为之做些什么。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, multiple experiments have shown that this easy egocentric navigation also reduces spatial awareness and mental mapping when compared to more traditional forms like paper maps.(然而，多个实验表明，与纸质地图等更传统的形式相比，这种简单的以自我为中心的导航也会减少空间意识和心理地图。)”可知，GPS导航削弱了人们的空间感和心理地图，导致产生负面影响。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“The challenge is to create alternative forms of GPS navigation that will remain easy enough for the general public, but also enable traditional navigation and thus be more likely to improve spatial awareness.(我们面临的挑战是创造出另一种形式的GPS导航，既要对公众来说足够简单，又要使传统的导航功能得以实现，从而更有可能提高空间意识。)”可知，便利与传统相结合让目前的GPS导航难以减少有害影响。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段“Our research finds that appropriately-designed audio beacons (声音指引) offer an alternative that develops a much more active form of egocentric navigation.(我们的研究发现，适当设计的音频信号提供了另一种选择，它开发了一种更积极的以自我为中心的导航形式。)”可知，可能的解决方案是合理设计信号导路。故选A。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Technology does not need to replace our evolutionary functions and distance us from our environments, but rather with appropriate design can add the sensory inputs processed by our brain. Perhaps instead of evolving into a new species of turn-by-turn zombies, we can thereby all engage more deeply with humanity, our local environment and life itself.(技术不需要取代我们的进化功能，使我们远离环境，而是通过适当的设计可以增加我们大脑处理的感官输入。或许，我们可以更深入地融入人性、当地环境和生活本身，而不是进化成一种新的僵尸物种。)”可知，技术是通过适当的设计可以增加我们大脑处理的感官输入，我们可以更深入地融入人性、当地环境和生活本身，由此可知，一个好的设计是在技术和人之间建立一种联系。故选D。 【点睛】 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$