精品解析：北京市2024-2025学年新高三上学期入学定位考试英语试题

2024-2025学年北京市新高三入学定位考试 第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 It was in the cold midwinter, and the wayfaring couple walked through the cold night.The father-to-be ___1___ the roadside, seeking shelter, where his struggling companion might rest ___2___ for the night. She labored along, her way made heavier by the new life growing inside her. Their names were Pepper and Cooper a pair of beagles (米格鲁猎犬). Gus Kiebel, a county wildlife officer, was driving home from work when he ___3___ the pair in the flash of his headlights. It was snowing so hard, but he could tell the dogs were wearing collars and tags. What were they doing out here when it was too cold for dogs to go outside? Gus parked his truck and ___4___ the animals. He stretched out his hands to the beagles, which made no ___5___ to escape. He read their tags by his truck’s headlights: the female was named Pepper, and the male was Cooper. He then called the number listed, but it was snowing so hard that his ___6___ blurred. He placed the dogs onto the passenger seat and they were snuggled together there. Gus dried his phone and dialed the number again. A man answered and immediately grew ___7___ when Gus told him why he was calling. “I gave those dogs away,” the man said, “They’re not mine anymore.” These beagles were ____8____. Gus noticed their large eyes pleading. He then brought them home. The Kiebels prepared a bed for the dogs on their warm enclosed porch, also ____9____ food and water. The exhausted animals lay together. It’s a simple story — people who practice kindness give shelter from a storm to a homeless couple — but it speaks to the best of our ____10____. 1. A. blocked B. guarded C. scanned D. identified 2. A. safely B. happily C. quickly D. willingly 3. A. tracked B. spotted C. ignored D. hunted 4. A. patted B. protected C. tested D. approached 5. A. effort B. meaning C. consensus D. contact 6. A. truck B. screen C. mind D. headlight 7. A. interested B. embarrassed C. defensive D. talkative 8. A. avoided B. adopted C. appreciated D. abandoned 9. A. giving out B. setting out C. putting out D. carrying out 10. A. nature B. talent C. pursuit D. advantage 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Natural disasters can make people depend on their neighbors in a way nothing else does. The six-year-old Jermaine _____11_____ (save) money with his family for a dream trip to Disneyworld when suddenly their neighborhood was ordered to evacuate (疏散) because of Hurricane Dorian. Immediately the boy decided to use his hard-earned cash _____12_____ (help) his neighbors. Jermaine stood alongside a nearby road ____13____ (hand) out chips, hot dogs, and bottles of water to evacuees. “I wanted them to have some food to eat,” he said. “I wanted to be kind and live to give. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Teenage friendships are fun and can grow into lifelong relationships. A new study, published in the journal Child Development, _____14_____ (show) these early friendships do something else, too: prepare teens ____15____ parenting. The researchers found that the teens who showed more empathy for their close friends were more ____16____ (support) parents in adulthood. Therefore, _____17_____ your friend is struggling, you can practice showing up and trying to understand their perspective. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Food insecurity is defined by the United States Department of Agriculture as the lack of access to enough food for an active, healthy life. It is associated with negative social and health outcomes and ____18____ (consider) a critical public health issue. Key drivers of food insecurity include unemployment, poverty, and income shocks, ____19____ can prevent adequate access to food. Luckily, multiple interventions have been shown to reduce food insecurity, including participation in food assistance _____20_____ (program) and broader societal-level improvements in economic stability. 第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Summer Science Program (SSP) is a nonprofit organization that provides an experimental science experience for high school seniors who’ll soon go through college application. As one of the oldest pre-college enrichment programs, SSP is uniquely run by former members of this wonderful community. Their previous experiences with SSP have led them to actively support the program through donations and volunteering. The program structure involves twelve teams guided by a faculty of seven. Students work in teams of three to undertake a hands-on research project, fostering collaboration, challenge, and inclusivity. Over 39 days, these teams dig into their research, forming a close-knit learning community. Admission to SSP is open to high school juniors globally, with a holistic (整体的) approach that values academic excellence and motivation. The program ensures diversity and provides financial aid to all admitted students, making sure talented young people won’ get shut out. The SSP community thrives on cooperative research, offering, a refreshing replacement to competitive school environments. The absence of exams and grades focuses students on personal growth and the establishment of a supportive network with peers and alumni. Research opportunities are available in fields such as Astrophysics, Biochemistry, or Genomics. with each program hosted by a university partner. The curriculum is advanced, paced for college-level understanding, and integrated with the research project. The schedule is packed with learning, guest lectures from professionals, visits to scientifie institutions, and social events, ensuring a well-rounded and enjoyable summer for participants. The SSP experience is not just about science; it’s about personal and communal growth, making it an enriching and memorable program for high school seniors. 21. What is special about SSP? A. It’s operated by former graduates. B. It’s built upon previous experiences. C. It requires recommendations by faculty. D. It provides guidance on college application. 22. To get accepted by SSP participants need to_______. A. pay a certain sum of fees B. adopt a holistic approach C. be able to design projects D. be excellent in academics 23. At SSP, participants will _______. A. have a few exams to sit B. engage in competitive activities C get various research opportunities D. attend lectures in scientific institutions B Years ago, we were living in a big nice house and I was going to the best elementary school in the city with my siblings. We had everything we could have wished for and we were still asking for more. Mr. Sanchez used to mow our lawns. He was very hardworking. Often, he would bring his son that was my age. He had modest toys and modest clothes and he had a hard time fitting in with us mainly because I was too proud to consider him my equal. His name was Cabriel and he was a smart boy, despite all his “shortcomings”. Days went by and we spent our time around each other but without any close connection. Fast forward to a couple of years and my father’s business hit the rock bottom. His partner took away all the money and left the country. Soon we had to leave our big house and settle into a small one and we were having a hard time meeting other expenses. Mr. Sanchez was very kind during that time. He and Gabriel came once a week and helped me and my siblings get things in order. That was when Gabriel and I became good friends. We started talking in the evenings when I learnt he was going to start college and he was much smarter than me. Later we came up with a business plan and founded a start-up. I felt no shame in confessing that Cabriel was much more instrumental in the rise of our company. Later, all of my father’s debt was paid off and we were again a happy, prosperous family. I was a truly rich man because I had a great friend by my side for my whole life. This experience was a valuable lesson for me. It does not take a life experience for people to go from rags to riches or the other way around. What is important is someone’s person and behavior toward his other fellows in real life. 24. What happened to the author’s family in his early years? A. Life expenses went up unexpectedly. B. A financial breakdown hit his family. C. Their house was illegally taken away. D. They lost close connection with others. 25. What changed the author’s attitude towards Gabriel? A. Their partnership in business. B. The proof of Gabriel’s capability. C. The change of his living condition. D. The consistent help from Gabriel. 26. Which of the following words best describe Gabriel? A. Intelligent and loyal. B. Persistent and ambitious. C. Introverted but generous. D. Hardworking but modest. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. Like father, like son. B. Birds of a feather flock together. C. Where there is a will, there is a way. D. Never judge a book by its cover. C The vast majority of people have an ongoing conversation with themselves, an inner voice, that plays an important role in their daily lives. But between 5 to 10 percent of the population do not have the experience of an inner voice, and they find it more difficult to perform certain verbal memory tasks, new research shows. Johanne Nedergard from the University of Copenhagen and her colleague Gary Lupyan are the first researchers to investigate whether the lack of an inner voice, or an endophasia as they have coined the condition, has any consequences for how these people solve problems, for example how they perform verbal memory tasks. People who reported that they either experienced a high degree of inner voice or very little inner voice in everyday life were subjected to one experiment that aimed to determine whether there was a difference in their ability to remember language input and one about their ability to find rhyme words. The first experiment involved the participants remembering words in order— words that were similar, either phonetically or in spelling, e. g. “bought” “caught”. The participants without an inner voice were significantly worse at remembering the words. The same applied to an assignment in which the participants had to determine whether a pair of pictures contained words that rhyme,e. g. pictures of a sock and a clock. Here, too, it is crucial to be able to repeat the words in order to compare their sounds and thus determine whether they rhyme. According to Nedergard, the differences in verbal memory that they have identified in their experiments will not be noticed in ordinary everyday conversations. And the question is, does not having an inner voice hold any practical or behavioral significance? So far, the researchers are not sure because they are only on the very beginning of a whole process of study. But there is one field where they suspect that having an inner voice plays a role, and that is therapy; in the widely used cognitive behavioral therapy, for example, you need to identify and change adverse thought patterns, and having an inner voice may be very important in such a process. However, it is still uncertain whether differences in the experience of an inner voice are related to how people respond to different types of therapy. Nedergard said she would like to continue her research to find out whether other language areas are affected if you do not have an inner voice. 28. What does the underlined word”coined“in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Assessed. B. Revised. C. Created. D. Discovered. 29. The researchers use the pictures of a sock and a clock to _____. A. display how people pick up different words B. see how people differ in degrees of inner voice C. explain why some participants can repeat words D. assess a group’s ability to remember words in order. 30. Nedergard will probably agree that people without an inner voice ______. A. have poorer verbal memory B. show traits in daily conversations C. can obtain it through training D. have serious problems in learning D Nature vs. Nurture Curiosity has always been one of the most innate and prevailing qualities of humankind. Our endless pursuit of truth and reasons has resulted in a lot of crucial discoveries in the world. However, the more we uncover the world, the more we end up generating more questions to answer. Out of all the wonders of the world, human psychology is deemed to be one of the most controversial. The complexity of the mind and its reflection on human behavior has been a subject of many studies and debates. One of the oldest and, still, most talked about an argument in psychology is the nature against nurture debate. Nature refers to the biological structure and processes that determine a person’s physical and behavioral attributes. Due to the advancement of genetics, scientists have uncovered that physical traits such as eye color, hair type, height, and life expectancy of a person can strongly be related to the genetic makeup. These discoveries have led to the speculation that most psychological characteristics like intellect, personality, and language acquisition ability are already pre-wired to our system through our genetic pattern. In contrast, nurture theory suggests that behavior is honed from socio-cultural factors. This theory is guided by John Locke’s “blank slate” theory, which refers to the idea that the human mind, in its primal state, is a blank slate that is gradually filled in with information derived from direct and indirect experiences. This theory states people’s characteristics and behavioral diversity attend results of social and cultural influences encountered during their development. The term Nature vs. Nurture debate was put forward by Sir Francis Galton, who believed that intellect is a quantifiable and hereditary (遗传的) human trait. He also believed that intellect can be passed from generation to generation. Thus, people with high intelligence have a major chance of having highly intellectual offspring, while people having lower than average intellect are more likely to have low intellectual offspring. However , the believers of nurture theory believed that intellectual ability attends the result of inequalities in access to resources and opportunities. Thus, intellect is not a product of heredity but more of a result of the social construct. Countless research and experimentation have been conducted to put an end to the seemingly endless debate. Psychologists and researchers of the present already embrace the idea that a person’s character is highly influenced by his genetic makeup and the environment. The years of labored research on nature and nurture theory finally have born fruits. Technology and research have expanded a better understanding of the human personality and mind, and will just continuously do as time passes by. 31. Why does the author mention “curiosity” in the first paragraph? A. To predict the research results. B. To emphasize the importance of exploring. C. To lead to the argument of nature against nurture. D. To raise the reader’s interest in the theory of nature. 32. What does John Locke’s “blank slate” theory suggest? A. Human mind is always blank. B. People’s behaviors are learned. C. Behavior is determined genetically. D. Culture has little influence on human. 33. What is the attitude of Sir Francis Galton towards the theory of nurture? A. Disapproving. B. Supportive. C. Neutral. D. Cautious. 34. Which of the following might the author agree with? A The theory of nature is not accepted by the public. B. The theory of nurture is based on the theory of nature. C. The supporters of the two theories agree with each other. D. The theory of nature and the theory of nurture both make sense. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Why Does Norm Matter? Simply put, a norm is a rule that guides behavior among members of a society or group. Norms are social facts: things which exist in society independent of individuals, and that shape our thoughts and behavior. _____35_____. While we can understand norms simply as rules that tell us what we should or shouldn’t do, there’s much more to them that sociologists find interesting and worthy of study. For example, sociological focus is often directed at how norms are disseminated — how we come to learn them. The process of socialization is guided by norms and taught to us by those around us, including our families, teachers, and authority figures from religion, politics, law, and popular culture._____36_____ We do this a lot as children, but we also do it as adults in unfamiliar spaces, among new groups of people, or in places we visit for this time. Learning the norms of any given space or group allows us to function in that setting, and to be accepted by those present. As knowledge of how to operate in the world, norms are an important part of the cultural capital that each of us possesses and embodies. They are, in fact, cultural products and are culturally contextual, and they only exist if we realize them in our thought and behavior. For the most part, norms are things that we take for granted and spend little time thinking about, but they become highly visible and conscious when they are broken._____37_____ We abide them because we know that they exist and that we will face sanctions if we break them. _____38_____. If a person cuts the line or drops something that makes a mess and does nothing in response, others present might sanction their behavior visually with eye contact and facial expressions, or verbally. Because they guide our behavior, and when broken, they enlist a reaction that is meant to reaffirm them and their cultural importance. They allow us to live our lives with an understanding of what we can expect from those around us. _____39_____ Without norms, our world would be in chaos, and we wouldn’t know how to navigate it. A. This would be a form of social approval. B. As such, they have a forcing power over us. C. Some norms can lead to serious social problems. D. The everyday enforcement of them though is mostly unseen. E. In many cases they allow us to feel safe and secure, and to operate at ease. F. We learn them through spoken and written directive, but also through observing those around us. G. They operate in our subconscious, and we don’t think consciously about them unless they are broken. 第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 In April 2021，my grandparents’ lives were turned upside down instantly. A car drove into their home, literally. The vehicle went through the front wall of their home, through the living room, and then hit the border between the living room and kitchen. My grandfather was standing in front of the refrigerator; the car hitting the wall threw him across the kitchen. He was in serious condition and unable to walk. We were all so worried about him. How would he deal with something so awful happening at his age? But what surprised everyone was how positive my grandfather remained throughout the entire thing. He was grateful he was alive when the accident could have quickly taken his life. He taught us that even when life gets you down, you have to be grateful for the things you do have rather than dwelling on the things you don’t have. Even though he could not walk or function as he had previously, my grandpa found ways to become satisfied: such as reading his favorite newspaper or receiving a call from a friend or family member. He was grateful for the kind nurses, physical therapists, and other medical personnel who saved his life and helped him recover. When something so life-changing happens to a close family member, it puts life into perspective and makes you thankful for the little things in life. Meanwhile, all the little things that used to stress us out suddenly don’t matter in the large scheme of things. Anything can happen, and finding things that make you happy every day is essential. 40. What happened to the author’s grandpa in April 2021? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why was grandfather grateful for the accident? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The author has found inspiration from his grandpa and realized that we should be thankful for the little things because they matter in the large scheme of things. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Please describe something you have learnt from a special event.(In about 40 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。中秋节临近，你的学校将举行一系列庆祝活动。请你给正在中国旅游的英国好友Jim写封邮件，内容包括： 1.庆祝活动安排; 2.邀请他参加。 注意：1词数100左右; 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim， _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年北京市新高三入学定位考试 第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 It was in the cold midwinter, and the wayfaring couple walked through the cold night.The father-to-be ___1___ the roadside, seeking shelter, where his struggling companion might rest ___2___ for the night. She labored along, her way made heavier by the new life growing inside her. Their names were Pepper and Cooper, a pair of beagles (米格鲁猎犬). Gus Kiebel, a county wildlife officer, was driving home from work when he ___3___ the pair in the flash of his headlights. It was snowing so hard, but he could tell the dogs were wearing collars and tags. What were they doing out here when it was too cold for dogs to go outside? Gus parked his truck and ___4___ the animals. He stretched out his hands to the beagles, which made no ___5___ to escape. He read their tags by his truck’s headlights: the female was named Pepper, and the male was Cooper. He then called the number listed, but it was snowing so hard that his ___6___ blurred. He placed the dogs onto the passenger seat and they were snuggled together there. Gus dried his phone and dialed the number again. A man answered and immediately grew ___7___ when Gus told him why he was calling. “I gave those dogs away,” the man said, “They’re not mine anymore.” These beagles were ____8____. Gus noticed their large eyes pleading. He then brought them home. The Kiebels prepared a bed for the dogs on their warm enclosed porch, also ____9____ food and water. The exhausted animals lay together. It’s a simple story — people who practice kindness give shelter from a storm to a homeless couple — but it speaks to the best of our ____10____. 1. A. blocked B. guarded C. scanned D. identified 2. A. safely B. happily C. quickly D. willingly 3. A. tracked B. spotted C. ignored D. hunted 4. A. patted B. protected C. tested D. approached 5. A. effort B. meaning C. consensus D. contact 6. A. truck B. screen C. mind D. headlight 7. A. interested B. embarrassed C. defensive D. talkative 8. A. avoided B. adopted C. appreciated D. abandoned 9. A. giving out B. setting out C. putting out D. carrying out 10. A. nature B. talent C. pursuit D. advantage 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述格斯·基贝尔救助一对米格鲁猎犬的故事。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位准爸爸察看路边，寻找避难所，在那里，他苦苦挣扎的同伴可以安全地休息过夜。A. blocked封锁；B. guarded守卫；C. scanned扫描，察看；D. identified鉴定。由下文“seeking shelter”可知，这个准爸爸狗在“察看”路边，寻找庇护所。故选C项。 【2题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位准爸爸察看路边，寻找避难所，在那里，他苦苦挣扎的同伴可以安全地休息过夜。A. safely安全地；B. happily快乐地；C. quickly快速地；D. willingly很乐意地。由上文“in the cold midwinter”和“seeking shelter”可知，这指这准爸爸想让同伴在庇护所中“安全地”休息过一夜。故选A项。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：县野生动物官员格斯·基贝尔下班开车回家时，在车灯的闪光中发现了这对动物。A. tracked跟踪；B. spotted看见；C. ignored忽略；D. hunted猎杀。由下文“ in the flash of his headlights”以及语境可知，这里指格斯在灯光中“看见”了这两只狗。故选B项。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：格斯停好卡车，走近动物们。A. patted拍了拍；B. protected保护；C. tested测试；D. approached走近。由上文“parked his truck”以及语境可知，这里指格斯停好车向这对狗“走近”。故选D项。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他向米格鲁猎犬们伸出手，米格鲁猎犬们没有逃跑。A. effort努力；B. meaning意思；C. consensus共识；D. contact接触。由上文“his struggling companion”和“it was too cold for dogs”以及下文“The exhausted animals lay together”可知，这里指这两只狗在寒冷中已经精疲力尽了，遇到陌生人都不“努力”尝试逃跑了。故选A项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他拨打了列出的号码，但雪下得很大，他的屏幕都模糊了。A. truck卡车；B. screen屏幕；C. mind思维；D. headlight前照灯。由下文“Gus dried his phone and dialed the number again”可知，前面指雪水让“屏幕”模糊看不清。故选B项。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个男人接了电话，当格斯告诉他为什么打电话时，他立刻开始有戒心了。A. interested感兴趣的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. defensive防御的，怀有戒心的；D. talkative健谈的。由下文“They’re not mine anymore”可知，这男的是不想要这两只狗，所以是“有戒备地”回答格斯的电话。故选C项。 8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些米格鲁猎犬被遗弃了。A. avoided避免；B. adopted采纳；C. appreciated感谢；D. abandoned抛弃。由上文“They’re not mine anymore”可知，这里指这两条狗被“抛弃”了。故选D项。 【9题详解】 考查动词词组辨析。句意：基贝尔一家在温暖的封闭门廊上为狗准备了一张床，还安排了食物和水。筋疲力尽的动物们躺在一起。 A. giving out分发；B. setting out出发，安排；C. putting out扑灭；D. carrying out执行。由下文“food and wate”以及语境可知，这里指基贝尔一家为狗们“安排”了食物和水。故选B项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个简单的故事——实践善良的人为一对无家可归的夫妇提供风暴避难所，但这反映了我们本性中最好的一面。A. nature自然，本性；B. talent天赋；C. pursuit追求；D. advantage优势。由上文“people who practice kindness give shelter from a storm to a homeless couple”可知，这里指善良是我们应该要拥有的“本性”。故选A项。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Natural disasters can make people depend on their neighbors in a way nothing else does. The six-year-old Jermaine _____11_____ (save) money with his family for a dream trip to Disneyworld when suddenly their neighborhood was ordered to evacuate (疏散) because of Hurricane Dorian. Immediately the boy decided to use his hard-earned cash _____12_____ (help) his neighbors. Jermaine stood alongside a nearby road ____13____ (hand) out chips, hot dogs, and bottles of water to evacuees. “I wanted them to have some food to eat,” he said. “I wanted to be kind and live to give. 【答案】11. was saving##had saved##had been saving 12. to help 13. handing 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了男孩Jermaine用他的血汗钱来帮助他的邻居的暖心故事。 【11题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：6岁的杰梅因(Jermaine)和家人正在攒钱准备去迪斯尼世界的梦幻之旅，突然，由于飓风多里安(Dorian)，他们的邻居被命令撤离。设空处在句中作谓语，表示过去一直所做的事情，时态可以为过去进行时；结合句意也可以表示发生在“过去的过去”或过去正在进行的动作一直延续到过去的某个时间点，时态为过去完成时或过去完成进行时，主语为The six-year-old Jermaine ，结合主谓一致，故填was saving，had saved或had been saving。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：男孩立即决定用他的血汗钱来帮助他的邻居。设空处为句子的非谓语，固定短语use sth to do sth表示“用某物做某事”，设空处应用动词不定式的形式。故填to help。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他站在附近的一条路边，向撤离者分发薯条、热狗和瓶装水。“我想让他们有东西吃，”他说。“我想做个善良的人，活着就是为了给予。设空处在句中为非谓语，和其逻辑主语Jermaine之间是逻辑的主动关系，应用动词的现在分词的形式作状语。故填handing。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Teenage friendships are fun and can grow into lifelong relationships. A new study, published in the journal Child Development, _____14_____ (show) these early friendships do something else, too: prepare teens ____15____ parenting. The researchers found that the teens who showed more empathy for their close friends were more ____16____ (support) parents in adulthood. Therefore, _____17_____ your friend is struggling, you can practice showing up and trying to understand their perspective. 【答案】14. shows##showed##has showed 15. for 16. supportive 17. when##while##as##if##once 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，早期友谊可以让青少年为后期育儿做好准备。 【14题详解】 考查时态。句意：发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的一项新研究表明，这些早期友谊也有其他作用：让青少年为育儿做好准备。这里考查谓语动词，主语A new study，为第三人称单数形式，与show为主动关系，这里时态可用一般现在时表客观情况，也可用一般过去时表过去情况，也可用现在完成时强调动作对现在的影响。故填shows或者showed或者has showed。 【15题详解】 考查介词。句意：发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的一项新研究表明，这些早期友谊也有其他作用：让青少年为育儿做好准备。这里考查prepare...for，表“为……做准备”，为固定搭配。故填for。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：研究人员发现，对亲密朋友表现出更多同理心的青少年在成年后更支持父母。此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词。supportive，表“支持的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填supportive。 【17题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：因此，当你的朋友遇到困难时，你可以练习露面，试着理解他们的观点。这里考查状语从句，在由句意可知，此空可以填when、while或者as引导时间状语从句；也可以填if或者once引导条件状语从句。故填when或者while或者as或者if或者once。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Food insecurity is defined by the United States Department of Agriculture as the lack of access to enough food for an active, healthy life. It is associated with negative social and health outcomes and ____18____ (consider) a critical public health issue. Key drivers of food insecurity include unemployment, poverty, and income shocks, ____19____ can prevent adequate access to food. Luckily, multiple interventions have been shown to reduce food insecurity, including participation in food assistance _____20_____ (program) and broader societal-level improvements in economic stability. 【答案】18. is considered##considered 19. which 20. programs 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了食品安全的原因以及保障食品安全的措施。 18题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：它与负面的社会和健康结果有关，被认为是一个严重的公共卫生问题。设空处在句中和and前的is associated并列作谓语，和句子的主语之间是被动关系，叙述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，故设空处应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为it，结合主谓一致，应为is considered，其中is可省略。故填is considered/considered。 【19题详解】 考查定语从句的引导词。句意：粮食不安全的主要驱动因素包括失业、贫困和收入冲击，这些因素会阻碍人们获得充足的粮食。设空处引导非限制性的定语从句且在句中作指物的主语，先行词为unemployment, poverty, and income shocks。故填which。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：幸运的是，多种干预措施已被证明可以减少粮食不安全，包括参与粮食援助计划和更广泛的社会层面的经济稳定改善。设空处在句中作介词宾语，应用名词的形式，空前无限定词修饰，应用名词复数的形式。故填programs。 第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Summer Science Program (SSP) is a nonprofit organization that provides an experimental science experience for high school seniors who’ll soon go through college application. As one of the oldest pre-college enrichment programs, SSP is uniquely run by former members of this wonderful community. Their previous experiences with SSP have led them to actively support the program through donations and volunteering. The program structure involves twelve teams guided by a faculty of seven. Students work in teams of three to undertake a hands-on research project, fostering collaboration, challenge, and inclusivity. Over 39 days, these teams dig into their research, forming a close-knit learning community. Admission to SSP is open to high school juniors globally, with a holistic (整体的) approach that values academic excellence and motivation. The program ensures diversity and provides financial aid to all admitted students, making sure talented young people won’ get shut out. The SSP community thrives on cooperative research, offering, a refreshing replacement to competitive school environments. The absence of exams and grades focuses students on personal growth and the establishment of a supportive network with peers and alumni. Research opportunities are available in fields such as Astrophysics, Biochemistry, or Genomics. with each program hosted by a university partner. The curriculum is advanced, paced for college-level understanding, and integrated with the research project. The schedule is packed with learning, guest lectures from professionals, visits to scientifie institutions, and social events, ensuring a well-rounded and enjoyable summer for participants. The SSP experience is not just about science; it’s about personal and communal growth, making it an enriching and memorable program for high school seniors. 21. What is special about SSP? A. It’s operated by former graduates. B. It’s built upon previous experiences. C. It requires recommendations by faculty. D. It provides guidance on college application. 22. To get accepted by SSP, participants need to_______. A. pay a certain sum of fees B. adopt a holistic approach C. be able to design projects D. be excellent in academics 23. At SSP, participants will _______. A. have a few exams to sit B. engage in competitive activities C. get various research opportunities D. attend lectures in scientific institutions 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。暑期科学项目(SSP)是一个非营利组织，为即将申请大学的高中毕业生提供实验科学体验。短文介绍了关于它的相关信息。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“SSP is uniquely run by former members of this wonderful community”（SSP 是由这个社区的前成员独一无二地经营的）可知，SSP的特别之处在于它是由以前的成员运营的。故选A。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Admission to SSP is open to high school juniors globally, with a holistic(整体的) approach that values academic excellence and motivation”（SSP向全球初中生开放，采用全方位的方法，重视学业成绩和学习动机）可知，SSP的录取标准是学术优秀和有动力。故选D。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Research opportunities are available in fields such as Astrophysics, Biochemistry, or Genomics”（研究机会可以在天体物理学、生物化学或基因组学等领域获得）可知，SSP的参与者将有各种研究机会。故选C。 B Years ago, we were living in a big nice house and I was going to the best elementary school in the city with my siblings. We had everything we could have wished for and we were still asking for more. Mr. Sanchez used to mow our lawns. He was very hardworking. Often, he would bring his son that was my age. He had modest toys and modest clothes and he had a hard time fitting in with us mainly because I was too proud to consider him my equal. His name was Cabriel and he was a smart boy, despite all his “shortcomings”. Days went by and we spent our time around each other but without any close connection. Fast forward to a couple of years and my father’s business hit the rock bottom. His partner took away all the money and left the country. Soon we had to leave our big house and settle into a small one and we were having a hard time meeting other expenses. Mr. Sanchez was very kind during that time. He and Gabriel came once a week and helped me and my siblings get things in order. That was when Gabriel and I became good friends. We started talking in the evenings when I learnt he was going to start college and he was much smarter than me. Later we came up with a business plan and founded a start-up. I felt no shame in confessing that Cabriel was much more instrumental in the rise of our company. Later, all of my father’s debt was paid off and we were again a happy, prosperous family. I was a truly rich man because I had a great friend by my side for my whole life. This experience was a valuable lesson for me. It does not take a life experience for people to go from rags to riches or the other way around. What is important is someone’s person and behavior toward his other fellows in real life. 24. What happened to the author’s family in his early years? A. Life expenses went up unexpectedly. B. A financial breakdown hit his family. C. Their house was illegally taken away. D. They lost close connection with others. 25. What changed the author’s attitude towards Gabriel? A. Their partnership in business. B. The proof of Gabriel’s capability. C. The change of his living condition. D. The consistent help from Gabriel. 26. Which of the following words best describe Gabriel? A. Intelligent and loyal. B. Persistent and ambitious. C. Introverted but generous. D. Hardworking but modest. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. Like father, like son. B. Birds of a feather flock together. C. Where there is a will, there is a way. D. Never judge a book by its cover. 【答案】24. B 25. D 26. A 27. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从富裕到贫困再到重新崛起的经历，以及在这个过程中作者和为他家修剪草坪桑切斯先生儿子 Gabriel成为一生朋友的故事。文章强调了人品和行为的重要性。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段“Days went by and we spent our time around each other but without any close connection. Fast forward to a couple of years and my father’s business hit the rock bottom. His partner took away all the money andleft the country. (日子一天天过去，我们在一起，但没有任何密切的联系。快进到几年后，我父亲的生意跌至谷底。他的合伙人拿走了所有的钱，离开了这个国家。)”可知，早年，作者家庭遭遇了经济崩溃。故选B项。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第四段“Mr. Sanchez was very kind during that time. He and Gabriel came once a week and helped me and my siblings get things in order. That was when Gabriel and I became good friends.(桑切斯先生在那段时间非常善良。他和 Gabriel每周来一次，帮我和我的兄弟姐妹把事情安排妥当。就在那时， Gabriel和我成了好朋友。)”可知， Gabriel的持续帮助改变了作者对他的态度。故选D项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第二段“His name was Cabriel and he was a smart boy, despite all his‘shortcomings’.(他的名字叫 Gabriel，尽管他有‘缺点’，但他是个聪明的男孩。)”可知， Gabriel是一个聪明的孩子；再由第五段“Later we came up with a business plan and founded a start-up.I felt no shame in confessing that Cabriel was much more instrumental in the rise of our company.(后来我们想出了一个商业计划，成立了一家初创公司。我毫不羞愧地承认，Gabriel在我们公司的崛起中发挥了更大的作用。)”可知，Gabriel一直陪伴作者身旁奋斗，所以是一个忠诚的人。故选A项。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。由文章最后一段“This experience was a valuable lesson for me. It does not take a life experience for people to go from rags to riches or the other way around. What is important is someone’s person and behavior toward his other fellows in real life.(这段经历对我来说是一个宝贵的教训。人们从赤贫到富裕或从富裕到赤贫，这并不能让我们得到生活经验。重要的是一个人在现实生活中对其他人的态度和行为。)”以及上文可知，文章主要讲作者改变对 Gabriel的看法，最后成为好朋友的故事，所以D项Never judge a book by its cover.(切勿以貌取人。)符合语境。故选D项。 C The vast majority of people have an ongoing conversation with themselves, an inner voice, that plays an important role in their daily lives. But between 5 to 10 percent of the population do not have the experience of an inner voice, and they find it more difficult to perform certain verbal memory tasks, new research shows. Johanne Nedergard from the University of Copenhagen and her colleague Gary Lupyan are the first researchers to investigate whether the lack of an inner voice, or an endophasia as they have coined the condition, has any consequences for how these people solve problems, for example how they perform verbal memory tasks. People who reported that they either experienced a high degree of inner voice or very little inner voice in everyday life were subjected to one experiment that aimed to determine whether there was a difference in their ability to remember language input and one about their ability to find rhyme words. The first experiment involved the participants remembering words in order— words that were similar, either phonetically or in spelling, e. g. “bought” “caught”. The participants without an inner voice were significantly worse at remembering the words. The same applied to an assignment in which the participants had to determine whether a pair of pictures contained words that rhyme,e. g. pictures of a sock and a clock. Here, too, it is crucial to be able to repeat the words in order to compare their sounds and thus determine whether they rhyme. According to Nedergard, the differences in verbal memory that they have identified in their experiments will not be noticed in ordinary everyday conversations. And the question is, does not having an inner voice hold any practical or behavioral significance? So far, the researchers are not sure because they are only on the very beginning of a whole process of study. But there is one field where they suspect that having an inner voice plays a role, and that is therapy; in the widely used cognitive behavioral therapy, for example, you need to identify and change adverse thought patterns, and having an inner voice may be very important in such a process. However, it is still uncertain whether differences in the experience of an inner voice are related to how people respond to different types of therapy. Nedergard said she would like to continue her research to find out whether other language areas are affected if you do not have an inner voice. 28. What does the underlined word”coined“in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Assessed. B. Revised. C. Created. D. Discovered. 29. The researchers use the pictures of a sock and a clock to _____. A. display how people pick up different words B. see how people differ in degrees of inner voice C. explain why some participants can repeat words D. assess a group’s ability to remember words in order. 30. Nedergard will probably agree that people without an inner voice ______. A. have poorer verbal memory B. show traits in daily conversations C. can obtain it through training D. have serious problems in learning 【答案】28. C 29. B 30. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。绝大多数人都与自己进行持续的对话，内心的声音在他们的日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。研究人员通过研究想知道这种内心对话的作用和意义。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。“the lack of an inner voice”和“an endophasia”是意义一致的，再根据划线单词后的condition可知，endophasia是研究人员研究“缺乏内心的声音”时创造的条件，所以划线单词的意义为“创造”，与C项“Created”意义一致。故选C项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“People who reported that they either experienced a high degree of inner voice or very little inner voice in everyday life were subjected to one experiment that aimed to determine whether there was a difference in their ability to remember language input and one about their ability to find rhyme words.(那些报告自己在日常生活中经历过高度内心声音或很少内心声音的人接受了一项实验，旨在确定他们记忆语言输入的能力和寻找押韵词的能力是否存在差异。)”和第四段的实验“The first experiment involved the participants remembering words in order— words that were similar, either phonetically or in spelling, e. g. “bought” “caught”. The participants without an inner voice were significantly worse at remembering the words. The same applied to an assignment in which the participants had to determine whether a pair of pictures contained words that rhyme, e. g. pictures of a sock and a clock. Here, too, it is crucial to be able to repeat the words in order to compare their sounds and thus determine whether they rhyme.(在第一个实验中，参与者按顺序记住发音或拼写相似的单词，例如“bought”和“caught”。没有内心声音的参与者在记忆单词方面明显更差。在另一项任务中，参与者必须确定一组图片是否包含押韵的单词，例如袜子和时钟的图片。在这里，能够重复单词也是至关重要的，这样可以比较它们的发音，从而确定它们是否押韵。)”可以推论出，研究人员使用袜子和时钟的图片是为了看看人们在内心对话方面如何不同。故选B项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中Nedergard做的实验“The first experiment involved the participants remembering words in order— words that were similar, either phonetically or in spelling, e. g. “bought” “caught” . The participants without an inner voice were significantly worse at remembering the words.(在第一个实验中，参与者按顺序记住发音或拼写相似的单词，例如“bought”和“caught”。没有内心声音的参与者在记忆单词方面明显更差。)”可以推论出，Nedergard可能会同意没有内心声音的人言语记忆较差。故选A项。 D Nature vs. Nurture Curiosity has always been one of the most innate and prevailing qualities of humankind. Our endless pursuit of truth and reasons has resulted in a lot of crucial discoveries in the world. However, the more we uncover the world, the more we end up generating more questions to answer. Out of all the wonders of the world, human psychology is deemed to be one of the most controversial. The complexity of the mind and its reflection on human behavior has been a subject of many studies and debates. One of the oldest and, still, most talked about an argument in psychology is the nature against nurture debate. Nature refers to the biological structure and processes that determine a person’s physical and behavioral attributes. Due to the advancement of genetics, scientists have uncovered that physical traits such as eye color, hair type, height, and life expectancy of a person can strongly be related to the genetic makeup. These discoveries have led to the speculation that most psychological characteristics like intellect, personality, and language acquisition ability are already pre-wired to our system through our genetic pattern. In contrast, nurture theory suggests that behavior is honed from socio-cultural factors. This theory is guided by John Locke’s “blank slate” theory, which refers to the idea that the human mind, in its primal state, is a blank slate that is gradually filled in with information derived from direct and indirect experiences. This theory states people’s characteristics and behavioral diversity attend results of social and cultural influences encountered during their development. The term Nature vs. Nurture debate was put forward by Sir Francis Galton, who believed that intellect is a quantifiable and hereditary (遗传的) human trait. He also believed that intellect can be passed from generation to generation. Thus, people with high intelligence have a major chance of having highly intellectual offspring, while people having lower than average intellect are more likely to have low intellectual offspring. However , the believers of nurture theory believed that intellectual ability attends the result of inequalities in access to resources and opportunities. Thus, intellect is not a product of heredity but more of a result of the social construct. Countless research and experimentation have been conducted to put an end to the seemingly endless debate. Psychologists and researchers of the present already embrace the idea that a person’s character is highly influenced by his genetic makeup and the environment. The years of labored research on nature and nurture theory finally have born fruits. Technology and research have expanded a better understanding of the human personality and mind, and will just continuously do as time passes by. 31. Why does the author mention “curiosity” in the first paragraph? A. To predict the research results. B. To emphasize the importance of exploring. C. To lead to the argument of nature against nurture. D. To raise the reader’s interest in the theory of nature. 32. What does John Locke’s “blank slate” theory suggest? A. Human mind is always blank. B. People’s behaviors are learned. C. Behavior is determined genetically. D. Culture has little influence on human. 33. What is the attitude of Sir Francis Galton towards the theory of nurture? A Disapproving. B. Supportive. C. Neutral. D. Cautious. 34. Which of the following might the author agree with? A. The theory of nature is not accepted by the public. B. The theory of nurture is based on the theory of nature. C. The supporters of the two theories agree with each other. D. The theory of nature and the theory of nurture both make sense. 【答案】31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了关于人性的先天论与后天论的争论。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The complexity of the mind and its reflection on human behavior has been a subject of many studies and debates. One of the oldest and, still, most talked about an argument in psychology is the nature against nurture debate.(心灵的复杂性及其在人类行为上的反映一直是许多研究和争论的主题。在心理学中最古老也是至今仍最被热议的一个论题就是先天与教养的辩论)”可知，文章开头提到好奇心是为了引出人类对世界真理的追求，最终导向对人类心理复杂性的探讨，从而引入“先天与教养”的辩论主题，作者在第一段中提到“好奇心”是为了引出关于天性与教养辩论的探讨。故选C。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“This theory is guided by John Locke’s “blank slate” theory, which refers to the idea that the human mind, in its primal state, is a blank slate that is gradually filled in with information derived from direct and indirect experiences. This theory states people’s characteristics and behavioral diversity attend results of social and cultural influences encountered during their development.(这一理论是以约翰·洛克的“白板说”为指导的，该学说认为人的大脑在最初状态时是一块白板，会逐渐通过直接和间接的经验填充信息。这一理论认为，人们的特性和行为多样性是他们在成长过程中所遇到的社会和文化影响的结果)”可知，“白板说”强调的是人们的行为是通过学习获得的。故选B。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The term Nature vs. Nurture debate was put forward by Sir Francis Galton, who believed that intellect is a quantifiable and hereditary (遗传的) human trait. He also believed that intellect can be passed from generation to generation.(“先天与教养”的辩论这一术语是由弗朗西斯·高尔顿提出的，他认为智力是一种可量化的并且可以遗传的人类特质。他也相信智力可以从一代传给另一代)”及“However , the believers of nurture theory believed that intellectual ability attends the result of inequalities in access to resources and opportunities. Thus, intellect is not a product of heredity but more of a result of the social construct.(然而，教养理论的支持者认为，智力能力是由于获取资源和机会不平等的结果。因此，智力并不是遗传的产物，而是更多地源于社会建构的结果)”可知，弗朗西斯·高尔顿对教养理论持反对态度，因为他更强调智力的遗传性和可遗传性。故选A。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Psychologists and researchers of the present already embrace the idea that a person’s character is highly influenced by his genetic makeup and the environment. (现在的心理学家和研究者们已经接受了这样一个观点：一个人的性格受到其基因构成和环境的极大影响)”可知，作者认为天性和教养的理论都具有一定的道理，因为它们都在某种程度上影响着人类的性格和行为。故选D。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Why Does Norm Matter? Simply put, a norm is a rule that guides behavior among members of a society or group. Norms are social facts: things which exist in society independent of individuals, and that shape our thoughts and behavior. _____35_____. While we can understand norms simply as rules that tell us what we should or shouldn’t do, there’s much more to them that sociologists find interesting and worthy of study. For example, sociological focus is often directed at how norms are disseminated — how we come to learn them. The process of socialization is guided by norms and taught to us by those around us, including our families, teachers, and authority figures from religion, politics, law, and popular culture._____36_____ We do this a lot as children, but we also do it as adults in unfamiliar spaces, among new groups of people, or in places we visit for this time. Learning the norms of any given space or group allows us to function in that setting, and to be accepted by those present. As knowledge of how to operate in the world, norms are an important part of the cultural capital that each of us possesses and embodies. They are, in fact, cultural products and are culturally contextual, and they only exist if we realize them in our thought and behavior. For the most part, norms are things that we take for granted and spend little time thinking about, but they become highly visible and conscious when they are broken._____37_____ We abide them because we know that they exist and that we will face sanctions if we break them. _____38_____. If a person cuts the line or drops something that makes a mess and does nothing in response, others present might sanction their behavior visually with eye contact and facial expressions, or verbally. Because they guide our behavior, and when broken, they enlist a reaction that is meant to reaffirm them and their cultural importance. They allow us to live our lives with an understanding of what we can expect from those around us. _____39_____ Without norms, our world would be in chaos, and we wouldn’t know how to navigate it. A. This would be a form of social approval. B. As such, they have a forcing power over us. C. Some norms can lead to serious social problems. D. The everyday enforcement of them though is mostly unseen. E. In many cases they allow us to feel safe and secure, and to operate at ease. F. We learn them through spoken and written directive, but also through observing those around us. G. They operate in our subconscious, and we don’t think consciously about them unless they are broken. 【答案】35. B 36. F 37. D 38. G 39. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。具体介绍了规范的特点和作用。 【35题详解】 根据上句“Norms are social facts: things which exist in society independent of individuals, and that shape our thoughts and behavior. (规范是社会事实:独立于个人存在于社会中的事物，它塑造了我们的思想和行为。)”可知，设空处承接上句，继续说明规范的作用，B项：As such, they have a forcing power over us.(因此，他们对我们有一种强迫的力量。)合乎题意，其中“they”指代上句的“norms”。故选B。 【36题详解】 根据上句“The process of socialization is guided by norms and taught to us by those around us, including our families, teachers, and authority figures from religion, politics, law, and popular culture (社会化的过程受到规范的引导，并由我们周围的人教给我们，包括我们的家庭、老师、宗教、政治、法律和流行文化中的权威人物)”设空处承接上句，说明学习规范的方式，F项：We learn them through spoken and written directive, but also through observing those around us.(我们通过口头和书面指示来学习它们，但也通过观察我们周围的人来学习。)承接上文，合乎题意。故选F。 【37题详解】 根据上句“For the most part, norms are things that we take for granted and spend little time thinking about, but they become highly visible and conscious when they are broken (在大多数情况下，规范是我们认为理所当然的事情，很少花时间去思考，但当它们被打破时，它们变得非常明显和有意识)”以及后句“We abide them because we know that they exist and that we will face sanctions if we break them.(我们遵守它们，因为我们知道它们是存在的，如果我们违反它们，我们将面临制裁。)”可知，设空处和上句构成转折关系并介绍规范的日常执行的特点，D项：The everyday enforcement of them though is mostly unseen.(然而，它们的日常执行大多是看不见的。)合乎题意。故选D。 38题详解】 设空处位于段首，为段落主题句，根据后文“If a person cuts the line or drops something that makes a mess and does nothing in response, others present might sanction their behavior visually with eye contact and facial expressions, or verbally. (如果一个人插队或把东西弄得一团糟，却不做任何回应，在场的其他人可能会通过眼神交流、面部表情或语言来惩罚他们的行为。)”具体举例说明规范在潜意识中运作，G项：They operate in our subconscious, and we don’t think consciously about them unless they are broken.(它们在我们的潜意识中运作，除非它们被打破，否则我们不会有意识地去思考它们)总结本段，合乎题意。故选G。 【39题详解】 根据上句“They allow us to live our lives with an understanding of what we can expect from those around us. (他们让我们在生活中了解我们可以从周围的人那里得到什么。)”设空处承接上句，说明规范的作用。E项：In many cases they allow us to feel safe and secure, and to operate at ease.(在很多情况下，它们让我们感到安全，让我们安心地操作。)合乎题意。故选E。 第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 In April 2021，my grandparents’ lives were turned upside down instantly. A car drove into their home, literally. The vehicle went through the front wall of their home, through the living room, and then hit the border between the living room and kitchen. My grandfather was standing in front of the refrigerator; the car hitting the wall threw him across the kitchen. He was in serious condition and unable to walk. We were all so worried about him. How would he deal with something so awful happening at his age? But what surprised everyone was how positive my grandfather remained throughout the entire thing. He was grateful he was alive when the accident could have quickly taken his life. He taught us that even when life gets you down you have to be grateful for the things you do have rather than dwelling on the things you don’t have. Even though he could not walk or function as he had previously, my grandpa found ways to become satisfied: such as reading his favorite newspaper or receiving a call from a friend or family member. He was grateful for the kind nurses, physical therapists, and other medical personnel who saved his life and helped him recover. When something so life-changing happens to a close family member, it puts life into perspective and makes you thankful for the little things in life. Meanwhile, all the little things that used to stress us out suddenly don’t matter in the large scheme of things. Anything can happen, and finding things that make you happy every day is essential. 40. What happened to the author’s grandpa in April 2021? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why was grandfather grateful for the accident? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The author has found inspiration from his grandpa and realized that we should be thankful for the little things because they matter in the large scheme of things. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Please describe something you have learnt from a special event.(In about 40 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. A car drove into his home and threw him across the kitchen. 41. He had a belief that you have to be grateful for things you do have rather than dwelling on the things you don’t have. 42. The author has found inspiration from his grandpa and realized that we should be thankful for the little things because they matter in the large scheme of things. According to the passage， the author has found inspiration from his grandpa and realized we should be thankful for the little things because they don’t matter in the large scheme of things. 43. By participating in a cultural exchange program, l’ve learned that embracing diversity enriches our understanding of the world and fosters empathy and global-mindedness.This experience has been profoundly meaningful, highlighting the value of open-mindedness and the beauty in our interconnectedness. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了爷爷的做事方式对作者的影响。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解题。根据第一段“A car drove into their home, literally.”（ 一辆车开进了他们家，真的。）以及根据第二段“the car hitting the wall threw him across the kitchen.”（汽车撞在墙上，把他从厨房那边抛了出去。）可知，一辆汽车开进祖父的家，把他从厨房扔抛了出去。故回答为：A car drove into his home and threw him across the kitchen. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解题。根据第三段“He taught us that even when life gets you down, you have to be grateful for the things you do have rather than dwelling on the things you don’t have. ”（他教导我们，即使生活让你失望，你也要对你已经拥有的东西心存感激，而不是老想着你没有的东西。）可知，祖父对这次事故心存感激的原因是他有一个信念，你必须对你已经拥有的东西心存感激，而不是纠结于你没有的东西。故回答为：He had a belief that you have to be grateful for things you do have rather than dwelling on the things you don’t have. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解题。根据最后一段“Meanwhile, all the little things that used to stress us out suddenly don’t matter in the large scheme of things.”（与此同时，所有过去让我们感到压力的小事情突然变得无关紧要。）可知，根据这篇文章，作者从他的爷爷那里找到了灵感，并意识到我们应该对小事情心存感激，因为它们在大局中并不重要。故because they matter in the large scheme of things，错误。故回答为：The author has found inspiration from his grandpa and realized that we should be thankful for the little things because they matter in the large scheme of things. According to the passage, the author has found inspiration from his grandpa and realized we should be thankful for the little things because they don’t matter in the large scheme of things. 【43题详解】 考查开放性阅读表达。根据问题要求：请描述你从一个特殊事件中学到的东西。通过参加文化交流项目，我了解到拥抱多样性丰富了我们对世界的理解，培养了同理心和全球意识。这次经历意义深远，凸显了开放思想的价值和我们相互联系的美好。故回答为；By participating in a cultural exchange program, l’ve learned that embracing diversity enriches our understanding of the world and fosters empathy and global-mindedness.This experience has been profoundly meaningful, highlighting the value of open-mindedness and the beauty in our interconnectedness. 第二节(20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。中秋节临近，你的学校将举行一系列庆祝活动。请你给正在中国旅游的英国好友Jim写封邮件，内容包括： 1.庆祝活动安排; 2.邀请他参加。 注意：1.词数100左右; 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim， _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I hope you are enjoying your trip in China! As the Mid-Autumn Festival approaches, I am glad to tell you that our school is organizing a series of festive events. These activities will take place at our school on September 17th.We have planned a lantern-making workshop, a traditional Chinese opera performance, and a moon-cake tasting event, which is a wonderful chance to immerse yourself in Chinese traditions and culture. I would be absolutely thrilled if you could join us for these celebrations. Please let me know if you can make it, and I’ll send you more details. Yours， Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于邀请信。中秋节临近，你的学校将举行一系列庆祝活动，要求考生给正在中国旅游的英国好友Jim写封邮件，介绍活动并邀请其来参加。 【详解】1.词汇积累 发生：happen →take place 到来：come → approach 激动的：exciting → thrilled 快乐的：happy → glad 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：These activities will take place at our school on September 17th. 拓展句：It is on September 17th that these activities will take place at our school. 【点睛】【高分句型1】We have planned a lantern-making workshop, a traditional Chinese opera performance, and a mooncake tasting event, which is a wonderful chance to immerse yourself in Chinese traditions and culture.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】As the Mid-Autumn Festival approaches, I am glad to tell you that our school is organizing a series of festive events.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句以及that引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$