Unit2 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．　astronaut　 n．宇航员，航天员 2．　gravity　 n．重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃 3．　float　 vi.飘动，漂流；浮 vt.使浮动，使漂流 4．　ceiling　 n．天花板；上限 5．　bother　 vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n．麻烦，困难 6．　mission　 n．任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务 7．　creature　 n．动物，生物；人 8．　circumstance　 n．条件，状况；(pl.)境况，(尤指)经济状况 9．　visible　 adj.看得见的；明显的 10．　furthermore　 adv.此外，再者 11．　vital　 adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 12．　discipline　 vt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n．训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力 13．　leisure　 n．闲暇，空闲 14．　crew　 n．全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队 15．　permanent　 adj.永久的，永恒的 16．　altogether　 adv.完全；总共；总之 17．　kit　 n．成套设备，成套工具；配套元件 拓展词汇 18．　absence　 n．缺乏，不存在；缺席→　absent　 adj.缺席的，不在的 19．　occupy　 vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于→　occupation　 n．职业；占用；消遣；占领期 20．　evaluate　 vt.评估，估计，评价→　evaluation　 n．评估，估计，评价 21．　maintenance　 n．维护，保养；维持，保持→　maintain　 vt.维持；保持；维修 22．　exposure　 n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道→　expose　 vt.揭露，揭穿；使曝光；使面临 23．　luxury　 n．不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品→　luxurious　 adj.十分舒适的；奢侈的 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．　come to an end　　结束 2．　differ from　　不同于 3．　due to　　由于 4．　float away　　漂走 5．　attach to　　连接到；附在 6．　conduct scientific research　　进行科学研究 7．　as well as　　以及；此外；除……之外 8．　carry out experiments　　开展实验 9．　cast new light on　　使进一步了解…… 10．　lead to　　导致，造成(后果) 11．　do some cleaning　　打扫卫生 12．　take place　　发生 13．　in the circumstances　　在这种情况下，既然如此 14．　protect sb from　　保护某人不受…… 15．　in view of　　鉴于，考虑到 16．　a balanced supply of　　……的均衡供应 17．　be of vital importance to　　对……至关重要 18．　stop sb from doing sth　　阻止某人做某事 19．　during one's leisure time　　在某人的闲暇时间 20．　at a speed of　　以……的速度 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．　Tired as they were　，they walked on. 他们虽然累了，但还是继续往前走。 2．He always tries to overcome difficulties. 　That is why　 he has always succeeded where others have failed. 他总是努力克服困难，那就是为什么他总是在别人失败的地方成功。 3．In sum, 　considering foreign viewers' curiosity　 about China, the popularity of such films among foreigners is no coincidence. 总而言之，考虑到一些外国观众对中国的好奇心，这类电影在外国人中受欢迎并不是巧合。 Ⅰ.Read the passage and choose the best answers. 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．The importance of space exploration. B．How the writer became an astronaut. C．An astronaut's daily life in space. D．The differences and similarities between life on the Earth and in space. 2．Where do astronauts usually sleep in space? A．In large cupboards. B．In sleeping bags. C．On the walls. D．On the ceiling. 3．Which of the following is NOT astronauts' routine task? A．Evaluate the effects of low gravity on animals and plants. B．Send creatures such as mice, fish and mosquitoes to the station. C．Check the space station's support systems and do some cleaning. D．Learn about changes in cells and microorganisms in a low­gravity environment. 4．What is the function of spacesuits when astronauts are outside the space station? A．Helping astronauts enjoy the splendid view of the Earth. B．Protecting astronauts from potential risks, such as the cold and radiation. C．Offering astronauts necessary food and drink. D．Giving astronauts instructions on how to perform tasks. 5．Which of following is TRUE about astronauts' eating on the space station? A．Astronauts can't eat any fresh fruit or vegetables. B．There are no salt or pepper in astronauts' eating. C.For astronauts, food in liquid forms is easy to control. D．Taking pills can offer astronauts a balanced supply of nutrients. 6．How do astronauts feel at their leisure time? A．Satisfied. B．Bored. C．Disappointed. D．Nervous. 答案　1—6　CBCBDA Ⅱ.Complete the passage according to the text. Living in space is a challenging but magical adventure. People would love to know 1.　what　 daily life is like in space and how it differs from that on the Earth. Due to the near 2.　absence　 (absent) of gravity in space, the astronauts have to attach themselves so that they don't float around. Their main task is to conduct scientific research and with the space station 3.　needing　 (need) a lot of maintenance, they 4.　constantly　 (constant) check support systems and do some cleaning. The most 5.　challenging　 (challenge) work is to perform tasks outside the space station and in the circumstances, it's time for a spacewalk. 6.　In　 view of the low­gravity environment, eating is also different in space with most food dried or freeze­dried and they must drink water through 7.　a　 thin tube of plastic from a bag. Exercise is of vital importance to their health and they have to be tied onto special exercise equipment 8.　to stop　 (stop) themselves from floating around. During 9.　their　 (they) leisure time, they like to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch the Earth go by, 10.　taking　 (take) pictures for their family and friends. [重点词汇] 1．absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席 (1)absence of mind　心不在焉 in one's absence　在某人不在时 in the absence of　由于缺乏 (2)absent adj.　缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的 be absent from　不参加；缺席 absent­minded adj.　心不在焉的；健忘的 True ignorance is not the absence of knowledge, but the refusal to acquire it. 真正的无知不是知识的缺乏，而是拒绝获取知识。 [名师点津]　be absent from的反义词组为be present at(出席的；在场的)；absence的反义词为presence(出席；到场)。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Peter's 　absence　 (absent) of mind during driving nearly caused an accident. ②　In　 the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. ③He was absent 　from　 my birthday party last weekend. 2．bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n．麻烦，困难 (1)bother sb with/about sth　用某事打扰某人 (2)bother费心做某事 The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me. 我们知道什么和不知道什么这个问题一直困扰着我。 [易混辨析] bother 指的是麻烦、拜托别人去做某件可能对方不乐意的事情。 disturb 指的是别人在专心做某件事情，或者是在休息的时候，去打扰了对方。 [即学活用] 选词填空(bother，disturb) ①I'm sorry to 　bother　 you at this time of night. ②I'll see my patient now and we are not to be 　disturbed　. 完成句子 ③My older brother 　couldn't be bothered　 to play with me. 我哥哥懒得和我一起玩。 ④He didn't 　bother to answer/answering　 these easy questions. 他懒得回答这些简单的问题。 ⑤I have enough to deal with; don't 　bother me with　 your personal problems. 我的事已经够多了；不要再拿你的个人问题来打扰我。 3．occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于 (1) 使某人或自己忙于(做)某事 忙于(做)某事 (2)occupation n.　工作，职业；占领，占用 As the final examinations draw near, we begin to occupy ourselves with the review of the term's work. ＝As the final examinations draw near, we begin to occupy ourselves in reviewing the term's work. ＝As the final examinations draw near, we are occupied with the review of the term's work. ＝As the final examinations draw near, we are occupied in reviewing the term's work. 随着期末考试的临近，我们开始忙于复习这学期的功课。 [联想发散]　“忙于(做)某事”的其他表达有：be busy/engaged with sth; be busy/engaged (in) doing sth等。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①　Occupied　 (occupy) in a very important experiment, he would not attend the party. ②It is good manners not to disturb others when they are occupied 　with　 their work. 完成句子 ③Her speech 　occupied three hours　. 她的演说占用了3个小时。 句型转换 ④Mrs Green occupies herself in looking after her three children. →Mrs Green 　is occupied in looking　 after her three children. 4．cast new light on使进一步了解…… cast down　使沮丧；使下降；推翻 cast off　摆脱；抛弃；解开(缆绳等) cast sb in the role of...　选某人演……角色 Recent research has cast new light on the causes of the disease. 近来的研究已使人们进一步了解了这种疾病的起因。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①Finding out the truth 　made him cast down　. 发现真相使他很沮丧。 ②The town is still trying to 　cast off its dull image　. 该镇仍在努力改变自己的单调形象。 ③The actor was 　cast in the role of hero　. 这个演员被选中扮演英雄的角色。 5．exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道 expose v.　使遭受(危险或不快)；使接触；显露；揭露 expose...to...　使……接触……；暴露……给…… be exposed to...　被暴露于……，处于……的危险中 (2021·浙江卷6月)Many people in China have limited exposure to English. 在中国许多人对英语的接触有限。 [名师点津]　expose...to...和be exposed to...中的to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when 　exposed　 (expose) to daylight. ②He didn't want to expose his fears and insecurity 　to　 anyone. ③As we know, the color fades when 　exposed　 (expose) to light. ④　Exposing　 (expose) yourself to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin. 6．altogether adv.完全；总共；总之 (1)表示“总共，一共”，相当于in all/in total，用来说明数量(可放在数字之前或之后，句首、句中或句末)。 (2)表示“完全，全部”，可修饰动词、形容词、副词等。 (3)表示“总的说来，总之”，通常置于句首，相当于in a word。 Altogether, it was a delightful town garden, peaceful and secluded. 总之，这是一个赏心悦目的城市花园，安静而幽僻。 [名师点津] (1)all together是副词短语，意为“全体一起，全部在一起”，强调同时或在同一地点。 (2) altogether“完全，全部”，与completely，entirely，fully, wholly等为近义词，用于否定句时，表示部分否定。 [即学活用] 写出下列句中altogether的含义 ①You owe me￡68 altogether.　　总共，一共　 ②How come you forget it altogether？　　完全　 ③Lots of sunshine，wonderful food, and amazing night life. Altogether, it was a great vacation.　　总之　 完成句子 ④Put the plates 　all together　 in the sink. 把盘子全部放在水池里 ⑤I 　don't altogether　 agree with you. 我不完全同意你的意见。 [重点句型] 1．　It's strange that　 we try to sleep with no pressure against our back, but the unusual beds don't bother us any more. 试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。 [句式分析] 本句中It's strange that...意为“……是奇怪的”，that引导的从句是真正的主语，it是形式主语。 How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination. (how much引导主语从句) 我们将从望远镜中学到多少仅仅取决于我们的想象力。 That the space mission went so well was beyond our expectations.(that引导主语从句) 太空任务进行得如此顺利，超出了我们的预期。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①　It is a pity that　(很遗憾)we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. ②　That you are coming to London　(你将来伦敦) is the best news I have heard this long time. 2．　Splendid as the view of the Earth is　， spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. 虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。 [句式分析] as引导让步状语从句时，从句中常用部分倒装，此时as可替换为though，其构成主要有以下几种： (1)名词＋as/though＋主语＋动词 (2)形容词＋as/though＋主语＋动词 (3)副词＋as/though＋主语＋动词 (4)动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋助动词 (5)分词＋as/though＋主语＋动词 [名师点津]　as引导让步状语从句必须用倒装语序，though引导让步状语从句时，可以倒装，也可以不倒装，although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①　Much as I like it　 (尽管我很喜欢它)，I will not buy it. ②　Beautiful as the necklace was　 (尽管这条项链很漂亮)，we thought it was over priced. ③　Try as you may　， you won't be able to persuade him. 尽管你想方设法，但你说服不了他。 ④　Child as/though my son is　，he knows to help me. 我儿子虽是个孩子，但却知道帮助我。 句型转换 ⑤Although they were tired, they stayed up preparing the report. →　Tired as/though they were　，they stayed up preparing the report.(用倒装语序) 3．　That's why　 every spacewalk is carefully planned. 那就是为什么每次太空行走都是精心计划的。 [句式分析] That's why...意为“那就是为什么……”，why引导表语从句，强调结果。 (1)That/This is because...意为“那/这是因为……”，强调原因。 (2)The reason why...is that...意为“……的原因是……”，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①From space, the earth looks blue. This is 　because　 about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water. ②The reason 　why　 I ask to be a volunteer is 　that　 I can spread Chinese culture and make the world understand China better. ③Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is 　why　 what triggers one person may or may not trigger another. 4．　Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body　， we dis­cipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day. 考虑到低重力对人体的这些负面影响，我们要求自己每天至少锻炼两个小时。 [句式分析] considering意为“考虑到，就，……而言，鉴于”，后接条件状语从句。表示相同用法的还有： given that...　假如，考虑到，既然 seeing (that)...　鉴于，考虑到 provided/providing (that)...　如果，假设，在……条件下 suppose/supposing (that)...　假定，假设，设想 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Given 　that　 they're inexperienced, they've done a good job. ②　Considering　 (consider) his ability and experience, he might have done better. ③　Seeing　 (see) that it is eight o'clock, we'll wait no longer. 完成句子 ④　Providing/Provided/Supposing/Suppose (that)　 you were failing in the coming exam, what should you do? 万一你在即将来临的考试中失败，你该怎么办？ [随堂演练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．He was desperately eager to be back after more than a week's 　absence　 (absent) from school. 2．For the first time in three years, they actually had the 　luxury　 (luxurious) of a whole day together. 3．All the candidates have been getting an enormous amount of 　exposure　 (expose) on television and in the press. 4．It's not worth 　bothering　 (bother) with an umbrella—the car's just outside. 5．I've been told only half of the rooms of the hotel are 　occupied　 (occupy) at the moment. 6．In their 　evaluation　 (evaluate) of the project, they considered only certain aspects of it. 7．The teacher's analysis of the problem cast new light 　on　 the solution to it for us. 8．With more importance 　attached　 (attach) to traditional culture these years, hanfu has become increasingly popular. 9．Agriculture is vital 　to/for　 a nation's economy and the people's livelihood. 10．The project was running late owing to unforeseen 　circumstances　 (circumstance). Ⅱ.完成句子 1．我虽然佩服他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。 (as引导倒装句) 　Much as I admire his courage　， I don't think he acted wisely. 2．他的发现对我们国家的未来非常重要。(be ＋of＋抽象名词) His discovery 　is of great importance　 to our country in the future. 3．我正在努力学习，以便能赶上我的同学。(so that) I'm studying hard 　so that I can catch up with　 my classmates. 4．我两周没上学了，落下不少功课。这就是我努力学习的原因。(that's why...) I haven't been to school for two weeks and have missed a lot of lessons. 　That's why　 I'm working hard at my lessons. 5．新年快到了，学生们正忙着准备有关的一切。(with复合结构) 　With the new year coming　， students are busy preparing everything concerned. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$