Unit2 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第一册（译林版2020）

[限时检测] [限时30分钟] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A How to deal with waste has been a problem since humans started producing it.As more and more people choose to live close together in cities，the waste­disposal problem becomes increasingly difficult. During the eighteenth century，it was usual for several neighboring towns to get together to select a faraway spot as a dump site.Residents or trash haulers(垃圾拖运者)would transport household rubbish，rotted wood，and old possessions to the site.Periodically some of the trash was burned and the rest was buried.The unpleasant sights and smells caused no problem because nobody lived close by. Factories，mills，and other industrial sites also had waste to be disposed of.Those located on rivers often just dumped the unwanted remains into the water.Others built huge burners with chimneys to deal with the problem. Several facts make these choices unacceptable to modern society.The first problem is space.Dumps，which are now called landfills，are most needed in heavily populated areas.Such areas rarely have empty land suitable for this purpose.Property is either too expensive or too close to residential neighborhoods.Long­distance trash hauling has been a common practice，but once farm areas are refusing to accept rubbish from elsewhere，cheap land within trucking distance of major city areas is almost nonexistent. Awareness of pollution dangers has led to more strict rules of waste disposal.Pollution of rivers，ground water，land and air is a price people can no longer pay to get rid of waste.The amount of waste，however，continues to grow. Recycling efforts have become commonplace，and many towns require their people to take part.Even the most efficient recycling programs，however，can hope to deal with only about 50 per cent of a city's reusable waste. [语篇解读]　本文主要讲述了如何处理垃圾成了人们日益关注的问题。 1．The most suitable title for this passage would be________． A．Places for Disposing Waste B．Waste Disposal Problem C．Ways of Getting Rid of Waste D．Waste Pollution Dangers 解析　主旨大意题。文章主要讨论垃圾处理的问题，而A项“处理垃圾的地点”、C项“处理垃圾的方式”和D项“垃圾污染的危害”都是垃圾处理问题的一个方面，不能以偏概全。故选B。 答案　B 2．During the 18th century，people disposed their waste in many ways EXCEPT________． A．recycling it B．burying it C．burning it D．throwing it into rivers 解析　细节理解题。recycle意为“循环利用”。对于垃圾的循环利用是近年才开始的一项技术，18世纪的时候是没有的。文章二、三段明确提到B、C、D三种垃圾处理方法。故选A。 答案　A 3．What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph? A．Farm areas accept waste from the city in modern society. B．There is cheap land to bury waste in modern society. C．Ways to deal with waste in modern society stay the same. D．It is impossible to find space to bury waste in modern society. 解析　细节理解题。文章第四段提到landfills(垃圾掩埋法)和long­distance trash hauling(垃圾长途拖运)，可见现代社会人们所使用的垃圾处理方法还和以前一样。故选C。 答案　C 4．The main purpose of writing this article is to　________　. A．tell people a better way to get rid of the waste B．warn people of the pollution dangers we are facing C．call on people to take part in recycling programs D．draw people's attention to waste management 解析　推理判断题。文章主要讨论垃圾处理的问题，因而目的是让人们关注垃圾处理的问题。故选D。 答案　D B My First Marathon A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet，I was determined to go ahead. I remember back to my 7th year in school.In my first P．E.class，the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball.I didn't do either well.He later informed me that I was “not athletic”． The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years.When I started running in my 30s，I realized running was a battle against myself，not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.It was all about the battle against my own body and mind.A test of wills! The night before my marathon，I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line.I woke up sweating and nervous，but ready to prove something to myself. Shortly after crossing the start line，my shoe laces(鞋带)became untied.So I stopped to readjust.Not the start I wanted! At mile 3，I passed a sign：“GO FOR IT，RUNNERS！” By mile 17，I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.Despite the pain，I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again. By mile 21，I was starving! As I approached mile 23，I could see my wife waving a sign.She is my biggest fan.She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a．m.or questioned my expenses on running. I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished！And I got a medal.In fact，I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. Determined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels (世俗标签)，I can now call myself a “marathon winner”． [语篇解读]　本文是一篇故事类文章。作者记叙了没有运动天赋的他，在20多岁才开始长跑，但是一次在跑马拉松比赛前夕踝关节受伤，但他坚持不懈，最终实现了自我的故事。 5．A month before the marathon，the author　________　. A．was well trained B．felt scared C．made up his mind to run D．lost hope 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Yet，I was determined to go ahead”可知，作者在马拉松前一个月下定决心要参加马拉松比赛。故选C。 答案　C 6．Why did the author mention the P．E.class in his 7th year? A．To acknowledge the support of his teacher. B．To amuse the readers with a funny story. C．To show he was not talented in sports. D．To share a precious memory. 解析　写作意图题。根据文章第二段中的He later informed me that I was “not athletic”可知，作者的经历证明他在运动方面并非很有天赋。故选C。 答案　C 7．How was the author's first marathon? A．He made it. B．He quit halfway. C．He got the first prize. D．He walked to the end. 解析　细节理解题。 根据文章倒数第二段“I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished！And I got a medal.”可知，虽然作者是最后一批到达的选手但是他跑完了全程。 答案　A 8．What does the story mainly tell us? A．A man owes his success to his family support. B.A winner is one with a great effort of will. C．Failure is the mother of success. D．One is never too old to learn. 解析　主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段Determined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now call myself a “marathon winner.”可知，作者享受到了战胜自我的快乐，认为只要努力了就算是胜利者。故选B。 答案　B Ⅱ.七选五 Why you shouldn't punish your kids for lying Getting your children to stop lying is challenging.There are many influences (TV，movies，video games and some great books)in which lies are common.Children see parents lie to others，if only to be polite.Most parents add to that with tales about the lives and activities of Santa Claus or the Tooth Fairy，or to lessen fears.　__1__　 The most common reactions to children who lie are explaining why it is wrong and punishment.　__2__　 Here are three better tools supported by research to use instead. PRAISE：You could ask your child to say something that happened at school that is true.When your child obeys，praise him enthusiastically.Be specific：　__3__　 and give your child a hug or a high five.Aim for one or two interactions (互动)like this a day.If you happen to “catch” your child in a lie，say something like，“That is not true and could get you in trouble outside of the home.” MODEL：Explicitly tell the truth.This could be about something that happened when you were a child or something that happened during the day.It need not be dramatic.Another option is to play a game at dinner.Each person tells one thing that was true that day.Again，give a little praise to the child who normally lies if she plays along. DECREASE PUNISHMENT AND MORALIZING：They are unlikely to change behavior or develop the conduct you want.　__4__　 Rather，use very mild punishment (light scolding，short loss of privilege，a brief time­out).More severe punishments (shouting，taking away something for a week，hitting)are not more effective in actually changing the frequency of lying. 5__　 Usually they can be dropped by then.It is unlikely that lying will be completely removed，but with the right encouragement，it can be dramatically lessened. A.It is not what that is，but about practice. B．As ways of changing behavior，these are ineffective. C．That does not mean ignoring，lying or letting it go. D．“That was great！You told me what happened just like I asked.Wow！” E．Try these procedures for two to three weeks and see where you are. F．“You did a good job，but what you said was not what I'd like to know！” G．Parents do this out of love，but for some children，lying can become a problem. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。让你的孩子停止撒谎是具有挑战性的，孩子的撒谎有很多原因，不应该一味惩罚孩子。本文介绍了由研究支持的三个更好的解决方法。 1．解析　根据上文提示Most parents add to that with tales about the lives and activities of Santa Claus or the Tooth Fairy，or to lessen fears.(大多数父母都是用关于圣诞老人或牙仙的生活和活动的故事来补充的，或者是减轻恐惧。)承接上文，G项“Parents do this out of love，but for some children，lying can become a problem.”(父母这样做是出于爱，但对一些孩子来说，撒谎会成为一个问题。)切题。G项中的Parents do this与上文中的Most parents add to that吻合。 答案　G 2．解析　根据上文提示The most common reactions to children who lie are explaining why it is wrong and punishment，故B项指出上文那些解释都是无效的，下面有更好的方式。 答案　B 3．解析　根据上文提示When your child obeys，praise him enthusiastically.(当你的孩子顺从时，热情地夸赞他。)以及下文提示give your child a hug or a high five.(给你的孩子一个拥抱或者一个击掌。)，D项“That was great！You told me what happened just like I asked.Wow！”(那是太好了！你告诉我发生了什么，就像我问的那样。)就是给孩子的表扬或夸赞。故选D。 答案　D 4．解析　根据上文提示They are unlikely to change behavior or develop the conduct you want.(他们不太可能改变或发展你想要的行为。)，以及下文Rather，use very mild punishment (light scolding，short loss of privilege，a brief time­out).相反，使用非常温和的惩罚(轻斥责，短暂的特权丧失，短暂的暂停)，C项“That does not mean ignoring，lying or letting it go.”(这并不意味着忽视、说谎或放弃。)承上启下，故选C。 答案　C 5．解析　上文介绍了由研究支持的三个更好的解决孩子撒谎的方法。承接上文内容，E项“Try these procedures for two to three weeks and see where you are.”(试试这些程序两到三周，看看你会如何。)切题。同时该项中的for two to three weeks与下文Usually they can be dropped by then.(通常他们可以在那时候被抛弃。)中的by then对应。 答案　E 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$