精品解析：湖南省长沙市第一中学2024-2025学年高二上学期开学考试英语试题

长沙市第一中学2024—2025 学年度高二第一学期入学考试 英语 时量：120分钟 满分：150分 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是 C。 1. What do the speakers decide to do? A. Stop for a meal B. Keep driving. C. Get a short sleep. 2. What do we know about Cathy? A. She gets angry easily. B. She is good- natured. C. She doesn’t believe Bill. 3. What is the woman’s attitude toward the sports stadium? A. She is excited about it. B. She strongly opposes it. C. She doesn’t care about it. 4. Where will the man go most probably? A. The second floor. B. The third floor. C. The fourth floor. 5. What is the probable relationship between Tom and Bill? A. Colleagues. B. Brothers. C. Strangers. 第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Where could the speakers most probably be? A. On the road. B. In a hospital. C. At an airport. 7. How does the man feel now? A. Tired. B. Anxious. C. Hungry. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A decoration project. B. A dinner reservation. C. A budget proposal. 9. What does Chris suggest the woman do? A. Offer free meals. B. Cancel reservations. C. Reschedule the dinners. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What is wrong with the woman’s computer? A. It needs an upgrade. B. It requires maintenance. C. It has poor performance. 11 How much will the woman pay for the new computer? A. $1,350. B. $1,400. C. $1,500. 12. What after- sales guarantee does the man offer if the new computer freezes? A. Giving back the money. B. Exchanging it for a new one. C. Providing technical support. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. How did Mr. Carter get to know the gym? A. From his neighbor. B. From his workmate. C. From his wife. 14. What service does the gym offer? A. Medical examination. B. Injury treatment. C. Diet planning. 15. What classes are available on Wednesdays? A. Cycling. B. Weightlifting. C. Swimming. 16. What do we know about Mr. Carter? A. He has never used a gym before. B. He often does physical exercise. C. He is suffering from an old injury. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What is the speaker’s view on book- to- film adaptations? A. The screenwriters should have creative freedom. B. The opinion of the original authors is crucial. C. They should remain faithful to the books. 18. What does the speaker convey by mentioning cooking? A. Staying true to the audience. B. Adding new elements for creativity. C. Preserving the key elements of the book. 19. Which film is faithful to the original book? A. The Shining. B. Sense and Sensibility. C. The Lord of the Rings. 20. How did Peter Jackson adapt The Lord of the Rings? A. He combined multiple chapters into one. B. He emphasized emotional impact in key scenes. C. He added new characters not present in the book. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Archaeology camp Each summer, the Public Archaeology Facility ’s Community Archaeology Program offers a week - long program focused on archaeology for kids entering Grades 5 and 6. The program is taught by professional archaeologists from Binghamton University. Students will learn about the science of archaeology through hands - on , interactive classroom projects , laboratory tours, outdoor activities, and a visit to a local archaeological site. Our 2023 Research Site is the Whitney Point Bridge site. Broome County, New York. Dates : July 13-17, 2023 Time: 8:30 am -4:30 pm Tickets: $200 per participant ( a 10% discount before May 15,2023) The session is limited to 16 students to ensure the best educational setting. Participants will spend the first two days of the program learning about ancient cultures, archaeological concepts, and practicing fieldwork techniques, and artifact(人工制品) classification and preservation. Kids will take part in exciting activities in experimental and creative archaeology, including pottery (陶器) construction and a cross - country race. On the third and fourth days, participants will explore local historic sites long - covered by plants. and learn how archaeologists survey sites ‘ using direct mcasurements, digital cameras, careful notes, and hand - held GPS units. This trip will also provide an opportunity to learn more about the environment in which these sites were created. On the last day - the program will travel to a local historically significant archaecological site currently being excavated (挖掘) by the Public Archaeology Facility where students will observe professional excavations, Participants will be able to assist in some of the tasks at the site, including screening (筛查;甄别) for artifacts, note - taking, and site interpretation. 1. What do we know about the archaeology camp ? A. It lasts for a whole month. B. Itis limited to a dozen kids. C. It is guided by university experts. D. It is intended for high school students. 2. How much should two kids pay if they buy fickets before March 15,2023? A. $200. B. $360 C. $380. D. $400. 3. What will participants probably do on July 16, 2023? A. Conduct a survey in the field. B. Help reconstruct ancicnt objects. C. Observe professtonal excavations. D. Learn about artifact classification. 【答案】1 C 2. B 3. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要内容是有关夏令营的活动时间、地点、行程安排等。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The program is taught by professional archaeologists from Binghamton(该项目由宾厄姆顿的专业考古学家教授)”可知，这个夏令营由来自宾汉姆顿大学的专业考古学家指导，故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。由“Tickets”部分中的“$ 200 per participant(a 10% discount before May 15, 2023(每位参与者200美元（2023年5月15日前可享受10%的折扣）)”可知，如果在2023年3月15日之前买票的话，会打九折，那么两个孩子总共需付360美元，故选B项。 3题详解】 细节理解题。由“Dates”部分中的“July 13-17, 2023(2023年7月13-17)”和倒数第二段中的“On the third and fourth days, participants will explore local historic sites long-covered by plants, and learn how archaeologists survey sites(在第三天和第四天，参与者将探索长期被植物覆盖的当地历史遗址，并学习考古学家如何调查遗址)”可知，参加夏令营的孩子们可能会在7月16日（夏令营第4天）去野外进行实地勘查，故选A项。 B Whether it be a person, an animal, or even an insect, a mother’s instincts (本能) are never wrong. This idea rings true for a mother cat who acted fast and sought out help when her kittens were in trouble. This mother cat’s quick thinking may have just saved her babies. In the urban district of Izmir in western Turkey, a cat walked into a regular hospital bolding a kitten in her mouth. As the mother cat moved through the hospital, people were surprised to see such a sight, but let her pass. The mother cat asked for help, crying for a long time. She was familiar to the hospital staff, who had been leaving her food and water outside, but they were unaware that she had given birth to kittens. The mother cat was concerned for her young because they weren’t able to open their eyes. After the doctors looked at the kittens, they noticed that they were suffering from eye infections. One of the doctors recalls, “We consulted with vets (兽医) and gave medicine as described. When the kittens opened their eyes a short time later, we were excited.” Later, they were sent to an animal hospital for further care. The cats are now up for adoption and will hopefully find loving forever homes. When it comes to mother cats and kittens, kittens completely depend on mothers for the first few months of their lives. Because they are blind and almost deaf until about two or three weeks old, the mother cat must protect them from any threat or danger. Without the mother cat’s help, the kittens may not make it to adulthood. As shown by the mother cat in Turkey, a mother’s love and protection knows no bounds. Whether the mom is a human or a cat, mothers will always look out for their babies and make sure they are safe and healthy. 4. Why did the mother cat show up in the hospital? A. To beg for food. B. To get her babies treated. C. To express thanks. D. To give birth to her babies. 5. How did the doctors help the baby cat? A. They built them a home. B. They adopted all of them. C. They operated on them immediately. D. They gave them right medicine. 6. What makes newly-born cats dependent on their mothers? A. Their physical state. B. Their eating habit. C. Their appearance. D. Their behavior. 7. What can we learn from the story? A. Love makes a difference. B. One good turn deserves another. C. Humans can live peacefully with animals. D. God helps those who help themselves. 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。在土耳其有一只猫妈妈叼着刚出生不久的小猫来医院寻求帮助，由此说明无论是人还是动物，母爱都非常伟大。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The mother cat asked for help, crying for a long time.(猫妈妈叫喊了很久，请求帮助。)”和第三段中的“The mother cat was concerned for her young because they weren’t able to open their eyes.(母猫很担心她的幼崽，因为它们无法睁开眼睛。)”可知，猫妈妈出现在医院是为了让自己的孩子得到治疗。故选B。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One of the doctors recalls, “We consulted with vets (兽医) and gave medicine as described. When the kittens opened their eyes a short time later, we were excited.”(其中一位医生回忆道：“我们咨询了兽医，并按照描述给了药。不久后，小猫睁开眼睛，我们很兴奋。”)”可知，医生们给小猫们用上了合适的药物。故选D。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“When it comes to mother cats and kittens, kittens completely depend on mothers for the first few months of their lives. Because they are blind and almost deaf until about two or three weeks old, the mother cat must protect them from any threat or danger.(说到母猫和小猫，小猫在生命的前几个月完全依赖母亲。因为它们在两三周大之前都看不见，也几乎听不见，母猫必须保护它们免受任何威胁或危险。)”可知，小猫在生命的前几个月要完全依赖母亲，因为它们在两三周大之前都看不见，也几乎听不见，这种情况是由它们的身体状态决定的。故选A。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“As shown by the mother cat in Turkey, a mother’s love and protection knows no bounds. Whether the mom is a human or a cat, mothers will always look out for their babies and make sure they are safe and healthy.(正如土耳其的母猫所展现的那样，母亲的爱和保护是无限的。无论母亲是人还是猫，母亲们都会照顾好自己的孩子，确保他们安全健康。)”并结合土耳其这只母猫叼着小猫来医院寻求帮助的故事可推知，爱让一切变得不同。故选A。 C Most people enjoy variety. We like to eat different foods from meal to meal. We wear different clothes. We like to try new activities and visit new places. We become bored when there is little variety. Nevertheless, there’s one place where we tend to dislike variety, and that’s in each other. We often feel uncomfortable with people who practise different habits, or hold beliefs or values that we do not share. There are reasons for this. When we are exposed to new and different things, our brain works a bit harder than usual. When we’re learning, our nerve cells require more resources, such as water, salt, and various other chemicals. This extra metabolic (新陈代谢的) activity can feel unsettling and unpleasant. And it can feel worse if our nervous system is already under pressure, like in the midst of the pandemic. This sort of variation may be uncomfortable for individuals, but it’s critical to the survival of any species. If all finches (雀科鸣鸟) were identical, for example, and their environment changed in some significant, harmful ways, like an increase in the temperature or a decrease in water, all of them would be equally affected and the species might become extinct. This insight into variation comes from Charles Darwin, and it’s known as population thinking. Most people associate Darwin with his evolutionary theory of natural selection, but population thinking may be an even greater scientific achievement. The idea of “survival of the fittest” implies that individuals must vary. Some are more suited than others for a given environment, making it easier for them to survive, grow, and reproduce. Variation is therefore a prerequisite for natural selection to work. Dealing with the vast variety of humankind can be demanding and even annoying at times, but it’s a good investment, sort of like exercise for your brain. When you meet someone who looks different or thinks differently from you, treat your discomfort as a cue to be curious and learn instead of a signal of a problem. Don’t hold the view that the other person should be silenced. Ultimately, this mindset can make you more flexible in adapting to challenging situations, and more adaptable to change. 8. Which of the following might make people feel uncomfortable? A. Having an adventure in the wild. B. Taking a trip to a foreign country. C. Sharing traveling experiences with others. D. Socializing with people from diverse cultures. 9. What does the second paragraph focus on? A. People’s unwillingness to deal with new things. B. The significance of learning new things in our life. C. The biological explanations for people’s discomfort. D. The role of the nervous system in learning new things. 10. What does the underlined word “prerequisite” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Requirement. B. Substitute. C. Motivation. D. Challenge. 11. What does the writer mainly want to convey? A. Why we tend to chase and enjoy variation. B. How we can benefit from seeking variation. C. How we should treat the differences we find in others. D. Why we should get along with people different from us. 【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了为什么我们应该和不同的人相处并且给出了原因。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“We often feel uncomfortable with people who practise different habits, or hold beliefs or values that we do not share.”（我们经常对那些有不同习惯的人，或者持有与我们不同的信仰或价值观的人感到不舒服。）可知，与来自不同文化背景的人交往会让人感到不舒服。故选D项。 【9题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“There are reasons for this. When we are exposed to new and different things, our brain works a bit harder than usual. When we’re learning, our nerve cells require more resources, such as water, salt, and various other chemicals. This extra metabolic (新陈代谢的) activity can feel unsettling and unpleasant. And it can feel worse if our nervous system is already under pressure, like in the midst of the pandemic.”（这是有原因的。当我们接触到新的和不同的事物时，我们的大脑会比平时工作得更努力。当我们学习的时候，我们的神经细胞需要更多的资源，比如水、盐和其他各种化学物质。这种额外的代谢活动会让人感到不安和不愉快。如果我们的神经系统已经处于压力之下，比如在大流行期间，情况会更糟。）可知，第二段主要讲的是人们感到不舒服的生物学解释。故选C项。 【10题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第三段中“The idea of “survival of the fittest” implies that individuals must vary. Some are more suited than others for a given environment, making it easier for them to survive, grow, and reproduce.”（“适者生存”的观念意味着个体必须有所不同。有些物种比其他物种更适合特定的环境，使它们更容易生存、生长和繁殖。）讲的是有些物种比其他物种更适合特定的环境，意味着个体必须有所不同。因此，变异是自然选择起作用的先决条件。故可猜测划线单词prerequisite为“先决条件，前提条件”的意思，结合选项Requirement“必要条件”意思相近。故选A项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及根据第二段“There are reasons for this”（这个是有原因的）最后一段“Dealing with the vast variety of humankind can be demanding and even annoying at times, but it’s a good investment, sort of like exercise for your brain. When you meet someone who looks different or thinks differently from you, treat your discomfort as a cue to be curious and learn instead of a signal of a problem. Don’t hold the view that the other person should be silenced. Ultimately, this mindset can make you more flexible in adapting to challenging situations, and more adaptable to change.”（与形形色色的人打交道有时会很费力，甚至很烦人，但这是一项很好的投资，有点像锻炼大脑。当你遇到与你长相不同或想法不同的人时，把你的不适当作是好奇和学习的暗示，而不是问题的信号。不要认为对方应该保持沉默。最终，这种心态可以让你更灵活地适应具有挑战性的情况，更能适应变化。）可推知，作者主要想表达的是为什么我们应该和不同的人相处。故选D项。 D Certain stem cells have a unique ability to move between growth compartments(隔间) in hair follicles(毛囊), but get stuck as people age and so lose their ability to mature and maintain hair color, a new study shows. Led by researchers from NYU Grossman School of Medicine, the new work focused on cells in the skin of mice and also found in humans called melanocyte stem cells, or McSCs. Hair color is controlled by whether nonfunctional but continually multiplying pools of McSCs within hair follicles get the signal to become mature cells that make the protein pigment(色素) responsible for color. The new study showed that McSCs are remarkably plastic. This means that during normal hair growth, such cells continually move back and forth between maturity and immaturity as they move between compartments of the developing hair follicle. It is inside these compartments that McSCs are exposed to different levels of maturity-influencing protein signals. The researchers found that as hair ages, comes off, and then repeatedly grows back, increasing numbers of McSCs get stuck in the stem cell compartment. They remain there, do not mature into the transit-amplifying state, and do not travel back to their original location in the germ compartment, where they regenerate into pigment cells. Specifically, the research team found that McSCs transform between their most primitive stem cell state and the next stage of their maturation, depending on their location. “Our study adds to our basic understanding of how McSCs work to color hair,”said study lead investigator Qi Sun, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow at NYU Langone Health. “The newfound mechanisms raise the possibility that the same fixed-positioning of McSCs may exist in humans. If so, it presents a potential pathway for changing over or preventing the graying of human hair by helping jammed cells to move again between developing hair follicle compartments.” 12. What is the function of mature McSCs? A. Receiving maturity signal. B. Making protein pigments. C. Stopping hair from being colored. D. Sending maturity-influencing protein signals. 13. What determines the state of McSCs? A. Their quantity. B. Their growing time. C. Their size. D. Their position. 14. What can be concluded from the study? A. Hair will stop growing as it ages. B. Gray hair will no longer mature. C. Stuck McSCs cause hair to turn gray. D. Gray hair can eventually grow normal. 15. What did Qi Sun express in the last paragraph? A. The potential application of the finding. B. The principle behind the result of the study. C. The basic understanding of McSCs. D. The possibility of developing hair follicle compartments. 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种关于被称为黑色素干细胞（Melanocyte stem cells，简称McSCs）的细胞的研究。这项研究有助于困在干细胞区域的细胞重新移动到发育中的毛囊隔间，从而为改变或预防人类头发变白增加了途径。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段描述“Hair color is controlled by whether nonfunctional but continually multiplying pools of McSCs within hair follicles get the signal to become mature cells that make the protein pigment(色素) responsible for color. (头发的颜色是由毛囊内不断繁殖的但无功能的McSCs是否收到信号并转化为制造负责颜色的蛋白质色素的成熟细胞所决定的。)”可知，头发的颜色是由McSCs是否收到信号并转化为制造负责颜色的蛋白质色素的成熟细胞所决定的，即成熟的McSCs的功能是制造蛋白色素。故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段描述“Specifically, the research team found that McSCs transform between their most primitive stem cell state and the next stage of their maturation, depending on their location. (具体地，研究团队发现McSCs会根据其位置在其最原始的干细胞状态与其下一阶段的成熟状态之间进行转变。)”可知，McSCs会根据其位置在其最原始的干细胞状态与其下一阶段的成熟状态之间进行转变即McSCs的状态由其位置决定。故选D。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The researchers found that as hair ages, comes off，and then repeatedly grows back,increasing numbers of McSCs get stuck in the stem cell compartment.They remain there, do not mature into the transit-amplifying state，and do not travel back to their original location in the germ compartment,where they regenerate into pigment cells(研究人员发现，随着头发老化、脱落，然后反复长回，越来越多的McSC被困在干细胞室中。它们留在那里，不会成熟到转运扩增状态，也不会回到生殖室中可以再生成色素细胞的原始位置)”﹔以及最后一段的“The newfound mechanisms raise the possibility that the same fixed-positioning of McSCs may exist in humans.lf so,it presents a potential pathway for changing over or preventing the graying of human hair by helping jammed cells to move again between developing hair follicle compartments(新发现的机制提高了McSC在人类中可能存在相同固定定位的可能性。如果是这样的话，它提供了一种潜在的途径，通过帮助堵塞的细胞在发育中的毛囊隔间之间再次移动来改变或防止人类头发变白)”，fixed-positioning of McSCs和Stuck McSCs是近义词，可知从研究中可以得出结论---粘在一起的McSC会导致头发变灰，故选C。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段描述““The newfound mechanisms raise the possibility that the same fixed-positioning of McSCs may exist in humans. If so, it presents a potential pathway for changing over or preventing the graying of human hair by helping jammed cells to move again between developing hair follicle compartments.”(新发现的机制提出了在人类中也可能存在McSCs的同样的固定定位的可能性。如果是这样，它提供了一个潜在的途径，通过帮助被卡住的细胞在发育中的毛囊隔间之间再次移动来改变或防止人类头发变白。”)”可知，最后一段主要讲述的是通过帮助被卡住的细胞在发育中的毛囊隔间之间再次移动来改变或防止人类头发变白，这是Qi Sun所谈到的该发现的潜在应用。故选A。 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 A large part of the world’s total sugar supply comes from beets. Most markets carry this sugar, but it may not always be clearly labeled. You may think the white sugar you just bought is made from sugarcane. ___16___ Beets have been an important crop in human agriculture for centuries, with evidence of their planting dating back to ancient civilizations in Europe. However, it was not until the16th century that beets’ potential as a source of sugar was realized. ___17___ Later, they slowly spread to America. One key advantage of using beets for sugar is that compared to sugarcane, beets can be planted in cooler regions. ___18___ Beet sugar is also easier to produce. just requiring very basic processing. So in consideration of the cost- effective characteristics, beets are an attractive alternative to sugarcane. ___19___ The initial step involves washing and cutting up the beets, followed by passing them through a machine that forces hot water past the beet pieces. The resulting juice is then combined with liquids squeezed from the beets. The mixture is then heated, leading to a thick, sweet liquid. Finally, the liquid is further processed to obtain beet sugar, which is chemically nearly identical to sugarcane sugar. The quantities of beet sugar and sugarcane sugar can be used equally in baking recipes. ___20___ While some people are able to tell a difference, many others can’t tell whether a baked treat has been made with beet sugar or sugarcane sugar. So beet sugar sometimes can replace sugarcane sugar in a baking recipe. A. Beets can be easily processed. B. But its source may be actually beets. C. The flavour of baked goods is quite similar. D. Let’s look at how exactly to make beet sugar. E. In most cases, people tend to eat sugarcane sugar. F. Besides, beets are tougher and able to grow on land of poor quality. G. Therefore, beet sugar processing plants began to be built in Europe. 【答案】16 B 17. G 18. F 19. D 20. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了甜菜作为糖源的重要性、历史、优势以及甜菜糖的生产过程和用途。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Most markets carry this sugar, but it may not always be clearly labeled. You may think the white sugar you just bought is made from sugarcane.(大多数市场都出售这种糖，但它可能并不总是清楚地标注出来。您可能认为您刚刚买的白糖是用甘蔗做的。)”可知，空处和上文形成转折关系，指出糖的来源可能不是蔗糖，而是甜菜做的糖。B项：But its source may be actually beets.(但它的来源实际上可能是甜菜。)符合语境。故选B。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Beets have been an important crop in human agriculture for centuries, with evidence of their planting dating back to ancient civilizations in Europe. However, it was not until the16th century that beets’ potential as a source of sugar was realized.(甜菜几个世纪以来一直是人类农业中的重要作物，其种植的证据可以追溯到欧洲的古文明。然而，直到16世纪，人们才意识到甜菜作为糖源的潜力。)”可知，欧洲人意识到甜菜作为糖源的潜力，因此变开始建立甜菜加工厂，空处和上文形成因果关系。G项：Therefore, beet sugar processing plants began to be built in Europe.(因此，欧洲开始建立甜菜糖加工厂。)符合语境。故选G。 【18题详解】 根据上文“One key advantage of using beets for sugar is that compared to sugarcane, beets can be planted in cooler regions.(用甜菜制糖的一个主要优点是，与甘蔗相比，甜菜可以在较冷的地区种植。)”和下文“Beet sugar is also easier to produce.(甜菜糖也更容易生产。)”可知，本段是在说明用甜菜制作糖的优势。F项的“Besides”与上文的“One key advantage”对应。F项：Besides, beets are tougher and able to grow on land of poor quality.(此外，甜菜更坚韧，能在质量差的土地上生长。)符合语境。故选F。 【19题详解】 空处为段落主旨句。根据下文“The initial step involves washing and cutting up the beets, followed by passing them through a machine that forces hot water past the beet pieces. The resulting juice is then combined with liquids squeezed from the beets. The mixture is then heated, leading to a thick, sweet liquid. Finally, the liquid is further processed to obtain beet sugar, which is chemically nearly identical to sugarcane sugar.(第一步是清洗和切碎甜菜，然后将它们通过一台机器，这台机器迫使热水通过甜菜块。然后将得到的果汁与从甜菜中榨出的液体混合。然后将混合物加热，得到一种浓稠的甜液。最后，对液体进行进一步加工以获得甜菜糖，甜菜糖在化学上与甘蔗糖几乎相同。)”可知，本段主要介绍了制作甜菜糖的步骤。D项中的“how exactly to make beet sugar”与下文中的“The initial step…then…Finally…”对应。D项：Let’s look at how exactly to make beet sugar.(让我们来看看到底如何制造甜菜糖。)符合语境。故选D。 【20题详解】 根据下文“While some people are able to tell a difference, many others can’t tell whether a baked treat has been made with beet sugar or sugarcane sugar.(虽然有些人能够分辨出区别，但很多人无法分辨出烘焙食品是用甜菜糖还是甘蔗糖做的。)”可知，一些人能够分辨出烘焙食品是用甜菜糖还是甘蔗糖做的，但很多人则无法分辨。这暗示了两者在烘焙后的味道上非常相似。C项：The flavour of baked goods is quite similar.(烘焙食品的味道很相似。)符合语境。故选C。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Tineke Vanobbergen found herself torn when it was time for her to return to her job. As a new mom, she was anxious about ___21___ her baby. Although Alix’s dad, Kenny Deuss, would do fine, Tineke wanted ___22___: a picture every single day. Kenny sent ___23___ photos for the first week — Alix sleeping, Alix eating… — and Tineke felt better. But Kenny was bored ___24___ the same shots over and over. So an idea ___25___ his mind. The next week, when Tineke opened her lunchtime photo, she got a(n) ___26___. The picture was Alix in a ___27___ position in an astronaut suit with a sign to travel to the moon. “___28___, I had to ask, ‘Can he sit?’ because he was only three months old,” said Tineke. But she quickly ___29___ that Kenny used digital editing software to make it look like baby Alix was sitting up all by himself, ready to rocket into space. Tineke then showed it to all her ____30____, and the collective admiration that followed generated a regular ____31____. So every Tuesday, Kenny would send a new photo ____32____ Alix in a digitally manipulated (修改过的；处理过的) seemingly worrisome situation. Kenny had lots of fun with the baby while posing him for ____33____ photos. So did the baby. This ____34____ dad was correcting the ____35____ in general — fathers cannot take care of children easily. 21. A. giving up B. hearing from C. parting from D. bringing up 22. A. proof B. attention C. help D. advice 23. A. funny B. clear C. quality D. normal 24. A. describing B. texting C. collecting D. repairing 25. A. carried B. clouded C. obeyed D. occupied 26. A. surprise B. explanation C. problem. D. award 27. A. standing B. running C. sitting D. lying 28. A. Actively B. Obviously C. Eventually D. Typically 29. A. determined B. ensured C. imagined D. perceived 30. A. relatives B. associates C. clients D. neighbors 31. A. visit B. program C. demand D. meeting 32. A. featuring B. recalling C. reporting D. testing 33. A. novel B. superior C. elegant D. thrilling 34. A. responsible B. curious C. experienced D. creative 35. A. debate B. misbelief C. conflict D. disadvantage 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. A 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了新手妈妈Tineke回到工作后，担心与三个月大的孩子Alex分开，要求丈夫Kenny每天发照片。Kenny起初发正常照片，后来感到厌倦，开始用数字编辑软件制作有趣照片。这些照片不仅让Tineke惊喜，还得到同事赞赏，于是Kenny定期发一张新奇照片，这些照片纠正了人们对父亲照顾孩子的能力的误解。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一个新手妈妈，她很担心和她的孩子分开。A. giving up放弃；B. hearing from收到……的消息；C. parting from与……分开；D. bringing up抚养。根据上文“Tineke Vanobbergen found herself torn when it was time for her to return to her job.”可知，因为要回到工作岗位，Tineke感到很纠结，因此是担心与她的孩子分开。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然Alex的父亲Kenny Deuss会做得很好，但Tineke想要证据：每天都要一张照片。A. proof证据；B. attention注意；C. help帮助；D. advice建议。根据下文“a picture every single day”可知，Tineke让丈夫Kenny每天都发一张照片，作为孩子Alex被照顾得很好的证据。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Kenny发来了第一周正常的照片——Alex睡觉，Alex吃饭……——Tineke感觉好多了。A. funny有趣的；B. clear清晰的；C. quality高质量的；D. normal正常的。根据下文“Alix sleeping, Alix eating”和“The picture was Alix in a ___7___ position in an astronaut suit with a sign to travel to the moon.”可知，与后来发的照片相比，第一周Kenny发的是Alex睡觉、吃饭的正常照片。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但Kenny厌倦了一遍又一遍地发同样的照片。A. describing描述；B. texting给……发短信，发送；C. collecting收集；D. repairing修理。根据上文“Kenny sent ___3___ photos for the first week”可知，Kenny发送照片。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是一个主意占据了他的头脑。A. carried携带；B. clouded让……蒙上阴影；C. obeyed服从；D. occupied占据。根据下文叙述的Kenny给Tineke发送Alex的有趣照片可知，此处指他想出了一个主意，即一个主意占据了他的头脑。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：下个星期，当Tineke打开她的午餐照片时，她大吃一惊。A. surprise惊讶；B. explanation解释；C. problem问题；D. award奖品。根据下文“The picture was Alix in a ___7___ position in an astronaut suit with a sign to travel to the moon.”可知，这张照片里Alex穿着太空服，和之前的照片不同，因此是大吃一惊。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：照片上，Alex穿着太空服坐着，上面写着要去月球旅行的标语。A. standing站立的；B. running跑步的；C. sitting坐着的；D. lying躺着的。根据下文“Can he sit?”可知，Alex穿着太空服坐着。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“显然，我不得不问，‘他能坐吗？’因为他只有三个月大，”Tineke说。A. Actively积极地；B. Obviously明显地；C. Eventually最终地；D. Typically典型地。根据下文“because he was only three months old”可知，Alex才三个月大，通常还不会坐，因此作为妈妈的Tineke显然得问这个问题。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她很快就确定，Kenny使用了数字编辑软件，让它看起来像Alex宝宝独自坐起来，准备发射火箭进入太空。A. determined确定；B. ensured确保；C. imagined想象；D. perceived感知。根据下文“that Kenny used digital editing software to make it look like baby Alix was sitting up all by himself, ready to rocket into space”可知，Tineke很快就确定了这张照片背后的真相。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Tineke随后把它拿给她所有的同事看，随之而来的集体赞赏产生了定期的需求。A. relatives亲戚；B. associates同事；C. clients客户；D. neighbors邻居。根据上文“Tineke Vanobbergen found herself torn when it was time for her to return to her job”可知，Tineke回归工作，把照片拿给她的同事看。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Tineke随后把它拿给她所有的同事看，随之而来的集体赞赏产生了定期的需求。A. visit访问；B. program节目；C. demand需求；D. meeting会议。根据下文“So every Tuesday, Kenny would send a new photo ___12___ Alix in a digitally manipulated (修改过的；处理过的) seemingly worrisome situation.”可知，每周二Kenny都会发一张Alex的照片，因此是大家都很赞赏这张照片，从而产生了定期的需求。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以每周二，Kenny都会发一张新照片，照片上的Alex处于一个经过数码处理的、看似令人担忧的境地。A. featuring以……为特色；B. recalling回忆；C. reporting报告；D. testing测试。根据上文“a new photo”和下文“Alix in a digitally manipulated (修改过的；处理过的) seemingly worrisome situation”可推知，此处是介绍照片的内容，照片应该是以Alex处于看似令人担忧的境地为特色。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Kenny和孩子玩得很开心，还让他摆姿势拍了一些新奇的照片。A. novel新颖的；B. superior优越的；C. elegant优雅的；D. thrilling令人激动的。根据上文“Alix in a digitally manipulated (修改过的；处理过的) seemingly worrisome situation”可知，照片经过数码处理，让Alex处于看似令人担忧的境地，因此是新奇的照片。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位富有创造力的父亲正在纠正人们普遍认为父亲不能轻易照顾孩子的误解。A. responsible负责的；B. curious好奇的；C. experienced有经验的；D. creative有创造力的。根据上文叙述的Kenny给Alex拍照，再用数字编辑软件制作有趣照片可知，他是富有创造力的父亲。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位富有创造力的父亲正在纠正人们普遍认为父亲不能轻易照顾孩子的误解。A. debate辩论；B. misbelief误解；C. conflict冲突；D. disadvantage不利。根据下文“fathers cannot take care of children easily”可知，Kenny纠正的是父亲不能轻易照顾孩子的误解。故选B。 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Every Wednesday afternoon, Le Duc, An, a Vietnamese, PhD student at Beijing University of Technology, practices calligraphy in the calligraphy group. The 33- year- old ___36___ (study) Chinese calligraphy for nearly three years. “___37___ (expose) to Vietnamese calligraphy when I was a child, I found it was one of the things that made the biggest impression on me,” An says., When he came to Beijing in 2019 for his PhD studies focusing on the environment, he also spent time practicing Chinese calligraphy, committing ___38___ (he) in earnest to the journey of learning the art. ___39___ (initial), An says that he did not understand the techniques in Chinese calligraphy, but with the help of Professor Liu Hongli, he gradually came to understand the meaning behind the characters and the techniques in calligraphy. ___40___ (gain) a deeper understanding of calligraphy, An has visited many ancient sites in Beijing, including the Confucius Temple and the Forbidden City. He has also participated ___41___ a number of calligraphy competitions, both at school and international events. An says that places ___42___ he has seen treasured, scrolls of calligraphy have left a profound impression, and are ___43___ major source of inspiration, “Calligraphy has become a part of me,” An says. “Whenever I see Chinese calligraphy from different ___44___ (dynasty), and on sculptures and at historical sites, I find myself impressed by the ____45____ (vast) and depth of Chinese culture.”? 【答案】36. has been studying##has studied 37. Exposed 38. himself 39 Initially 40. To gain 41. in 42. where 43. a 44. dynasties 45. vastness 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了越南籍博士生Le Duc An学习中国书法的经历。 【36题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：这位33岁的女士学习中国书法已近3年。空处作句子的谓语，时间状语为for nearly three years，动作从过去开始发生，可以用现在完成时表示动作持续到现在，也可以用现在完成进行时表示动作会继续进行下去，主语The 33-year-old为单数，助动词用has。故填has been studying/has studied。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：“我小时候接触过越南书法，我发现它给我留下了最深刻的印象之一，”安说。be exposed to为固定短语，意为“接触……；暴露于……”，此处作状语，需用过去分词。首字母大写。故填Exposed。 【38题详解】 考查代词。句意：2019年，他来到北京攻读环境学博士学位，同时他也花时间练习中国书法，认真踏上了学习这门艺术的旅程。句子的主语和宾语一致，需用反身代词作宾语。故填himself。 【39题详解】 考查副词。句意：安说，起初他并不了解中国书法中的技巧，但在刘红利教授的帮助下，他逐渐理解了书法中文字背后的含义和技巧。空处作时间状语，initial的副词形式initially符合题意，意为“起初”，且空处位于句首，initially的首字母需大写。故填Initially。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了更深入地了解书法，安参观了许多北京的古迹，包括孔庙和紫禁城。句子主干成分完整，空处作目的状语，表示“为了……”，应用gain的不定式形式，且空处位于句首，to的首字母需大写。故填To gain。 【41题详解】 考查介词。句意：他还参加了许多书法比赛，既有校内的，也有国际性的。participate in为固定搭配，意为“参加”。故填in。 【42题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：安说，他见过的珍贵书法卷轴给他留下了深刻的印象，也是他灵感的主要来源。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词places，结合“he has seen treasured scrolls of calligraphy”可知，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 【43题详解】 考查冠词。句意同上。空处表示泛指，意为“灵感的一个主要来源”，应用不定冠词，且major的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：“书法已经成为我生活的一部分，”安说。“每当我看到不同朝代的书法，以及雕塑和历史遗迹上的书法时，我都会被中国文化的博大精深所打动。” 空处作from的宾语，结合“different(不同的)”可知，dynasty应用复数形式。故填dynasties。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。空处和depth并列，作宾语，需用名词vastness，表抽象概念，不可数。故填vastness。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，请以“Be Energy- smart”为主题写一篇倡议书，谈一谈在日常生活中如何节电的做法（至少两点）。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Be Energy-Smart As we know, we are currently experiencing an energy crisis and saving electricity should become a way of life. Being energy smart means doing the same with less-using electricity more efficiently or in reduced amounts. First of all, consider installing energy-efficient equipment and appliances. More importantly, develop smart energy habits. Turn down the air-conditioner to a reasonable temperature, which can reduce your electricity bill by 5%. Also, turn off the lights in empty rooms and hang clothes out to dry etc. All of these can matter a lot. Let’s take action right now. Thank you. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。要求考生以“Be Energy- smart”为主题写一篇倡议书，谈一谈在日常生活中如何节电的做法。 【详解】1.词汇积累 应该：should→be supposed to 首先：first of all→to begin with 重要地：importantly→significantly 重要：matter→count 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：More importantly, develop smart energy habits. 拓展句：More importantly, develop smart energy habits, which turns out to be useful. 【点睛】[高分句型1] As we know, we are currently experiencing an energy crisis and saving electricity should become a way of life.（运用了as引导非限制性定语从句） [高分句型2] Turn down the air-conditioner to a reasonable temperature, which can reduce your electricity bill by 5%.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句） 第二节：（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “This Saturday, we’ll be visiting cats at the animal shelter. If you’d like to join us, here’s an application form”, said Ms. Delgado, the school librarian who had held the reading engagement event for students. Ben loved cats and he had always wanted one, so he hurried to take an application form. Then Ms. Delgado added, “We’ll be reading to the cats and award readers who make most progress.” Ben stopped. Reading al oud can be a challenging task. Ben might feel his heart racing, his palms sweating, and his voice shaking as he read. He might stumble over words or lose his place in the text. He might feel like everyone was watching him and judging him. Still, he really wanted to visit the cats, so he took an application form anyway. On Saturday, Ben arrived at the shelter with some of his classmates. “This is Max,” the shelter worker told Ben as she handed him a gray cat. Ben carried Max to a beanbag chair and sat down. Max settled onto his lap. He took a book he’d been working on and started reading. Max, very different from other cats walking around the room while the kids read, purred (发出呼噜声) on his lap as if he had understood what Ben read. “I’m glad Max is staying and listening to my reading and he is the best cat ever,” Ben told Dad excitedly. “I’m glad you two are friends,” Dad said. All week, Ben’s heart was filled with anxiety as he waited for Saturday to arrive. He was eager to read to Max and the anticipation of spending time with his feline (猫咪的) friend made him restless and nervous. When it arrived, Ben got to read to Max again. “What if someone adopts Max?” Ben asked Dad later. “I guess you’d read to a different cat,” Dad said. “But I don’t want a different cat. I wish we could adopt Max,” Ben said to Dad. He knew they couldn’t because Mom had allergies (过敏). Ben loved the cat so much that he even told his next-door neighbor, Mrs. Patel, about Max. “Max sounds like a special cat,” said Mrs. Patel. 注意： 1.续写词数应为 150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Week by week, Ben realized that reading seemed easier with Max’s company. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ But on Saturday, Ben couldn’t find Max at the shelter. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 Week by week, Ben realized that reading seemed easier with Max’s company. The presence of the gray cat made him feel more relaxed and comfortable. He noticed that Max’s purring had a calming effect on him, allowing him to focus better on the words in front of him. Ben was amazed by how much he enjoyed reading aloud to Max. Still, he was surprised when Ms. Delgado gave him the Most Improved Reader award. Ben felt a sense of pride and accomplishment as he held the certificate in his hands. He couldn’t wait to show it to Max. But on Saturday, Ben couldn’t find Max at the shelter. He looked around the room, hoping to catch a glimpse of his feline friend. However, Max was nowhere to be found. Ben’s heart sank as he realized that someone might have adopted Max. Just then, Mrs. Patel walked into the visitors’ room, carrying Max. “I’m adopting him,” Mrs. Patel said. “You can come over every day to read to him.” Hearing what Mrs. Patel said, Ben jumped with excitement and threw his arms around Mrs. Patel. Of course, he didn’t forget to hug Max tightly who gave a contented purr. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Ben去动物收容所时，给一只名叫Max的猫读书，发现它好像听得懂似得，于是Ben提出想收养Max，但他妈妈有过敏症。他甚至告诉了他的邻居Patel太太关于Max的事。一周又一周，Ben意识到有了Max的陪伴，读书似乎变得更容易了，Ben还被老师授予“最进步读者奖”。Ben想去收容所告诉Max得奖的事情，却得知Max被收养了，结果原来是邻居Patel太太收养了Max。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“一周又一周，本意识到有马克斯的陪伴读书似乎更容易了。”可知，第一段可描写Ben在Max的陪伴下，朗读能力获得很大的提升，并获得老师的奖励。 ②由第二段首句内容“但是星期六，本在收容所找不到马克斯。”可知，第二段可描写Ben找不到Max的感受，以及最后知道Patel太太收养了Max后的反应。 2. 续写线索：老师安排去给猫读书——遇到Max——想收养Max但是不行——发现自己在Max陪伴下朗读能力提高——获得进步奖——想告诉Max——Max不见了——得知Max被Patel收养——高兴。 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①注意到：notice/perceive/note ②集中注意力：focus on/concentrate on/throw oneself into ③走近：walk into/ step into 情绪类 ①惊讶的：amazed/surprised/astounded。 ②兴奋：excitement/enthusiasm/thrill 【点睛】[高分句型1]He noticed that Max’s purring had a calming effect on him, allowing him to focus better on the words in front of him. (that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2]Of course, he didn’t forget to hug Max tightly who gave a contented purr. (who引导的定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 长沙市第一中学2024—2025 学年度高二第一学期入学考试 英语 时量：120分钟 满分：150分 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是 C。 1. What do the speakers decide to do? A. Stop for a meal B. Keep driving. C. Get a short sleep. 2. What do we know about Cathy? A. She gets angry easily. B. She is good- natured. C. She doesn’t believe Bill. 3. What is the woman’s attitude toward the sports stadium? A. She is excited about it. B. She strongly opposes it. C. She doesn’t care about it. 4. Where will the man go most probably? A. The second floor. B. The third floor. C. The fourth floor. 5. What is the probable relationship between Tom and Bill? A. Colleagues. B. Brothers. C. Strangers. 第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Where could the speakers most probably be? A. On the road. B. In a hospital. C. At an airport. 7. How does the man feel now? A. Tired. B. Anxious. C. Hungry. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A decoration project. B. A dinner reservation. C. A budget proposal. 9. What does Chris suggest the woman do? A. Offer free meals. B. Cancel reservations. C. Reschedule the dinners. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What is wrong with the woman’s computer? A. It needs an upgrade. B. It requires maintenance. C. It has poor performance. 11. How much will the woman pay for the new computer? A. $1,350. B. $1,400. C. $1,500. 12. What after- sales guarantee does the man offer if the new computer freezes? A. Giving back the money. B. Exchanging it for a new one. C. Providing technical support. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. How did Mr. Carter get to know the gym? A. From his neighbor. B. From his workmate. C. From his wife. 14. What service does the gym offer? A. Medical examination. B. Injury treatment. C. Diet planning. 15. What classes are available on Wednesdays? A. Cycling. B. Weightlifting. C. Swimming. 16. What do we know about Mr. Carter? A. He has never used a gym before. B. He often does physical exercise. C. He is suffering from an old injury. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What is the speaker’s view on book- to- film adaptations? A. The screenwriters should have creative freedom. B. The opinion of the original authors is crucial. C. They should remain faithful to the books. 18. What does the speaker convey by mentioning cooking? A. Staying true to the audience. B. Adding new elements for creativity. C. Preserving the key elements of the book. 19. Which film is faithful to the original book? A. The Shining. B. Sense and Sensibility. C. The Lord of the Rings. 20. How did Peter Jackson adapt The Lord of the Rings? A. He combined multiple chapters into one. B. He emphasized emotional impact in key scenes. C. He added new characters not present in the book. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Archaeology camp Each summer, the Public Archaeology Facility ’s Community Archaeology Program offers a week - long program focused on archaeology for kids entering Grades 5 and 6. The program is taught by professional archaeologists from Binghamton University. Students will learn about the science of archaeology through hands - on , interactive classroom projects , laboratory tours, outdoor activities, and a visit to a local archaeological site. Our 2023 Research Site is the Whitney Point Bridge site. Broome County, New York. Dates : July 13-17, 2023 Time: 8:30 am -4:30 pm Tickets: $200 per participant ( a 10% discount before May 15,2023) The session is limited to 16 students to ensure the best educational setting. Participants will spend the first two days of the program learning about ancient cultures, archaeological concepts, and practicing fieldwork techniques, and artifact(人工制品) classification and preservation. Kids will take part in exciting activities in experimental and creative archaeology, including pottery (陶器) construction and a cross - country race. On the third and fourth days, participants will explore local historic sites long - covered by plants. and learn how archaeologists survey sites ‘ using direct mcasurements, digital cameras, careful notes, and hand - held GPS units. This trip will also provide an opportunity to learn more about the environment in which these sites were created. On the last day - the program will travel to a local historically significant archaecological site currently being excavated (挖掘) by the Public Archaeology Facility where students will observe professional excavations Participants will be able to assist in some of the tasks at the site, including screening (筛查;甄别) for artifacts, note - taking, and site interpretation. 1. What do we know about the archaeology camp ? A. It lasts for a whole month. B. Itis limited to a dozen kids. C. It is guided by university experts. D. It is intended for high school students. 2. How much should two kids pay if they buy fickets before March 15,2023? A. $200. B. $360 C. $380. D. $400. 3. What will participants probably do on July 16, 2023? A Conduct a survey in the field. B. Help reconstruct ancicnt objects. C. Observe professtonal excavations. D. Learn about artifact classification. B Whether it be a person, an animal, or even an insect, a mother’s instincts (本能) are never wrong. This idea rings true for a mother cat who acted fast and sought out help when her kittens were in trouble. This mother cat’s quick thinking may have just saved her babies. In the urban district of Izmir in western Turkey, a cat walked into a regular hospital bolding a kitten in her mouth. As the mother cat moved through the hospital, people were surprised to see such a sight, but let her pass. The mother cat asked for help, crying for a long time. She was familiar to the hospital staff, who had been leaving her food and water outside, but they were unaware that she had given birth to kittens. The mother cat was concerned for her young because they weren’t able to open their eyes. After the doctors looked at the kittens, they noticed that they were suffering from eye infections. One of the doctors recalls, “We consulted with vets (兽医) and gave medicine as described. When the kittens opened their eyes a short time later, we were excited.” Later, they were sent to an animal hospital for further care. The cats are now up for adoption and will hopefully find loving forever homes. When it comes to mother cats and kittens, kittens completely depend on mothers for the first few months of their lives. Because they are blind and almost deaf until about two or three weeks old, the mother cat must protect them from any threat or danger. Without the mother cat’s help, the kittens may not make it to adulthood. As shown by the mother cat in Turkey, a mother’s love and protection knows no bounds. Whether the mom is a human or a cat, mothers will always look out for their babies and make sure they are safe and healthy. 4. Why did the mother cat show up in the hospital? A. To beg for food. B. To get her babies treated. C. To express thanks. D. To give birth to her babies. 5. How did the doctors help the baby cat? A. They built them a home. B. They adopted all of them. C. They operated on them immediately. D. They gave them right medicine. 6. What makes newly-born cats dependent on their mothers? A. Their physical state. B. Their eating habit. C. Their appearance. D. Their behavior. 7. What can we learn from the story? A. Love makes a difference. B. One good turn deserves another. C. Humans can live peacefully with animals. D. God helps those who help themselves. C Most people enjoy variety. We like to eat different foods from meal to meal. We wear different clothes. We like to try new activities and visit new places. We become bored when there is little variety. Nevertheless, there’s one place where we tend to dislike variety, and that’s in each other. We often feel uncomfortable with people who practise different habits, or hold beliefs or values that we do not share. There are reasons for this. When we are exposed to new and different things, our brain works a bit harder than usual. When we’re learning, our nerve cells require more resources, such as water, salt, and various other chemicals. This extra metabolic (新陈代谢的) activity can feel unsettling and unpleasant. And it can feel worse if our nervous system is already under pressure, like in the midst of the pandemic. This sort of variation may be uncomfortable for individuals, but it’s critical to the survival of any species. If all finches (雀科鸣鸟) were identical, for example, and their environment changed in some significant, harmful ways, like an increase in the temperature or a decrease in water, all of them would be equally affected and the species might become extinct. This insight into variation comes from Charles Darwin, and it’s known as population thinking. Most people associate Darwin with his evolutionary theory of natural selection, but population thinking may be an even greater scientific achievement. The idea of “survival of the fittest” implies that individuals must vary. Some are more suited than others for a given environment, making it easier for them to survive, grow, and reproduce. Variation is therefore a prerequisite for natural selection to work. Dealing with the vast variety of humankind can be demanding and even annoying at times, but it’s a good investment, sort of like exercise for your brain. When you meet someone who looks different or thinks differently from you, treat your discomfort as a cue to be curious and learn instead of a signal of a problem. Don’t hold the view that the other person should be silenced. Ultimately, this mindset can make you more flexible in adapting to challenging situations, and more adaptable to change. 8. Which of the following might make people feel uncomfortable? A. Having an adventure in the wild. B. Taking a trip to a foreign country. C. Sharing traveling experiences with others. D. Socializing with people from diverse cultures. 9. What does the second paragraph focus on? A. People’s unwillingness to deal with new things. B. The significance of learning new things in our life. C. The biological explanations for people’s discomfort. D. The role of the nervous system in learning new things. 10. What does the underlined word “prerequisite” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Requirement. B. Substitute. C. Motivation. D. Challenge. 11. What does the writer mainly want to convey? A. Why we tend to chase and enjoy variation. B. How we can benefit from seeking variation. C. How we should treat the differences we find in others. D. Why we should get along with people different from us. D Certain stem cells have a unique ability to move between growth compartments(隔间) in hair follicles(毛囊), but get stuck as people age and so lose their ability to mature and maintain hair color, a new study shows. Led by researchers from NYU Grossman School of Medicine, the new work focused on cells in the skin of mice and also found in humans called melanocyte stem cells, or McSCs. Hair color is controlled by whether nonfunctional but continually multiplying pools of McSCs within hair follicles get the signal to become mature cells that make the protein pigment(色素) responsible for color. The new study showed that McSCs are remarkably plastic. This means that during normal hair growth, such cells continually move back and forth between maturity and immaturity as they move between compartments of the developing hair follicle. It is inside these compartments that McSCs are exposed to different levels of maturity-influencing protein signals. The researchers found that as hair ages, comes off, and then repeatedly grows back, increasing numbers of McSCs get stuck in the stem cell compartment. They remain there, do not mature into the transit-amplifying state, and do not travel back to their original location in the germ compartment, where they regenerate into pigment cells. Specifically, the research team found that McSCs transform between their most primitive stem cell state and the next stage of their maturation, depending on their location. “Our study adds to our basic understanding of how McSCs work to color hair,”said study lead investigator Qi Sun, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow at NYU Langone Health. “The newfound mechanisms raise the possibility that the same fixed-positioning of McSCs may exist in humans. If so, it presents a potential pathway for changing over or preventing the graying of human hair by helping jammed cells to move again between developing hair follicle compartments.” 12. What is the function of mature McSCs? A. Receiving maturity signal. B. Making protein pigments. C. Stopping hair from being colored. D. Sending maturity-influencing protein signals. 13. What determines the state of McSCs? A. Their quantity. B. Their growing time. C. Their size. D. Their position. 14. What can be concluded from the study? A. Hair will stop growing as it ages. B. Gray hair will no longer mature. C. Stuck McSCs cause hair to turn gray. D. Gray hair can eventually grow normal. 15. What did Qi Sun express in the last paragraph? A. The potential application of the finding. B. The principle behind the result of the study. C. The basic understanding of McSCs. D. The possibility of developing hair follicle compartments. 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 A large part of the world’s total sugar supply comes from beets. Most markets carry this sugar, but it may not always be clearly labeled. You may think the white sugar you just bought is made from sugarcane. ___16___ Beets have been an important crop in human agriculture for centuries, with evidence of their planting dating back to ancient civilizations in Europe. However, it was not until the16th century that beets’ potential as a source of sugar was realized. ___17___ Later, they slowly spread to America. One key advantage of using beets for sugar is that compared to sugarcane, beets can be planted in cooler regions. ___18___ Beet sugar is also easier to produce. just requiring very basic processing. So in consideration of the cost- effective characteristics, beets are an attractive alternative to sugarcane. ___19___ The initial step involves washing and cutting up the beets, followed by passing them through a machine that forces hot water past the beet pieces. The resulting juice is then combined with liquids squeezed from the beets. The mixture is then heated, leading to a thick, sweet liquid. Finally, the liquid is further processed to obtain beet sugar, which is chemically nearly identical to sugarcane sugar. The quantities of beet sugar and sugarcane sugar can be used equally in baking recipes. ___20___ While some people are able to tell a difference, many others can’t tell whether a baked treat has been made with beet sugar or sugarcane sugar. So beet sugar sometimes can replace sugarcane sugar in a baking recipe. A. Beets can be easily processed. B. But its source may be actually beets. C. The flavour of baked goods is quite similar. D. Let’s look at how exactly to make beet sugar. E. In most cases, people tend to eat sugarcane sugar. F. Besides, beets are tougher and able to grow on land of poor quality. G. Therefore, beet sugar processing plants began to be built in Europe. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Tineke Vanobbergen found herself torn when it was time for her to return to her job. As a new mom she was anxious about ___21___ her baby. Although Alix’s dad, Kenny Deuss, would do fine, Tineke wanted ___22___: a picture every single day. Kenny sent ___23___ photos for the first week — Alix sleeping, Alix eating… — and Tineke felt better. But Kenny was bored ___24___ the same shots over and over. So an idea ___25___ his mind. The next week, when Tineke opened her lunchtime photo, she got a(n) ___26___. The picture was Alix in a ___27___ position in an astronaut suit with a sign to travel to the moon. “___28___, I had to ask, ‘Can he sit?’ because he was only three months old,” said Tineke. But she quickly ___29___ that Kenny used digital editing software to make it look like baby Alix was sitting up all by himself, ready to rocket into space. Tineke then showed it to all her ____30____, and the collective admiration that followed generated a regular ____31____. So every Tuesday, Kenny would send a new photo ____32____ Alix in a digitally manipulated (修改过的；处理过的) seemingly worrisome situation. Kenny had lots of fun with the baby while posing him for ____33____ photos. So did the baby. This ____34____ dad was correcting the ____35____ in general — fathers cannot take care of children easily. 21. A. giving up B. hearing from C. parting from D. bringing up 22. A. proof B. attention C. help D. advice 23. A. funny B. clear C. quality D. normal 24. A. describing B. texting C. collecting D. repairing 25. A. carried B. clouded C. obeyed D. occupied 26. A. surprise B. explanation C. problem. D. award 27. A. standing B. running C. sitting D. lying 28. A. Actively B. Obviously C. Eventually D. Typically 29. A. determined B. ensured C. imagined D. perceived 30. A. relatives B. associates C. clients D. neighbors 31. A. visit B. program C. demand D. meeting 32. A. featuring B. recalling C. reporting D. testing 33. A. novel B. superior C. elegant D. thrilling 34. A. responsible B. curious C. experienced D. creative 35. A. debate B. misbelief C. conflict D. disadvantage 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Every Wednesday afternoon, Le Duc, An, a Vietnamese, PhD student at Beijing University of Technology, practices calligraphy in the calligraphy group. The 33- year- old ___36___ (study) Chinese calligraphy for nearly three years. “___37___ (expose) to Vietnamese calligraphy when I was a child, I found it was one of the things that made the biggest impression on me,” An says., When he came to Beijing in 2019 for his PhD studies focusing on the environment, he also spent time practicing Chinese calligraphy, committing ___38___ (he) in earnest to the journey of learning the art. ___39___ (initial), An says that he did not understand the techniques in Chinese calligraphy, but with the help of Professor Liu Hongli, he gradually came to understand the meaning behind the characters and the techniques in calligraphy. ___40___ (gain) a deeper understanding of calligraphy, An has visited many ancient sites in Beijing, including the Confucius Temple and the Forbidden City. He has also participated ___41___ a number of calligraphy competitions, both at school and international events. An says that places ___42___ he has seen treasured, scrolls of calligraphy have left a profound impression, and are ___43___ major source of inspiration, “Calligraphy has become a part of me,” An says. “Whenever I see Chinese calligraphy from different ___44___ (dynasty), and on sculptures and at historical sites, I find myself impressed by the ____45____ (vast) and depth of Chinese culture.”? 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，请以“Be Energy- smart”为主题写一篇倡议书，谈一谈在日常生活中如何节电的做法（至少两点）。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节：（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “This Saturday, we’ll be visiting cats at the animal shelter. If you’d like to join us, here’s an application form”, said Ms. Delgado, the school librarian who had held the reading engagement event for students. Ben loved cats and he had always wanted one, so he hurried to take an application form. Then Ms. Delgado added, “We’ll be reading to the cats and award readers who make most progress.” Ben stopped. Reading al oud can be a challenging task. Ben might feel his heart racing, his palms sweating, and his voice shaking as he read. He might stumble over words or lose his place in the text. He might feel like everyone was watching him and judging him. Still, he really wanted to visit the cats, so he took an application form anyway. On Saturday, Ben arrived at the shelter with some of his classmates. “This is Max,” the shelter worker told Ben as she handed him a gray cat. Ben carried Max to a beanbag chair and sat down. Max settled onto his lap. He took a book he’d been working on and started reading. Max, very different from other cats walking around the room while the kids read, purred (发出呼噜声) on his lap as if he had understood what Ben read. “I’m glad Max is staying and listening to my reading and he is the best cat ever,” Ben told Dad excitedly. “I’m glad you two are friends,” Dad said. All week, Ben’s heart was filled with anxiety as he waited for Saturday to arrive. He was eager to read to Max and the anticipation of spending time with his feline (猫咪的) friend made him restless and nervous. When it arrived, Ben got to read to Max again. “What if someone adopts Max?” Ben asked Dad later. “I guess you’d read to a different cat,” Dad said. “But I don’t want a different cat. I wish we could adopt Max,” Ben said to Dad. He knew they couldn’t because Mom had allergies (过敏). Ben loved the cat so much that he even told his next-door neighbor, Mrs. Patel, about Max. “Max sounds like a special cat,” said Mrs. Patel. 注意： 1.续写词数应为 150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Week by week, Ben realized that reading seemed easier with Max’s company. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ But on Saturday Ben couldn’t find Max at the shelter. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$