UNIT 4 Humour Section Ⅲ Grammar(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar 项目一 进行时 一、基本概念 现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时和将来进行时属于英语进行时态的语法范畴，表示在某一时刻正在进行的动作。 二、语法规则 (一)现在完成进行时 1．含义 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者始于过去，现在刚刚终止，但注重的是结果。 2．构成 have/has＋been＋doing 3．用法 (1)表示过去某一时刻发生的动作一直持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。 He has been playing computer games all day. 他一天都在玩电脑游戏。 I have been working for this company for three years. 我在这个公司已工作三年了。 (2)表示某一动作从过去开始，一直持续到说话时刚刚结束。 Sorry! I'm late.How long have you been waiting for me? 对不起！我来迟了。你等了我多长时间？ (3)表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复发生的动作。 The teacher has been telling us to be careful all the term. 整个学期，老师一直在告诉我们要细心。 (4)表达较重的感情色彩。 You have been daydreaming but never make an effort. 你一直在做白日梦，但从不努力。 4．时间标志 现在完成进行时常与all the time，all the morning，these few days，all night等表示一段时间的状语连用。另外，如果表示某一动作的起点，可用since引导的短语或从句，如果表示某一动作的全部时间，可用for引导的短语。 He has been hoping for a raise in salary all the time. 他一直盼着加薪。 They have been quarreling since two days ago. 自从两天前以来，他们一直在吵架。 [即学活用1]　完成句子 ①Tom has been working hard (一直在努力学习) since the new term began. ②I have been playing football (一直在踢足球) all the morning，so I'm sweating heavily. 5．现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别 (1)现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性；而现在完成时强调的是某个刚刚完成的动作，或某个过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。 I have been thinking it over. 我一直在仔细考虑。(延续性) I have thought it over. 我已经仔细考虑过这件事了。 (2)现在完成进行时可以表示动作的反复性；现在完成时一般不表示动作的反复性。 Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近经常见到他吗？(反复性) Have you met him recently? 你最近见过他吗？ (3)现在完成进行时有时含有某种感情色彩；现在完成时一般表示平铺直叙。 I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你两个小时。(表示不满) I have waited for you for two hours. 我已经等了你两个小时。 [即学活用2]　完成句子 ①He has developed a good habit (养成了好习惯) of independent learning.No wonder he ranks first in every exam in his class. ②Now that Lucy is out of work，she has been considering going back (一直考虑回去) to school，but she hasn't decided (未决定) yet. (二)过去完成进行时 1．含义 过去完成进行时表示过去某时开始并持续到过去某时的动作。 2．构成 had (not)＋been＋doing 3．用法 (1)过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，该动作可能刚刚结束，也可能还在继续。如： The telephone had been ringing for two minutes before it was answered. 电话一直响了两分钟才有人接。 She had been trying to find a job.She still hadn't found one. 她一直在找工作。但是她还是没有找到。 (2)过去完成进行时必须以一个过去的时间为前提。 They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came. 他们只等了一会儿公共汽车就来了。 (3)若上下文语境充分，过去的时间可省略。 He was tired.He had been working all day. 他累了。他工作了一整天。 (4)过去完成进行时还可与具有“突然”意义的when从句(该从句用一般过去时)连用。 I had only been reading a few minutes when my little brother came in. 我刚看书几分钟，我弟弟就进来了。 [即学活用3]　单句语法填空 ①Louisa was out of breath，because she had been running (run) all the morning. ②After walking for ten minutes，George suddenly realised that he had been walking (walk) in the wrong direction. ③Until Vivian got married，she had been living (live) with her grandma. ④By the end of last month，the Smiths had been travelling (travel) in America. 4．过去完成进行时与过去完成时的区别 过去完成进行时强调某个过去事件之前发生的、较长时间段内进行的动作，或过去某个时间点内反复进行或还在进行的动作；过去完成时表示过去某一时间之前已经发生的动作，或一个动作在另一个过去动作发生前已经完成。 She had been cleaning the room, and we went to help her. 她一直在打扫房间，我们去帮她。(强调打扫的动作一直在进行) She had cleaned the room, so it was very tidy. 她打扫了房间，所以很整洁。(强调打扫的动作已经完成) [即学活用4]　单句语法填空 ①After he had been lecturing (lecture) for half an hour，Professor Brown had a drink of water. ②Henry didn't go to bed until he had finished (finish) his homework. ③She had been suffering (suffer) from a bad cold when she took the exam. ④They received the parcel that they had been expecting (expect) for a long time. ⑤Nancy had thought (think) of visiting her grandmother，but the bad weather made her change her mind. (三)将来进行时 1．含义 将来进行时表示将来某时持续进行的动作。 2．构成 shall/will (not)＋be＋doing 3．用法 (1)表示将来某一时间段内或某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。常与将来的时间状语连用。 Don't phone me between 8：00 and 9：00 tomorrow.We'll be having classes then. 明天8点到9点之间不要给我打电话，我们那时正在上课。 I will be studying in America next year. 我明年将在美国学习。 (2)表示已经安排好要发生的动作。 We shall be meeting in Carrefour at 6 o'clock this afternoon. 我们将于今天下午六点在家乐福见面。 Tom will be seeing his friend off at the airport tomorrow. 汤姆明天将到机场为他的朋友送行。 (3)表示预测可能会发生的事。 When I arrive home，my mother will probably be waiting for me for lunch. 当我到家时，我妈妈可能正在等我吃饭。 If we keep working hard like this，we will be making a miracle. 如果我们继续这样努力工作的话，我们会创造奇迹的。 (4)将来进行时用于疑问句、条件状语从句或I hope/think 等的宾语从句中，表示亲切或委婉的语气。 If you will be needing me for help，please let me know. 你如果需要我的帮助，请告诉我。 Will you be staying here long? 你会长时间待在这儿吗？ [即学活用5]　单句语法填空 ①Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching (teach) a class at that time. ②－Could I use your car tomorrow morning? －Sure.I will be writing (write) a report at home. ③At ten o'clock tomorrow，she will be working (work) in her office. ④If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring，you will be eating (eat) fresh watermelon in the fall. (四)将来进行时与一般将来时的区别 1．将来进行时表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。而一般将来时表示将来要做的事、事先没有考虑而只是在说话时做出的临时的决定或表示事物的倾向性、规律性和习惯。 I will be reading a book at 10：00 tomorrow morning. 明天上午10点我(肯定)正在看书。(将来正在进行的动作) It is a terribly heavy box.Don't worry，I'll help you to carry it. 这是一个很重的箱子。别担心，让我来帮你。(临时决定) Fish will die without water. 鱼没有水就会死。 2．be going to do表示计划、打算和安排要发生或有种种迹象表明将要发生的事；而将来进行时表示主观上臆断和猜测要发生某事。 It will be snowing now in London. 现在伦敦可能在下雪。(强调主观上臆断和猜测) Tom is going to cut the grass tomorrow. 汤姆明天打算去割草。(计划、打算和安排) [即学活用6]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①－Can I call you back at two o'clock this afternoon? －I'm sorry，but by then I will be flying (fly) to Beijing.How about five? ②－What time is it? －I have no idea.But just a minute，I will check (check) it for you. ③She will be (be) twenty­four years old next year. ④At 10 o'clock tomorrow，she will be (be) in her office and she will be writing (write) a report for the manager. ⑤This term will end in July and I will be going back home in the country (我就要回到乡下的家里去)． ⑥I shall be visiting my grandmother (应该正在看望我的祖母) at three this afternoon. ⑦Look at the lightning in the sky.It is going to rain (要下雨了) soon，I'm afraid. 项目二 副词 一、基本概念 副词是一种修饰动词、形容词或句子的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等。 She does her work very carefully. 她做工作非常仔细。 It is certainly fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. 当然很有趣，但是这种生活方式有点不真实。 It must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 有烟和噪音，这对乘客来说肯定不舒服。 二、语法规则 (一)副词的作用 副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。常在句中作状语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、介词宾语等成分。 He got up early this morning. She speaks softly. The building there looks very small. [注意]　有些副词可修饰名词，用以加强语气，相当于状语。常用的这类副词为quite, rather, even等。 We held quite a party last weekend. Even a child won't believe such a story you told. (二)副词的分类 时间副词 yesterday，now，today，recently，late，soon，yet 频率副词 often，always，usually，seldom，frequently 地点副词 away，abroad，anywhere，downstairs，behind，here，there 方式副词 happily，clearly，carefully，badly，quietly，quickly 程度副词 almost，a little，much，very，rather，quite，fairly，deeply 疑问连接副词 when，where，why，how 否定副词 not，hardly，scarcely，rarely，never 1.时间副词表示事情发生的时间 now, today, yesterday, tomorrow, before, soon, early等往往决定了该语句表达的时态。 Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。 Did you tell me to finish the work the day after tomorrow? 你是告诉我们后天完成任务吧？ 2．频率副词表示事情发生的频率 (1)部分频率副词频率高低的排序：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly, never。 (2)还有说明次数的副词once, twice等。 (3)频率副词经常出现在一般现在时态的语句中，表示规律性的动作或习惯。 Ben often goes to the cinema with his friend. 本经常和他的朋友出去看电影。 The whole team count on Tom, and he seldom lets them down. 全队都指望汤姆，而他也很少让他们失望。 3．地点副词表示事情发生的地点 there, here, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, near, up, away等地点副词一般表示事情发生的地点。 I pretended not to care but I was screaming inside. 表面上我佯装不在乎，但内心却在高声喊叫。 She has asked to be left alone but the press photographers follow her everywhere. 她要求别打扰她。但是摄影记者到处跟着她。 4．方式副词表示一件事情是如何做的 carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, carelessly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly等一般表示事情进行的方式。 We should teach our children to behave properly in public. 我们应该教导子女在公共场合要有规有矩。 It normally takes us 20 minutes to get there. 去那儿通常情况下要花我们20分钟。 5．程度副词表示事情发展的程度 much, little, very, rather, so, too, still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely, almost, slightly等程度副词一般说明事物发展到什么程度。 She found it extremely difficult to get a suitable job. 她发觉找一份合适的工作极其困难。 I didn't fail the exam; in fact, I did rather well! 我没有不及格，事实上，我考得不错。 (三)副词在句中的位置 时间副词和地点副词一般放在句尾。如果这两种副词同时出现在句中，则把地点副词放在时间副词前面，也可把时间副词放在句首。但always, seldom，often，never，rarely等副词通常放在行为动词之前，放在情态动词、助动词和be动词之后。 They will go there tomorrow. 他们明天将去那里。 I often go to school at seven in the morning. 我通常早上7点去学校。 My brother is seldom late for school. 我弟弟上学很少迟到。 [注意]　①enough作为副词时总是置于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。 The book is easy enough for little kids. 这本书对小孩来说很容易。 ②enough作形容词时，可置于名词之前或之后。 We haven't enough time/time enough to prepare for the meeting. 我们已经没有足够的时间为会议作准备了。 [即学活用7]　选词填空 suddenly， properly， almost， normally， perfectly， fairly， fast， occasionally， recently， frequently ①It is only recently that historians have begun to look into the question. ②When he had to speak to her, his courage suddenly escaped him.(续写之心理描写) ③He was so absorbed in his work that he frequently stayed up until the midnight. ④She is especially good at traditional Chinese landscape painting, but occasionally she does oils too. ⑤I haven't used my French for years and have forgotten almost all of it. ⑥The problem will not be difficult to solve, if properly handled. ⑦We are fast approaching a time when the roar of a tiger in the wild will be replaced forever by silence. ⑧They normally charge three hundred pounds but we got it for half price. ⑨It is perfectly clear who are our friends and who are our enemies. ⑩I knew him fairly well, but I wouldn't say we were really close friends. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．I hear Mr.Smith is writing (write) a novel about World War Ⅱ. 2．What have you been doing (do) since I last saw you? 3．She was out of breath.She had been running (run) for half an hour. 4．I had learned (learn) 1,000 English words till then. 5．Great changes have taken (take) place in my hometown in the past few years. 6．If it's sunny tomorrow, they will go (go) climbing. 7．Have you seen him lately (late)? 8．Now that you are familiar with the author's ideas, try reading all the sections as quickly (quick) as possible. 9．If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally (final) you'll succeed. 10．Shortly (short) after suffering a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look. 11．The police set out in search of other children who might survive Guizhou's dustbins after 5 deaths for warmth. 12．Even if the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year. 13．One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help. 14．Gradually (gradual) the surrounding farmland turned into residential areas. 15．He had been waiting (wait) for over an hour and was begining to feel irritable. 16．Yesterday I was walking downstairs when I missed my foot and had a bad fall, nothing serious, though. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．王教授在下周相同的时间里将就这个问题再做一次报告。 Professor Wang will be giving another report on this subject at the same time next week. 2．在上高中之前，他已经学了八年英语了。 He had been studying English for 8 years before he went to senior high school. 3．自九岁起他就开始收集各种各样的邮票。 He has been collecting all kinds of stamps since he was nine years old. 4．请保持安静！他们现在正在开会。 Keep quiet, please! They are holding a meeting now. 5．雨季最令人愉悦的一点就是你可以完全摆脱灰尘的干扰。 The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust. 6．只有当我们冷静应对紧急状况时，我们才能更好地解决问题。 Only when we react to emergencies in life calmly, can we solve problems in a better way. 7．他没有去过英国以外的任何地方。 He has never been anywhere outside Britain. 8．他总是第一个来，最后一个离开。 He is always the first one to come and the last one to leave. 9．很快我就要毕业了，我将成为现实世界的一部分。 Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Ⅲ.用动词的适当时态、语态填空 The eager fans 1.had arrived (arrive) at the stadium before it was opened.They 2.had been waiting (wait) 3 hours before they finally got the tickets for the basketball match.Now they 3.are watching (watch) the match excitedly and they 4.have been enjoying(enjoy) it for 2 hours already.They hope they 5.will be watching (watch) another football match at this time next week. Ⅳ.语法填空 At the center of the mall was the perfect Santa with a real white beard.My six­year­old granddaughter, Leah, waited in line for her turn to sit on his leg. “I don't know what to say，” Leah said 1.thoughtfully (thoughtful)． “He'll ask you what you want for Christmas，” her mother, Leanne, said, “and you just tell him.I'll write 2.down your requests on a list so you won't forget them.” Going to see Santa was such an important appointment for a six­year­old.No child should have any worries 3.bigger (big) than that. 4．Finally (final) we reached the head of the line.One of Santa's helpers waved Leah up to Santa and lifted her 5.lightly (light) onto his leg.Within seconds he had her 6.talking (talk) like they were old friends.Leah 7.shyly (shy) handed him her list.Santa read it over very 8.carefully (careful) before placing it beside him.Leah jumped off his leg and ran into my arms. The coming days were filled with the last­minute preparations for the holiday.It was all worth it as I watched Leah tear 9.joyfully (joyful) into her presents on Christmas morning.It was the perfect Christmas as 10.far as I could see. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．It has been raining (rain) for a week.How long do you think it will last? 2．Up to now, the gifted child has won (win) three national prizes in music. 3．Tom has been working (work) in the library every night over the last three months. 4．I didn't go to see the film last week because I had seen (see) it twice. 5．Finally，Robin won first prize in the competition.He had been trying (try) several times before. 6．When Alice came to，she did not know how long she had been lying (lie) there. 7．E­hongbao is actually (actual) a kind of lucky money from and to relatives and friends during festivals or on special occasions. 8．He has been listening (listen) to English programs since he came to the US，so he has made (make) great progress. 9．Paula says that she will be working (work) late every evening next month. 10．At 7 o'clock this evening we will be celebrating (celebrate) Tom's birthday. 11．I first met Lisa three years ago.She was working (work) at a radio shop at that time. 12．Sixteen years earlier (early)，Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal. 13．Besides (beside)，they often get some useful information from the Internet. 14．I have been repairing (repair) my washing machine the whole morning.I must get it done before lunch. 15．He had been waiting (wait) for over an hour and was beginning to feel irritable. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．I've been writing the composition for two hours (我已经写了两个小时的作文了)，but I haven't finished it yet. 2．I have been waiting to see you (我一直等着见你) for a long time. 3．I can't attend his wedding tomorrow，for I'll be having a meeting then (因为那时我在开会)． 4．Indeed，travelling around this country will truly give you (真正地给你) an amazing experience because of its interesting things offered to all types of tourists. 5．It is the first time that I've heard of (我第一次听说) the story about Crop Circles. 6．When I first met Jerry，he had been studying (他一直在学习) in this country for five years. 7．This is the best film(that) I've ever seen (我所看过的)． 8．This time next week I'll be lying on the beach (我就会躺在沙滩上了)． 9．We had been waiting for (一直在等待着) Charles for half an hour by the time he arrived. 10．Nearly five years ago (约在五年前)，and with the help of our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes in our back garden. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$