精品解析：黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学校2024-2025学年高二上学期开学英语试题

哈尔滨市第九中学2024—2025学年度上学期 高二开学考试英语学科考试试卷 第一部分 听力测试(共两节，满分20分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．How much will the woman lend the man? A．$ 30. B．$ 20. C．$ 10. 2．What does the man ask the woman to do? A．Collect her aunt. B．Tidy up the house. C．Help in the kitchen. 3．What are the speakers doing? A．Seeing a movie B．Reading books. C．Waiting in line. 4．Where are the speakers? A．In a hotel. B．In a restaurant. C．In a shop. 5．What are the speakers talking about? A．Where to enlarge the market. B．When to lower the price. C．How to increase sales. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出 5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．How does the woman sound at first? A．Upset. B．Surprised. C．Curious. 7．What does the man advise the woman to do? A．Update related software. B．Restart her computer. C．Close all her files. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．Why does the woman come to the store? A．To introduce a product. B．To buy an item. C．To seek a job. 9．What does the woman ask about? A．The delivery charge. B．The product line. C．The after- sales service. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10．What does the man plan to do? A．Move house. B．Buy an instrument. C．Join the woman’s team. 11．What worries the man? A．The living room needs decorating. B．The piano may be damaged. C．The door may be too small. 12．What does the woman offer the man? A．A lawyer’s phone number. B．A legal document. C．A packing box. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13．What is the project aimed at? A．Organizing a music event. B．Creating a school news station. C．Starting a student- run radio series. 14．What are the students encouraged to do? A．Share their ideas. B．Listen to a radio show. C．Raise funds for the project. 15．What do we know about the woman? A．She has many hobbies. B．She is environmentally aware. C．She wants to interview teachers. 16．What is the man interested in? A．Hi-tech products. B．Popular music. C．Learning methods. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17．Where was the speaker raised? A．In Vermont. B．In Montana. C．In New York. 18．What does the speaker think of people in Vermont? A．They are busy. B．They are friendly. C．They are distant. 19．What does the speaker say about her life in Vermont? A．It is hard to get used to. B．It is work-life balance. C．It is boring and tired. 20．What does the speaker want her friends to try in winter? A．Ice fishing B．Hiking. C．Skiing. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A When it comes to hiking, Greece has something for every kind of walker. The mainland boasts (拥有)well-maintained routes, while on the country’s islands you’ll find ancient paths dating back to Byzantine times connecting sleepy villages with beautiful sandy coves (小海湾). Here’s our pick of Greece’s best hikes.  Samaria Gorge(峡谷), Crete 16 kilometers(10 miles), 4 hours Hiking the 16-kilometer Samaria Gorge is considered one of Crete’s must-do experiences, which is why you’ll rarely be without company. Nevertheless, there’s an undeniable raw beauty to Samaria, where vertical (垂直的) walls soar up to 500 meters and are just 3.5 meters apart at the narrowest point (150 meters at the broadest). The hike begins at 1,230 meters at Xyloskalo just south of Omalos and ends in the coastal village of Agia Roumeli. It’s especially scenic in April and May, when wildflowers brighten the route.  Mt Ohi summit hike, Evia 8 kilometers(5 miles), 3 to 4 hours The summit of Mt Ohi (Profitis Ilias; 1,398 m), lesser-visited Evia’s third-highest peak, is crowned by mysterious ancient dragon houses: 7th century BC architecture, made from rocks weighing several tons. From Myli, it’s an 8-kilometer hike to the summit (three to four hours). It’s possible to stay overnight at the 1,000-meter-high refuge then hike up Mt Ohi to catch the sunrise(30 minutes), which makes for a magical experience. Contact South Evia Tours or Evia Adventure Tours for details.  Delphi to Kirra Walk, Central Greece 14 kilometers (9 miles), 3 to 4 hours This 14-kilometer downhill hike follows a centuries-old pathway from historic Delphi to the ancient port of Kirra, just east of modern Itea on the southern coast of mainland Greece. The hike starts from the E4 long-distance starting point 100 meters east of the Hotel Acropole. Skirting the village of Crissa, it goes to the gulf (海湾) through Greece’s largest olive garden. After your three-to-four-hour hike, and lunch or a swim, you can return to Delphi by bus (around 2 euros).  Hike to the Tomb of Kleobolus, Rhodes 5 kilometers(3 miles), 2 hours An easy, enjoyable 5-kilometer(two-hour)round-trip hike escapes Lindos to reach the so-called Tomb of Kleobolus. Starting alongside Car Park 1 above the main beach, the route ends at a rocky hill topped by a circular tomb actually built during the 2nd century BC, long after Kleobolus ruled Rhodes. 1. What is the raw beauty of Samaria? A. High and narrow gorges. B. Magical sunset. C. Wildflowers throughout the year. D. Mysterious large rocks. 2. What will visitors see during the Mt Ohi summit hike, Evia? A Ancient buildings. B. Evia’s highest peak. C. A circular tomb. D. Greece’s largest olive garden. 3. What can we learn about the Delphi to Kirra Walk? A. It lets visitors experience the modern world of Greece. B. Visitors are recommended to get back to Delphi by ship. C. The route connects two places with a long history. D. It is a challenging route through a rocky hill. B In March, 2021, the much-loved children’s author Beverly Cleary passed away at age 104. Cleary’s writing changed the world of children’s books by showing that stories about the lives of ordinary kids could be interesting, funny, and popular. Cleary was born in 1916. As a child, she had trouble learning to read. Even after she learned to love reading, she felt like the people she was reading about didn’t have much to do with her and her life, which were unattractive to her. She wanted to read funny books about children like herself. When she grew up, Cleary realized there weren’t many books about ordinary kids. So she set out to write them at age 30 and tried to get kids hooked on reading since she found they didn’t show much interest in books. Cleary’s first book, Henry Huggins, came out in 1950.It tells the story of a boy and the dog that he takes in. Soon Cleary wrote more books about Henry Huggins and the other children in his neighborhood. Ramona Quimby, also known as Ramona the Pest, became Cleary’s best known book. The Mouse and the Motorcycle tells the exciting story of a motorcycle-riding mouse and his friendship with a young boy. But that sort of fantasy was unusual for Cleary, who usually focused on real life. In several books, the parents have money trouble or are unhappy with their jobs. Dear Mr. Henshaw tells the story of a boy dealing with his parents’ breaking-off. Cleary had kept writing for 53 years, creating over 40 books in all. She won almost every award there was for children’s books, including the Newbery Medal and the National Book Award. Though Cleary is no longer with us, her characters and stories will beloved and shared for years to come. 4. How did Cleary find the books she read as a kid? A. Difficult. B. Expensive. C. Frightening. D. Boring. 5. What does the underlined part “hooked on” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. To dream of. B. To learn from. C. To deeply enjoy. D. To easily provide. 6. Which of the following is a fantasy? A. Dear Mr. Henshaw. B. The Mouse and the Motorcycle. C. Henry Huggins. D. Ramona the Pest. 7. How old was Cleary when she stopped writing? A. About 53. B. About 63. C. About 73. D. About 83. C When the patient arrives, it can barely move its body. The parrot tries to spread its green wings — and fails — to fly. It is just one of dozens of rainbow lorikeets (彩虹鹦鹉) being treated for a mysterious paralyzing (瘫痪) illness in Australia. Cases of what is called lorikeet paralysis syndrome (LPS) have been increasing over the past decade, says vet Claude Lacasse. But scientists are puzzled as to what is causing it. Claude has partnered with several researchers to try solving the mystery. So far, they’ve ruled out hundreds of human-made chemicals as well as various infectious diseases. Their current theory is that LPS is caused by a plant the birds are eating, something that flowers or fruits between late spring and early fall — when cases always rise. But researchers have no idea which plant or plants might be involved, why the disease is getting worse or whether climate change is playing a role. For now, their top priority is figuring out everything the sick lorikeets are eating. Ecologist Rachele Wilson used a technique involving testing DNA in sick birds’ droppings to match it to specific plant DNA. These data suggest the birds are feeding on more than 130 plant species, at least 30 of which are probably poisonous. Other researchers are not just looking at plant DNA but also at bacterial and animal DNA to allow for the possibility that the birds are swallowing a poisonous insect in fruit, or a poison produced by bacteria found on a plant. It’s possible climate change plays a role by driving rainbow lorikeets to seek out unusual food sources. Animals are broadening their hunting range and going into more traditionally uninviting areas to find food, including fruit, seeds and, strangely, even meat. With climate change causing more extreme weather events and intensely hot summers, the need to find what’s paralyzing rainbow lorikeets — and probably other species — is of urgent concern. “They’re amazing birds,” Phalen says. “It’s hard to see them as sick as they are.” 8. What is the primary task of Claude and his team in their research? A Identifying lorikeets’ living habits. B. Discovering what lorikeets are feeding on. C. Deciding what chemicals led to LPS. D. Locating where lorikeets usually gather. 9. What can we learn about other researchers in paragraph 3? A. They collected data from a specific area. B. They identified DNA hidden in different plants. C. They take more possibilities into consideration. D. They have found the number of plants lorikeets eat. 10. How does climate change possibly influence rainbow lorikeets? A. By making a change in their diets. B. By enlarging their habitats. C. By lengthening their hunting season. D. By forcing them to settle in cooler areas. 11. What is the best title for the text? A. Endangered Rare Species in Australia B. Strange Diseases Striking Australian Birds C. The Influence of Climate Change on Animals D. The Mystery of Australia’s Paralyzed Parrots D Eating a juicy steak is worse for the environment than frying up some tofu: that should come as no surprise. Going vegan can greatly cut the carbon footprint of your diet. But what about the fewer calories, and lower levels of protein, found in most plant-based foods when compared with meat? To make the relative carbon impact of foods easier to understand, The Economist proposes a banana index (指数). It compares popular foodstuffs in three aspects—weight, calories and protein—compared to the humble banana, a fruit of middling nutritional value and impact on weather conditions. Indexing greenhouse-gas emissions to a single food gives a sense of how different foodstuffs rank. Unfortunately for carnivores (食肉动物), beef is bad for the environment no matter how you slice it. Producing one kilogram of mince (馅) causes as many emissions as 109kg of bananas (call it a “banana score” of 109). As for nutritional value, beef’s banana score falls to 54 (one calorie of beef mince causes 54 times as much carbon emissions as one calorie of banana). By protein, it scores seven. Poultry (家禽) scores 11 bananas by weight and four by calorie. However as a source of protein, it is more carbon-friendly than bananas: poultry protein emits just three-fifths of the same amount of banana protein. The same applies to salmon. Unsurprisingly, plant-based alternatives to meat do even better: a meat-free burger, for instance, scores just one-fifth of the emissions of bananas per gram of protein. Our banana index relies on average emissions for a given food. In the real world some producers are more climate-friendly than others, and some foods travel farther to consumers. Our banana index also does not capture other environmental impacts, such as land and water use (though here too, beef tends to perform poorly). Voting in Europe suggests that most consumers want to be more climate-friendly—and with food production responsible for perhaps a quarter of global emissions, eating with the climate in mind would make a difference. Three-quarters of the respondents said they want labels that would explain the climate impact of their food. In the meantime, our banana index might help. 12. What’s the most likely reason for bananas to be chosen as an object of reference? A. Bananas have fewer calories and less protein. B. Bananas are a humble fruit. C. Bananas have the least impact on the environment. D. Bananas are of medium climate effect and nutrition. 13. According to the index, which one is more carbon-friendly as a source of protein? A. Beef B. A meat-free burger C. Poultry D. A banana 14. Which aspect of the index does paragraph 5 focus on? A. Its drawbacks B. Its benefits C. Its practical meanings D. Its principles 15. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. An approach to assessing nutritional value of food B. A way to measure the climate impact of food C. A great indicator of greenhouse-gas emissions D. A big helper in deciding what to buy 第二节(共5小题;每题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容从短文后的选项中选出最佳选项， 选项中的两项为多余选项。 Many of us set goals, but sometimes we fail to achieve them. There are many causes why we don’t manage to realize our goals.____16____There is a way, though, to help address this problem: set reminders. People employ a psychological strategy called cognitive (认知的) offloading, where we use a physical action to reduce demands on our brain. Specifically, we may outsource our intentions from being stored in our brains to reminders outside our head.____17____ Understanding the benefits of cognitive offloading can improve our ability to remember and follow through with our intentions. The biggest benefit is simply that it improves memory performance. It increases the probability that we will work towards the goals we need to reach. ____18____“The more we offload unimportant information, such as items on a shopping list, the more we can use our brain for those more significant cognitive tasks, such as creativity,” said Sam Gilbert, professor at the University College London. ____19____Still, there are potential negative parts for it. We are more likely to forget what we offloaded if we no longer access our storage, such as when our smartphone dies. We also tend to offload the important things we most want to remember. In a surprise test where their reminders were wiped clean, the participants were more likely to forget the important items and recall the unimportant ones, that is, the more important the intention we want to remember, the more likely we are to offload it—and to forget it. We’d better tend to create reminders when we think we need them, but not necessarily when we do need them. ____20____“If our understanding of our memory ability is wrong, this suggests that we will either overuse or underuse reminders,” Gilbert said. “We can learn by noticing the times that we have forgotten to do something and could have used reminders to help.” A. Cognitive offloading has noticeable benefits. B. One common reason is that we simply forget them. C. Besides, it can free up our limited cognitive resources. D. A good example can be documents on our smartphone calendars. E. The process of cognitive offloading helps us identify false information. F. Our beliefs about how good our memory is directly influence whether we set them. G. Other experts say it’s too soon to understand how cognitive offloading affects our brains. 第三部分：英语知识运用 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Not long ago, I was at a grocery store, and an elderly man in front of me was using a Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program card-what we used to call food stamps(食物券). The card reader kept ____21____ his payment. He’d obviously gone over his ____22____ for the month. He was confused about how it’d happened and more than ____23____ about the situation. While I was wondering whether the man would be displeased or ____24____ if I stepped in and offered to pay the difference (差额), the young cashier said, “Sir, this happens all the time. It’s not a problem. I promise we can ____25____ a solution together.” The line behind us was growing long, but the cashier didn’t show any ____26____ or anger. He confirmed the man was over his limit for the month but wasn’t over by much, so he helped the customer ____27____ which items he could make do without for the time being. Then he told his old customer that this was a common ____28____ and not a problem at all. The elderly man left with his dignity ____29____. He would _____30_____ have a sense of loyalty to that grocery-store chain. When it was my turn, I took note of the cashier’s name on his name tag. Arriving home, I sent an email to the manager of the store to _____31_____ the employee for his kindness and customer service. Soon, I received a reply with thanks from the manager, letting me know that my remarks would be _____32_____ in the employee’s file and noted each time he was up for a _____33_____. In the same way as his act of kindness brightened the life of the elderly man who was _____34_____ that day, I hope my act of kindness could have a(n)_____35_____ influence on that cashier’s career. 21. A. delaying B. declining C. searching D. repeating 22. A. expectation B. demand C. limit D. requirement 23. A. embarrassed B. delighted C. excited D. frightened 24. A. proud B. grateful C. curious D. peaceful 25. A. turn out B. make out C. work out D. carry out 26. A. impatience B. disbelief C. disappointment D. depression 27. A. share B. deliver C. remember D. determine 28. A. complaint B. occurrence C. excuse D. dilemma 29. A. discovered B. increased C. overlooked D. preserved 30. A. undoubtedly B. impossibly C. coincidentally D. hesitantly 31. A. recommend B. forgive C. compliment D. comment 32. A. included B. folded C. measured D. excluded 33. A. regulation B. negotiation C. investigation D. promotion 34. A. defending B. struggling C. competing D. starving 35. A. impressive B. attractive C. positive D. decisive 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The year 1970 witnessed the establishment of the World Earth Day. Over 50 years later, ____36____ started as a grassroots movement has exploded into an international day of attention and campaigns ____37____ (commit) to preserving the environment. According to the Earth Day Network, one of the largest activist organizations holding Earth Day events, many a ____38____ (participate) across the globe celebrate Earth Day in a different way. Rachel Carson’s book Silent Spring published in 1962 was among a series of critical environmental issues ____39____ (help) give birth to the environmental movement. The book brought ____40____ to light that the use of a pesticide called DDT was polluting rivers and destroying the eggs of birds like bald eagles. The number of the latter declined ____41____ (dramatic). Then, in 1969, a large oil leak near the Santa Barbara County coast ____42____ (drive) the then Senator Gaylord Nelson to put Earth Day on the national stage. In the past years since the first Earth Day, there ____43____ (be) a large number of major environment wins. Protection has been put in place on everything ____44____ clean water to endangered species. The theme of Earth Day 2023 is “Earth for All” the concept of ____45____ emphasizes human beings must respect nature, follow its ways and protect it. 第三节：单词拼写(共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分) 汉译英 46. 抱怨 v 47. 和谐n 48. 负有责任的 49. 功能 50. 捐赠，捐献 v 51. 观众 52. 全球的 53. 紧急情况 54. 概念 55. 精力充沛的 英译汉 56. passive 57. annual 58. accurate 59. distinguish 60. advantage 61. region 62. brief 63. instruction 64. interpret 65. consume 第四部分 写作(满分40分) 第一节：应用文写作(满分15分) 66. 假如你是李华，在你校学习的英国交换生Jack计划寒假回国看望亲友。他email你希望给他推荐几件有中国特色的礼物带回国。请根据提示给他写一封电子邮件。主要内容包括： 1. 推荐的礼物(至少两种)； 2. 推荐的理由； 3. 希望和祝愿。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jack, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节：读后续写(满分25分) 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Keeping up seemed so important when I was a teenager. Back in 1973, if you weren’t wearing Penn Loafers (乐福鞋) you’d just as soon go around in your bare feet. There was only one problem that year, I had bought Oxfords—but Penny Loafers were in. “I need some money for Penny Loafers.” I told my dad one afternoon at the place where he worked as a car mechanic. Dad looked at me for a full minute before he answered, “Wear those shoes one more day. Look at every pair of shoes you see at school. If you can tell me that you are worse off than the other kids, I’ll buy new shoes for you.” The next day, I did what Dad said. I saw many schoolmates wore torn shoes of the likes I’d never had to wear, and shoes with holes in them, but I had no intention of telling him the results. When school was out, I rushed to the place where Dad worked. It was quiet. Only an occasional clank (叮当声) of metal could be heard as Dad worked under a car. Then dad’s shoes came into my sight. They were old and black, the kind mechanics and service-station attendants wore. I saw the mended soles (鞋底) and the spliced laces (拼接的鞋带) . “You do what I told you today?” “Yes, sir.” “Well, what do you want to do?” He looked as though he might know what my answer would be. “I still want the Penny Loafers.” I forced myself not to look at his shoes. Dad handed me ten dollars. I took the money and went to the store two blocks down the street. A rack (货架) on a far wall appeared as if it had a million pairs of black Penny Loafers resting on it. On a rack next to it was a sign that reads “CLEARANCE 50% OFF”.Below the sign sat several “young” versions ofDad’s shoes. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 My mind was playing Pingpong ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I ran back to the shop and put Dad’s new shoes on the seat in his car. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 哈尔滨市第九中学2024—2025学年度上学期 高二开学考试英语学科考试试卷 第一部分 听力测试(共两节，满分20分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．How much will the woman lend the man? A．$ 30. B．$ 20. C．$ 10. 2．What does the man ask the woman to do? A．Collect her aunt. B．Tidy up the house. C．Help in the kitchen. 3．What are the speakers doing? A．Seeing a movie B．Reading books. C．Waiting in line. 4．Where are the speakers? A．In a hotel. B．In a restaurant. C．In a shop. 5．What are the speakers talking about? A．Where to enlarge the market. B．When to lower the price. C．How to increase sales. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出 5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．How does the woman sound at first? A．Upset. B．Surprised. C．Curious. 7．What does the man advise the woman to do? A．Update related software. B．Restart her computer. C．Close all her files. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．Why does the woman come to the store? A．To introduce a product. B．To buy an item. C．To seek a job. 9．What does the woman ask about? A．The delivery charge. B．The product line. C．The after- sales service. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10．What does the man plan to do? A．Move house. B．Buy an instrument. C．Join the woman’s team. 11．What worries the man? A．The living room needs decorating. B．The piano may be damaged. C．The door may be too small. 12．What does the woman offer the man? A．A lawyer’s phone number. B．A legal document. C．A packing box. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13．What is the project aimed at? A．Organizing a music event. B．Creating a school news station. C．Starting a student- run radio series. 14．What are the students encouraged to do? A．Share their ideas. B．Listen to a radio show. C．Raise funds for the project. 15．What do we know about the woman? A．She has many hobbies. B．She is environmentally aware. C．She wants to interview teachers. 16．What is the man interested in? A．Hi-tech products. B．Popular music. C．Learning methods. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17．Where was the speaker raised? A．In Vermont. B．In Montana. C．In New York. 18．What does the speaker think of people in Vermont? A．They are busy. B．They are friendly. C．They are distant. 19．What does the speaker say about her life in Vermont? A．It is hard to get used to. B．It is work-life balance. C．It is boring and tired. 20．What does the speaker want her friends to try in winter? A．Ice fishing. B．Hiking. C．Skiing. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A When it comes to hiking, Greece has something for every kind of walker. The mainland boasts (拥有)well-maintained routes, while on the country’s islands you’ll find ancient paths dating back to Byzantine times connecting sleepy villages with beautiful sandy coves (小海湾). Here’s our pick of Greece’s best hikes.  Samaria Gorge(峡谷), Crete 16 kilometers(10 miles), 4 hours Hiking the 16-kilometer Samaria Gorge is considered one of Crete’s must-do experiences, which is why you’ll rarely be without company. Nevertheless, there’s an undeniable raw beauty to Samaria, where vertical (垂直的) walls soar up to 500 meters and are just 3.5 meters apart at the narrowest point (150 meters at the broadest). The hike begins at 1,230 meters at Xyloskalo just south of Omalos and ends in the coastal village of Agia Roumeli. It’s especially scenic in April and May, when wildflowers brighten the route.  Mt Ohi summit hike, Evia 8 kilometers(5 miles), 3 to 4 hours The summit of Mt Ohi (Profitis Ilias; 1,398 m), lesser-visited Evia’s third-highest peak, is crowned by mysterious ancient dragon houses: 7th century BC architecture, made from rocks weighing several tons. From Myli, it’s an 8-kilometer hike to the summit (three to four hours). It’s possible to stay overnight at the 1,000-meter-high refuge then hike up Mt Ohi to catch the sunrise(30 minutes), which makes for a magical experience. Contact South Evia Tours or Evia Adventure Tours for details.  Delphi to Kirra Walk Central Greece 14 kilometers (9 miles), 3 to 4 hours This 14-kilometer downhill hike follows a centuries-old pathway from historic Delphi to the ancient port of Kirra, just east of modern Itea on the southern coast of mainland Greece. The hike starts from the E4 long-distance starting point 100 meters east of the Hotel Acropole. Skirting the village of Crissa, it goes to the gulf (海湾) through Greece’s largest olive garden. After your three-to-four-hour hike, and lunch or a swim, you can return to Delphi by bus (around 2 euros).  Hike to the Tomb of Kleobolus, Rhodes 5 kilometers(3 miles), 2 hours An easy enjoyable 5-kilometer(two-hour)round-trip hike escapes Lindos to reach the so-called Tomb of Kleobolus. Starting alongside Car Park 1 above the main beach, the route ends at a rocky hill topped by a circular tomb actually built during the 2nd century BC, long after Kleobolus ruled Rhodes. 1. What is the raw beauty of Samaria? A. High and narrow gorges. B. Magical sunset. C. Wildflowers throughout the year. D. Mysterious large rocks. 2. What will visitors see during the Mt Ohi summit hike, Evia? A. Ancient buildings. B. Evia’s highest peak. C. A circular tomb. D. Greece’s largest olive garden. 3. What can we learn about the Delphi to Kirra Walk? A. It lets visitors experience the modern world of Greece. B. Visitors are recommended to get back to Delphi by ship. C. The route connects two places with a long history. D. It is a challenging route through a rocky hill. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了希腊四个适合徒步旅行的旅游景点和路线。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Samaria Gorge(峡谷), Crete部分中“Nevertheless, there’s an undeniable raw beauty to Samaria, where vertical (垂直的) walls soar up to 500 meters and are just 3.5 meters apart at the narrowest point(150 meters at the broadest). (然而，撒玛利亚有一种不可否认的原始之美，那里的垂直墙壁高达500米，最窄的地方只有3.5米(最宽的地方有150米)。)”可知，撒玛利亚有一种不可否认的原始之美即又高又窄的峡谷。故选A。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据Mt Ohi summit hike, Evia部分中“The summit of Mt Ohi (Profitis Ilias; 1,398 m), lesser-visited Evia’s third-highest peak, is crowned by mysterious ancient dragon houses: 7th century BC architecture, made from rocks weighing several tons. (Ohi山的顶峰(Profittis Ilias—1398米高，是埃维亚的第三高峰，游客较少，被神秘的古代龙屋所覆盖：公元前7世纪的建筑，由重达数吨的岩石制成。)”可知，此处有被神秘的古代龙屋所覆盖：公元前7世纪的建筑，由重达数吨的岩石制成。故对古代建筑感兴趣的游客们可以选在此处徒步旅行。故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Delphi to Kirra Walk, Central Greece部分中“This 14-kilometer downhill hike follows a centuries-old pathway from historic Delphi to the ancient port of Kirra, just east of modern Itea on the southern coast of mainland Greece. (这条14公里的下坡徒步旅行沿着一条数百年历史的小路，从历史悠久的德尔菲到古老的港口基拉，就在希腊大陆南部海岸的现代伊特亚以东。)”可知，这条路线连接了两个历史悠久的地方即历史悠久的德尔菲到古老的港口基拉。故选C。 B In March, 2021, the much-loved children’s author Beverly Cleary passed away at age 104. Cleary’s writing changed the world of children’s books by showing that stories about the lives of ordinary kids could be interesting, funny, and popular. Cleary was born in 1916. As a child, she had trouble learning to read. Even after she learned to love reading, she felt like the people she was reading about didn’t have much to do with her and her life, which were unattractive to her. She wanted to read funny books about children like herself. When she grew up, Cleary realized there weren’t many books about ordinary kids. So she set out to write them at age 30 and tried to get kids hooked on reading since she found they didn’t show much interest in books. Cleary’s first book, Henry Huggins, came out in 1950.It tells the story of a boy and the dog that he takes in. Soon Cleary wrote more books about Henry Huggins and the other children in his neighborhood. Ramona Quimby, also known as Ramona the Pest, became Cleary’s best known book. The Mouse and the Motorcycle tells the exciting story of a motorcycle-riding mouse and his friendship with a young boy. But that sort of fantasy was unusual for Cleary, who usually focused on real life. In several books, the parents have money trouble or are unhappy with their jobs. Dear Mr. Henshaw tells the story of a boy dealing with his parents’ breaking-off. Cleary had kept writing for 53 years, creating over 40 books in all. She won almost every award there was for children’s books, including the Newbery Medal and the National Book Award. Though Cleary is no longer with us, her characters and stories will beloved and shared for years to come. 4. How did Cleary find the books she read as a kid? A. Difficult. B. Expensive. C. Frightening. D. Boring. 5. What does the underlined part “hooked on” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. To dream of. B. To learn from. C. To deeply enjoy. D. To easily provide. 6. Which of the following is a fantasy? A. Dear Mr. Henshaw. B. The Mouse and the Motorcycle. C. Henry Huggins. D. Ramona the Pest. 7. How old was Cleary when she stopped writing? A. About 53. B. About 63. C. About 73. D. About 83. 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了儿童作家贝弗莉·克利里的生平和创作的主要书籍，她通过写普通孩童的故事改变了儿童故事书的世界。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Even after she learned to love reading, she felt like the people she was reading about didn’t have much to do with her and her life, which were unattractive to her.(即使在她学会了热爱阅读之后，她也觉得她所阅读的人与她和她的生活没有太大关系，这对她来说没有吸引力。)”可知，在孩童时期，她觉得自己读的那些书没有吸引力，很无聊。故选D。 【5题详解】 短语猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“So she set out to write them at age 30(因此，她在 30 岁时开始写这些作品)”和“since she found they didn’t show much interest in books(因为她发现他们对书籍没有太大兴趣)”可知，她发现孩子们对书籍不太感兴趣，所以她开始写关于普通孩子的书，试图让这些孩子们对阅读感兴趣，由此可推测出，hooked on意为“对……着迷”，与C项“深深地喜欢”意思最接近。故选C。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The Mouse and the Motorcycle tells the exciting story of a motorcycle-riding mouse and his friendship with a young boy. But that sort of fantasy was unusual for Cleary, who usually focused on real life.(《老鼠和摩托车》讲述了一个骑摩托车的老鼠和他与一个小男孩的友谊的激动人心的故事。但这种幻想作品对克利里来说是不寻常的，她通常专注于现实生活。)”可知，《老鼠和摩托车》是一部幻想作品。故选B。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“she set out to write them at age 30(她在 30 岁时开始写这些作品)”和最后一段中的“Cleary had kept writing for 53 years(克利里坚持写作了53年)”可知，克利里在30岁时开始写作，坚持写作53年，由此可知，她在大约83岁的时候停止写作。故选D。 C When the patient arrives, it can barely move its body. The parrot tries to spread its green wings — and fails — to fly. It is just one of dozens of rainbow lorikeets (彩虹鹦鹉) being treated for a mysterious paralyzing (瘫痪) illness in Australia. Cases of what is called lorikeet paralysis syndrome (LPS) have been increasing over the past decade, says vet Claude Lacasse. But scientists are puzzled as to what is causing it. Claude has partnered with several researchers to try solving the mystery. So far, they’ve ruled out hundreds of human-made chemicals as well as various infectious diseases. Their current theory is that LPS is caused by a plant the birds are eating, something that flowers or fruits between late spring and early fall — when cases always rise. But researchers have no idea which plant or plants might be involved, why the disease is getting worse or whether climate change is playing a role. For now, their top priority is figuring out everything the sick lorikeets are eating. Ecologist Rachele Wilson used a technique involving testing DNA in sick birds’ droppings to match it to specific plant DNA. These data suggest the birds are feeding on more than 130 plant species, at least 30 of which are probably poisonous. Other researchers are not just looking at plant DNA but also at bacterial and animal DNA to allow for the possibility that the birds are swallowing a poisonous insect in fruit, or a poison produced by bacteria found on a plant. It’s possible climate change plays a role by driving rainbow lorikeets to seek out unusual food sources. Animals are broadening their hunting range and going into more traditionally uninviting areas to find food, including fruit, seeds and, strangely, even meat. With climate change causing more extreme weather events and intensely hot summers, the need to find what’s paralyzing rainbow lorikeets — and probably other species — is of urgent concern. “They’re amazing birds,” Phalen says. “It’s hard to see them as sick as they are.” 8. What is the primary task of Claude and his team in their research? A. Identifying lorikeets’ living habits. B. Discovering what lorikeets are feeding on. C. Deciding what chemicals led to LPS. D. Locating where lorikeets usually gather. 9. What can we learn about other researchers in paragraph 3? A. They collected data from a specific area. B. They identified DNA hidden in different plants. C. They take more possibilities into consideration. D. They have found the number of plants lorikeets eat. 10. How does climate change possibly influence rainbow lorikeets? A. By making a change in their diets. B. By enlarging their habitats. C. By lengthening their hunting season. D. By forcing them to settle in cooler areas. 11. What is the best title for the text? A. Endangered Rare Species in Australia B. Strange Diseases Striking Australian Birds C. The Influence of Climate Change on Animals D. The Mystery of Australia’s Paralyzed Parrots 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚彩红鹦鹉患有神秘的瘫痪疾病（LPS），以及研究人员真正研究造成这一疾病的原因等情况。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For now, their top priority is figuring out everything the sick lorikeets are eating.(目前，他们的首要任务是弄清楚生病的鹦鹉吃什么。)”可知，目前克劳德和他的团队的首要任务是弄清楚病危的彩虹鹦鹉吃的东西。故选B。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Other researchers are not just looking at plant DNA but also at bacterial and animal DNA to allow for the possibility that the birds are swallowing a poisonous insect in fruit, or a poison produced by bacteria found on a plant.(其他研究人员不仅关注植物DNA，还关注细菌和动物DNA，以考虑鸟类吞食水果中的有毒昆虫或植物上发现的细菌产生的毒素的可能性。)”可知，其他研究人员不仅在寻找植物DNA，还在寻找细菌和动物DNA。由此可知，他们在考虑更多的可能性。故选C。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“It’s possible climate change plays a role by driving rainbow lorikeets to seek out unusual food sources. Animals are broadening their hunting range and going into more traditionally uninviting areas to find food, including fruit, seeds and, strangely, even meat. (气候变化可能在驱使彩虹鹦鹉寻找不寻常的食物来源方面发挥了作用。动物们正在扩大它们的狩猎范围，进入传统意义上不受欢迎的地区寻找食物，包括水果、种子，奇怪的是，甚至还有肉)”可知，气候变化促使彩红鹦鹉到处寻找食物，扩大狩猎范围，寻找不同的食物。由此推知，气候变化增加了彩红鹦鹉饮食的多样性。故选A。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“When the patient arrives, it can barely move its body. The parrot tries to spread its green wings — and fails — to fly. It is just one of dozens of rainbow lorikeets (彩虹鹦鹉) being treated for a mysterious paralyzing (瘫痪) illness in Australia. Cases of what is called lorikeet paralysis syndrome (LPS) have been increasing over the past decade, says vet Claude Lacasse. But scientists are puzzled as to what is causing it. (鹦鹉试图展开它的绿色翅膀，但是失败了。这只是数十只彩虹鹦鹉中的一只，它们正在接受一种神秘的麻痹性疾病的治疗。兽医Claude Lacasse说，在过去的十年里，所谓的洛里基特麻痹综合症（LPS）病例一直在增加。但是科学家们对是什么原因造成了这种现象感到困惑)”可知，文章主要介绍了澳大利亚彩红鹦鹉患有神秘的瘫痪疾病（LPS），以及研究人员真正研究造成这一疾病的原因等情况。由此可知，D项“The Mystery of Australia’s Paralyzed Parrots(澳大利亚鹦鹉患瘫痪疾病之谜)”适合作文章标题。故选D。 D Eating a juicy steak is worse for the environment than frying up some tofu: that should come as no surprise. Going vegan can greatly cut the carbon footprint of your diet. But what about the fewer calories, and lower levels of protein, found in most plant-based foods when compared with meat? To make the relative carbon impact of foods easier to understand, The Economist proposes a banana index (指数). It compares popular foodstuffs in three aspects—weight, calories and protein—compared to the humble banana, a fruit of middling nutritional value and impact on weather conditions. Indexing greenhouse-gas emissions to a single food gives a sense of how different foodstuffs rank. Unfortunately for carnivores (食肉动物), beef is bad for the environment no matter how you slice it. Producing one kilogram of mince (馅) causes as many emissions as 109kg of bananas (call it a “banana score” of 109). As for nutritional value, beef’s banana score falls to 54 (one calorie of beef mince causes 54 times as much carbon emissions as one calorie of banana). By protein, it scores seven. Poultry (家禽) scores 11 bananas by weight and four by calorie. However, as a source of protein, it is more carbon-friendly than bananas: poultry protein emits just three-fifths of the same amount of banana protein. The same applies to salmon. Unsurprisingly, plant-based alternatives to meat do even better: a meat-free burger, for instance, scores just one-fifth of the emissions of bananas per gram of protein. Our banana index relies on average emissions for a given food. In the real world some producers are more climate-friendly than others, and some foods travel farther to consumers. Our banana index also does not capture other environmental impacts, such as land and water use (though here too, beef tends to perform poorly). Voting in Europe suggests that most consumers want to be more climate-friendly—and with food production responsible for perhaps a quarter of global emissions, eating with the climate in mind would make a difference. Three-quarters of the respondents said they want labels that would explain the climate impact of their food. In the meantime, our banana index might help. 12. What’s the most likely reason for bananas to be chosen as an object of reference? A. Bananas have fewer calories and less protein. B. Bananas are a humble fruit. C. Bananas have the least impact on the environment. D. Bananas are of medium climate effect and nutrition. 13. According to the index, which one is more carbon-friendly as a source of protein? A. Beef B. A meat-free burger C. Poultry D. A banana 14. Which aspect of the index does paragraph 5 focus on? A. Its drawbacks B. Its benefits C. Its practical meanings D. Its principles 15. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. An approach to assessing nutritional value of food B. A way to measure the climate impact of food C. A great indicator of greenhouse-gas emissions D. A big helper in deciding what to buy 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种衡量食物对气候影响的方法——香蕉指数。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段话“It compares popular foodstuffs in three aspects—weight, calories and protein—compared to the humble banana, a fruit of middling nutritional value and impact on weather conditions.(它从重量、卡路里和蛋白质这三个方面比较了流行的食物和普通的香蕉，香蕉是一种营养价值中等、对天气状况影响不大的水果。)”可知，香蕉被选为参照物的原因很可能是因为香蕉营养价值中等，对天气影响不大。故选D项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段话“However, as a source of protein, it is more carbon-friendly than bananas: poultry protein emits just three-fifths of the same amount of banana protein. The same applies to salmon. Unsurprisingly, plant-based alternatives to meat do even better: a meat-free burger, for instance, scores just one-fifth of the emissions of bananas per gram of protein.(然而，作为一种蛋白质来源，它比香蕉更环保：家禽蛋白质的排放量仅为香蕉蛋白质的五分之三。这同样适用于鲑鱼。不出所料，以植物为基础的肉类替代品效果更好：例如，一个无肉汉堡每克蛋白质的排放量仅为香蕉的五分之一。)”可知，更环保的蛋白质来源应该是一个无肉汉堡。故选B项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段话“Our banana index relies on average emissions for a given food. In the real world some producers are more climate-friendly than others, and some foods travel farther to consumers. Our banana index also does not capture other environmental impacts, such as land and water use (though here too, beef tends to perform poorly).(我们的香蕉指数依赖于一种特定食物的平均排放量。在现实世界中，一些生产商比其他生产商更环保，一些食品到达消费者手中的路程更远。我们的香蕉指数也没有考虑其他环境影响，比如土地和水的使用(尽管在这方面，牛肉也往往表现不佳)。)”可知，本段讲述了香蕉指数的不足。故选A项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段话“To make the relative carbon impact of foods easier to understand, The Economist proposes a banana index (指数).(为了让人们更容易理解食物的相对碳影响，《经济学人》提出了一个香蕉指数。)”以及最后一段话“Three-quarters of the respondents said they want labels that would explain the climate impact of their food. In the meantime, our banana index might help.(四分之三的受访者表示，他们希望标签能够解释其食品对气候的影响。与此同时，我们的香蕉指数可能会有所帮助。)”可知，香蕉指数可以帮助我们测量食品对气候的影响。故选B项。 第二节(共5小题;每题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容从短文后的选项中选出最佳选项， 选项中的两项为多余选项。 Many of us set goals, but sometimes we fail to achieve them. There are many causes why we don’t manage to realize our goals.____16____There is a way, though, to help address this problem: set reminders. People employ a psychological strategy called cognitive (认知的) offloading, where we use a physical action to reduce demands on our brain. Specifically, we may outsource our intentions from being stored in our brains to reminders outside our head.____17____ Understanding the benefits of cognitive offloading can improve our ability to remember and follow through with our intentions. The biggest benefit is simply that it improves memory performance. It increases the probability that we will work towards the goals we need to reach. ____18____“The more we offload unimportant information, such as items on a shopping list, the more we can use our brain for those more significant cognitive tasks, such as creativity,” said Sam Gilbert, professor at the University College London. ____19____Still, there are potential negative parts for it. We are more likely to forget what we offloaded if we no longer access our storage, such as when our smartphone dies. We also tend to offload the important things we most want to remember. In a surprise test where their reminders were wiped clean, the participants were more likely to forget the important items and recall the unimportant ones, that is, the more important the intention we want to remember, the more likely we are to offload it—and to forget it. We’d better tend to create reminders when we think we need them, but not necessarily when we do need them. ____20____“If our understanding of our memory ability is wrong, this suggests that we will either overuse or underuse reminders,” Gilbert said. “We can learn by noticing the times that we have forgotten to do something and could have used reminders to help.” A. Cognitive offloading has noticeable benefits. B. One common reason is that we simply forget them. C. Besides, it can free up our limited cognitive resources. D. A good example can be documents on our smartphone calendars. E. The process of cognitive offloading helps us identify false information. F. Our beliefs about how good our memory is directly influence whether we set them. G. Other experts say it’s too soon to understand how cognitive offloading affects our brains. 【答案】16. B 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了认知卸载的好处和坏处，以及什么时候创建提醒。 【16题详解】 根据前文“There are many causes why we don’t manage to realize our goals.(我们无法实现目标的原因有很多)”可知，此处是说明无法实现目标的原因，所以B项“One common reason is that we simply forget them.(一个常见的原因是我们只是忘记了它们)”符合主题，并引出下文“There is a way, though, to help address this problem: set reminders.(不过，有一个方法可以帮助解决这个问题：设置提醒)”。故选B项。 【17题详解】 根据前文“People employ a psychological strategy called cognitive (认知的) offloading, where we use a physical action to reduce demands on our brain. Specifically, we may outsource our intentions from being stored in our brains to reminders outside our head.(人们采用一种叫做认知卸载的心理策略，即我们用身体动作来减少对大脑的需求。具体来说，我们可能会把我们的意图从储存在大脑里外包给大脑外的提醒)”可知，此处讲述了设置提醒具体方法，所以D项“A good example can be documents on our smartphone calendars.(一个很好的例子就是我们智能手机日历上的文档)”是对此方法的具体举例，符合文意。故选D项。 【18题详解】 根据前文“Understanding the benefits of cognitive offloading can improve our ability to remember and follow through with our intentions. The biggest benefit is simply that it improves memory performance. It increases the probability that we will work towards the goals we need to reach.(了解认知卸载的好处可以提高我们的记忆能力和贯彻我们的意图的能力。最大的好处就是提高了记忆性能。它增加了我们朝着我们需要达到的目标努力的可能性)”可知，此处在讲述了解认知卸载的好处，根据后文““The more we offload unimportant information, such as items on a shopping list, the more we can use our brain for those more significant cognitive tasks, such as creativity,” said Sam Gilbert, professor at the University College London.(伦敦大学学院的教授山姆·吉尔伯特说：“我们越不去想那些不重要的信息，比如购物清单上的东西，我们就越能把大脑用于那些更重要的认知任务，比如创造力。”)”是在讲述另一个好处，所以空处应是C项“Besides, it can free up our limited cognitive resources.(此外，它可以释放我们有限的认知资源)”符合文意，描述另一个好处，引出下文。故选C项。 【19题详解】 分析设空，位于段首，根据后文“Still, there are potential negative parts for it.(不过，它也有潜在的负面影响)”可知，空处应是承上启下的作用，由上文介绍好处，转到讲述缺点，所以A项“Cognitive offloading has noticeable benefits.(认知卸载有明显的好处)”符合文意，承接上文，并和后文构成转折关系。故选A项。 【20题详解】 根据前文“We’d better tend to create reminders when we think we need them, but not necessarily when we do need them.(当我们认为我们需要提醒时，我们最好创建提醒，但不一定是在我们确实需要的时候)”以及后文““If our understanding of our memory ability is wrong, this suggests that we will either overuse or underuse reminders,” Gilbert said.(吉尔伯特说：“如果我们对记忆能力的理解是错误的，这表明我们要么过度使用提醒，要么使用不足。”)”可知，空处应是过渡句，所以F项“Our beliefs about how good our memory is directly influence whether we set them.(我们对自己记忆力好坏的看法直接影响到我们是否能记好)”是对前文的进一步说明，并引出下文。故选F项。 第三部分：英语知识运用 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Not long ago, I was at a grocery store, and an elderly man in front of me was using a Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program card-what we used to call food stamps(食物券). The card reader kept ____21____ his payment. He’d obviously gone over his ____22____ for the month. He was confused about how it’d happened and more than ____23____ about the situation. While I was wondering whether the man would be displeased or ____24____ if I stepped in and offered to pay the difference (差额), the young cashier said, “Sir, this happens all the time. It’s not a problem. I promise we can ____25____ a solution together.” The line behind us was growing long, but the cashier didn’t show any ____26____ or anger. He confirmed the man was over his limit for the month but wasn’t over by much, so he helped the customer ____27____ which items he could make do without for the time being. Then he told his old customer that this was a common ____28____ and not a problem at all. The elderly man left with his dignity ____29____. He would _____30_____ have a sense of loyalty to that grocery-store chain. When it was my turn, I took note of the cashier’s name on his name tag. Arriving home, I sent an email to the manager of the store to _____31_____ the employee for his kindness and customer service. Soon, I received a reply with thanks from the manager, letting me know that my remarks would be _____32_____ in the employee’s file and noted each time he was up for a _____33_____. In the same way as his act of kindness brightened the life of the elderly man who was _____34_____ that day, I hope my act of kindness could have a(n)_____35_____ influence on that cashier’s career. 21. A. delaying B. declining C. searching D. repeating 22. A. expectation B. demand C. limit D. requirement 23. A. embarrassed B. delighted C. excited D. frightened 24. A. proud B. grateful C. curious D. peaceful 25. A. turn out B. make out C. work out D. carry out 26. A. impatience B. disbelief C. disappointment D. depression 27. A. share B. deliver C. remember D. determine 28. A. complaint B. occurrence C. excuse D. dilemma 29. A. discovered B. increased C. overlooked D. preserved 30. A. undoubtedly B. impossibly C. coincidentally D. hesitantly 31. A. recommend B. forgive C. compliment D. comment 32. A. included B. folded C. measured D. excluded 33. A. regulation B. negotiation C. investigation D. promotion 34. A. defending B. struggling C. competing D. starving 35. A. impressive B. attractive C. positive D. decisive 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在商店发现一位老人在使用补充营养援助卡时，由于所购物品价钱超过限额，而支付失败，收银员耐心解决问题的故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：读卡器不断拒绝他的支付。A. delaying拖延；B. declining减少，拒绝；C. searching搜索；D. repeating重复。根据后文“He’d obviously gone over his ____2____ for the month.”可知，因为他的卡里钱不够了，所以读卡器无法通过他的支付，即拒绝他的支付。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他显然已经超过了这个月的限额。A. expectation期望；B. demand需求；C. limit限制；D. requirement要求。根据后文第三段中“He confirmed the man was over his limit for the month”可知，老人购物需要的钱超过了卡上这个月的限额。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他对这是怎么发生的感到困惑，对这种情况感到尴尬。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. delighted高兴的；C. excited激动的；D. frightened害怕的。根据前文“The card reader kept ____1____ his payment.”可知，老人的卡一直支付不了，所以很尴尬。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我在想如果我上前提出支付差额，那人是会不高兴还是会感激时，年轻的收银员说：“先生，这种事经常发生。”A. proud骄傲的；B. grateful感谢的；C. curious好奇的；D. peaceful平静的。根据常识和后文“if I stepped in and offered to pay the difference”等内容可知，作者想，如果帮助老人把超额的部分钱付了，老人会感谢有人相助还是不高兴让自己失去尊严呢？故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我保证我们可以一起找出解决办法。A. turn out结果是；B. make out理解，明白；C. work out算出，想出；D. carry out执行。根据语境和后文“a solution”可知，收银员认为能够想出解决方案。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们身后的队伍越来越长，但收银员没有表现出任何不耐烦或愤怒。A. impatience不耐烦；B. disbelief不相信；C. disappointment失望；D. depression抑郁。根据语境和后文“Then he told his old customer that this was a common ____8____ and not a problem at all.”可知，收银员没有表现出不耐烦，耐心地处理问题。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他确认这名男子已经超出了他一个月的限额，但并没有超出太多，所以他帮助这位顾客确定哪些东西他暂时可以不用。A. share分享；B. deliver递送；C. remember记住；D. determine确定。根据后文“which items he could make do without for the time being”可知，收银员帮助老人确定哪些东西这次可以不买，让购物在限额之内。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他告诉他的老客户，这是经常发生的事情，根本不是问题。A. complaint抱怨；B. occurrence发生；C. excuse借口；D. dilemma困境。根据后文“not a problem at all”可知，收银员解释说，这种事情经常发生，不是问题。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那位老人体面地离开了。A. discovered发现；B. increased增加；C. overlooked忽视；D. preserved保存。根据语境和前文“with his dignity”可知，老人支付完毕，保住了尊严。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，他会对那家连锁杂货店有一种忠诚感。A. undoubtedly毫无疑问地；B. impossibly不可能地；C. coincidentally巧合地；D. hesitantly犹豫地。根据语境和后文“have a sense of loyalty to that grocery-store chain”可知，收银员处理得非常好，所以毫无疑问，老人会对这家店有忠诚感。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：到家后，我给店长发了一封电子邮件，称赞他的善良和客户服务。A. recommend推荐；B. forgive原谅；C. compliment赞美；D. comment评论。根据语境和后文“for his kindness and customer service”可知，作者称赞这位收银员的善良和客户服务。故选C项。 32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，我收到了经理的一封感谢信，他告诉我，我的评论将被收录在该员工的档案中，并在他每次升职时查看。A. included包括；B. folded折叠；C. measured测量；D. excluded排除。根据后文“in the employee’s file and noted each time he was up for a ____13____”可知，作者的评论将被放进该员工的档案中。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. regulation规则；B. negotiation协商；C. investigation调查；D. promotion提升，晋职。根据语境和前文“he was up for”可知，员工要升职，查看档案作为依据。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像他的善举照亮了那天挣扎的老人的生活一样，我希望我的善举能对那位收银员的职业生涯产生积极的影响。A. defending保卫；B. struggling斗争，挣扎；C. competing竞赛；D. starving挨饿。根据前文“He was confused about how it’d happened and more than ____3____ about the situation.”等内容可知，收银员帮助了那天陷入困难、苦苦挣扎的老人。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. impressive令人印象深刻的；B. attractive有吸引力的；C. positive积极的；D. decisive果断的。根据前文“my remarks would be ____12____ in the employee’s file and noted each time he was up for a ____13____”以及“I hope my act of kindness”可知，作者希望那封电子邮件对收银员的职业生涯产生积极影响。故选C项。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The year 1970 witnessed the establishment of the World Earth Day. Over 50 years later, ____36____ started as a grassroots movement has exploded into an international day of attention and campaigns ____37____ (commit) to preserving the environment. According to the Earth Day Network, one of the largest activist organizations holding Earth Day events, many a ____38____ (participate) across the globe celebrate Earth Day in a different way. Rachel Carson’s book Silent Spring published in 1962 was among a series of critical environmental issues ____39____ (help) give birth to the environmental movement. The book brought ____40____ to light that the use of a pesticide called DDT was polluting rivers and destroying the eggs of birds like bald eagles. The number of the latter declined ____41____ (dramatic). Then, in 1969, a large oil leak near the Santa Barbara County coast ____42____ (drive) the then Senator Gaylord Nelson to put Earth Day on the national stage. In the past years since the first Earth Day, there ____43____ (be) a large number of major environment wins. Protection has been put in place on everything ____44____ clean water to endangered species. The theme of Earth Day 2023 is “Earth for All”, the concept of ____45____ emphasizes human beings must respect nature, follow its ways and protect it. 【答案】36. what 37. committed 38. participant 39. helping 40. it 41. dramatically 42. drove 43. have been 44. from 45. which 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了世界地球日产生的原因以及取得的成果。 【36题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：50多年后，这个草根运动已经发展成为一个致力于保护环境的国际关注日和运动。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，用what引导。故填what。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：50多年后，这个草根运动已经发展成为一个致力于保护环境的国际关注日和运动。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词，所以commit用非谓语形式，此处是固定搭配：be committed to意为“致力于”，此处去掉be，用过去分词作定语。故填committed。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：根据举办地球日活动的最大的激进组织之一“地球日网络”的说法，全球许多参与者以不同的方式庆祝地球日。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词a，所以空处应填可数名词单数，participate的名词形式是participant。故填participant。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：雷切尔·卡森1962年出版的《寂静的春天》一书是促成环保运动的一系列关键环境问题之一。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词was，所以help用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是environmental issues，两者是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填helping。 【40题详解】 考查代词。句意：这本书揭露了一种叫做DDT的杀虫剂的使用污染了河流，破坏了秃鹰等鸟类的蛋。分析句子结构可知，brought是及物动词，后应加宾语，根据句意，此处应填it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的从句。故填it。 【41题详解】 考查副词。句意：后者的数量急剧下降。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空前的动词，应该用副词修饰，dramatic的副词形式是dramatically。故填dramatically。 【42题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：然后，在1969年，圣巴巴拉县海岸附近的一次大规模石油泄漏促使当时的参议员盖洛德·纳尔逊将地球日推上了国家舞台。分析句子结构可知，drive作本句谓语，根据时间状语in 1969，用一般过去时。故填drove。 【43题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：自第一个地球日以来的过去几年里，在环境方面取得了大量重大胜利。分析句子结构可知，be作本句谓语，根据时间状语In the past years since the first Earth Day，可知用现在完成时。故填have been。 【44题详解】 考查介词。句意：从清洁水源到濒危物种，各种保护措施都已到位。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定短语：from...to...意为“从…到…”。故填from。 【45题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：2023年世界地球日的主题是“人人共享地球”，其理念强调人类必须尊重自然，遵循自然的方式，保护自然。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Earth for All，在从句中作of的宾语，用which引导。故填which。 第三节：单词拼写(共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分) 汉译英 46. 抱怨 v 47. 和谐n 48. 负有责任的 49. 功能 50. 捐赠，捐献 v 51. 观众 52. 全球的 53. 紧急情况 54. 概念 55. 精力充沛的 【答案】46. complain 47. harmoniousness/harmony 48. responsible 49. function 50. donate 51. audience 52. global 53. emergency 54. concept 55. energetic 【解析】 【46题详解】 考查动词。动词“抱怨”英文为complain。故填complain。 【47题详解】 考查名词。名词“和谐”英文为harmoniousness。故填harmoniousness/harmony。 【48题详解】 考查形容词。形容词“负有责任的”英文为responsible。故填responsible。 【49题详解】 考查名词。名词或动词“功能”英文为function。故填function。 【50题详解】 考查动词。动词“捐赠，捐献”英文为donate。故填donate。 【51题详解】 考查名词。名词“观众”英文为audience。故填audience。 【52题详解】 考查形容词。形容词“全球的”英文为global。故填global。 【53题详解】 考查名词。名词“紧急情况”英文为emergency。故填emergency。 【54题详解】 考查名词。名词“概念”英文为concept。故填concept。 【55题详解】 考查形容词。形容词“精力充沛的”英文为energetic。故填energetic。 英译汉 56. passive 57. annual 58. accurate 59. distinguish 60. advantage 61. region 62 brief 63. instruction 64. interpret 65. consume 【答案】56. 被动的；消极的 57. 每年的 58. 准确的；精确的 59. 区别；辨认 60. 优势；有利条件 61. 地区；范围 62. 短暂的；短期的 63. 指令；教诲；说明 64. 口译；解释 65. 消耗 【解析】 【56题详解】 考查形容词。形容词passive中文为“被动的；消极的”，故翻译为：被动的；消极的。 【57题详解】 考查形容词。形容词annual中文为“每年的”，故翻译为：每年的。 【58题详解】 考查形容词。形容词accurate中文为“准确的；精确的”，故翻译为：准确的；精确的。 【59题详解】 考查动词。动词distinguish中文为“区别；辨认”，故翻译为：区别；辨认。 【60题详解】 考查名词。名词advantage中文为“优势；有利条件”，故翻译为：优势；有利条件。 【61题详解】 考查名词。名词region中文为“地区；范围”，故翻译为：地区；范围。 【62题详解】 考查形容词。形容词brief中文为“短暂的；短期的”，故翻译为：短暂的；短期的。 【63题详解】 考查名词。名词instruction中文为“指令；教诲；说明”，故翻译为：指令；教诲；说明。 【64题详解】 考查动词。动词interpret中文为“口译；解释”，故翻译为：口译；解释。 【65题详解】 考查动词。动词consume中文为“消耗”，故翻译为：消耗。 第四部分 写作(满分40分) 第一节：应用文写作(满分15分) 66. 假如你是李华，在你校学习的英国交换生Jack计划寒假回国看望亲友。他email你希望给他推荐几件有中国特色的礼物带回国。请根据提示给他写一封电子邮件。主要内容包括： 1. 推荐的礼物(至少两种)； 2. 推荐的理由； 3. 希望和祝愿。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jack, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Sample 1 Dear Jack, Glad to receive your email. You asked me to recommend some Chinese traditional gifts that you will buy for your family and friends. Here I’d like to make some recommendations. The first one is the Chinese knot, which stands for friendship, love and good luck. The second one is the Chinese paper cutting, for it is a world cultural heritage. Paper-cuts vary in form and style and they are attractive. Chinese silk is one of the most popular handcrafts representing China , so I think the silk scarf is a very good choice for you. In addition, it is convenient to take along. Hoping my suggestions can help you. Have a good vacation! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假如你是李华，在你校学习的英国交换生Jack计划寒假回国看望亲友。他email你希望给他推荐几件有中国特色的礼物带回国。请根据提示给他写一封电子邮件。（范文1） 【详解】1.词汇积累 购买：buy→purchase 建议：suggestion→advice 传统的：traditional→conventional 此外：in addition→besides 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Chinese silk is one of the most popular handcrafts representing China, so I think the silk scarf is a very good choice for you. 拓展句：Since Chinese silk is one of the most popular handcrafts representing China, I think the silk scarf is a very good choice for you. 【点睛】[高分句型1] You asked me to recommend some Chinese traditional gifts that you will buy for your family and friends. (运用了that引导定语从句) [高分句型2] The second one is the Chinese paper cutting, for it is a world cultural heritage. (运用了for引导原因状语从句) 第二节：读后续写(满分25分) 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Keeping up seemed so important when I was a teenager. Back in 1973, if you weren’t wearing Penn Loafers (乐福鞋) you’d just as soon go around in your bare feet. There was only one problem that year, I had bought Oxfords—but Penny Loafers were in. “I need some money for Penny Loafers.” I told my dad one afternoon at the place where he worked as a car mechanic. Dad looked at me for a full minute before he answered, “Wear those shoes one more day. Look at every pair of shoes you see at school. If you can tell me that you are worse off than the other kids, I’ll buy new shoes for you.” The next day I did what Dad said. I saw many schoolmates wore torn shoes of the likes I’d never had to wear, and shoes with holes in them, but I had no intention of telling him the results. When school was out, I rushed to the place where Dad worked. It was quiet. Only an occasional clank (叮当声) of metal could be heard as Dad worked under a car. Then dad’s shoes came into my sight. They were old and black, the kind mechanics and service-station attendants wore. I saw the mended soles (鞋底) and the spliced laces (拼接的鞋带) . “You do what I told you today?” “Yes, sir.” “Well, what do you want to do?” He looked as though he might know what my answer would be. “I still want the Penny Loafers.” I forced myself not to look at his shoes. Dad handed me ten dollars. I took the money and went to the store two blocks down the street. A rack (货架) on a far wall appeared as if it had a million pairs of black Penny Loafers resting on it. On a rack next to it was a sign that reads “CLEARANCE 50% OFF”.Below the sign sat several “young” versions ofDad’s shoes. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 My mind was playing Pingpong ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I ran back to the shop and put Dad’s new shoes on the seat in his car. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】My mind was playing Pingpong. His old and black shoes flashed through my mind. But my gaze again fell on the brand new Penny Loafers. I was fascinated by these gleaming shoes and couldn’t take my eyes off them. I was about to spend all my ten dollars on them when I recollected Dad’s worn-out shoes. The gleam of the loafers started to dull. I took shoes of my dad’s size from the clearance rack and darted to the checkout counter. I ran back to the shop and put Dad’s new shoes on the seat in his car. The moment we got in the car Dad picked up the box. When he opened it he just stared without saying a word. A mixture of guilt and delight came from the bottom of my heart. He looked first at the shoes and then at me. “I thought you need a new pair of shoes more than I do.” I broke the silence. Dad put his hand on my shoulder and we sat looking at each other for a moment. Nothing else was said. Dad started the car and we went home. 【解析】 【导语】本文以新鞋子为线索展开，讲述了作者想要买一双自己喜欢的新鞋子，向父亲要钱买，父亲答应让他看看其他同学的鞋子，如果他的鞋子比别人的更差，就给他买新鞋。作者看到，事实是，其他同学的鞋子更差，但是却想隐瞒实情，还是想向父亲要钱买双新鞋子。父亲给了他钱，此时，他看到父亲脚上穿的鞋，是修补过的鞋底和拼接起来的鞋带。当作者走到商店的时候，开始思想斗争，最终他给艰苦工作的父亲买了一双新鞋的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我的心在打乒乓。”可知，第一段可描写作者见到新鞋子时，对新鞋子的喜爱，而后开始思想斗争，最终用爸爸给的钱为爸爸买了双新鞋。 ②由第二段首句内容“我跑回商店，把爸爸的新鞋放在他汽车的座位上。”可知，第二段可描写爸爸发现孩子是给自己买的鞋，表现惊讶，以及作者此时的内疚与喜悦的心情。 2.续写线索：被新鞋吸引——想起父亲的鞋——买走——拿起（发现）——惊讶——内疚和喜悦 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①.想起：recollect/remember/recall ②.拿起：pick up/take up 情绪类 ①.被吸引的：be fascinated/be deeply attracted ②.喜悦：delight/happiness/joy 【点睛】[高分句型1]. The moment we got in the car Dad picked up the box. (由时间名词the moment作连词引导的时间状语从句) [高分句型2]. Dad put his hand on my shoulder and we sat looking at each other for a moment. (非谓语动词现在分词作伴随状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$