北京育英学校2024-2025学年高三上学期开学测英语试题

北京市育英学校2025届高三英语学科统测一 2024.08. (本试卷共100分,考试时间90分钟) 第一部分:知识运用(共两节,30分) 第一节完形填空(共10小题,每小题1.5分,共15分) 阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 O Colleen and her husband were part of a group walking the Overland Track. It was the fifth day of a 6-day walk. The guide, who was waiting for them at the nearest camp, had 1 them about the slippery and potentially dangerous conditions. Colleen, an experienced adventurer from Sydney, was a naturally 2 walker. She walked in front of her husband and carefully checked the safety of the track when they were going down a steep slope (陆坡). Suddenly she heard a cracking sound from _3__. "When I realized what was happening. I was heading to a deep ditch (沟壑), my pack on my back." Colleen's fall was only 4 by the presence of a branch that stretched across the ditch and kept her from a fall that could otherwise have been deadly. Colleen hit her head badly and went into 5. She soon woke up and turned around to see her husband sitting stunned on the side of the track. He had accidently fallen from the top. He had first slipped above Colleen, and his full weight, with his pack, 6down on top of her. He was uninjured, and Colleen was suspended on the branch. He reached out to grab Colleen's arm. Colleen felt so painful, the worst physical suffering she had ever felt in her life. She knew 7 that her arm was broken. Her husband took her pack along with his own and together they struggled for the final three kilometers to the camp Once they reached the camp, the guide gave her first aid and called for the rescue helicopter immediately. Colleen was 8 to the nearest hospital by helicopter. She was examined in the hospital and was told that her head and neck were okay, but her arm had been broken in four places. Later, Colleen recalled with emotion, "After this personal experience of near-death and being saved, I realized that in some situations there's absolutely no 9 to get to hospital, and the rescue helicopter was the only way. At that moment the most noise was hearing the helicopter come. The helicopter rescue workers were so generous, so highly skilled as well When they arrived with the policemen, I was never more grateful to see anyone in my whole life." 1. A. interviewed B. warned C. asked 1 D. taught 2. A. curious B. independent C. cautious D. patient 3. A. opposite B. ahead C.faraway D. above 4. A. broken B. caused C. followed D. protected C. silence 5. A. shock B. action D. panic 6. A. lay B. setled C. bent D. crashed 7. A. straight away v B. after all C. at times D. without hesitation 8. A. forced B. guided C. rushed D. invited 9. A. possibility B. privilege C. alternative D. necessity 10. A. familiar B. wonderful C. deafening { D. unexpected 第二节语法填空(共10小题,每小题1.5分,共15分 阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空,在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号 内所给词的正确形式填空。 A Using little more than a pencil, a slide rule and one of the finest mathematical minds in the country, Mrs. Johnson, who died at 10l, calculated the precise path that 11 (let) Apollo 11 land on the moon and allow it to return to Earth We after Neil Armstrong's history-making moonwalk years later. 12 Mrs. Johnson's 33 years in NASAN& Flight Research Division and for decades afterward, almost no one knew her name. She was just one of those _13_ (mention) women who, well before the modem feminist (女权)movement, worked as NASA mathematicians B Climate change really does change everything, including language. In October, Oxford English Dictionary (OED) released update on its language on climate change and environmental sustainability. Some new words have beer included in the dictionary. The OED doesn't include chemical formulas, but it has made an important (except) for CO. because it has become "so ingrained" in our everyday language. "Global heating" is also a new entry Although people got used to 16 (use) global warming, OED said that global heating is being used (often). That's because while global warming suggests a kind of comfort, global heating conveys "the seriousness of climate change caused by human activity and the urgent need to address it" We can decide if something is constructive or destructive based on degree. Say your preschool son was acting up and broke a glass vase, even after he (tell) to stop grabbing and playing with it several times. You get a thought in your mind to spank him for his naughty action. However, you start to feel confused about 1 this would be constructive or destructive. It might show him that not listening to you and breaking things is not welcome, but on the other hand, spanking him is an act of aggression 20 will hurt him physically and perhaps teach him to use force in situations later in life. There is no exact wrong or right in these moments. However, through your own reasoning, you car decide to what degree it would be beneficial or harmful to him and the situation at hand 第二部分:阅读理解(共两节.38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Join ReadWithMC: Marie Claire's Virtual Women's Monthly Book Club Exchanging the ideas of reading can be exciting. But between busy schedules and the problems life throws at us, it's not so easy to make it to a book club regularly. That's why we've come up with a way for you to get some much-needed reading done on your own time and meet some new friends along the way - straight from your couch. What is #ReadWithMC? =ReadWithMC is an online monthly book club created by the Marie Claire editors. We'll pick a book, you'll read it Then. we'll curate a collection of honest. authentic reviews and recommendations from you and other ReadWithMC participants and publish them on the site. How do I participate? Buy the book, then start reading with us on the Ist (or before. if you want to get a little head start). Submit your reviews on Twitter or Instagram by the 28th with the hashtag (话题标签) ;ReadWithMC to potentially have your review featured on the site. You can submit your review via your Twitter or Instagram account, but it must be a public one rather than a private one for us to see the hashtag and have it considered for the site. Or you can simply leave your review on one of our ReadWithMC Instagram posts. Your reviews may be condensed and edited for clarity, and will be chosen based on content and volume. If you submit a review with the hashtag 拼ReadWithMC. you agree to be considered for inclusion in a collectior of reviews on the site. Only reviews submitted by the 28th of each month will be considered What type of books will we read in the future? We will be reading relatively new books, i.e. books published within the past few months - most will be novels. but some may be memoirs or essay collections. No matter what, we guarantee they'll make you laugh, smile, cry or all of the above. When will the next book be announced? Starting January 1. we'll be reading The Night She Disappeared by Lisa Jewell. February's book will be announced on January 25, so you'll have enough time to purchase the book before the reading begins on the Ist. 21. Marie Claire's virtual women's book club was set up to A. encourage online reading B. facilitate book sharing C. promote certain books D. solve readers' problems 22. A reader can participate in this club by _. A. posting a ReadWithMC review via her private Twitter account B. leaving a review on Marie Claire's ReadWithMC Twitter posts C. submitting a ReadWithMC review via her public Instagram account D. adding a comment below her friend's ReadWithMC Instagram posts 23. Which book is most likely to be chosen by this club? A. Pride and Prejudice (May 1813) B. 100 Great American Poems (October 2021) C. Crying in the Bathroom: A Memoir (July 2022) D. A Practical Introduction to Gardening (March 2o2o B Four years ago, life rewarded me for all the challenges I enbraced in search of self-improvement. My spirits rose when I was selected to be in the Youth Exchange and Study (YES) programme and I realized that I was going to spend a full year in the United States. Before that moment, living on the other side of the Atlantic had always eauated-for a young Moroccar woman who had never set foot abroad-to an anxiety-free atmosphere, welcoming neighbors, and countless opportunities Fortunately, my host community checked all these boxes. My host mother went above and beyond to take care of my needs, my teachers were very accommodating with regards to my schoolwork, and I could use my status as an exchange student as an excuse when I needed a favor or an exception. As a YES student, peers from so many diverse backgrounds at school were interested in getting to know me better. With all this unique treatment, I thought to myself, "Hold on a second! Is this what you came for?" Even though my host community was so helpful and welcoming. I realized that I was growing too content with my life. I remembered that I came to the United States for a challenge and that I was determined to strengthen my capacities. To develop greater perseverance, I joined my host school's swim team, even though I had no prior experience in this sport. For over five months, I walked mysclf-somctimes reluctantly-to swim practices. During thosc practiccs, I did the best I could for three hours cach day. One of my best achievements that year was competing in one of the biggest swim meets of the year. From an outsider's perspective, it might not seem like much, especially since I didn't even win. However, I was never the athletic type, nor have I ever been particularly outstanding in terms of discipline and commitment. Yet that was cxactly what I achieved.I gaincd discipline and I came to the realization that I do not nced to bc perfect at cvcrything that I try for thc first timc. Growth can take many forms. In my casc, it took thc form of a humid cciling and an ovcrly tight polycstcr cap. Growth can only be achieved by defying personal limits and breaking free from comfort zones. This is not always a glamorous nrocees hut it alwave hrinos von clnoser to a new and imnroved version of vonrself! C. From failure to success is a long road. D. We learn things by doing them C The art of fabric dyeing is an ancient one dating back to 35oo BC. Over the centuries we humans have sought to brighten our appearance with clothing that reflects the vibrant natural colours seen in nature, and many colourants were originally sourced from the natural world around us. Waste chemicals from the dyes themselves are often highly toxic -Azo dyes which account for 6o -70 per cent of al dyes used become toxic when broken down and metabolized - and the fixing agents used which can contain formaldehy and chlorine compounds, are no better, with links to allergies and cancer, not only hazardous to humans but also to the environment. When synthetic dyes were discovered in 1856 an even greater array of colours became possible, and with the advent of the industrial revolution the fabric industry boomed. In the modern age, consumer demand fuels the fashion houses and colour is king: but the dyeing of fabrics comes at a price. In total over 8ooo chemicals have been identified as being used in the dyeing process, many of which have been noted as hazardous to health. Add to this the vast amount of water required for the dyeing process in which huge water baths are needed at every stage of the process and we can see why the industry is one of the most environmentally damaging on earth responsible for at least 17- 20 per cent of total water pollution. So is there another way? Well synthetic biologist Orr Yarkoni certainly thinks so. His company Colorifix have pioneered a new techniaue which bypasses traditional dyeing techniaues in favour of an approach based on nature's own methods. Rather than fighting nature he believes we need to tap into it in order to solve the complex environmental issues that challenge us today. "Colorifix is very much inspired from nature" he says, "nature has created a whole palette of colours that we see on a daily basis". Sourcing colours from a range of natural pigments, he then engineers microorganisms using DNA to convert agricultural by-products into dyes. When the microorganisms burst, they "fix" the colour to the fabric, thus reducing the need for massive amounts of water. The organisms themselves can be grown. or fermented. once the DNA code for the necessary colourant has been implanted and this natural reproduction is fast and efficient. Overall the whole process uses less water produces less waste, and needs far less chemicals. A new way forward inspired by nature 27. According to the passage, dyeing fabrics comes at a price because A. The dyeing materials are poisonous B. The dyeing materials are rather expensive C. The dyeing process pollutes the environment D. The dyeing process needs plenty of water 28. What is a feature of the dyeing technique proposed by Colorifix? A. It is environmentally friendly. B. It takes a longer time to acquire raw materials. C. It employs natural color which does not stay long D. It needs less water but produces poisonous pollutants 29. What can we infer from the passage? A. The dyeing process can be pollution free B. Dyeing fabrics causes the main pollutants. C. The color of nature only comes from plants. D. Human has a long history of pursuing beautiful "color". 30. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. Breathing life into a dyeing art B. History of dyeing industry C. Unknown danger behind dyeing D. Color comes with a price D Everything we know suggests that the universe is unusual. It is flatter, smoother, larger and emptier than a "typical" universe predicted by the known laws of physics. If we reached into a hat filled with pieces of paper, each with the specifications of a possible universe written on it, it is unlikely that we would get a universe anything like ours in one pick -or even a billion. The challenge that cosmologists (字宙学家) face is to make sense of this specialness. One approach to this question is inflation-the hypothesis (假设) that the early universe went through a stage of fast expansion. At first, inflation seemed to do the trick. A simple version of the idea gave correct predictions for the spectrum (范围) of fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background. But a closer look shows that we have just moved the problem further back in time. To make inflation happen at all requires us to fine-tune the initial conditions of the universe. And unless inflation is highly tuned, it leads to a runaway process of universe creation. As a result, some cosmologists suggest that there is not one universe, but an infinite number with a huge variety of properties: the multiverse. There are an infinite number of universes in the collection that are like our universe and an infinite number that are not. But the proportion of infinity to infinity is undefined, and can be made into anything the theorist wants. Thus the multiverse theory has difficulty making any firm predictions and threatens to take us out of the area of science These other universes are unobservable and because chance dictates the random distribution of properties across universes, suggesting the existence of a multiverse does not let us get to anything about our universe beyond what we already know: As attractive as the idea may seem. it is basically a sleight of hand. which turns an explanatory failure into ar apparent explanatory success. The success is empty because anything that might be observed about our universe could be explained as something that must, by chance, happen somewhere in the multiverse. We started out trying to explain why the universe is so special, and we end up being asked to believe that our universe is one of an infinite number of universes with random properties. This makes me suspect that there is a basic but unexamined assumption about the laws of nature that must be overturned. Cosmology has new questions to answer. Not just what are the laws, but why are these laws the laws? How were they chosen? We can't just hypothesise what the initial conditions were at the big bang, we need to explain those initial conditions. Thus we are in the position of a computer program asked to explain its inputs. It is clear that if we are to ge anywhere, we need to invent new methods, and perhaps new kinds of laws, to gain a scientific description of the universe as a whole. u . 31.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of our universe? A. There are several hypotheses about its early stage. B. There are more than one billion universes similar to ours C. It is expanding at a greatcr speed that it did at the stage of the big bang D. It is different from the predictions made according to the laws of physics 32. What does the writer imply about the hvpothesis of inflation? A. It hasn't been challenged. B. It doesn't make much sense C. It is by far the most reasonable approach. D. It is the simple version of a complicated idea 33.Which word in the passage is similar in meaning to the phrase "sleight of hand" (paragraph 4)? A. process B. prediction C. trick D. infinity 34. It can be inferred from the passage that the writer A. believes the idea of the multiverse will help us to understand our universe bette B. argues there is a fixed proportion of universes like ours to those unlike ours C. holds computer programs can work better than humans in cosmology D. thinks some laws of nature that we take for granted may be false 第二节(共5小题,每小题2分,共10分) What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? 35 For exanple, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say, "I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself." In fact, you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie? Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. According to him women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a'white lie", such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks terrible. 36 Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of carrying out. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some day. 37 It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying "I wish I were somewhere else now." They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure.38 Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book Man Watching calls "the mouth cover". He says there are several typical forms, such as covering part of the mouth with fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. _3o_Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and in particular the context in which the lie is told. A. However. this is only one side of the story. B. Or is it something worse than what it really is? C. A"white lie" appears to be a lie that the teller tells to profit or gain some advantage from it. D. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch (择) E. Why people sometimes cover their mouths while lying is that they wish those words had not come out of their mouths F. Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying G. Research has also studied the way people's behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie. 第三部分书面表达(共两节,32分) 第一节阅读表达(共4小题,第40、41题各2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分) 阅读下面短文,根据题目要求回答问题。 Compassion involves feeling another person's pain and wanting to take steps to help relieve their suffering. The word compassion itself derives from Latin and means "to suffer together." It is related to other emotions such as sympathy and empathy, although the concepts have some key differences. Empathy refers more to the general ability to feel the emotions of others. Compassion, on the other hand, is what happens when those feelings of empathy are accompanied by the desire to help. The difference between sympathy and compassion is that the former responds to suffering with sorrow and concern while the latter responds with warmth and care. Compassion often comes in one of two forms, which vary depending on where these feelings are directed. Your experience of compassion may be either directed toward other people, or it may be directed inwardly toward yourself. On one hand, compassion is a process of connecting by identifying with another person. When you experience compassion for putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. 39Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth. or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more freauently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and in particula the context in which the lie is told A. However, this is only one side of the story B. Or is it something worse than what it reallv is? C. A"white lie" appears to be a lie that the teller tells to profit or gain some advantage from it D. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch (瘁). E. Why people sometimes cover their mouths while lying is that they wish those words had not come out of their mouths E. Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying G. Research has also studied the way people's behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when theylic. 第三部分书面表达(共两节,32分) 第一节阅读表达(共4小题,第40、41题各2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分) 阅读下面短文,根据题目要求回答问题 Compassion involves feeling another person's pain and wanting to take steps to help relieve their suffering. The word compassion itself derives from Latin and means 'to suffer together." It is related to other emotions such as sympathy and empathy, although the concepts have some key differences. Empathy refers more to the general ability to feel the emotions of others. Compassion, on the other hand, is what happens when those feelings of empathy are accompanied by the desire to help. The difference between sympathy and compassion is that the former responds to suffering with sorrow and concern while the latter responds with warmth and care. Compassion often comes in one of two forms, which vary depending on where these feelings are directed. Your experience of compassion may be either directed toward other people, or it may be directed inwardly toward yourself. On one hand, compassion is a process of connecting by identifying with another person. When you experience compassion for other people, you feel their pain and want to find a way to relieve their suffering. These feelings motivate you to take actior to make the situation better. Self-compassion involves treating yourself with the same kindness that you would show to others. You will treat failures without defensiveness, and no longer beat yourself up you're your mistakes. You will feel understanding, mindful, and accepting of yourself and your imperfections While some people are compassionate by nature, experts also suggest that there are steps you can take to cultivate a greater sense of compassion for both yourself and others. Bring your attention to the situation. The first component of compassion is to become more aware of what other people are experiencing. Imagine yourself in their shoes. Being able to see things from another person's perspective can help you gain a sense of compassion for their situation. Let go of judgment. Focus on accepting people for who they are without criticizing or blaming the victim. Compassionate people tend to accept people as they are and avoid judgement. Practice mindfulness. Mindfulness is a practice of focusing on the present, becoming more aware of your own thoughts and observing these thoughts. Research suggests that mindfulness-based interventions can be effective for improving self compassion. 40. According to the passage, what is the difference between compassion and empathy? 41. Generally, how many forms does compassion have and what are they? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why -Compassionate people like making judgement of other people, and some of them are compassionate by nature 43. Do you think the sense of compassion is important in your life? Why or why not?(In abour 40 words) 第二节(共20分) 假定你是高三学生李华。你们学校下周将要举办主题为“自信阳光前行,拼搏铸就未来”的户外入境活动,请你给 你校的交换生Jim写一封信,邀请他参加此次活动,内容包括 .活动安排 :准备事项 注意:1.词数100左右: 2.适当增加细节.以使行文连贯 DearJin. Yours, LiHua 北京育英学校2024-2025学年高三上学期开学测英语试题答案 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. B 11. let 12. During 13. unmentioned 14. an 15. exception 16. using 17. more often 18. had been told 19. whether 20. which 21. B 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. D 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. G 38. D 39. F 40. Empathy refers more to the general ability to feel the emotions of others, while compassion is what happens when those feelings of empathy are accompanied by the desire to help. 41. Two. It may be directed toward other people, or it may be directed inwardly toward yourself. 42. Compassionate people like making judgement of other people. Compassionate people tend to accept people as they are and avoid judgement. 43. Yes, I think the sense of compassion is important in my life. Because it can help me understand and care about others, and make the world a better place. 44. Dear Jim, I'm writing to invite you to take part in an outdoor immersive activity with the theme of "Moving Forward with Confidence and Sunshine, Forging the Future through Hard Work" to be held in our school next week. The activity will start with a speech by the school principal, followed by various team-building games and challenges. These activities are designed to enhance our confidence, teamwork spirit and perseverance. To prepare for the activity, you need to wear comfortable sports clothes and shoes. Also, bring some water and a snack. I believe this activity will be a great opportunity for us to grow and learn. I hope you can join us. Yours, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$