主题02 人与社会-人际关系-【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高一英语单元阅读提升(通用版)

2024-2025学年高一英语单元阅读提升（通用版） 02 人与社会-人际关系 主题语境解读 高中英语阅读理解之人际关系类主题语境主要涉及人与人之间的相互关系、沟通技巧及情感表达。以下是该主题下的几个常见的话题：（1）‌人际关系构建：‌‌理解尊重，学会尊重他人，理解差异；‌有效沟通，掌握倾听与表达技巧。（2）‌情感表达与理解：学习描述情感的词汇；‌共情能力提升，培养理解他人感受的能力。（3）‌解决冲突策略：‌识别问题，学会客观分析问题；‌寻求共识，通过沟通寻求双方都能接受的解决方案。通过该主题的学习，学生不仅能够提升英语语言能力，还能在实际生活中更好地处理人际关系，实现个人成长。 相关词句积累 阅读理解中人际关系类主题词汇举例‌ ( 3.‌关系描述‌ ‌友谊‌：friendship, camaraderie ‌合作‌：cooperation, collaboration ‌冲突‌：conflict, clash ‌和解‌：reconciliation, settlement 4.‌社交技巧‌ ‌倾听‌：listen, heed ‌分享‌：share, partake ‌支持‌：support, uphold )1.‌核心概念‌ ‌尊重‌：esteem, respect ‌理解‌：understand, comprehension ‌沟通‌：communicate, interaction 2.‌情感表达‌ ‌喜悦‌：joy, delight ‌愤怒‌：anger, fury ‌悲伤‌：sorrow, grief ‌惊讶‌：surprise, amazement  阅读理解中人际关系类核心概念举例‌‌ ‌Interpersonal relationships‌：指人与人之间的交往和联系。 ‌Social skills‌：指在社会交往中所需的技巧和能力。 ‌Communication‌：沟通，是人际关系中的重要环节。 ‌Empathy‌：同理心，理解他人感受的能力。 ‌Conflict resolution‌：冲突解决，处理人际矛盾的方法。 ‌Teamwork‌：团队合作，共同完成任务的能力。 ‌Colleague relationship‌：同事关系，职场中的人际关系。 ‌Friendship‌：友谊，朋友之间的深厚情谊。 ‌Family ties‌：家庭纽带，家庭成员之间的联系。 人际关系中的情感表达词汇举例‌ 1.‌喜悦与兴奋‌ ‌Be thrilled about‌：对...感到激动 ‌Be overjoyed‌：欣喜若狂 2.‌惊讶与好奇‌ ‌Be amazed at‌：对...感到惊讶 ‌Be curious about‌：对...感到好奇 3.‌愤怒与不满‌ ‌Be furious about‌：对...感到愤怒 ‌Be dissatisfied with‌：对...感到不满 4.‌悲伤与失望‌ ‌Be heartbroken about‌：对...感到心碎 ‌Be disappointed in‌：对...感到失望 阅读理解中‌人际关系类句式表达举例‌ 1.‌友谊描述‌ ‌例句‌：Our friendship is built on mutual trust and support. 【这句话描述了友谊的基础是相互信任和支持】 2.‌沟通表达‌ ‌例句‌：Effective communication is key to maintaining strong relationships. 【强调沟通在维持人际关系中的重要性。】 3.‌冲突解决‌ ‌例句‌：We resolved our conflict by actively listening to each other's perspectives. 【说明通过倾听对方观点来解决冲突的方法。】 4.‌情感共鸣‌ ‌例句‌：I could sense her sadness, which deepened our bond. 【表达情感共鸣能加深人际关系的联系。】 日常生活中的人际关系维护类表达举例 1.‌表达观点‌ I believe that...(用于表达个人观点或信念) In my opinion...(强调个人观点或看法) 2.‌请求信息‌ Could you please...(礼貌地请求对方提供信息或帮助) May I ask...(用于询问对方意见或信息) 3.‌提出建议‌ What if we...(提出一种假设或建议，寻求对方意见) How about...(用于提出建议或邀请对方共同参与) 4.‌确认理解‌ So, you mean...(用于确认对方的意思或理解是否正确) Did you say...(询问对方是否说过某句话，以确认理解) 时文拓展阅读 ‌The Dynamics of Interpersonal Relationships in Today's World‌ In the ever-evolving landscape of modern society, interpersonal relationships remain a fundamental aspect of our lives. They shape our experiences, influence our emotions, and play a crucial role in our overall well-being. This article explores the dynamics of interpersonal relationships in today's world, examining the factors that contribute to their formation, maintenance, and transformation. ‌The Influence of Technology‌ Technology has revolutionized the way we connect with others. Social media platforms and instant messaging services have made it easier to maintain relationships across distances and time zones. However, this digital connectivity has also altered the nature of our interactions. The absence of face-to-face communication can lead to misunderstandings, and the constant exposure to others' curated online lives can foster feelings of envy or inadequacy. ‌The Quest for Authenticity‌ In a world where superficial connections are abundant, the quest for authenticity in relationships has become more pronounced. People are seeking deeper, more meaningful connections that provide emotional support and a sense of belonging. This shift towards authenticity is driving a reevaluation of the value of relationships and prompting individuals to prioritize quality over quantity in their social circles. ‌The Role of Empathy‌ Empathy is a crucial component of healthy interpersonal relationships. It involves understanding and sharing the feelings of others, which fosters a sense of connection and mutual respect. In today's diverse and fast-paced world, empathy becomes even more important as it helps bridge cultural and social divides, enabling individuals to navigate complex social dynamics with grace and understanding. ‌The Challenge of Boundaries‌ Setting and respecting boundaries is a significant challenge in modern relationships. The blurring of personal and professional lives, coupled with the constant availability of technology, can make it difficult to maintain a healthy balance. Clear communication and mutual understanding are essential in establishing boundaries that protect individual well-being while nurturing the growth of the relationship. ‌The Power of Vulnerability‌ Vulnerability is often seen as a weakness, but in the context of interpersonal relationships, it can be a powerful tool for building trust and intimacy. When individuals are willing to be open and honest about their feelings and experiences, they create a safe space for others to do the same. This shared vulnerability strengthens the bond between individuals and fosters a deeper level of connection. Interpersonal relationships in today's world are complex and multifaceted. They are shaped by technology, the quest for authenticity, empathy, the challenge of boundaries, and the power of vulnerability. By understanding and navigating these dynamics, individuals can cultivate meaningful, resilient, and fulfilling relationships that enrich their lives and contribute to a more connected and empathetic society. 【参考译文】 ‌当今世界人际关系的动态特征 在现代社会不断发展的环境中，人际关系仍然是我们生活的一个基本方面。它们塑造我们的经历，影响我们的情绪，并在我们的整体幸福感中发挥着至关重要的作用。本文探讨了当今世界人际关系的动态，考察了促成人际关系形成、维持和转变的因素。 ‌技术的影响 技术彻底改变了我们与他人的联系方式。社交媒体平台和即时通讯服务使跨距离和时区维护关系变得更加容易。然而，这种数字连接也改变了我们互动的性质。缺乏面对面的交流可能会导致误解，而不断接触他人精心策划的在线生活可能会引发嫉妒或不足感。 ‌对真实性的追求 在一个表面联系丰富的世界里，对关系真实性的追求变得更加明显。人们正在寻求更深层次、更有意义的联系，以提供情感支持和归属感。这种向真实性的转变正在推动对关系价值的重新评估，并促使个人在社交圈中将质量置于数量之上。 ‌同理心的作用 同理心是健康人际关系的重要组成部分。它涉及理解和分享他人的感受，这会培养一种联系和相互尊重的感觉。在当今多元化和快节奏的世界中，同理心变得更加重要，因为它有助于弥合文化和社会分歧，使个人能够优雅和理解地驾驭复杂的社会动态。 ‌边界的挑战 在现代关系中，设定和尊重界限是一个重大挑战。个人生活和职业生活的模糊，再加上技术的不断可用性，很难保持健康的平衡。清晰的沟通和相互理解对于建立保护个人福祉的界限至关重要，同时促进关系的发展。 ‌脆弱的力量 脆弱性通常被视为一种弱点，但在人际关系中，它可以成为建立信任和亲密关系的有力工具。当个人愿意坦诚地表达自己的感受和经历时，他们就会为其他人创造一个安全的空间来做同样的事情。这种共同的脆弱性加强了个人之间的联系，并促进了更深层次的联系。 当今世界的人际关系是复杂而多方面的。它们是由技术、对真实性的追求、同理心、对边界的挑战和脆弱性的力量所塑造的。通过理解和驾驭这些动态，个人可以培养有意义、有弹性和充实的关系，丰富他们的生活，并为一个更加联系和富有同情心的社会做出贡献。 综合实战演练 1 （23-24高一上·浙江台州·开学考试）Imagine you’re at a football game when this rude man sits next to you. He’s loud, he spills his drink on you, and he makes fun of your team. Days later, you’re walking in the park when suddenly it starts to rain heavily. The same guy from the football game offers you an umbrella. Do you change your mind about him based on this second meeting, or do you go with your first impression and write him off? Related research suggests that we’re quick to form lasting impressions of others based on their behaviors. On the one hand, learning very bad, highly immoral (不道德) information about someone usually has a stronger influence than learning very good, highly moral information. This is because immoral behaviors can better show a person’s true character. On the other hand, when forming and updating our opinions about others, people tend to give more importance to behaviors that are seen as less common. When thinking about others’ actions, certain areas in the brain will become active. This brain activity is connected to how often people think these behaviors happen in daily life. In other words, the brain tries to decide if the person’s behavior is common or unusual. There’s a good meaning in this data: your brain, and you, might care more about the very bad, immoral things another person has done compared (比较) to the very good, moral things, but it’s a direct result of the comparative rareness of those bad behaviors. In the situation with the rude-football-fan-turned-good-person, your brain says, “Well, in my experience, pretty much anyone would lend someone their umbrella, but the way this guy acted at the football game, that was unusual.” And so, you decide to go with your first impression. Think about the last time you judged someone based on their behavior, especially a time when you really feel like you changed your mind about someone. Was the behavior that caused you to update your impression something you’d expect anyone to do, or was it something totally out of the ordinary? 1．What does the underlined words “write him off” mean in paragraph 1? A．Ignore him. B．Forgive him. C．Accept him. D．Follow him. 2．Why do bad behaviors have a stronger influence? A．They are more memorable. B．They are seen as less common. C．They could form lasting impressions. D．They better present a person’s true nature. 3．Which of the following is your final impression to “the man”? A．Noisy. B．Impolite. C．Kind. D．Careful. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．The importance of first impressions. B．A rude-football-fan-turned-good-person. C．How to leave a good impression on others? D．What will influence your impression of others? 【答案与解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章说明了人们很快就会根据他人的行为对他们形成持久的印象以及影响对别人印象的因素。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Do you change your mind about him based on this second meeting, or do you go with your first impression and write him off? (你会因为这第二次会面而改变对他的看法吗，还是根据你的第一印象write him off？)”可知，画线词前说明的是改变对那个粗鲁的男人的看法；画线词与本句为选择关系，所以此处应该表示的是继续对他的第一印象，忽视对他现在提供雨伞的行为。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“On the one hand, learning very bad, highly immoral (不道德) information about someone usually has a stronger influence than learning very good, highly moral information. This is because immoral behaviors can better show a person’s true character. (一方面，学习关于某人的非常糟糕、非常不道德的信息通常比学习非常好、非常道德的信息具有更强的影响力。这是因为不道德的行为更能显示一个人的真实性格。)”可知，是因为不道德的行为更能体现一个人的真实性格。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Imagine you’re at a football game when this rude man sits next to you. He’s loud, he spills his drink on you, and he makes fun of your team. (想象一下，当你在看足球比赛时，这个粗鲁的男人坐在你旁边。他很吵，把饮料洒在你身上，还取笑你的团队。)”以及第四段“There’s a good meaning in this data: your brain, and you, might care more about the very bad, immoral things another person has done compared (比较) to the very good, moral things, but it’s a direct result of the comparative rareness of those bad behaviors. (这些数据有一个好的含义：你的大脑和你，可能更关心别人做过的非常坏的、不道德的事情，而不是非常好的、道德的事情，但这是对这些坏行为相对较少的直接结果。)”可知，那位男人一开始是粗鲁的；根据研究表明你的大脑和你，可能更关心别人做过的非常坏的、不道德的事情，而不是非常好的、道德的事情，所以对那位男士的印象是不礼貌的。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Do you change your mind about him based on this second meeting, or do you go with your first impression and write him off? (看足球赛的那个人给了你一把伞。你会因为第二次见面而改变对他的看法吗，还是会继续你的第一印象，把他一笔勾销?)”以及第二段“Related research suggests that we’re quick to form lasting impressions of others based on their behaviors. (相关研究表明，我们很快就会根据他人的行为对他们形成持久的印象。)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要说明的是“影响对别人印象的因素”，“什么会影响你对他人的印象？”适合做标题。故选D。 ( 阅读理解之词义猜测题 词义 猜测 题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。除了直接命题的生词外，阅读文章时，常常也会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来。 例如： What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? 【 解答方法 】 考法一：利用释义法猜词 在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。 考法二：利用构词法猜词 英语单词可以通过添加词缀、合成或转化的方式构成新词或生成新的词义。同学们要熟记一定数量的词根、前缀和后缀，从而达到通过“解剖”一个单词，对一个生词能够“望文生义”的效果。 考法三：利用因果关系猜词 若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的意义。因果关系的语境通常由because, so, thus, as a result of, so that, so/such...that...等标志词体现。 考法四：利用对比关系猜词 运用转折对比描述事物或现象是写作时常用的一种手法，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，抓住这些信号词，结合上下文意，我们就能够快速推测出词义。体现对比关系的词语很多，常见的有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead of, on the other hand, rather than, on the contrary等。 考法五：利用语境法解题 有些猜测词义句意题找不到以上标志或线索，我们可以利用上下文提供的语境进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义句意。 考法六：利用同义关系解题 画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时我们可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。常见的表示同义关系的词或短语有and, or, like, as well, similarly, too, also, either等。 考法七：利用生活常识解题 在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。 考法八：利用就近原则判指代 代词指代题原则上从上文寻找线索，确定答案。基本点是单数还是复数，指人还是指物。 ) 2 （23-24高一上·福建福州·期末）Just the other day, I was in a bookshop and found a book named How to Make Friends with Foreigners. Naturally, as a foreigner who has been living in China for a year, I was curious to see what kind of advice a Chinese writer was giving on this matter. One piece of advice really caught my attention and, I must say, made me feel quite annoyed. In the writer’s opinion, foreigners are an “opportunity” to improve your oral English; whenever you see a foreigner, you should practise speaking English with him or her. The writer goes on to say that if the foreigner doesn’t want to answer your questions, then he or she is a rude person who you wouldn’t want to spend time with anyway. I think this advice is not only incorrect, but also potentially (潜在的) damaging to the relations between Chinese and foreigners in China. Like most other “Lao Wai” living in China, I know how lonely one can sometimes feel living within a culture far removed from our own familiar ways. However, most of the time this cultural isolation (孤独) is something I simply accept as part of being here. So far my time in China has been very rewarding. I have improved my Chinese language skills, learned about one of the most swiftly developing countries in the world today and made some very close Chinese friends. Unfortunately, I have also come across many Chinese people who view me purely as an “opportunity” to improve their oral English under the guise (伪装) of making friends. I have experienced the situation where people followed me from town to my college flat and then harassed (骚扰)me to teach them English or practise English with them. I have had complete strangers throwing articles or speeches in my face, insisting that I help them with the English translation. I have had people asking me to help with immigration applications to other countries. All of these people claimed at the time that what they mainly wanted was to make friends with me. There was even one person at the weekly English Corner that I run at college who, after asking me non-stop questions for half an hour, became very angry when I politely asked him to give other people a chance to speak. He puffed himself up like a peacock and informed me that he was simply trying to be my friend. He may well have thought he was trying to be my friend, but it’s absolutely not a polite way to build friendships by pestering another person. Friendship for a lot of westerners is about spending time with someone whose company you genuinely (真正的) enjoy. It’s not about opportunities or personal advantages. The Chinese friends I have made while living here have been genuine friends to me; we enjoy each other’s company for its own sake. In this way, we’ve not only learned a good deal about each other’s culture but also about each other as individuals. So if there is any advice to give on making and keeping friendships with foreigners, I would say that it is this: Treat foreigners as people, not opportunities. Expect to make friendships gradually, over a period of time, not instantly. Don’t burden foreigners with lots and lots of different questions. At times, this approach appears confusing and unnatural. Finally, I would suggest that if you really want to make friends with a foreigner, then you do so because you are genuinely interested in the person. We all know that true friendships stand the test of time. If your only reason for becoming friends with a foreigner is to improve your English, then you will probably find that you don’t have a foreign friend for long! 1．Why does the book How to Make Friends with Foreigners annoy the author? A．Because it is written by a Chinese. B．Because it is sold at a small bookshop. C．Because it can’t understand how lonely foreigners are in China. D．Because it regards foreigners as chances to improve one’s English. 2．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．The author finds his life in China meaningful. B．The author doesn’t feel lonely in China any longer. C．The author has no trouble dealing with cultural isolation. D．The author has got used to the lifestyle in China perfectly. 3．What does the author suggest? A．Helping practise one’s oral English heart and soul. B．Experiencing cultural loneliness bravely. C．Making friends with people gradually instead of instantly. D．Making friends with people who are honest and sincere. 4．What can we learn about the author? A．unconcerned B．indifferent C．selfish D．Frank 【答案与解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者发现一本名叫《如何与外国人交朋友》的书里认为外国人是提高英语水平的机会，但是作者认为和一个外国人交朋友应该只是因为喜欢对方的陪伴。 1．细节理解题。由文章第二段“One piece of advice really caught my attention and, I must say, made me feel quite annoyed. In the writer’s opinion, foreigners are an ‘opportunity’ to improve your oral English; whenever you see a foreigner, you should practise speaking English with him or her. (有一条建议真的引起了我的注意，我必须说，这让我感到很恼火。在作者看来，外国人是提高英语口语的‘机会’；每当你看到一个外国人，你应该和他或她练习说英语。)”可知，作者对《如何与外国人交朋友》这本书不满意是因为这本书把外国人看作是提高英语水平的机会。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“However, most of the time this cultural isolation(孤独)is something I simply accept as part of being here. So far my time in China has been very rewarding. I have improved my Chinese language skills, learned about one of the most swiftly developing countries in the world today and made some very close Chinese friends.(然而，大多数时候，这种文化隔离是我在这里的一部分。到目前为止，我在中国的时间非常有收获。我提高了汉语水平，了解了当今世界上发展最快的国家之一，结交了一些非常亲密的中国朋友。)”可知，作者发现他在中国的生活很有意义。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Finally, I would suggest that if you really want to make friends with a foreigner, then you do so because you are genuinely interested in the person. We all know that true friendships stand the test of time. If your only reason for becoming friends with a foreigner is to improve your English, then you will probably find that you don’t have a foreign friend for long!(最后，我建议，如果你真的想和一个外国人交朋友，那么你这样做是因为你真的对这个人感兴趣。我们都知道，真正的友谊经得起时间的考验。如果你和外国人交朋友的唯一原因是提高你的英语水平，那么你可能会发现你没有一个外国朋友太久了！)”可推知，作者建议和诚实真诚的人交朋友。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。由文章第二段“One piece of advice really caught my attention and, I must say, made me feel quite annoyed. In the writer’s opinion, foreigners are an ‘opportunity’ to improve your oral English; whenever you see a foreigner, you should practise speaking English with him or her. The writer goes on to say that if the foreigner doesn’t want to answer your questions, then he or she is a rude person who you wouldn’t want to spend time with anyway. I think this advice is not only incorrect, but also potentially (潜在的)damaging to the relations between Chinese and foreigners in China.(有一条建议真的引起了我的注意，我必须说，这让我感到很恼火。在作者看来，外国人是提高英语口语的‘机会’；每当你看到一个外国人，你应该和他或她练习说英语。作者接着说，如果外国人不想回答你的问题，那么他或她就是一个粗鲁的人，你无论如何都不想和他或她在一起。我认为这个建议不仅是不正确的，而且可能会损害在中国的中外关系。)”可知，作者被名叫《如何与外国人交朋友》的书中的一个观点惹恼后，直接正面抨击，以及从后文作者陈述的观点来看，作者是一个很直率的人。故选D项。 3 （23-24高一上·新疆阿克苏·阶段练习）When we were very small, we realized that having friends was important. The need for friends continued as we grew into our teens. Friends played a big part in forming our personalities (性格).As adults, it is still important for us to have friends. True friends are people who like us though we made mistakes. True friends are people who listen to us and tell us the truth. Friends support our decisions and tell us when we’re foolish. They laugh with us and share our sadness. They are our partners and share interests with us. They stimulate us when we are sad. They are people we aren’t afraid of telling our secret wishes to. Friends are our supporters. When you can depend on friends, you feel safe and warm. Friends always offer support for us. At times, they also help with our everyday lives, cooking a meal, doing chores, or cheering us up when we need one. Friends also are there to offer advice, an ear to listen, or a shoulder to cry on. Friends also help us reduce stress. When we feel stressed, they not only listen to us but also discuss with us about it. Sharing interests and doing activities with friends help us forget about problems at work or at home. 1．The underlined word “stimulate” in Paragraph 2 probably means . A．educate B．encourage C．surprise D．dislike 2．We can learn from the third paragraph that friends always . A．laugh at us when we’re foolish B．tell us other people’s secrets C．share our sadness and interests D．support us when we need help 3．According to the passage, we can reduce stress by _____. A．listening to music B．discussing our stress with friends C．having a big dinner D．travelling with our friends 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．How to Reduce Stress B．How to Make New Friends C．The Importance of Friends D．The Qualities of Good Friends 【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了朋友在生活中是很重要的，真正的朋友是我们的支持者，可以帮助我们降低压力，所以我们应该珍惜友谊。 1．词句猜测题。由文章第二段“They laugh with us and share our sadness. They are our partners and share interests with us. They stimulate us when we are sad.( 他们和我们一起欢笑，分享我们的悲伤。他们是我们的伙伴，与我们有共同的利益。当我们悲伤时，他们会 我们。)”可知，这里指当我们伤心的时候，朋友可以“鼓励”我们，所以猜测stimulate表“激励，鼓励”的意思。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Friends are our supporters. When you can depend on friends, you feel safe and warm. Friends always offer support for us. At times, they also help with our everyday lives, cooking a meal, doing chores, or cheering us up when we need one.(朋友是我们的支持者。当你可以依靠朋友时，你会感到安全和温暖。朋友总是为我们提供支持。有时，他们也会帮助我们的日常生活，做饭，做家务，或者在我们需要的时候给我们打气。)”可知，当我们需要帮助时，朋友总是支持我们。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。由文章最后一段“When we feel stressed, they not only listen to us but also discuss with us about it. Sharing interests and doing activities with friends help us forget about problems at work or at home.(当我们感到压力时，他们不仅会倾听我们的声音，还会与我们讨论。与朋友分享兴趣和开展活动可以帮助我们忘记工作或家庭中的问题。)”可知，我们可以通过与朋友讨论压力来减轻压力。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“When we were very small, we realized that having friends was important. The need for friends continued as we grew into our teens. Friends played a big part in forming our personalities(性格).As adults, it is still important for us to have friends.(当我们很小的时候，我们意识到有朋友很重要。在我们十几岁的时候，对朋友的需求还在继续。朋友对我们性格的形成起了很大的作用。作为成年人，拥有朋友对我们来说仍然很重要。)”以及后文可知，文章主要介绍拥有朋友的重要性，真正的朋友是我们的支持者，可以帮助我们降低压力，所以我们应该珍惜友谊。所以C项The Importance of Friends(朋友的重要性)符合文意。故选C项。 4 （23-24高一上·广东茂名·期末）When you are a kid, gaining a best friend forever can happen in a single play date. But when you grow up to be an adult, making and maintaining friendships gets harder. So how much quality time (优质时光) do you need before that stranger becomes your friend? A new study recently found that, on average, it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual (感情不深的) friend, about 90 hours before you become real friends, and about 200 hours to become close friends. The study’s author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor, invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments — people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen. He asked them to rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person. “Results suggest that the chance of changing from casual friend to real friend is greater than 50% after around 80-100 hours together,” said Hall. The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness. “It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people as they are routinely in the same place at the same time as you,” Hall said. “However, my study shows you can have workmates you spend hundreds and hundreds of hours with and still not develop a friendship.” You do not need to become best friends with your workmates to develop meaningful relationships with them. But for those of us hoping to change from “girl who I eat lunch at work with” to “friend I can depend on,” Hall suggests that you need to take the relationship out of the workplace for it to become a friendship. The participants who did activities outside of work with someone, such as being invited to have lunch in their home, were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them. 1．What is the new study mainly about? A．Ways of making friends in a new environment. B．Why people need to make different friends. C．Different levels of friendship. D．How long it takes to develop a friendship. 2．What do we know about the participants in the study? A．They knew each other before. B．They had difficulty in making new friends. C．They were in great need of friends. D．They started their new life in the same city. 3．What does the underlined word “routinely” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Usually. B．Actively. C．Seldom. D．Confidently. 4．Which can help people build deeper relationships with workmates according to Hall? A．Joining the same work team. B．Having lunch at work with them. C．Inviting them to your home after work. D．Sharing work experience with each other. 【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是科学告诉我们一个成年人需要多长时间才能交到一个新朋友，并且建议要想发展成为朋友需要将这种关系带出工作场所。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A new study recently found that, on average, it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual (感情不深的) friend, about 90 hours before you become real friends, and about 200 hours to become close friends.(最近的一项新研究发现，平均来说，和一个人在一起大约50个小时后，你就会把他们当作普通朋友，大约90个小时后，你就会成为真正的朋友，大约200个小时后，你就会成为亲密的朋友。)”可知，研究发现与一个人在一起大约50小时会成为普通朋友，相处大约90个小时会成为真正的朋友，而相处大约200个小时后，就会成为亲密朋友。结合第二段中的“He asked them to rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person.(他要求他们评估和跟踪与一个陌生人在一起的亲密程度和时间。)”可知，在这项新研究中要求参与者评估和跟踪与一个陌生人在一起的亲密程度和花费的时间，由此可知，该新研究主要是研究发展一段友谊需要多长时间。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study’s author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor, invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments — people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen.(该研究的作者、传播学教授杰弗里·霍尔（Jeffrey Hall）邀请渴望交朋友的成年人参加了两个实验——一个是过去六个月刚搬到一个新城市的人，另一个是大学新生。)”可知，研究者邀请渴望交朋友的成年人参加了两个实验，由此可知，这项研究的参与者都是希望交朋友的人。故选C项。 3．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness.(研究发现，在一起聊天的时间，或者你在学校或工作中与他们在一起的时间，与友谊的亲密程度无关。)”可知，在一起聊天的时间或者在学校或者工作中在一起的时间与友谊的亲密程度无关，结合划线单词前的“It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people(花很多时间和别人在一起真的很容易)”可知，花很多时间与别人在一起很容易，划线单词所在的句子与此处为因果关系。由此可以推断，根据常识，作为学生或者同事，在一起很容易的原因是人们经常同时出现在同一个场所，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“经常”意义相近。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“The participants who did activities outside of work with someone, such as being invited to have lunch in their home, were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them.(在工作之外与他人一起参加活动的参与者，比如被邀请在他们家里吃午饭，更有可能与他们建立更深的关系。)”可知，在工作之外与他人一起参加活动的参与者更有可能与他们建立更深的关系，由此可知，下班之后，邀请同事到你的家里有助于和他们建立更深的关系。故选C项。 5 （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves — the positive and negative effects are just as lasting. We all talk to ourselves sometimes. We’re usually too ashamed to admit it, though. In fact, we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit. This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying “Good job!” Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably answer in a similar manner. Or harsh (刻薄的) and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive. Words have power because of their lasting effect. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid. Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem (自尊) and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours. 1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．Words have a great effect on us. B．Encouraging words give us confidence. C．Negative words may let us down. D．Not sticks and stones but words will hurt us. 2．Why is there no need for us to feel ashamed when we talk to ourselves? A．Almost everybody has the habit of talking to themselves. B．Talking to ourselves can have positive effect on us. C．Talking to ourselves always gives us courage. D．It does no harm to have “self-talk” when we are alone. 3．What does the underlined sentence mean? A．Make ourselves relaxed. B．Remind ourselves. C．Praise ourselves. D．Give ourselves happiness. 4．What can we learn from the text? A．Encouraging words are sure to lead to kind offers. B．Negative words may inspire us to make more progress. C．It is better to think twice before talking to others. D．People tend to remember friendly words. 【答案与解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章强调了言语的力量，指出无论是对别人的言语还是自言自语，积极和消极的影响都是持久的，因此对自己说话时应及时给予表扬，对他人说话时应意识到自己的言语对他人的影响，三思而后行。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves — the positive and negative effects are just as lasting. (俗话说：“棍棒和石头可以打断我的骨头，但言语永远伤害不了我。”然而，事实并非如此。语言的力量可以建立我们，也可以让我们崩溃。不管这些话是别人说的还是我们自己说的，积极和消极的影响都是一样持久的。)”可知，本段主要说明了言语对我们有很大的积极的或消极的影响。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In fact, we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit. (事实上，我们真的不应该害怕，因为越来越多的专家认为大声自言自语是一种健康的习惯。)”和第三段中“This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. (这种“自我对话”可以帮助我们激励自己，记住事情，解决问题，让自己冷静下来。)”可知，当我们自言自语时，我们没有必要感到羞耻，因为这对我们有积极的影响，有益于我们的心理健康。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线句的上文“So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. (因此，为了保持积极，我们应该只对自己说鼓励的话。)”和下文“The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying “Good job!” (下次当你完成一个项目，在考试中取得好成绩，或者终于打扫你的房间时，和我一起说“干得好！”)”可知，此处先提出自言自语的内容应该是鼓励的话，然后举例说明当自己做得好的时候，可以对自己说“干得好！”这样的话。由此推知，画线句应该是建议我们立即给自己一个表扬，即Praise ourselves“表扬自己”。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. (通常，话从我们嘴里说出来，我们没有考虑它们会有什么影响。但我们应该意识到，我们的话会引起别人的某些反应。)”、倒数第二段中“Words have power because of their lasting effect. (言语的力量在于它的持久效果。)”和最后一段中“Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem (自尊) and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. (言语具有力量：积极的和消极的。当我们积极地说话时，我们周围的人会受到鼓励。我们可以提供希望，建立自尊，激励他人做到最好。消极的话语摧毁了所有这些。)”可知，我们常常在说话时忘记言语的力量，但言语的确有或积极的，或消极的持久影响，深刻地影响他人。由此可知，和别人说话前我们最好三思而后行。故选C项。 6 （20-21高一上·广东肇庆·阶段练习）We have most friends at the age of 26 after having spent the first quarter of our lives building up our friendship circle, a new research has claimed. The research into friends hip shows that our social circle peaks at 26 years and 7 months, at which we typically have five close friends. Women are most popular at 25 years and 10 months, with men hitting the highest friendship point a little later at 27 years and 3 months. The research, by Forever Friends, shows that about a third of adults meet their closest friends when at school, with about a fifth saying they meet them at work. Social networks such as Facebook and Twitter now also play a major role in building new friendship. The research points out that 25 to 34-year-olds make 22 friends via Facebook, compared to 18 to 24-year-olds who make 12, and 35 to 44-year-olds who make just 4. Forever Friends’ relationship coach Sam Owen says, “It is no coincidence that over a third of us meet our best friends at school. It is a key time in our lives when friendship is growing through sharing notes, giving gifts, seeing each other regularly and laughing a lot. As adults we can often forget how powerful these small things are and how the little things can make a difference.” Later in life we find ourselves losing friends. Over half of us lose friendship through moving, while 36% say that over time they grow apart from close pals. Having children also causes 19% to drift away from childhood friends. With growing pressures being put on friendship these days, it’s important to make time for our friendship. 1．How many friends can a 20-year-old college student make via Facebook? A．4. B．12. C．18. D．22. 2．In Paragraph 5, the author is trying to tell the readers ________. A．how important making friends is B．that friendship is not easy to keep C．how much has been done to keep friendship D．that friendship at school is important 3．The underlined phrase “drift away from” in Paragraph 6 means “________”. A．make sense of B．lose contact with C．feel sorry for D．make up with 4．This passage is most probably taken from ________. A．Facebook or Twitter B．an advertisement C．a textbook D．a newspaper 【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。新研究表明，我们在26岁时拥有的朋友最多，慢慢地因为生活中的种种原因朋友变得越来越少，故而我们要努力地维护好友谊。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The research points out that 25 to 34-year-olds make 22 friends via Facebook, compared to 18 to 24-year-olds who make 12, and 35 to 44-year-olds who make just 4.(研究指出，25至34岁的人通过Facebook交了22个朋友，而18至24岁的人交了12个，35至44岁的人只交了4个。)”可知，18-24岁的人们通过Facebook平均交到12个朋友，一个20岁的大学生符合这个范围，故选B项。 2． 主旨大意题。根据第五段中“It is no coincidence that over a third of us meet our best friends at school. It is a key time in our lives when friendship is growing through sharing notes, giving gifts, seeing each other regularly and laughing a lot. (我们中超过三分之一的人在学校遇到了最好的朋友，这绝非巧合。这是我们生活中的一个关键时刻，通过分享笔记、送礼物、定期见面和开怀大笑，友谊不断发展。)”可知，本段主要讲上学期间是发展友谊的重要时刻。故选D项。 3． 词句猜测题。根据第六段“Later in life we find ourselves losing friends.(在后来的生活中，我们发现自己正在失去朋友。)”可知，生孩子也会导致19%的人离开儿时的朋友，故划线词的意思为“失去联系”。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“We have most friends at the age of 26 after having spent the first quarter of our lives building up our friendship circle, a new research has claimed.(一项新的研究表明，我们在26岁时拥有了大多数朋友，这是在我们度过了人生的前四分之一建立友谊圈之后。 )”可知，本文是一项研究发现，该研究称我们在26岁的时候会有最多的朋友，所以可能出自报纸。故选D项。 7 （23-24高一上·江西赣州·期末）It was a bright and sunny day. Keegan and I arranged to spend the afternoon at his place. Eager to show me his large collection of toys, he took me to his room. Among all the toys, his most treasured one was a model aeroplane. Keegan said it was a gift from his uncle who worked as a pilot. I wanted to take a closer look so I asked Keegan if I could hold it in my hands. He graciously agreed. Knowing how easily broken the aeroplane was, I carefully removed it from the display cabinet. Just as I was putting it back, I sneezed. “Snap!”One of the wings of the model aeroplane broke in my hands. When Keegan saw this, tears welled up in his eyes. Soon, tears started to roll down his cheeks uncontrollably. With my head hung low, I rushed out of his house as I did not know how to comfort him. For the next few days, I stayed out of Keegan’s way in school. I was worried that he would still be angry with me. Feeling sad without his company, I built up the courage to approach Keegan after school one day. I told Keegan, “I am so sorry for breaking your valuable aeroplane. ” “It’s okay! Our friendship is more important than a toy aeroplane, ”Keegan replied with a smile. I was extremely touched when I heard what he said. I offered to fix the broken wing of the damaged aeroplane, Keegan took me to his house and we fixed it together. 1．Why did Keegan take the writer to his room? A．To talk about their future jobs. B．To show his large collection of toys. C．To teach the writer to make model aeroplane. D．To offer the writer a model aeroplane as a gift. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．One of the wings. B．The large collection of toys. C．The display cabinet. D．The model acroplane. 3．How did the writer feel after he broke the model aeroplane? A．Embarrassed. B．Amazed. C．Touched. D．Shocked. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．The writer lost his best friend forever. B．They fixed the broken model aeroplane together. C．The writer mended his friendship with Keegan. D．The writer said sorry to Keegan immediately. 【答案与解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者把好朋友Keegan的飞机模型弄坏并帮他修好的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Eager to show me his large collection of toys, he took me to his room(他很想让我看看他收藏的大量玩具，于是把我带到他的房间)”可知，Keegan邀请作者到家里来的目的是为了看他收藏的大量玩具。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据第一段最后“Among all the toys, his most treasured one was a model aeroplane. Keegan said it was a gift from his uncle who worked as a pilot(在所有的玩具中，他最珍爱的是一架模型飞机。Keegan说这是他当飞行员的叔叔送他的礼物)”可知，作者拿在手里的是这架模型飞机。所以此处it指代的就是这架“模型飞机”。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“With my head hung low, I rushed out of his house as I did not know how to comfort him(我低着头冲出了他的房子，因为我不知道如何安慰他)”和第四段“For the next few days, I stayed out of Keegan’s way in school. I was worried that he would still be angry with me(接下来的几天，我在学校里不打扰Keegan。我担心他还会生我的气)”可知，作者在摔坏Keegan的模型飞机后，不知如何安慰Keegan，更不敢打扰他。由此推知，作者感到非常的尴尬。故选A。 4.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Our friendship is more important than a toy aeroplane(我们的友谊比玩具飞机更重要)”以及最后一段“I offered to fix the broken wing of the damaged aeroplane, Keegan took me to his house and we fixed it together (我主动提出要修理受损飞机的机翼，Keegan把我带到他家，我们一起修好了)”可推知，作者修好了Keengan的模型飞机，也修复了两人的友谊。故选C。 8 （23-24高一上·江苏常州·期中）Cats don’t live by the rules, and spend most of their time just doing what they want. For the cat owner Zack King, his cat Billy’s life was enigmatic. Free-spirited felines(猫类) who like to spend time outdoors are often gone for hours at a time, leaving their owners wondering where they’ve been or what they’ve been up to. However, King soon discovered that his beloved cat was serving as a “postcat”. Billy comes and goes as he pleases through a cat door. One day in October, when Billy was inside, King noticed a folded piece of paper covered in a plastic wrap in his collar. King carefully unwrapped it and was surprised to find a note from his neighbors. “Your cat likes to come to visit us when he is outside,” it read. “He will sit at the door and run into our house. We have no idea where he comes from. He always wants people to give him lots of scratches(挠痒). What’s his name? Does he have an owner?” King wrote a note back, attached it to Billy’s collar, and hoped it would make it to the original sender. “We’re so glad he’s making friends with the neighbors,” it read. “His name is Billy.” It wasn’t long before Billy came back with another note, and now months later, the neighbors are still pen friends. “We both like watching movies online and cooking at home,” King said. “We have no idea what the neighbors look like. We could ask for details but there’s no need—it’s nice to have some privacy sometimes.” “I was frustrated as the nights got colder and darker. Billy is spending more time indoors and sweet exchanges have become less frequent,” he says. “To be honest, a closed door and a sensitive alarm can ensure the safety of our houses. But they can prevent neighbors from having healthy friendships. To break the ice, we just need a cat and a note.” 1．What does the underlined word “enigmatic” mean in paragraph 1? A．Mysterious. B．Boring. C．Tough. D．Ordinary. 2．Why did King’s neighbors write a note? A．To know the identity of the cat. B．To express his dislike of the cat. C．To express his thanks for the cat. D．To ask King to take the cat back. 3．What can we learn from the last but one paragraph? A．King has met with his neighbors before. B．King hopes to thank the neighbors in person. C．King shares common hobbies with his neighbors. D．King has communicated with his neighbors online. 4．What does King imply in the last paragraph? A．We should make friends with neighbors. B．We should ensure the safety of our houses. C．We should respect the privacy of neighbors. D．We should keep pets to stay safe and healthy. 【答案与解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Zack King的猫Billy充当了一名“邮递员”，通过传递纸条，让Zack King和陌生的邻居成了笔友。 1．词义猜测题。根据画线词后面一句“Free-spirited felines(猫类) who like to spend time outdoors are often gone for hours at a time, leaving their owners wondering where they’ve been or what they’ve been up to.(喜欢在户外度过时光的自由奔放的猫科动物通常会一次离开几个小时，让它们的主人想知道它们去了哪里或在做什么。)”可知，猫通常一次离开数小时，主人不知道它们的动向，由此可推测出，Zack King的猫Billy的生活很神秘，enigmatic意为“神秘的”，与mysterious意思相近。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中纸条的内容“We have no idea where he comes from. He always wants people to give him lots of scratches(挠痒). What’s his name? Does he have an owner?(我们不知道他来自哪里。他总是想让人们给他挠痒。他叫什么名字？他有主人吗？)”可知，邻居写纸条想知道Billy来自哪里、有没有名字和主人，由此可推测出，邻居想知道关于这只猫的身份。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“We both like watching movies online and cooking at home(我们都喜欢在网上看电影，也喜欢在家做饭)”可知，Zack King和邻居都喜欢在网上看电影和在家做饭，由此可推测出，他们有共同的爱好。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“To be honest, a closed door and a sensitive alarm can ensure the safety of our houses. But they can prevent neighbors from having healthy friendships. To break the ice, we just need a cat and a note.(老实说，紧闭的门和灵敏的警报器可以确保我们房子安全。但它们会阻止邻居建立健康的友谊。为了打破僵局，我们只需要一只猫和一张纸条。)”可知，Zack King认为紧闭的门和灵敏的警报器会阻止邻居之间建立友谊，而借助猫和纸条，我们就可以打破这种局面，由此可推测出，他认为我们应该和邻居交朋友。故选A。 9 （23-24高一上·山东滨州·期末）I have quite a bit of experience with Toastmasters, an organization aiming to help people overcome speech anxiety. I joined many years ago with the hope of improving my public speaking. After one of my speeches, the comments I received were harsh. Constructive or not, the critique was hard to take. I felt my feelings were hurt. I learned many things from my time with Toastmasters, and one was the value of good feedback. Welcoming the critique of others is hard for adults, even when it’s well-intentioned. So naturally, we can expect that children will also struggle with it. But the feedback our children receive from teachers and parents is important to their growth and development. So as parents, we must learn how to deliver our feedback effectively, and we’ll need to train our children on how to accept it with openness and wisdom. The way parents deliver their feedback is as important as the specific words used. It’s possible to have good intentions, but when feedback is poorly given, it can be harmful and not helpful. It’s important to create a welcoming, safe environment in the home for intaking and processing feedback. Especially between a child and parent, the feedback needs to be healthy, constructive and regular. The words used are also important. In a New York Times article written by Dr. Adam Grant, an organizational psychologist at the Wharton School, he shares that it is “22 to 29 percent more effective” to encourage children with nouns than verbs, but when it comes to giving negative feedback, it’s generally better to use verbs. A parent’s feedback provides the scaffolding (脚手架) for how a child will manage their inner monologue. Consider, as an example, a discussion you may have with your child about their goals. Your feedback can encourage them not just to focus on where they are now but to reflect on how far they’ve come. This kind of feedback can spur them on to reach the finish line. 1．Why does the author mention his experience with Toastmasters? A．To tell us what is good feedback. B．To tell us to join Toastmasters. C．To show the main function of feedback. D．To show the necessity of proper feedback. 2．Which of the following feedback is effective according to Dr. Adam Grant? ① You’re a big helper.        ② You’re a poor math learner. ③ You’ve been helpful this afternoon.    ④ You didn’t do well on this math test. A．①② B．①④ C．②③ D．③④ 3．What does the underlined word “spur” in the last paragraph mean? A．Limit. B．Monitor. C．Persuade. D．Inspire. 4．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．The way to respond to feedback B．The value of accepting feedback C．How to give effective feedback D．How to become a better speaker 【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了父母应该如何对孩子进行有效的反馈。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“I have quite a bit of experience with Toastmasters, an organization aiming to help people overcome speech anxiety. I joined many years ago with the hope of improving my public speaking. After one of my speeches, the comments I received were harsh. Constructive or not, the critique was hard to take. I felt my feelings were hurt.(我在Toastmasters有过不少工作经验，这是一个旨在帮助人们克服演讲焦虑的组织。我是多年前加入的，希望能提高我的公开演讲能力。在我的一次演讲之后，我收到的评论是严厉的。不管是否有建设性，这些批评都让人难以接受。我觉得我的感情受到了伤害。)”第二段的句子“I learned many things from my time with Toastmasters, and one was the value of good feedback.(在Toastmasters工作的这段时间里，我学到了很多东西，其中之一就是好的反馈的价值。)”可以推论出，作者提到他参加Toastmasters的经历是为了说明适当反馈的必要性。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段“The words used are also important. In a New York Times article written by Dr. Adam Grant, an organizational psychologist at the Wharton School, he shares that it is “22 to 29 percent more effective” to encourage children with nouns than verbs, but when it comes to giving negative feedback, it’s generally better to use verbs.(用词也很重要。沃顿商学院(Wharton School)的组织心理学家亚当·格兰特(Adam Grant)博士在《纽约时报》(New York Times)上发表的一篇文章中说，用名词鼓励孩子比用动词“有效22%到29%”，但在给出负面反馈时，通常用动词更好。)”可知，① You’re a big helper.(用名词表示鼓励)和④ You didn’t do well on this math test.(用动词进行负面反馈)是有效的反馈。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“Your feedback can encourage them not just to focus on where they are now but to reflect on how far they’ve come.(你的反馈可以鼓励他们不仅关注自己现在所处的位置，还可以反思自己已经走了多远。)”和划线单词后面的“them on to reach the finish line”可知，划线单词和上文的encourage意义一致，“激励他们到达终点线”。所以，划线单词和D项中的inspire“激励，鼓舞”意义一致。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。这篇文章主要介绍了父母应该如何对孩子进行有效的反馈。所以，用C项“How to give effective feedback(如何给予有效的反馈)”作为本文的题目，与文章的主题相符合。故选C项。 思维素养提升 Task 1 （23-24高一上·安徽安庆·期中）当今社会，与人交往越来越成为一种不可或缺的能力，作为中学生，学会如何与人相处尤为重要。假如上周你们班对“如何与人相处”展开了讨论，请根据以下的讨论结果，以“How to get on well with others?”为题，写一篇英语短文。(从“尊重他人、学会沟通、乐于助人”3个方面思考) 注意： (1)词数80左右； (2)可适当发挥，以使行文连贯； (3)文中请勿提及你的真实姓名和学校。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】  As we all know, students should learn how to get on well with others. But in what ways? First of all, we should respect others. Everyone has their own way to do things, so we should understand each other. Besides, it is important for us to communicate with each other and share our happiness and sadness. What’s more, we should be kind to others and offer necessary help to those who are in trouble. Only in this way can we get along well with each other and feel happy. 【写作解析】本篇书面表达属于说明文，要求考生根据班级讨论结果，以“How to get on well with others?”为题，写一篇英语短文。 【要点详解】1.词汇积累 此外：besides→moreover 重要的：important→vital 提供：offer→provide 帮助：help→assistance 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Besides, it is important for us to communicate with each other and share our happiness and sadness. 拓展句：Besides, it is important that we communicate with each other and share our happiness and sadness. 【高分句型1】What’s more, we should be kind to others and offer necessary help to those who are in trouble.（运用了who引导的定语从句） 【高分句型2】Only in this way can we get along well with each other and feel happy.（运用了“only+介词短语”置于句首的倒装结构） Task 2 阅读下面短文，提据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Today’s families are busier than they have ever been! Kids take part in more after-school activities and parents have a busier social life, too. Parents are running their kids here and there. Everyone seems to be on the go. If his sounds like your family, you are not alone. However, there are still times each day when family members can be together in one place: meal times! The benefits of sharing a meal together as a family are unbelievable. Not only can children benefit, but so can the family, as a unit. Mealtime communication can make children know that their family are always there for them when they are in trouble. They will feel safe and secure. Besides, family meals provide an opportunity for all members to come together and build better relationships. How can you make family meals happen? You can start by fixing a few days a week to eat together. For example, you can set a goal to have regular family meals a least three times per week, if possible. Moreover, you don’t need to focus on dinner time only. Instead, you can include family breakfasts or lunches, which enables your family to come together and enjoy a warm family moment. What should you do for the family meals? An article by Anita Gurian, Ph. D suggests some tips. First, you should have kids prepare for the meals, such as washing and cutting vegetables, setting the table. It is also a good idea to ask them to wash the dishes after the meals. Second, you should avoid criticism and passing judgment during the meals, for non-judgmental words or questions can get kids to have a frank talk with you. In this friendly environment, they will feel free to express themselves, and closer relationship forms. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Although families are busier than they have ever been, family members can be together by meal times. Sharing a meal together as a family has plenty benefits. You can make a regular schedule for family meals. Ask children to help within their power. Then make a conversations without judgmental words or questions, which can lead a closer relationship. 【写作分析】本文是一篇说明文。现在的生活太忙碌，导致家庭成员之间的交流比以往减少了，可以通过在一起用餐的时间进行交流沟通，通过跟孩子一起准备餐点，在餐桌上聊一些愉快的话题，可以增进亲子关系。 【要点详解】1.要点摘录 ①Today’s families are busier than they have ever been! ②However, there are still times each day when family members can be together in one place: meal times! ③The benefits of sharing a meal together as a family are unbelievable. ④How can you make family meals happen? ⑤You can start by fixing a few days a week to eat together. ⑥What should you do for the family meals? ⑦First, you should have kids prepare for the meals, such as washing and cutting vegetables, setting the table. ⑧ Second, you should avoid criticism and passing judgment during the meals, for non-judgmental words or questions can get kids to have a frank talk with you. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2要点进行重组，第3要点改写，将第4、5两个要点进行整合，将第6、7、8两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Although families are busier than they have ever been, family members can be together by meal times. Sharing a meal together as a family has plenty benefits. You can make a regular schedule for family meals. Ask children to help within their power. Then make a conversations without judgmental words or questions, which can lead a closer relationship. [高分句型1]Although families are busier than they have ever been, family members can be together by meal times. (运用了although引导的状语从句) [高分句型2]Then make a conversations without judgmental words or questions, which can lead a closer relationship. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年高一英语单元阅读提升（通用版） 02 人与社会-人际关系 主题语境解读 高中英语阅读理解之人际关系类主题语境主要涉及人与人之间的相互关系、沟通技巧及情感表达。以下是该主题下的几个常见的话题：（1）‌人际关系构建：‌‌理解尊重，学会尊重他人，理解差异；‌有效沟通，掌握倾听与表达技巧。（2）‌情感表达与理解：学习描述情感的词汇；‌共情能力提升，培养理解他人感受的能力。（3）‌解决冲突策略：‌识别问题，学会客观分析问题；‌寻求共识，通过沟通寻求双方都能接受的解决方案。通过该主题的学习，学生不仅能够提升英语语言能力，还能在实际生活中更好地处理人际关系，实现个人成长。 相关词句积累 阅读理解中人际关系类主题词汇举例‌ ( 3.‌关系描述‌ ‌友谊‌：friendship, camaraderie ‌合作‌：cooperation, collaboration ‌冲突‌：conflict, clash ‌和解‌：reconciliation, settlement 4.‌社交技巧‌ ‌倾听‌：listen, heed ‌分享‌：share, partake ‌支持‌：support, uphold )1.‌核心概念‌ ‌尊重‌：esteem, respect ‌理解‌：understand, comprehension ‌沟通‌：communicate, interaction 2.‌情感表达‌ ‌喜悦‌：joy, delight ‌愤怒‌：anger, fury ‌悲伤‌：sorrow, grief ‌惊讶‌：surprise, amazement  阅读理解中人际关系类核心概念举例‌‌ ‌Interpersonal relationships‌：指人与人之间的交往和联系。 ‌Social skills‌：指在社会交往中所需的技巧和能力。 ‌Communication‌：沟通，是人际关系中的重要环节。 ‌Empathy‌：同理心，理解他人感受的能力。 ‌Conflict resolution‌：冲突解决，处理人际矛盾的方法。 ‌Teamwork‌：团队合作，共同完成任务的能力。 ‌Colleague relationship‌：同事关系，职场中的人际关系。 ‌Friendship‌：友谊，朋友之间的深厚情谊。 ‌Family ties‌：家庭纽带，家庭成员之间的联系。 人际关系中的情感表达词汇举例‌ 1.‌喜悦与兴奋‌ ‌Be thrilled about‌：对...感到激动 ‌Be overjoyed‌：欣喜若狂 2.‌惊讶与好奇‌ ‌Be amazed at‌：对...感到惊讶 ‌Be curious about‌：对...感到好奇 3.‌愤怒与不满‌ ‌Be furious about‌：对...感到愤怒 ‌Be dissatisfied with‌：对...感到不满 4.‌悲伤与失望‌ ‌Be heartbroken about‌：对...感到心碎 ‌Be disappointed in‌：对...感到失望 阅读理解中‌人际关系类句式表达举例‌ 1.‌友谊描述‌ ‌例句‌：Our friendship is built on mutual trust and support. 【这句话描述了友谊的基础是相互信任和支持】 2.‌沟通表达‌ ‌例句‌：Effective communication is key to maintaining strong relationships. 【强调沟通在维持人际关系中的重要性。】 3.‌冲突解决‌ ‌例句‌：We resolved our conflict by actively listening to each other's perspectives. 【说明通过倾听对方观点来解决冲突的方法。】 4.‌情感共鸣‌ ‌例句‌：I could sense her sadness, which deepened our bond. 【表达情感共鸣能加深人际关系的联系。】 日常生活中的人际关系维护类表达举例 1.‌表达观点‌ I believe that...(用于表达个人观点或信念) In my opinion...(强调个人观点或看法) 2.‌请求信息‌ Could you please...(礼貌地请求对方提供信息或帮助) May I ask...(用于询问对方意见或信息) 3.‌提出建议‌ What if we...(提出一种假设或建议，寻求对方意见) How about...(用于提出建议或邀请对方共同参与) 4.‌确认理解‌ So, you mean...(用于确认对方的意思或理解是否正确) Did you say...(询问对方是否说过某句话，以确认理解) 时文拓展阅读 ‌The Dynamics of Interpersonal Relationships in Today's World‌ In the ever-evolving landscape of modern society, interpersonal relationships remain a fundamental aspect of our lives. They shape our experiences, influence our emotions, and play a crucial role in our overall well-being. This article explores the dynamics of interpersonal relationships in today's world, examining the factors that contribute to their formation, maintenance, and transformation. ‌The Influence of Technology‌ Technology has revolutionized the way we connect with others. Social media platforms and instant messaging services have made it easier to maintain relationships across distances and time zones. However, this digital connectivity has also altered the nature of our interactions. The absence of face-to-face communication can lead to misunderstandings, and the constant exposure to others' curated online lives can foster feelings of envy or inadequacy. ‌The Quest for Authenticity‌ In a world where superficial connections are abundant, the quest for authenticity in relationships has become more pronounced. People are seeking deeper, more meaningful connections that provide emotional support and a sense of belonging. This shift towards authenticity is driving a reevaluation of the value of relationships and prompting individuals to prioritize quality over quantity in their social circles. ‌The Role of Empathy‌ Empathy is a crucial component of healthy interpersonal relationships. It involves understanding and sharing the feelings of others, which fosters a sense of connection and mutual respect. In today's diverse and fast-paced world, empathy becomes even more important as it helps bridge cultural and social divides, enabling individuals to navigate complex social dynamics with grace and understanding. ‌The Challenge of Boundaries‌ Setting and respecting boundaries is a significant challenge in modern relationships. The blurring of personal and professional lives, coupled with the constant availability of technology, can make it difficult to maintain a healthy balance. Clear communication and mutual understanding are essential in establishing boundaries that protect individual well-being while nurturing the growth of the relationship. ‌The Power of Vulnerability‌ Vulnerability is often seen as a weakness, but in the context of interpersonal relationships, it can be a powerful tool for building trust and intimacy. When individuals are willing to be open and honest about their feelings and experiences, they create a safe space for others to do the same. This shared vulnerability strengthens the bond between individuals and fosters a deeper level of connection. Interpersonal relationships in today's world are complex and multifaceted. They are shaped by technology, the quest for authenticity, empathy, the challenge of boundaries, and the power of vulnerability. By understanding and navigating these dynamics, individuals can cultivate meaningful, resilient, and fulfilling relationships that enrich their lives and contribute to a more connected and empathetic society. 【参考译文】 ‌当今世界人际关系的动态特征 在现代社会不断发展的环境中，人际关系仍然是我们生活的一个基本方面。它们塑造我们的经历，影响我们的情绪，并在我们的整体幸福感中发挥着至关重要的作用。本文探讨了当今世界人际关系的动态，考察了促成人际关系形成、维持和转变的因素。 ‌技术的影响 技术彻底改变了我们与他人的联系方式。社交媒体平台和即时通讯服务使跨距离和时区维护关系变得更加容易。然而，这种数字连接也改变了我们互动的性质。缺乏面对面的交流可能会导致误解，而不断接触他人精心策划的在线生活可能会引发嫉妒或不足感。 ‌对真实性的追求 在一个表面联系丰富的世界里，对关系真实性的追求变得更加明显。人们正在寻求更深层次、更有意义的联系，以提供情感支持和归属感。这种向真实性的转变正在推动对关系价值的重新评估，并促使个人在社交圈中将质量置于数量之上。 ‌同理心的作用 同理心是健康人际关系的重要组成部分。它涉及理解和分享他人的感受，这会培养一种联系和相互尊重的感觉。在当今多元化和快节奏的世界中，同理心变得更加重要，因为它有助于弥合文化和社会分歧，使个人能够优雅和理解地驾驭复杂的社会动态。 ‌边界的挑战 在现代关系中，设定和尊重界限是一个重大挑战。个人生活和职业生活的模糊，再加上技术的不断可用性，很难保持健康的平衡。清晰的沟通和相互理解对于建立保护个人福祉的界限至关重要，同时促进关系的发展。 ‌脆弱的力量 脆弱性通常被视为一种弱点，但在人际关系中，它可以成为建立信任和亲密关系的有力工具。当个人愿意坦诚地表达自己的感受和经历时，他们就会为其他人创造一个安全的空间来做同样的事情。这种共同的脆弱性加强了个人之间的联系，并促进了更深层次的联系。 当今世界的人际关系是复杂而多方面的。它们是由技术、对真实性的追求、同理心、对边界的挑战和脆弱性的力量所塑造的。通过理解和驾驭这些动态，个人可以培养有意义、有弹性和充实的关系，丰富他们的生活，并为一个更加联系和富有同情心的社会做出贡献。 综合实战演练 1 （23-24高一上·浙江台州·开学考试）Imagine you’re at a football game when this rude man sits next to you. He’s loud, he spills his drink on you, and he makes fun of your team. Days later, you’re walking in the park when suddenly it starts to rain heavily. The same guy from the football game offers you an umbrella. Do you change your mind about him based on this second meeting, or do you go with your first impression and write him off? Related research suggests that we’re quick to form lasting impressions of others based on their behaviors. On the one hand, learning very bad, highly immoral (不道德) information about someone usually has a stronger influence than learning very good, highly moral information. This is because immoral behaviors can better show a person’s true character. On the other hand, when forming and updating our opinions about others, people tend to give more importance to behaviors that are seen as less common. When thinking about others’ actions, certain areas in the brain will become active. This brain activity is connected to how often people think these behaviors happen in daily life. In other words, the brain tries to decide if the person’s behavior is common or unusual. There’s a good meaning in this data: your brain, and you, might care more about the very bad, immoral things another person has done compared (比较) to the very good, moral things, but it’s a direct result of the comparative rareness of those bad behaviors. In the situation with the rude-football-fan-turned-good-person, your brain says, “Well, in my experience, pretty much anyone would lend someone their umbrella, but the way this guy acted at the football game, that was unusual.” And so, you decide to go with your first impression. Think about the last time you judged someone based on their behavior, especially a time when you really feel like you changed your mind about someone. Was the behavior that caused you to update your impression something you’d expect anyone to do, or was it something totally out of the ordinary? 1．What does the underlined words “write him off” mean in paragraph 1? A．Ignore him. B．Forgive him. C．Accept him. D．Follow him. 2．Why do bad behaviors have a stronger influence? A．They are more memorable. B．They are seen as less common. C．They could form lasting impressions. D．They better present a person’s true nature. 3．Which of the following is your final impression to “the man”? A．Noisy. B．Impolite. C．Kind. D．Careful. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．The importance of first impressions. B．A rude-football-fan-turned-good-person. C．How to leave a good impression on others? D．What will influence your impression of others? ( 阅读理解之词义猜测题 词义 猜测 题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。除了直接命题的生词外，阅读文章时，常常也会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来。 例如： What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? 【 解答方法 】 考法一：利用释义法猜词 在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。 考法二：利用构词法猜词 英语单词可以通过添加词缀、合成或转化的方式构成新词或生成新的词义。同学们要熟记一定数量的词根、前缀和后缀，从而达到通过“解剖”一个单词，对一个生词能够“望文生义”的效果。 考法三：利用因果关系猜词 若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的意义。因果关系的语境通常由because, so, thus, as a result of, so that, so/such...that...等标志词体现。 考法四：利用对比关系猜词 运用转折对比描述事物或现象是写作时常用的一种手法，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，抓住这些信号词，结合上下文意，我们就能够快速推测出词义。体现对比关系的词语很多，常见的有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead of, on the other hand, rather than, on the contrary等。 考法五：利用语境法解题 有些猜测词义句意题找不到以上标志或线索，我们可以利用上下文提供的语境进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义句意。 考法六：利用同义关系解题 画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时我们可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。常见的表示同义关系的词或短语有and, or, like, as well, similarly, too, also, either等。 考法七：利用生活常识解题 在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。 考法八：利用就近原则判指代 代词指代题原则上从上文寻找线索，确定答案。基本点是单数还是复数，指人还是指物。 ) 2 （23-24高一上·福建福州·期末）Just the other day, I was in a bookshop and found a book named How to Make Friends with Foreigners. Naturally, as a foreigner who has been living in China for a year, I was curious to see what kind of advice a Chinese writer was giving on this matter. One piece of advice really caught my attention and, I must say, made me feel quite annoyed. In the writer’s opinion, foreigners are an “opportunity” to improve your oral English; whenever you see a foreigner, you should practise speaking English with him or her. The writer goes on to say that if the foreigner doesn’t want to answer your questions, then he or she is a rude person who you wouldn’t want to spend time with anyway. I think this advice is not only incorrect, but also potentially (潜在的) damaging to the relations between Chinese and foreigners in China. Like most other “Lao Wai” living in China, I know how lonely one can sometimes feel living within a culture far removed from our own familiar ways. However, most of the time this cultural isolation (孤独) is something I simply accept as part of being here. So far my time in China has been very rewarding. I have improved my Chinese language skills, learned about one of the most swiftly developing countries in the world today and made some very close Chinese friends. Unfortunately, I have also come across many Chinese people who view me purely as an “opportunity” to improve their oral English under the guise (伪装) of making friends. I have experienced the situation where people followed me from town to my college flat and then harassed (骚扰)me to teach them English or practise English with them. I have had complete strangers throwing articles or speeches in my face, insisting that I help them with the English translation. I have had people asking me to help with immigration applications to other countries. All of these people claimed at the time that what they mainly wanted was to make friends with me. There was even one person at the weekly English Corner that I run at college who, after asking me non-stop questions for half an hour, became very angry when I politely asked him to give other people a chance to speak. He puffed himself up like a peacock and informed me that he was simply trying to be my friend. He may well have thought he was trying to be my friend, but it’s absolutely not a polite way to build friendships by pestering another person. Friendship for a lot of westerners is about spending time with someone whose company you genuinely (真正的) enjoy. It’s not about opportunities or personal advantages. The Chinese friends I have made while living here have been genuine friends to me; we enjoy each other’s company for its own sake. In this way, we’ve not only learned a good deal about each other’s culture but also about each other as individuals. So if there is any advice to give on making and keeping friendships with foreigners, I would say that it is this: Treat foreigners as people, not opportunities. Expect to make friendships gradually, over a period of time, not instantly. Don’t burden foreigners with lots and lots of different questions. At times, this approach appears confusing and unnatural. Finally, I would suggest that if you really want to make friends with a foreigner, then you do so because you are genuinely interested in the person. We all know that true friendships stand the test of time. If your only reason for becoming friends with a foreigner is to improve your English, then you will probably find that you don’t have a foreign friend for long! 1．Why does the book How to Make Friends with Foreigners annoy the author? A．Because it is written by a Chinese. B．Because it is sold at a small bookshop. C．Because it can’t understand how lonely foreigners are in China. D．Because it regards foreigners as chances to improve one’s English. 2．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．The author finds his life in China meaningful. B．The author doesn’t feel lonely in China any longer. C．The author has no trouble dealing with cultural isolation. D．The author has got used to the lifestyle in China perfectly. 3．What does the author suggest? A．Helping practise one’s oral English heart and soul. B．Experiencing cultural loneliness bravely. C．Making friends with people gradually instead of instantly. D．Making friends with people who are honest and sincere. 4．What can we learn about the author? A．unconcerned B．indifferent C．selfish D．Frank 3 （23-24高一上·新疆阿克苏·阶段练习）When we were very small, we realized that having friends was important. The need for friends continued as we grew into our teens. Friends played a big part in forming our personalities (性格).As adults, it is still important for us to have friends. True friends are people who like us though we made mistakes. True friends are people who listen to us and tell us the truth. Friends support our decisions and tell us when we’re foolish. They laugh with us and share our sadness. They are our partners and share interests with us. They stimulate us when we are sad. They are people we aren’t afraid of telling our secret wishes to. Friends are our supporters. When you can depend on friends, you feel safe and warm. Friends always offer support for us. At times, they also help with our everyday lives, cooking a meal, doing chores, or cheering us up when we need one. Friends also are there to offer advice, an ear to listen, or a shoulder to cry on. Friends also help us reduce stress. When we feel stressed, they not only listen to us but also discuss with us about it. Sharing interests and doing activities with friends help us forget about problems at work or at home. 1．The underlined word “stimulate” in Paragraph 2 probably means . A．educate B．encourage C．surprise D．dislike 2．We can learn from the third paragraph that friends always . A．laugh at us when we’re foolish B．tell us other people’s secrets C．share our sadness and interests D．support us when we need help 3．According to the passage, we can reduce stress by _____. A．listening to music B．discussing our stress with friends C．having a big dinner D．travelling with our friends 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．How to Reduce Stress B．How to Make New Friends C．The Importance of Friends D．The Qualities of Good Friends 4 （23-24高一上·广东茂名·期末）When you are a kid, gaining a best friend forever can happen in a single play date. But when you grow up to be an adult, making and maintaining friendships gets harder. So how much quality time (优质时光) do you need before that stranger becomes your friend? A new study recently found that, on average, it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual (感情不深的) friend, about 90 hours before you become real friends, and about 200 hours to become close friends. The study’s author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor, invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments — people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen. He asked them to rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person. “Results suggest that the chance of changing from casual friend to real friend is greater than 50% after around 80-100 hours together,” said Hall. The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness. “It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people as they are routinely in the same place at the same time as you,” Hall said. “However, my study shows you can have workmates you spend hundreds and hundreds of hours with and still not develop a friendship.” You do not need to become best friends with your workmates to develop meaningful relationships with them. But for those of us hoping to change from “girl who I eat lunch at work with” to “friend I can depend on,” Hall suggests that you need to take the relationship out of the workplace for it to become a friendship. The participants who did activities outside of work with someone, such as being invited to have lunch in their home, were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them. 1．What is the new study mainly about? A．Ways of making friends in a new environment. B．Why people need to make different friends. C．Different levels of friendship. D．How long it takes to develop a friendship. 2．What do we know about the participants in the study? A．They knew each other before. B．They had difficulty in making new friends. C．They were in great need of friends. D．They started their new life in the same city. 3．What does the underlined word “routinely” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Usually. B．Actively. C．Seldom. D．Confidently. 4．Which can help people build deeper relationships with workmates according to Hall? A．Joining the same work team. B．Having lunch at work with them. C．Inviting them to your home after work. D．Sharing work experience with each other. 5 （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves — the positive and negative effects are just as lasting. We all talk to ourselves sometimes. We’re usually too ashamed to admit it, though. In fact, we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit. This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying “Good job!” Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably answer in a similar manner. Or harsh (刻薄的) and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive. Words have power because of their lasting effect. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid. Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem (自尊) and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours. 1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．Words have a great effect on us. B．Encouraging words give us confidence. C．Negative words may let us down. D．Not sticks and stones but words will hurt us. 2．Why is there no need for us to feel ashamed when we talk to ourselves? A．Almost everybody has the habit of talking to themselves. B．Talking to ourselves can have positive effect on us. C．Talking to ourselves always gives us courage. D．It does no harm to have “self-talk” when we are alone. 3．What does the underlined sentence mean? A．Make ourselves relaxed. B．Remind ourselves. C．Praise ourselves. D．Give ourselves happiness. 4．What can we learn from the text? A．Encouraging words are sure to lead to kind offers. B．Negative words may inspire us to make more progress. C．It is better to think twice before talking to others. D．People tend to remember friendly words. 6 （20-21高一上·广东肇庆·阶段练习）We have most friends at the age of 26 after having spent the first quarter of our lives building up our friendship circle, a new research has claimed. The research into friends hip shows that our social circle peaks at 26 years and 7 months, at which we typically have five close friends. Women are most popular at 25 years and 10 months, with men hitting the highest friendship point a little later at 27 years and 3 months. The research, by Forever Friends, shows that about a third of adults meet their closest friends when at school, with about a fifth saying they meet them at work. Social networks such as Facebook and Twitter now also play a major role in building new friendship. The research points out that 25 to 34-year-olds make 22 friends via Facebook, compared to 18 to 24-year-olds who make 12, and 35 to 44-year-olds who make just 4. Forever Friends’ relationship coach Sam Owen says, “It is no coincidence that over a third of us meet our best friends at school. It is a key time in our lives when friendship is growing through sharing notes, giving gifts, seeing each other regularly and laughing a lot. As adults we can often forget how powerful these small things are and how the little things can make a difference.” Later in life we find ourselves losing friends. Over half of us lose friendship through moving, while 36% say that over time they grow apart from close pals. Having children also causes 19% to drift away from childhood friends. With growing pressures being put on friendship these days, it’s important to make time for our friendship. 1．How many friends can a 20-year-old college student make via Facebook? A．4. B．12. C．18. D．22. 2．In Paragraph 5, the author is trying to tell the readers ________. A．how important making friends is B．that friendship is not easy to keep C．how much has been done to keep friendship D．that friendship at school is important 3．The underlined phrase “drift away from” in Paragraph 6 means “________”. A．make sense of B．lose contact with C．feel sorry for D．make up with 4．This passage is most probably taken from ________. A．Facebook or Twitter B．an advertisement C．a textbook D．a newspaper 7 （23-24高一上·江西赣州·期末）It was a bright and sunny day. Keegan and I arranged to spend the afternoon at his place. Eager to show me his large collection of toys, he took me to his room. Among all the toys, his most treasured one was a model aeroplane. Keegan said it was a gift from his uncle who worked as a pilot. I wanted to take a closer look so I asked Keegan if I could hold it in my hands. He graciously agreed. Knowing how easily broken the aeroplane was, I carefully removed it from the display cabinet. Just as I was putting it back, I sneezed. “Snap!”One of the wings of the model aeroplane broke in my hands. When Keegan saw this, tears welled up in his eyes. Soon, tears started to roll down his cheeks uncontrollably. With my head hung low, I rushed out of his house as I did not know how to comfort him. For the next few days, I stayed out of Keegan’s way in school. I was worried that he would still be angry with me. Feeling sad without his company, I built up the courage to approach Keegan after school one day. I told Keegan, “I am so sorry for breaking your valuable aeroplane. ” “It’s okay! Our friendship is more important than a toy aeroplane, ”Keegan replied with a smile. I was extremely touched when I heard what he said. I offered to fix the broken wing of the damaged aeroplane, Keegan took me to his house and we fixed it together. 1．Why did Keegan take the writer to his room? A．To talk about their future jobs. B．To show his large collection of toys. C．To teach the writer to make model aeroplane. D．To offer the writer a model aeroplane as a gift. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．One of the wings. B．The large collection of toys. C．The display cabinet. D．The model acroplane. 3．How did the writer feel after he broke the model aeroplane? A．Embarrassed. B．Amazed. C．Touched. D．Shocked. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．The writer lost his best friend forever. B．They fixed the broken model aeroplane together. C．The writer mended his friendship with Keegan. D．The writer said sorry to Keegan immediately. 8 （23-24高一上·江苏常州·期中）Cats don’t live by the rules, and spend most of their time just doing what they want. For the cat owner Zack King, his cat Billy’s life was enigmatic. Free-spirited felines(猫类) who like to spend time outdoors are often gone for hours at a time, leaving their owners wondering where they’ve been or what they’ve been up to. However, King soon discovered that his beloved cat was serving as a “postcat”. Billy comes and goes as he pleases through a cat door. One day in October, when Billy was inside, King noticed a folded piece of paper covered in a plastic wrap in his collar. King carefully unwrapped it and was surprised to find a note from his neighbors. “Your cat likes to come to visit us when he is outside,” it read. “He will sit at the door and run into our house. We have no idea where he comes from. He always wants people to give him lots of scratches(挠痒). What’s his name? Does he have an owner?” King wrote a note back, attached it to Billy’s collar, and hoped it would make it to the original sender. “We’re so glad he’s making friends with the neighbors,” it read. “His name is Billy.” It wasn’t long before Billy came back with another note, and now months later, the neighbors are still pen friends. “We both like watching movies online and cooking at home,” King said. “We have no idea what the neighbors look like. We could ask for details but there’s no need—it’s nice to have some privacy sometimes.” “I was frustrated as the nights got colder and darker. Billy is spending more time indoors and sweet exchanges have become less frequent,” he says. “To be honest, a closed door and a sensitive alarm can ensure the safety of our houses. But they can prevent neighbors from having healthy friendships. To break the ice, we just need a cat and a note.” 1．What does the underlined word “enigmatic” mean in paragraph 1? A．Mysterious. B．Boring. C．Tough. D．Ordinary. 2．Why did King’s neighbors write a note? A．To know the identity of the cat. B．To express his dislike of the cat. C．To express his thanks for the cat. D．To ask King to take the cat back. 3．What can we learn from the last but one paragraph? A．King has met with his neighbors before. B．King hopes to thank the neighbors in person. C．King shares common hobbies with his neighbors. D．King has communicated with his neighbors online. 4．What does King imply in the last paragraph? A．We should make friends with neighbors. B．We should ensure the safety of our houses. C．We should respect the privacy of neighbors. D．We should keep pets to stay safe and healthy. 9 （23-24高一上·山东滨州·期末）I have quite a bit of experience with Toastmasters, an organization aiming to help people overcome speech anxiety. I joined many years ago with the hope of improving my public speaking. After one of my speeches, the comments I received were harsh. Constructive or not, the critique was hard to take. I felt my feelings were hurt. I learned many things from my time with Toastmasters, and one was the value of good feedback. Welcoming the critique of others is hard for adults, even when it’s well-intentioned. So naturally, we can expect that children will also struggle with it. But the feedback our children receive from teachers and parents is important to their growth and development. So as parents, we must learn how to deliver our feedback effectively, and we’ll need to train our children on how to accept it with openness and wisdom. The way parents deliver their feedback is as important as the specific words used. It’s possible to have good intentions, but when feedback is poorly given, it can be harmful and not helpful. It’s important to create a welcoming, safe environment in the home for intaking and processing feedback. Especially between a child and parent, the feedback needs to be healthy, constructive and regular. The words used are also important. In a New York Times article written by Dr. Adam Grant, an organizational psychologist at the Wharton School, he shares that it is “22 to 29 percent more effective” to encourage children with nouns than verbs, but when it comes to giving negative feedback, it’s generally better to use verbs. A parent’s feedback provides the scaffolding (脚手架) for how a child will manage their inner monologue. Consider, as an example, a discussion you may have with your child about their goals. Your feedback can encourage them not just to focus on where they are now but to reflect on how far they’ve come. This kind of feedback can spur them on to reach the finish line. 1．Why does the author mention his experience with Toastmasters? A．To tell us what is good feedback. B．To tell us to join Toastmasters. C．To show the main function of feedback. D．To show the necessity of proper feedback. 2．Which of the following feedback is effective according to Dr. Adam Grant? ① You’re a big helper.        ② You’re a poor math learner. ③ You’ve been helpful this afternoon.    ④ You didn’t do well on this math test. A．①② B．①④ C．②③ D．③④ 3．What does the underlined word “spur” in the last paragraph mean? A．Limit. B．Monitor. C．Persuade. D．Inspire. 4．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．The way to respond to feedback B．The value of accepting feedback C．How to give effective feedback D．How to become a better speaker 思维素养提升 Task 1 （23-24高一上·安徽安庆·期中）当今社会，与人交往越来越成为一种不可或缺的能力，作为中学生，学会如何与人相处尤为重要。假如上周你们班对“如何与人相处”展开了讨论，请根据以下的讨论结果，以“How to get on well with others?”为题，写一篇英语短文。(从“尊重他人、学会沟通、乐于助人”3个方面思考) 注意： (1)词数80左右； (2)可适当发挥，以使行文连贯； (3)文中请勿提及你的真实姓名和学校。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Task 2 阅读下面短文，提据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Today’s families are busier than they have ever been! Kids take part in more after-school activities and parents have a busier social life, too. Parents are running their kids here and there. Everyone seems to be on the go. If his sounds like your family, you are not alone. However, there are still times each day when family members can be together in one place: meal times! The benefits of sharing a meal together as a family are unbelievable. Not only can children benefit, but so can the family, as a unit. Mealtime communication can make children know that their family are always there for them when they are in trouble. They will feel safe and secure. Besides, family meals provide an opportunity for all members to come together and build better relationships. How can you make family meals happen? You can start by fixing a few days a week to eat together. For example, you can set a goal to have regular family meals a least three times per week, if possible. Moreover, you don’t need to focus on dinner time only. Instead, you can include family breakfasts or lunches, which enables your family to come together and enjoy a warm family moment. What should you do for the family meals? An article by Anita Gurian, Ph. D suggests some tips. First, you should have kids prepare for the meals, such as washing and cutting vegetables, setting the table. It is also a good idea to ask them to wash the dishes after the meals. Second, you should avoid criticism and passing judgment during the meals, for non-judgmental words or questions can get kids to have a frank talk with you. In this friendly environment, they will feel free to express themselves, and closer relationship forms. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$