17.气象学与天气预报-2024-2025学年九年级英语阅读热点话题(通用版)

2024-2025学年九年级英语阅读热点话题(通用版) 2024-2025学年九年级英语阅读热点话题(通用版) 17.气象学与天气预报 1 Now satellites are helping to forecast (预报) the weather. They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world. The satellites take pictures of the atmosphere (大气), because this is where the weather forms (形成). They send these pictures to the weather stations. From the pictures, meteorologists (气象学家) can often say how the weather will change. Today, nearly more than one hundred weather stations in over ninety countries receive satellite pictures. When they receive new pictures, the meteorologists compare them with earlier ones. Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours. This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too. In their next weather forecast, the meteorologists can say this. So the weather satellites are a great help to the meteorologists. Before satellites were invented, they could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours. Now they can make good forecasts for two weeks. Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for fifteen days or more ahead (提前). 1．Satellites travel ________. A．in space B．in the atmosphere C．above the ground D．above space 2．Why do we use the weather satellites to take pictures of the atmosphere? Because ________. A．clouds form there B．the weather forms there C．the weather satellites can do it easily D．the pictures can forecast the weather 3．Meteorologists forecast the weather ________. A．during they study satellite pictures B．before they received satellite pictures C．when they have received satellite pictures D．after they have compared new satellite pictures with earlier ones 4．Maybe we’ll soon be able to forecast the weather for ________. A．five days B．one week C．two weeks D．fifteen days or even longer 5．The main (主要的) idea of this passage is that satellites are now used in ________. A．weather forecasting B．taking pictures of the atmosphere C．doing other work in many ways D．receiving pictures of the atmosphere 2 No one can change the weather. But if we understand the signs around us, we can tell the changes in weather. This way of telling what the weather will be like on the following days is called weather forecasting (预测). For many centuries and in all countries, people have studied the weather and tried to make weather forecasting. For example, rings around the sun are a sign of coming rain. And wet weather often makes people feel their joints (关节) hurt. Some birds fly high if fine weather is coming, but they fly near the ground if rainy weather is on the way. If you see a rainbow (彩虹) during rainy weather, this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine. Such rainbows come in the evening. If the stars look bright and clear at night, then fine weather will continue. If a big fog (雾) appears in the morning just above a river, then the day will be warm. If the sunset (落日) is red in color, then the following day will be fine. If a rainbow appears in the morning, rainy weather will probably come. If you know how to read these signs in the right way, you will become a good weather reporter! 1．What does the underlined phrase “on the way” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Leaving. B．Disappearing. C．Coming. D．Changing. 2．What will the weather be like when the stars are bright and clear at night? A．It will be windy. B．It will be rain. C．It will be snowy. D．It will be fine. 3．How can we forecast the weather will be rainy? A．By seeing a rainbow appears in the morning. B．By seeing some birds fly high in the sky. C．By seeing a big fog appears in the morning. D．By seeing the sunset is red in color. 4．What is the purpose of this text? A．It tells us different kinds of weather. B．It tells us some stories about weather. C．It tells us how to make weather forecasting. D．It tells us all animals can help us forecast weather. 3 The sun shows its face every day, but an amazing new telescope is showing a whole different view of it. And guess what? Our familiar friend in the sky has some impressive features! Seen from the earth without a fancy telescope, the sun looks like a big sugar cookie shining in the sky. However, in detailed photos and videos got by the new telescope, the sun’s surface looks lumpy and bumpy. These amazing images are taken by the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST), the most powerful solar telescope in the world. As a project of the National Science Foundation (NSF), the telescope is named after a U.S. politician who represented the state of Hawaii, which is home to the high-tech, high-resolution wonder. The DKIST is at the top of Haleakalā on the island of Maui, which is…a volcano! While that might sound like a risky place for a $344-million telescope. What’s more, the combination of high elevation, low air disturbance, and deep blue skies make it an ideal location to study the sun. Modern astronomers aren’t the first to recognize that Haleakalā has a special connection to the sun—ancient Hawaiians were far earlier than them. The top of Haleakalā is admired by native Hawaiians, who gave the place its name “House of the Sun.” Now, after ten years’ construction, the DKIST is sunbathing in this high spot. When the telescope’s first videos and photos were posted, they attracted wild media attention like a superstar, but the NSF has much bigger goals. The astronomers want to study the surface of the sun to better predict solar weather. Why would people want a weather forecast for a place that’s over 145 million kilometers away? Because events on the surface of the sun can end up affecting us right here at home. Solar weather can disable satellite systems and GPS tracking systems and even cause blackouts, in which large areas temporarily lose electricity. In 2017, solar flares disabled radio communications as three hurricanes were attacking the Caribbean. As you can imagine, that was a terrible shock to emergency response capability. By studying the images the DKIST captures, scientists hope to learn how to predict solar weather in time for people to plan in advance and prevent disasters. Meanwhile, we can all enjoy getting an eye-opening new view of the sun! 1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the first three paragraphs? A．The sun looks like a big sugar cookie in the DKIST’s image. B．The telescope is named after a famous U.S. astronomer. C． The top of Haleakalā is an ideal place for the solar research. D． Modern astronomers named the top of Haleakalā “House of the Sun.” 2．The underlined word “blackouts” in Paragraph 5 means temporary losses of ________. A．sight B．memory C．electric power D．GPS system 3．The NSF’s purpose of building the DKIST is to ________. A．take amazing pictures and videos of the sun B．attract more public attention of the sun C．show the rapid progress of the solar research D．better predict solar weather and prevent disasters 4．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．New View of the Sun B．A Prediction of the Solar Research C．Weather Forecast for the Sun D．The Best Location for Solar Research 4 Geography is the study of Earth and its climates. Scientists use it to study global warming and track the weather. Governments use it to learn where people live and work and to plan what to do with the land. It is now easier than ever to use geography because of a science called space technology. The United States launched its first satellite in 1958. Some space missions that followed were geographical studies. In fact, earth science is a big part of the work of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Astronauts looked out of the space shuttle. They decided to take photographs of Earth from their vantage point. Over the years, picture quality improved. Shuttle photography now shows land features, such as rivers. It can even show the streets of large cities. Photos of the same places at different times show how the land is changing. NASA does not use just photographs, though. In 1958 it launched TIROS (the Television Infrared Observation Satellite). This first use of a satellite to study Earth was effective in giving weather forecasts. It led to the creation of new space tools to use in geography. The Landsat Program began in 1972. This satellite sent detailed views of Earth from space. The pictures were so precise that scientists could count the number and kinds of crops in a field. Landsat showed where Earth’s surface had faults along which earthquakes might happen. This information helped in the planning of new cities and factories. Landsat also made discoveries. In Antarctica it located ranges of unknown mountains. It pinpointed small lakes in Virginia that were no ton maps. Landsat, now more advanced, still flies today. Another space tool is Earth Observing-1 (EO-1). This spacecraft flies right behind Landsat. It takes pictures of the same sites. The two sets of pictures, viewed together, show how cities grow and how other places, such as rain forests, become smaller over time. This helps scientists learn how people affect geography. One of the newest space tools is the Geographical Information Systems (GIS). GIS is computer software that helps scientists to study Earth. GIS is different from earlier space tools. Businesses, schools, and even average people — not just the government —can use it to show them how changes in the planet might affect them. 1．Why do governments study geography according to the passage? A．To improve the environment. B．To make the land use plan. C．To make new discoveries. D．To count the crops in a field. 2．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．The U.S. satellite program began in 1972. B．Landsat was able to take pictures of other planets. C．TIROS was successful in giving weather forecasts. D．GIS can only be used by the government. 3．EO-1 takes photographs of the same places as Landsat because __________. A．the two groups of pictures can show the changes of Earth B．EO-1 is practicing for future photography missions C．Landsat is out of date and new pictures are needed D．Landsat can’t send detailed views of Earth from space 4．From the passage, we can infer that ___________. A．GIS is the newest computer to study Earth B．NASA only depends on photos to study Earth C．satellite pictures can give more detailed information D．recent U.S. satellites are as advanced as the old ones 5 An old saying used for forecasting (预测) the weather says, “Red sky at night, sailors’ delight. Red sky in the morning, sailors (水手) take warning.” Is the saying true? It turns out that it is. A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming. Forecasting the weather has been practiced for thousands of years. In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. They used signs in nature to forecast the weather. But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance (提前). They use scientific instruments to study weather conditions around the world and make forecasts. Pilots, farmers and many other people depend on these forecasts. Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming. If you are looking for some signs of the weather, pay attention to nature. There are two basic rules used in weather forecasting: Weather generally moves from west to east, and low air pressure (压力) usually means rain or snow. So pay attention to the signs. If rainbows form in the west at sunrise, the sun is on the way. Smell the flowers—their smells are stronger in wet air. What are the ants doing? Are they moving to higher ground? This could mean a drop in air pressure. Are the birds flying low or high? Falling air pressure may influence birds’ ears, so they fly low. And if the sky is red at sunset, you might plan a picnic for the next day! 1．What is the old saying about? A．The beauty of sunrise. B．The night sky. C．The signs of the weather. D．The sailors’ work. 2．What does the underlined word “meteorologists” mean? A．The persons who give daily weather reports on TV. B．The persons who carry out research on natural history. C．The persons who take an interest in plants and animals. D．The persons who do scientific studies of weather conditions. 3．How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2? A．By listing the reasons for terrible weather. B．By telling a true story about weather forecasting. C．By introducing different ways of forecasting the weather. D．By mentioning the difficulties in forecasting the weather. 4．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．It’ll be sunny if ants move to higher places. B．The smells of flowers are stronger in wet air. C．Birds fly higher because of the low air pressure. D．It’ll rain if rainbows form in the west at sunrise. 5．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To encourage people to get close to nature. B．To express the need for weather forecasting. C．To explain nature can tell us about the weather. D．To discuss how important weather forecasting is. 6 The graphic（图表）shows the weather forecast for Washington, DC on Sept. 26 and the following seven days. Please finish the forecast and the report. 1．What temperature is Washington, DC now? A．16℃ B．22℃ C．28℃ D．29℃ 2．When will the highest temperature occur（出现）today according to the graphic? A．Around 10 a.m. B．Around 2 p.m. C．Around 4 p.m. D．Around 7 p.m. 3．What will the weather be like in the following seven days? A．It will be almost cloudy every day. B．There will be wind over the next two days. C．It will be a little hotter after Sunday. D．There are two rainy days and five sunny days. 4．If Andy wants to have a picnic on October 3rd, what do you advise him to take with him? A．A sun hat. B．A rain coat. C．A wind coat. D．A pair of gloves. 5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the graphic? A．Temperatures change most on Tuesday. B．Around 10:00 p.m., there will be a 50 percent possibility of rain. C．It is 3:26 a.m. right now and it is raining outside. D．We will see the lowest temperature, reaching 14℃ on Sept, 29th. 7 Predicting (预测) something in the future seems as if it would need supernatural powers—which doesn’t sound very scientific! But there’s no magic here. Instead, scientists who study the weather use special tools to help make their predictions. Weather science is called meteorology. That may sound as if it’s about studying meteors (流星), but it’s not. The name comes from an ancient Greek word and means “the study of things that are up high.” And, to study those high-up things, scientists put tools up there to help. Now let’s see how these tools are used to help predict the weather. First of all, a small tool called the weather station is connected to a weather balloon. And then scientists send both the weather station and the weather balloon high into the sky. There, the weather station takes important information about the things like air pressure and temperature. What’s happening way up there can influence what happens in our part of the sky. After that, the weather stations on the ground throughout the world give correct, real-time information, which help scientists see how the weather is changing from moment to moment. At the same time, the satellites (卫星), both far above our atmosphere and within it, are other tools that also collect facts or important information for weather scientists. After receiving information from weather stations and satellites, radar (雷达) shows rainfall and where it’s moving, as well as wind speed and direction. Finally, all the information is sent into supercomputers, which can tell what might most probably happen next (according to what has happened under those conditions before). Scientists combine all of this with their own knowledge and experience to let you know what kind of weather might be on the way. Since a change in any factor (因素) can change the final result, weather predictions are more precise for upcoming hours and days, rather than weeks. That’s why scientists need to change their predictions often-and can’t tell you today whether it will rain when you’re at camp in July! 1．The writer thinks predicting the weather ______. A．needs supernatural powers B．is all about studying meteors C．requires some special tools D．was popular in ancient Greece 2．Which is the correct order of predicting the weather? ①The information like temperature is recorded. ②Supercomputers tell what is going to happen. ③Radar tells information about rainfall and wind. ④The weather station is connected to a weather balloon. A．①④③② B．①③④② C．④②③① D．④①③② 3．What does the underlined word “more precise” in Para.6 probably mean? A．cheaper B．safer C．more exact D．more convenient 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．How do satellites help predict the weather? B．How do scientists know about the weather? C．How does nature tell secrets about the weather? D．How does the weather station influence the weather? 8 The Tianchi Meteorological Station is one of China’s best weather stations. It is at an altitude (海拔) of about 2,620 meters and is about 150 meters away from Tianchi Lake on the top of Changbai Mountain.Weather workers there enjoy wonderful sights, but also work under terrible weather conditions. The average temperature there is -7.3℃ with the lowest of -44.0℃. Every year, there are strong winds in about 269 days with some up to 74 kilometers per hour. Snow can be seen in about 250 days. And there are 56 days of thunderstorms. The station was set up in 1958 to collect more weather information. Since it was set up, many workers have done their part in collecting weather information from Changbai Mountain. Jiao Xiangzhao, 53, is one of them. He has worked there for 24 years. Over the past years, conditions have improved a lot. Since 2010, new equipment has been used at the station. In 2016, a new building of 1,000 square meters was built. Workers could work more safely there. Working at the station may be hard but important. Jiao feels happy that he can help to change the world for the better through his job. 1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．The setting up of the station. B．The weather condition at the station. C．The beautiful sight at the station. 2．What does the underlined word “conditions” mean in Chinese? A．状况 B．困难 C．危险 3．Why was the station built there at first? A．To protect the wild animals there. B．To report the terrible weather. C．To get weather information 4．When did Jiao Xiangzhao start to work at the station? A．In 1958. B．In 1999. C．In 2013. 5．What does Jiao Xiangzhao think of his job now? A．Safe. B．Successful. C．Helpful. 9 We often use some warning signals to describe how serious a meteorological disaster(气象灾害) is . For example, let’s see how to describe the level of a snowstorm. Warning signal Meaning Notice It means the amount of snowfall reaches 4mm or more in 12 hours, or the snowfall continues when it gets to 4 mm. It may affect (影响) people’s daily life . Fight against snowstorm; Work of sweeping and melting the snow; Be careful not to slide (滑倒). The amount of snowfall reaches 6 mm or more in 12 hours, or the snow continues to fall after it gets to 6 mm. It may have effects on people’s daily life. The same as the first notice. The amount of snowfall reaches 10 mm or more in 6 hours, or it continues to fall after getting to 10 mm. It has a great effect on people’s life. The same as the first notice and moreover, avoid unnecessary outdoor activities. The amount of snowfall reaches 15 mm or more in 6 hours, or it continues to fall after getting to 15 mm. It has a very great effect on people’s life. The same as the third notice. 1．Which of the four signals describe the most serious snowstorm? A．The blue one. B．The yellow one. C．The orange one. D．The red one. 2．If the amount of snowfall gets to 13 mm in 6 hours, the signal should be . A．blue B．yellow C．orange D．red 3．The meaning of the underlined word “melting” may be “ ”. A．凝结 B．凝固 C．融化 D．熔化 4．If the warning signal is red, which of the following things CANNOT Lucy do? A．She is going to watch CCTV news about snowstorm at home. B．She is going to take photos of snow in the front of her house. C．She is going to draw a picture about snow in the field. D．She is going to sleep in bed. 5．Which of the following places may the signals come from? A．The travelling department. B．The meteorological department. C．The traffic department. D．The railway department. 10 What’s the weather like in your city today? Weather forecasts (天气预报) tell you. Do you know where they come from? Zhang Shuai is a weatherman. He goes on TV and tells people what the weather will be like. Let’s follow him to have a look. Who makes weather forecasts There are many experts (专家) working for the China Meteorological Administration (中国气象局). They use their knowledge (知识) of the weather and equipment (仪器) to predict the weather. Weather satellites in space and weather stations help experts know the weather. How a TV studio (演播室) works Zhang has a meeting with the experts every day. He collects all the information about the weather. Then he goes into the TV studio to forecast the weather. The weatherman does not look at the map. But he can point to the right places on the map. How? There is not a map behind me in the studio. There are only two monitors (监视器). I watch them and then point to a blue cloth. When people watch TV, they can see a map on the place of the blue cloth. At the same time, I can’t forget to look at the cameras. “Practice makes perfect,” Zhang says. Being a weatherman If you want to be a weatherman, you should have knowledge of meteorology (气象学). You also have to know the map of China and the world map well. 1．Which of the following can be a weather satellite? A． B． C． D． 2．According to the passage, who predicts the weather? A．Weathermen. B．TV stations. C．Weather stations. D．Experts. 3．Before the weather forecasts, what does Zhang Shuai do? A．He studies the map. B．He collects information from weather stations. C．He meets experts and collects information. D．He meets experts in the studio. 4．While Zhang Shuai is forecasting the weather, he doesn’t . A．watch the cameras B．look at the map C．watch the monitors D．point to the blue cloth 5．Which is TRUE about being a weatherman? A．He must be good at photographing. B．He doesn’t need to practise a lot. C．He must know the map well. D．He must visit the TV stations. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$2024-2025学年九年级英语阅读热点话题(通用版) 2024-2025学年九年级英语阅读热点话题(通用版) 17.气象学与天气预报 1 Now satellites are helping to forecast (预报) the weather. They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world. The satellites take pictures of the atmosphere (大气), because this is where the weather forms (形成). They send these pictures to the weather stations. From the pictures, meteorologists (气象学家) can often say how the weather will change. Today, nearly more than one hundred weather stations in over ninety countries receive satellite pictures. When they receive new pictures, the meteorologists compare them with earlier ones. Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours. This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too. In their next weather forecast, the meteorologists can say this. So the weather satellites are a great help to the meteorologists. Before satellites were invented, they could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours. Now they can make good forecasts for two weeks. Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for fifteen days or more ahead (提前). 1．Satellites travel ________. A．in space B．in the atmosphere C．above the ground D．above space 2．Why do we use the weather satellites to take pictures of the atmosphere? Because ________. A．clouds form there B．the weather forms there C．the weather satellites can do it easily D．the pictures can forecast the weather 3．Meteorologists forecast the weather ________. A．during they study satellite pictures B．before they received satellite pictures C．when they have received satellite pictures D．after they have compared new satellite pictures with earlier ones 4．Maybe we’ll soon be able to forecast the weather for ________. A．five days B．one week C．two weeks D．fifteen days or even longer 5．The main (主要的) idea of this passage is that satellites are now used in ________. A．weather forecasting B．taking pictures of the atmosphere C．doing other work in many ways D．receiving pictures of the atmosphere 【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了气象学家是如何利用气象卫星进行天气预报的。 1．细节理解题。根据“They are in space”可知，卫星在太空里。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“From the pictures, meteorologists can often say how the weather will change.”可知，大气的照片可以用来预测天气。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“When they receive new pictures, the meteorologists compare them with earlier ones.”可知，气象学家会将照片与以前的照片对比。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“Now they can make good forecasts for two weeks. Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for fifteen days or more ahead.”可知，现在只能预测2周的天气，15天及以上的天气无法预测。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据“Now satellites are helping to forecast the weather.”可知，本文主要讲了用气象卫星预测天气。故选A。 2 No one can change the weather. But if we understand the signs around us, we can tell the changes in weather. This way of telling what the weather will be like on the following days is called weather forecasting (预测). For many centuries and in all countries, people have studied the weather and tried to make weather forecasting. For example, rings around the sun are a sign of coming rain. And wet weather often makes people feel their joints (关节) hurt. Some birds fly high if fine weather is coming, but they fly near the ground if rainy weather is on the way. If you see a rainbow (彩虹) during rainy weather, this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine. Such rainbows come in the evening. If the stars look bright and clear at night, then fine weather will continue. If a big fog (雾) appears in the morning just above a river, then the day will be warm. If the sunset (落日) is red in color, then the following day will be fine. If a rainbow appears in the morning, rainy weather will probably come. If you know how to read these signs in the right way, you will become a good weather reporter! 1．What does the underlined phrase “on the way” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Leaving. B．Disappearing. C．Coming. D．Changing. 2．What will the weather be like when the stars are bright and clear at night? A．It will be windy. B．It will be rain. C．It will be snowy. D．It will be fine. 3．How can we forecast the weather will be rainy? A．By seeing a rainbow appears in the morning. B．By seeing some birds fly high in the sky. C．By seeing a big fog appears in the morning. D．By seeing the sunset is red in color. 4．What is the purpose of this text? A．It tells us different kinds of weather. B．It tells us some stories about weather. C．It tells us how to make weather forecasting. D．It tells us all animals can help us forecast weather. 【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了如何根据周围的事物预测天气情况。 1．词义猜测题。根据“Some birds fly high if fine weather is coming, but they fly near the ground ...”可知，“on the way”和前半句的“coming”有相同的含义。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“If the stars look bright and clear at night, then fine weather will continue.”可知，如果星星清晰又明亮，就会有好天气。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“If a rainbow appears in the morning, rainy weather will probably come.”可知，如果早上出现彩虹，就可能会下雨。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了如何根据周围的事物来推测天气情况。故选C。 3 The sun shows its face every day, but an amazing new telescope is showing a whole different view of it. And guess what? Our familiar friend in the sky has some impressive features! Seen from the earth without a fancy telescope, the sun looks like a big sugar cookie shining in the sky. However, in detailed photos and videos got by the new telescope, the sun’s surface looks lumpy and bumpy. These amazing images are taken by the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST), the most powerful solar telescope in the world. As a project of the National Science Foundation (NSF), the telescope is named after a U.S. politician who represented the state of Hawaii, which is home to the high-tech, high-resolution wonder. The DKIST is at the top of Haleakalā on the island of Maui, which is…a volcano! While that might sound like a risky place for a $344-million telescope. What’s more, the combination of high elevation, low air disturbance, and deep blue skies make it an ideal location to study the sun. Modern astronomers aren’t the first to recognize that Haleakalā has a special connection to the sun—ancient Hawaiians were far earlier than them. The top of Haleakalā is admired by native Hawaiians, who gave the place its name “House of the Sun.” Now, after ten years’ construction, the DKIST is sunbathing in this high spot. When the telescope’s first videos and photos were posted, they attracted wild media attention like a superstar, but the NSF has much bigger goals. The astronomers want to study the surface of the sun to better predict solar weather. Why would people want a weather forecast for a place that’s over 145 million kilometers away? Because events on the surface of the sun can end up affecting us right here at home. Solar weather can disable satellite systems and GPS tracking systems and even cause blackouts, in which large areas temporarily lose electricity. In 2017, solar flares disabled radio communications as three hurricanes were attacking the Caribbean. As you can imagine, that was a terrible shock to emergency response capability. By studying the images the DKIST captures, scientists hope to learn how to predict solar weather in time for people to plan in advance and prevent disasters. Meanwhile, we can all enjoy getting an eye-opening new view of the sun! 1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the first three paragraphs? A．The sun looks like a big sugar cookie in the DKIST’s image. B．The telescope is named after a famous U.S. astronomer. C． The top of Haleakalā is an ideal place for the solar research. D． Modern astronomers named the top of Haleakalā “House of the Sun.” 2．The underlined word “blackouts” in Paragraph 5 means temporary losses of ________. A．sight B．memory C．electric power D．GPS system 3．The NSF’s purpose of building the DKIST is to ________. A．take amazing pictures and videos of the sun B．attract more public attention of the sun C．show the rapid progress of the solar research D．better predict solar weather and prevent disasters 4．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．New View of the Sun B．A Prediction of the Solar Research C．Weather Forecast for the Sun D．The Best Location for Solar Research 【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了太阳每天都会露面，但是一个神奇的新望远镜，给了我们一个完全不同的视角。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“The DKIST is at the top of Haleakalā on the island of Maui, which is…a volcano! While that might sound like a risky place for a $344-million telescope. What’s more, the combination of high elevation, low air disturbance, and deep blue skies make it an ideal location to study the sun.”可知，Haleakalā的山顶是研究太阳的理想场所。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据上文“in which large areas temporarily lose electricity.”可知，此处指甚至会导致大面积停电，划线单词“blackouts”的意思是“电力”，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文中“By studying the images the DKIST captures, scientists hope to learn how to predict solar weather in time for people to plan in advance and prevent disasters. Meanwhile, we can all enjoy getting an eye-opening new view of the sun!”可知，NSF建立DKIST的目的是更好地预测太阳天气和预防灾害。故选D。 4．标题归纳题。根据文中“The sun shows its face every day, but an amazing new telescope is showing a whole different view of it. And guess what? …However, in detailed photos and videos got by the new telescope, the sun’s surface looks lumpy and bumpy.”及“Meanwhile, we can all enjoy getting an eye-opening new view of the sun!”可知，主要讲述了太阳每天露面，但是一个神奇的新望远镜，给了我们一个完全不同的视角，这个最好的标题是“新的太阳看法”，故选A。 4 Geography is the study of Earth and its climates. Scientists use it to study global warming and track the weather. Governments use it to learn where people live and work and to plan what to do with the land. It is now easier than ever to use geography because of a science called space technology. The United States launched its first satellite in 1958. Some space missions that followed were geographical studies. In fact, earth science is a big part of the work of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Astronauts looked out of the space shuttle. They decided to take photographs of Earth from their vantage point. Over the years, picture quality improved. Shuttle photography now shows land features, such as rivers. It can even show the streets of large cities. Photos of the same places at different times show how the land is changing. NASA does not use just photographs, though. In 1958 it launched TIROS (the Television Infrared Observation Satellite). This first use of a satellite to study Earth was effective in giving weather forecasts. It led to the creation of new space tools to use in geography. The Landsat Program began in 1972. This satellite sent detailed views of Earth from space. The pictures were so precise that scientists could count the number and kinds of crops in a field. Landsat showed where Earth’s surface had faults along which earthquakes might happen. This information helped in the planning of new cities and factories. Landsat also made discoveries. In Antarctica it located ranges of unknown mountains. It pinpointed small lakes in Virginia that were no ton maps. Landsat, now more advanced, still flies today. Another space tool is Earth Observing-1 (EO-1). This spacecraft flies right behind Landsat. It takes pictures of the same sites. The two sets of pictures, viewed together, show how cities grow and how other places, such as rain forests, become smaller over time. This helps scientists learn how people affect geography. One of the newest space tools is the Geographical Information Systems (GIS). GIS is computer software that helps scientists to study Earth. GIS is different from earlier space tools. Businesses, schools, and even average people — not just the government —can use it to show them how changes in the planet might affect them. 1．Why do governments study geography according to the passage? A．To improve the environment. B．To make the land use plan. C．To make new discoveries. D．To count the crops in a field. 2．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．The U.S. satellite program began in 1972. B．Landsat was able to take pictures of other planets. C．TIROS was successful in giving weather forecasts. D．GIS can only be used by the government. 3．EO-1 takes photographs of the same places as Landsat because __________. A．the two groups of pictures can show the changes of Earth B．EO-1 is practicing for future photography missions C．Landsat is out of date and new pictures are needed D．Landsat can’t send detailed views of Earth from space 4．From the passage, we can infer that ___________. A．GIS is the newest computer to study Earth B．NASA only depends on photos to study Earth C．satellite pictures can give more detailed information D．recent U.S. satellites are as advanced as the old ones 【答案与解析】短文大意：阅读短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了观测卫星在地理研究方面的应用，并重点介绍了几种地球观测卫星的应用特点等内容。 14．细节理解题。根据Governments use it to learn where people live and work and to plan what to do with the land. 描述，可知政府研究地理是为了搞土地规划。故选B。 15．根据This first use of a satellite to study Earth was effective in giving weather forecasts.描述，可知泰罗斯气象侦察卫星在天气预报方面很成功。故选C。 16．细节理解题。根据短文倒数第二段The two sets of pictures, viewed together, show how cities grow and how other places, such as rain forests, become smaller over time.描述，可知通过对比两张照片就可以发现地球上的变化。故选A。 17．推理判断题。阅读短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了观测卫星在地理研究方面的应用，随着科技进步，这些卫星的分辨率是越来越高，据此我们可以推断，卫星图片能提供更详细的信息。故选C。 5 An old saying used for forecasting (预测) the weather says, “Red sky at night, sailors’ delight. Red sky in the morning, sailors (水手) take warning.” Is the saying true? It turns out that it is. A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming. Forecasting the weather has been practiced for thousands of years. In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. They used signs in nature to forecast the weather. But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance (提前). They use scientific instruments to study weather conditions around the world and make forecasts. Pilots, farmers and many other people depend on these forecasts. Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming. If you are looking for some signs of the weather, pay attention to nature. There are two basic rules used in weather forecasting: Weather generally moves from west to east, and low air pressure (压力) usually means rain or snow. So pay attention to the signs. If rainbows form in the west at sunrise, the sun is on the way. Smell the flowers—their smells are stronger in wet air. What are the ants doing? Are they moving to higher ground? This could mean a drop in air pressure. Are the birds flying low or high? Falling air pressure may influence birds’ ears, so they fly low. And if the sky is red at sunset, you might plan a picnic for the next day! 1．What is the old saying about? A．The beauty of sunrise. B．The night sky. C．The signs of the weather. D．The sailors’ work. 2．What does the underlined word “meteorologists” mean? A．The persons who give daily weather reports on TV. B．The persons who carry out research on natural history. C．The persons who take an interest in plants and animals. D．The persons who do scientific studies of weather conditions. 3．How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2? A．By listing the reasons for terrible weather. B．By telling a true story about weather forecasting. C．By introducing different ways of forecasting the weather. D．By mentioning the difficulties in forecasting the weather. 4．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．It’ll be sunny if ants move to higher places. B．The smells of flowers are stronger in wet air. C．Birds fly higher because of the low air pressure. D．It’ll rain if rainbows form in the west at sunrise. 5．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To encourage people to get close to nature. B．To express the need for weather forecasting. C．To explain nature can tell us about the weather. D．To discuss how important weather forecasting is. 【答案与解析】本文主要介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气。 1．细节理解题。根据“A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming.”可知，日落时的红色天空可能意味着太阳落山的西方天空晴朗。日出时天空呈红色通常意味着晴朗的天气已经过去，因此暴风雨可能即将来临。所以这句谚语是关于天气的迹象，故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance (提前).”可知，提前发布准确的预报的应该是气象学家，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. ... Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming.”可知，希腊人利用自然界的迹象来预报天气，气象学家使用科学仪器研究世界各地的天气状况并做出预测，也可以看一下智能手机或打开电视来了解天气。所以作者在第二段通过介绍不同的天气预报方法展开他的观点，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Smell the flowers—their smells are stronger in wet air.”可知，闻闻花——它们的气味在潮湿的空气中更强烈。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气，是在解释自然可以告诉我们天气情况。故选C。 6 The graphic（图表）shows the weather forecast for Washington, DC on Sept. 26 and the following seven days. Please finish the forecast and the report. 1．What temperature is Washington, DC now? A．16℃ B．22℃ C．28℃ D．29℃ 2．When will the highest temperature occur（出现）today according to the graphic? A．Around 10 a.m. B．Around 2 p.m. C．Around 4 p.m. D．Around 7 p.m. 3．What will the weather be like in the following seven days? A．It will be almost cloudy every day. B．There will be wind over the next two days. C．It will be a little hotter after Sunday. D．There are two rainy days and five sunny days. 4．If Andy wants to have a picnic on October 3rd, what do you advise him to take with him? A．A sun hat. B．A rain coat. C．A wind coat. D．A pair of gloves. 5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the graphic? A．Temperatures change most on Tuesday. B．Around 10:00 p.m., there will be a 50 percent possibility of rain. C．It is 3:26 a.m. right now and it is raining outside. D．We will see the lowest temperature, reaching 14℃ on Sept, 29th. 【答案与解析】本文是一篇应用文，是一幅关于华盛顿的当前以及未来七天的天气图表。 1．细节理解题。根据图表上方最大的数字22℃可以知道，当前温度应为22℃。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据图表下方温度曲线图可知，大概下午2点曲线达到最高峰。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据图表显示，星期天后会比之前热，所以星期天后气温上升，正确。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据图表显示，10月3号星期三这天天气晴朗，气温较高，因此建议戴太阳帽。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据图表显示，最低温度在9月29日达到14℃。故选D。 7 Predicting (预测) something in the future seems as if it would need supernatural powers—which doesn’t sound very scientific! But there’s no magic here. Instead, scientists who study the weather use special tools to help make their predictions. Weather science is called meteorology. That may sound as if it’s about studying meteors (流星), but it’s not. The name comes from an ancient Greek word and means “the study of things that are up high.” And, to study those high-up things, scientists put tools up there to help. Now let’s see how these tools are used to help predict the weather. First of all, a small tool called the weather station is connected to a weather balloon. And then scientists send both the weather station and the weather balloon high into the sky. There, the weather station takes important information about the things like air pressure and temperature. What’s happening way up there can influence what happens in our part of the sky. After that, the weather stations on the ground throughout the world give correct, real-time information, which help scientists see how the weather is changing from moment to moment. At the same time, the satellites (卫星), both far above our atmosphere and within it, are other tools that also collect facts or important information for weather scientists. After receiving information from weather stations and satellites, radar (雷达) shows rainfall and where it’s moving, as well as wind speed and direction. Finally, all the information is sent into supercomputers, which can tell what might most probably happen next (according to what has happened under those conditions before). Scientists combine all of this with their own knowledge and experience to let you know what kind of weather might be on the way. Since a change in any factor (因素) can change the final result, weather predictions are more precise for upcoming hours and days, rather than weeks. That’s why scientists need to change their predictions often-and can’t tell you today whether it will rain when you’re at camp in July! 1．The writer thinks predicting the weather ______. A．needs supernatural powers B．is all about studying meteors C．requires some special tools D．was popular in ancient Greece 2．Which is the correct order of predicting the weather? ①The information like temperature is recorded. ②Supercomputers tell what is going to happen. ③Radar tells information about rainfall and wind. ④The weather station is connected to a weather balloon. A．①④③② B．①③④② C．④②③① D．④①③② 3．What does the underlined word “more precise” in Para.6 probably mean? A．cheaper B．safer C．more exact D．more convenient 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．How do satellites help predict the weather? B．How do scientists know about the weather? C．How does nature tell secrets about the weather? D．How does the weather station influence the weather? 【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了气象学家如何预测天气。 1．细节理解题。根据“Instead, scientists who study the weather use special tools to help make their predictions.”可知，作者认为预测天气需要一些特殊的工具。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“First of all, a small tool called the weather station is connected to a weather balloon.”可知，气象站与气象气球相连；根据“There, the weather station takes important information about the things like air pressure and temperature”可知，温度信息会被记录下来；根据“After receiving information from weather stations and satellites, radar (雷达) shows rainfall and where it’s moving, as well as wind speed and direction.”可知，雷达提供有关降雨和风力的信息；根据“Finally, all the information is sent into supercomputers, which can tell what might most probably happen next”可知，超级计算机告诉我们将会发生什么，因此正确的顺序是④①③②。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据“Since a change in any factor (因素) can change the final result, weather predictions are more precise for upcoming hours and days, rather than weeks.”可知，前文提到了由于任何因素的变化都可能改变最终结果，因此后文指的对未来几小时和几天的天气预报会更精确，划线词为“更精确的”。故选C。 4．标题归纳题。通读全文，可知，本文主要介绍了气象学家如何预测天气，选项B“科学家是怎么知道天气的”为最佳标题。故选B。 8 The Tianchi Meteorological Station is one of China’s best weather stations. It is at an altitude (海拔) of about 2,620 meters and is about 150 meters away from Tianchi Lake on the top of Changbai Mountain.Weather workers there enjoy wonderful sights, but also work under terrible weather conditions. The average temperature there is -7.3℃ with the lowest of -44.0℃. Every year, there are strong winds in about 269 days with some up to 74 kilometers per hour. Snow can be seen in about 250 days. And there are 56 days of thunderstorms. The station was set up in 1958 to collect more weather information. Since it was set up, many workers have done their part in collecting weather information from Changbai Mountain. Jiao Xiangzhao, 53, is one of them. He has worked there for 24 years. Over the past years, conditions have improved a lot. Since 2010, new equipment has been used at the station. In 2016, a new building of 1,000 square meters was built. Workers could work more safely there. Working at the station may be hard but important. Jiao feels happy that he can help to change the world for the better through his job. 1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．The setting up of the station. B．The weather condition at the station. C．The beautiful sight at the station. 2．What does the underlined word “conditions” mean in Chinese? A．状况 B．困难 C．危险 3．Why was the station built there at first? A．To protect the wild animals there. B．To report the terrible weather. C．To get weather information 4．When did Jiao Xiangzhao start to work at the station? A．In 1958. B．In 1999. C．In 2013. 5．What does Jiao Xiangzhao think of his job now? A．Safe. B．Successful. C．Helpful. 【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了天池气象站的工作环境，以及其工作人员工作情况。 1．段落大意题。根据“The Tianchi Meteorological Station is one of China’s best weather stations. It is at an altitude (海拔) of about 2,620 meters and is about 150 meters away from Tianchi Lake on the top of Changbai Mountain....”及全段可知，本段主要介绍了气象站周围的天气状况。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据后文“The average temperature there is -7.3℃ with the lowest of -44.0℃. Every year, there are strong winds in about 269 days with some up to 74 kilometers per hour.”可知，此处介绍的是那里的恶劣天气状况，所以划线单词表示“状况”，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“The station was set up in 1958 to collect more weather information. ”可知，最初是为了收集更多的天气信息，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“ Jiao Xiangzhao, 53, is one of them. He has worked there for 24 years.”可知，他在那里工作了24年，也就是1999年开始的，故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“Working at the station may be hard but important. Jiao feels happy that he can help to change the world for the better through his job.”可知，他很高兴能通过自己的工作帮助世界变得更美好，说明他觉得他的工作是有用的，故选C。 9 We often use some warning signals to describe how serious a meteorological disaster(气象灾害) is . For example, let’s see how to describe the level of a snowstorm. Warning signal Meaning Notice It means the amount of snowfall reaches 4mm or more in 12 hours, or the snowfall continues when it gets to 4 mm. It may affect (影响) people’s daily life . Fight against snowstorm; Work of sweeping and melting the snow; Be careful not to slide (滑倒). The amount of snowfall reaches 6 mm or more in 12 hours, or the snow continues to fall after it gets to 6 mm. It may have effects on people’s daily life. The same as the first notice. The amount of snowfall reaches 10 mm or more in 6 hours, or it continues to fall after getting to 10 mm. It has a great effect on people’s life. The same as the first notice and moreover, avoid unnecessary outdoor activities. The amount of snowfall reaches 15 mm or more in 6 hours, or it continues to fall after getting to 15 mm. It has a very great effect on people’s life. The same as the third notice. 1．Which of the four signals describe the most serious snowstorm? A．The blue one. B．The yellow one. C．The orange one. D．The red one. 2．If the amount of snowfall gets to 13 mm in 6 hours, the signal should be . A．blue B．yellow C．orange D．red 3．The meaning of the underlined word “melting” may be “ ”. A．凝结 B．凝固 C．融化 D．熔化 4．If the warning signal is red, which of the following things CANNOT Lucy do? A．She is going to watch CCTV news about snowstorm at home. B．She is going to take photos of snow in the front of her house. C．She is going to draw a picture about snow in the field. D．She is going to sleep in bed. 5．Which of the following places may the signals come from? A．The travelling department. B．The meteorological department. C．The traffic department. D．The railway department. 【答案与解析】文章大意：文章为我们介绍了四种关于暴风雪的预警标志，提醒我们这些标志在何时出现以及出现了该怎么办。 1．细节理解题。根据第四种红色警报描述The amount of snowfall reaches 15 mm or more in 6 hours, or it continues to fall after getting to 15 mm. It has a very great effect on people’s life.可知，第四种红色信号描述了最严重的暴风雪，故答案选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三种红橙色警报描述The amount of snowfall reaches 10 mm or more in 6 hours, or it continues to fall after getting to 10 mm.可知，如果6小时内降雪量达到13毫米，可知信号应该是橙色，故答案选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据下文Be careful not to slide (滑倒).“小心别滑倒。”结合Work of sweeping and melting the snow;可知句意为“清扫和融化雪的工作”，所以melting意思应是“融化”，故答案选C。 4．理解判断题。根据红色警报需要注意的事项Fight against snowstorm; Work of sweeping and melting the snow; Be careful not to slide (滑倒). moreover, avoid unnecessary outdoor activities.结合选项，可知C选项“她打算画一幅关于田野里的雪的画”是不允许的，因为去田野里画画是户外活动，是禁止的，故答案选C。 5．文章来源题。通读全文可知，文章为我们介绍了四种关于暴风雪的预警标志，提醒我们这些标志在何时出现以及出现了该怎么办。结合选项A. The travelling department.旅游部门；B. The meteorological department.气象部门；C. The traffic department.交通部门；D. The railway department.铁路部门。可知B选项符合题意，故答案选B。 10 What’s the weather like in your city today? Weather forecasts (天气预报) tell you. Do you know where they come from? Zhang Shuai is a weatherman. He goes on TV and tells people what the weather will be like. Let’s follow him to have a look. Who makes weather forecasts There are many experts (专家) working for the China Meteorological Administration (中国气象局). They use their knowledge (知识) of the weather and equipment (仪器) to predict the weather. Weather satellites in space and weather stations help experts know the weather. How a TV studio (演播室) works Zhang has a meeting with the experts every day. He collects all the information about the weather. Then he goes into the TV studio to forecast the weather. The weatherman does not look at the map. But he can point to the right places on the map. How? There is not a map behind me in the studio. There are only two monitors (监视器). I watch them and then point to a blue cloth. When people watch TV, they can see a map on the place of the blue cloth. At the same time, I can’t forget to look at the cameras. “Practice makes perfect,” Zhang says. Being a weatherman If you want to be a weatherman, you should have knowledge of meteorology (气象学). You also have to know the map of China and the world map well. 1．Which of the following can be a weather satellite? A． B． C． D． 2．According to the passage, who predicts the weather? A．Weathermen. B．TV stations. C．Weather stations. D．Experts. 3．Before the weather forecasts, what does Zhang Shuai do? A．He studies the map. B．He collects information from weather stations. C．He meets experts and collects information. D．He meets experts in the studio. 4．While Zhang Shuai is forecasting the weather, he doesn’t . A．watch the cameras B．look at the map C．watch the monitors D．point to the blue cloth 5．Which is TRUE about being a weatherman? A．He must be good at photographing. B．He doesn’t need to practise a lot. C．He must know the map well. D．He must visit the TV stations. 【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了天气预报的来源和制作过程。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Weather satellites in space...”可知，气象卫星是在太空中运行，四幅图片中只有 A项符合要求。故选 A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“There are many experts working for... to predict the weather.”可知，是气象专家在预测天气状况。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Zhang has a meeting with the experts every day. He collects all the information about the weather. Then he goes into the TV studio to forecast the weather.”可知，在播报天气之前，他先要和专家见面并收集信息。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段中“There is not a map behind me in the studio.”可知，在张帅播报天气时，他不会去看地图，因为他身后没有地图可看。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“You also have to know the map of China and the world map well.”可知，要想成为一名气象播报员就得对地图很了解。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$