2025届高考英语一轮复习 专题2：数词 核心考点精讲精练

2025年高考英语一轮复习 专题2：数词 核心考点精讲精练（原卷版） 【考点梳理】 考点一、基数词 表示数量的词叫基数词。1---12的基数词是独立单词;13---19的基数词都是以-teen结尾的，要注意thirteen，fifteen，eighteen的拼法稍有不同;20一90的十位数，以后缀-ty结尾，要注意twenty，thirty，fifty，eighty的特殊点。如下表： 1---12 13---19 20一90 百、千、百万、十亿 1→one 2→two 3→three 4→four 5.five 6→six 7→seven 8→eight 9→nine 10→ten 11→eleven 12→twelve 13→thirteen 14→fourteen 15→fifteen 16→sixteen 17→seventeen 18→eighteen 19→nineteen 20→twenty 30→thirty 40→forty 50→fifty 60→sixty 70→seventy 80→eighy 90→niney 100→a hundred 1,000→a thousand 1,000,000→a million 1,000,000,000→ a billion(美) a thousand million(英) 【考查点1】基数词的读法 1)三位数的读法:第一个数字+ hundred +and+后面的一位或两位数字。 如:107→one hundred and seven;765→seven hundred and sixty-five。 2)1，000以上的数的读法:先从后向前数，每三位数加一个逗号，第一个逗号前的数字用thousand(千)，第二个逗号前的数字用million(百万)，用 "几十thousand"表示 "几万"，以 "几百thousand"表示 "几十万"，用 "几十million"表示 "几千万"，用"几百million"表示 "几亿"。如:13，789，653→thirteen million seven hundred and eighty-nine thousand six hundred and fifty-three。 【考查点2】数词的复数形式 1)表示几十岁时。如“二十多岁”说twenties，表示的是20岁到29岁。依次类推，thirties表示“三十几岁”，forties表示“四十几岁”，但“十几岁”不可说tens，而要说teens，指13岁至19岁，“in one's+基数词复数”也是一个比较重要的知识点。形式如: He died in his thirties. She is in her teens. 2)表示几十年代时，如：“二十世纪八十年代”写成1980s或1980’s，均读作nineteen eighties，指的是1980至1989年这十年间，需注意的是，年代用文字表示时则不可用-'s形式。如: Great changes took place in the l970s. History has entered the eighties. 3)表示不确定数目时，这时要在million，thousand，hundred等词后加上-s并与of连用，表示大约多至“数以……计”，但millions of等前不能再加基数词，却可加some，several等表示不确定数目的修饰语，而million，thousand，hundred等词前面有数字时，就不能再加-s，也不能加of如: Millions of other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun. Some hundreds of new buildings have been put up here this year. There are two thousand students in my school. 4)当基数词用作可数名词或用于某些固定词组中时，也要用复数。如: How many sevens are there in forty-nine? 49里面有多少个7？ They arrived by twos and threes. 他们三三两两的来了。 Wait a minute.I’ll be finished in two twos. 请等一下，我马上就来 【考查点3】数词和名词单数一起作定语，中间用连字符连接。 a seven-year-old girl 一个七岁的女孩 a two-thousand-word article 一篇2千字的文章 【考查点4】当基数词和序数词同时修饰一个名词时，序数词一般放在基数词前；但如果序数词充当描绘性修饰时，则放在基数词后。 He is one of the first five students. 他是前五名的学生之一。 He won three first prizes. 他获得三次第一名。 即时检测： 1．A woman in her (sixty) told him her husband had died of cancer a week earlier. 2． (million) of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. 考点二、序数词 表示数目顺序的词叫序数词。序数词的构成规则,如下表： 范围 特点 实例 特殊情况 1--19 基数词词尾加th fourth, sixth, seventh 第1、 第二和第三的序数词分别是first，second和third; eight在变为eighth时少了一个字母t；nine在变为ninth时去掉了一个字母“e”; 以“ve”结尾的基数词变序数词时，须将“ve”改为“f”，然后再加“th”。five→fifth，twelve→twelfth 20,30, -- 90 各十位数字变y为i后加th twenty→twentieth， thirty→thirtieth sixty-nine→sixty-ninth 21-29 31—39 91-99 只须变个位的基数词为序数词 twenty→twenty-second forty-four→forty-fourth sixty-nine→sixty-ninth 【考查点】序数词前是需要加定冠词the的，但也有不用定冠词的情况 1)表示顺序的语气很弱，具有“又一”、“再一”的意思时，其前要用不定冠词，不用定冠词。如: l.He cast the net a second time. 2.A third bullet passed. 2)序数词前己有指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格或every时，不用定冠词。如: l.He made his first set in an old box. 2.Berlin in 1929 held a public celebration on Einstein’s fiftieth birthday. 3)在表示分数的序数词前不用定冠词。如: From then on Bashi toured three-fourths of Beijing. Two-thirds of the area is covered by trees. 4)数词与名词构成复合名词时，不用定冠词。如: There is a first-class hotel over there. He went to a second-hand bookshop. 5)序数词用作副词时，不用定冠词。如： Why did the captain first hesitate in letting the boy risk climbing the tree? First come，first served. 6)在一些由序数词构成的固定词组里不用定冠词。如: 1.at first 2.first of all 3.from first to last 即时检测： 3．You’d better go home to see your parents (two) a week. They need more care. 4．The Great Wall is known as (被认为) the (eight) wonder (奇迹) of the world. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点三、数词的功能 【考查点1】序号表示法 （1）单纯的序号，可在基数词前加number,简写为No.。如：No.1第一号 （2）事物名词的序号表达法有什所不同： ①对于一些小序号可有序数词也可用基数词表达. 形式分别为：the +序数词 + 名词；名词 + 基数词。 如：第一次世界大战可以表示为the First World War或World War One。 ②对于一些大序号我们通常只用一种表达法，即名词 + 数词。 如：501号房间表示为Room 501, 538路公共汽车表示为Bus 538。 ③可用a / the + number + 基数词 + 名词。 如：a No.5 bus一辆五路公共汽车，the No.8 bus那辆8路公共汽车。 【考查点2】倍数的表达方式 一般情况下我们用以下四种倍数表达方式： （1）倍数用在as + 形容词 / 副词（原级）+ as结构之前。如： They have three times as many cows as we do. （2）倍数放在形容词或副词的比较级之前或by + 倍数用在比较级之后。如： This rope is four times longer than that one. They produced more products in 2001 than those in 2000 by twice. （3）倍数用在表示度量名词前，其基本结构为：倍数 + the + size / length / weight … + of + 表示比较对象的名词，也可用于倍数 + what引导的从句中。如： This room is three times the size of that one. The college is twice what it was 5 years age. You can’t imagine that rats eat 40 to 50 times their weight. （4） 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ than…。例如： The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。 【考查点3】大约数的表示方法 （1）用ten、dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million等数词的复数后加of短语来表示几十、几百、上千、成千上万等大约数概念。如： The little boy buys dozens of pencils every term. Thousands of people died in the earthquake. Every year tens of thousands of people go to work in Guangdong Province. （2）用、less than、under、below、almost、nearly、up to 等来表示小于或接近某数目。如： He is good at English, so he can finish the paper in less than two hours. （3）用more than、over、above、beyond、or more等来表示超过或多于某个数目。如： Peking University has a history of more than 100 years. （4）用or、or so、about、around、some、more or less等表示在某一数目左右。如： About 50 people were present at that time. （5）用to、from … to…、between … and表示介于两数词。如： His salary rises from 20 dollars a week to 35 dollars a week. （6）注意事项：dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million作数词表示确切数量时，不用复数。如：three score, five dozen, seven million等。 【考查点4】分数的表达方式 （1）分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母用复数。如：one-third三分之一，three-sevenths七分之三。 （2）分子与分母之间加in, 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如：one in ten 十分之一，five in eight八分之五。 （3）分子与分母之间加out of , 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如：one out of ten十分之一，five out of eight八分之五。 【考查点5】百分数的表示法 （1）表示百分数直接将数词放在单词percent前面即可，如：twenty percent百分之二十。 （2）分数和百分数后面不能直接接名词或代词，而用以下形式：分数/百分数 ＋of + 冠词 / 限定词 + 名词/ 代词 ，其谓语动词与of后的名词在人称和数上保持一致，如： Two-thirds of the money was spent on food. About seventy percent of the earth surface is covered by water. 6.【考查点】小数的表示法 小数的表示法，小数点前的总值发同其他数词一样，小数点用point,小数点后面的数读成个位数，如：9.65表示为nine point six five。218.39表示为two hundred and eighteen point three nine。 即时检测： 5．The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations says about one (three) of the food produced worldwide each year is wasted or lost. 6．Two (five) of the students in our class are going to summer camp in Beijing next week. 7．One ten known species in the world can be found here. 【达标训练】 一、单句语法填空 1．This year, Remila spent her (five) Spring Festival aboard the carrier. 2．I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times much. 3．There are approximately 12 (million) migrants with their dependants living in the EU countries. 4．There are twelve floors in this building and Mr. Wu’s office is on the (four) floor. 5．Only a (minor) of British households do not have a car. 6．The square now is three times it used to be. 7．Much to his surprise, he invited only ten friends to his party, but (two) as many came. 8．The majority of the inhabitants left for the mainland in the early (1990). 9．Dozens people have been injured and many vehicles set on fire. 10．We have seen (dozen) of tall buildings spring up almost overnight, with roads and highways reaching every corner. 11．The equipment could be used for a (vary) of educational purposes. 12．He made four (million) dollars last year. 13．Women now represent 50 (percentage)of the workforce. 14．When the explorers (one) set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. 15．Students will work in groups to complete (fourth) assignments (作业) during the course. 16．The books on food are on the (five) shelf. 17．The number of students now in this school is four times it was ten years ago. 18．Forslan’s object is to gather as great a (diverse)of genetic material as possible. 19．The boy picked up a(n) (hand) of stones and started throwing them at us. 20．To do this, I have searched through （dozen）of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During the 21 (twenty) century , the temperature of the earth 22 (rise) about one degree Fahrenheit. It is a rapid increase when compared 23 other natural changes . There is no doubt 24 the earth is becoming warmer. Scientists believe 25 is human activity that has caused this global warming. The increase in the earth's temperature is due to the 26 (burn) of fossil fuels. Some byproducts of this process 27 (call) “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of 28 is carbon dioxide. Without the “greenhouse effect”, the earth would be thirty-three degree Celsius 29 (cool) than it is. So, we need those gases. The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, causing the global temperature 30 (go) up. 【能力提升】 一、阅读理解 A Last year I averaged 9,370 steps a day. My smartphone counted. My daily aim? Ten thousand steps. Because goals. Yet the concept of taking 10,000 steps a day to maintain health is rooted not in science but in marketing. In the 1960s, a Japanese company invented an early pedometer (计步器). Because the Japanese character for “10,000” looks like a person walking, the company called its device the 10,000-step meter. “It was just sort of a catchy phrase,” says I-Min Lee, a scientist at Harvard Medical School. In 2019, Lee published a study investigating the actual effects of meeting the 10,000-step goal. The result? Some movement is good, and more is better, but the benefits decline at some point. Your personal peak depends on your age. People younger than 60 should indeed walk 8,000 to 10,000 steps a day to get the best benefits in terms of lifespan (寿命). People older than 60 show the most benefit between 6,000 and 8,000 steps. The difference is energy consumption. “We basically relate energy consumption to health outcomes,” Lee says. Walking for 60 minutes at 3.3 miles an hour and running for 30 minutes at 6 miles an hour use the same amount of energy. “The older you are, the less efficient you are with your steps,” Lee says. “Per step, older people use more energy.” Thus, they need fewer steps to achieve the same benefits. Newer studies are moving beyond death rates to ask questions about the way steps may help to control blood pressure and weight. The goal, after all, is not just to live longer but to live healthier. Ful results are not in yet, so Lee’s advice is: “Tailor your steps according to what you are trying to achieve and according to who you are.” 1．The concept of taking 10,000 steps daily arises from ______. A．the findings of scientific surveys B．the formation of a Japanese character C．a marketing trick D．a healthy habit 2．What does Lee’s research find? A．Walking step targets vary with age. B．Walking more makes one look younger. C．Old people benefit more from walking longer. D．Reaching 10,000 steps daily appeals to many. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The difference in energy consumption among age groups. B．The contrast between the benefits of walking and running. C．The reason for setting different step goals based on age. D．The link between energy consumption and health outcomes. 4．What will newer studies focus on? A．How steps change one’s lifestyle. B．How steps affect one’s lifespan. C．How steps reduce death rates. D．How steps boost healthy living. B Discovering a hobby can lead to amazing results, as Maria Martinez, an 11-year-old with a heart of gold, has proven. Just over a year ago, Maria came across the world of clothes-making, thanks to one of the Christmas gifts she received. Little did she know that this newfound ability would become a source of joy and purpose, not just for her, but also for countless furry friends. “I got a gift permit at Christmas to start clothes-making lessons,” Maria said. “I really liked it.” After mastering the basics, an idea came to her mind during a visit to a local exhibition. Surrounded by pet owners and their pets, Maria had an idea that would change lives. Why not create lovely bandannas (头巾) for dogs and cats and use them to support animal shelters? With great interest and the support of her grandmother, Maria turned a corner of their home into a busy working room. Together, they made many beautiful bandannas, each one filled with love and care. But Maria’s wish went far beyond creating decorations. She began donating her works to shelters like Claws Forever in Fall River, hoping to catch the eye of some people who can take these dogs and cats home. Maria also began selling them through word-of-mouth and at various events. “At first she started just donating the bandannas because it took her much time to make them. Then she got more skilled and was able to buy cloth with some extra income that she was making from it,” her mom, Crystal, said. “Maria is a really kind giving person and she doesn’t want for much of anything. It makes her feel good to donate. We are proud of her.”Ranging from $3 to $7, money from her sales is now donated to shelters, too. A few weeks ago, she donated more than $200 to the Kingston Animal Shelter. “They were happy and really grateful, which made me feel really good inside,” said Maria. “It makes me happy to see how it’s impacted the people and dogs.” 5．What makes it possible for Maria to start her charity? A．Her love for dogs. B．Her clothes-making skills. C．The joy of receiving gifts. D．Grandma’s suggestion. 6．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Christmas gifts. B．Pet owners. C．Dogs and cats. D．Lovely bandannas. 7．Why does Maria give decorations to shelters? A．To make herself known to more people. B．To protect dogs and cats from the cold. C．To attract more people to take in the animals. D．To help rescue homeless dogs in the streets. 8．What is Crystal's attitude to Maria's behavior? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Mixed. D．Worried. C When you picture doing a science project, you might imagine peering through a microscope or building a model volcano. But science projects can be done anywhere. Many teens get inspired from playing musical instruments to doing gymnastics. All it takes to transform your favorite activities into a science project is identifying a problem you want to solve. Elizabeth, 14, who is in the 7th grade at Davis Drive Middle School in Cary, N.C, designed a program. Her method is based on the golden ratio (比例). This ratio is often used to create pleasing parts in artworks. The ratio also appears in nature. Elizabeth’s data storage strategy helps computers write data evenly (均匀地) across memory devices. This could help such devices last longer. “As long as I can remember, I’ve been an artistic person,” Elizabeth says, “In the fourth grade, my art teacher taught us about the golden ratio. And at that point it was just, you know, something to use when we were painting.” But last year, Elizabeth had to replace the memory in her own computer, thinking the golden ratio might work in tech, too. Elizabeth tested her golden-ration technique by running programs on a computer. But before this project, Elizabeth had no coding experience. To prepare, she spent months reading a textbook on how to code. She says, “It wasn’t like an ‘ah-ha’ moment. Writing algorithms (程序) is such a boring process. But it was just cool to explore and see the computer actually just doing stuff that I told it to do after those hours.” “Don’t limit yourself,” Elizabeth adds, “One of the biggest challenges you face is changing your mindset. I never thought that science or computer science would be my kind of thing, but after learning a bit about programming, I found that it was actually a new way to express myself. Words, painting, now programming.” 9．What can we learn about science projects according to this passage? A．They need skills in building models. B．They may involve great imagination C．They can come from different hobbies. D．They will inspire teens to find solutions 10．What is Elizabeth’s programming used for? A．Creating fine works. B．Protecting nature. C．Strengthening memories. D．Storing information. 11．What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A．Well begun is half done. B．Every effort will pay off. C．Imagination is the source of creation. D．Laugh it off when facing difficulties. 12．What is Elizabeth doing with her words in the last paragraph? A．Offering advice. B．Giving response. C．Expressing doubts. D．Making promises. 二、完形填空 In the town of Norwich, England, that is a bookshop Stalled Book Bugs and Dragon Tales. It opened in 2019 just months before the COVID-19 pandemic 13 . The bookshop’s owners, Dan and Leanne Fridd, 14 to keep the shop open for two years before they decided they needed some 15 so they started crowdfunding (众筹). When they saw someone had donated £5,000, they were 16 . “And we checked the name, and I guessed: Russell Crowe? No, it can’t be Russell Crowe.” Leanne told CBS News. Now, they have 17 it is the real Russell Crowe — a famous actor. Dan and Leanne said the 18 from the actor helped spread the word about their shop. “People wanted to come in and the press were 19 and we were on Australian breakfast television.” Leanne said. They may never know why Crowe 20 their business, but perhaps it’s because the couple use their bookshop to help the 21 in many ways. They hold well-being 22 for adults and kids to teach them how to feel happy and healthy. They also 23 free books to kids in need. Last year, 30 kids got their books. When asked why they used the donation money so selflessly, they said the 24 is simple. “Someone saw the 25 in us and decided to put money into our business.” Leanne said. “Thanks to their kindness, we could go through the tough days. In turn, we get to 26 it back to society through the shop.” Next time when someone does something good for you, not only thank the person 27 , but also pass it on to someone else. 13．A．exposed B．presented C．struck D．disappeared 14．A．managed B．failed C．intended D．required 15．A．care B．service C．help D．honor 16．A．worried B．moved C．encouraged D．astonished 17．A．checked B．confirmed C．challenged D．suspected 18．A．donation B．request C．advice D．invitation 19．A．amazed B．interested C．unconcerned D．disappointed 20．A．respected B．found C．chose D．praised 21．A．agency B．organization C．community D．government 22．A．views B．lessons C．competitions D．festivals 23．A．took out B．gave away C．turned down D．asked for 24．A．concept B．decision C．project D．reason 25．A．strength B．energy C．potential D．promise 26．A．give B．make C．turn D．bring 27．A．frequently B．instantly C．gradually D．directly ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年高考英语一轮复习 专题2：数词 核心考点精讲精练（解析版） 【考点梳理】 考点一、基数词 表示数量的词叫基数词。1---12的基数词是独立单词;13---19的基数词都是以-teen结尾的，要注意thirteen，fifteen，eighteen的拼法稍有不同;20一90的十位数，以后缀-ty结尾，要注意twenty，thirty，fifty，eighty的特殊点。如下表： 1---12 13---19 20一90 百、千、百万、十亿 1→one 2→two 3→three 4→four 5.five 6→six 7→seven 8→eight 9→nine 10→ten 11→eleven 12→twelve 13→thirteen 14→fourteen 15→fifteen 16→sixteen 17→seventeen 18→eighteen 19→nineteen 20→twenty 30→thirty 40→forty 50→fifty 60→sixty 70→seventy 80→eighy 90→niney 100→a hundred 1,000→a thousand 1,000,000→a million 1,000,000,000→ a billion(美) a thousand million(英) 【考查点1】基数词的读法 1)三位数的读法:第一个数字+ hundred +and+后面的一位或两位数字。 如:107→one hundred and seven;765→seven hundred and sixty-five。 2)1，000以上的数的读法:先从后向前数，每三位数加一个逗号，第一个逗号前的数字用thousand(千)，第二个逗号前的数字用million(百万)，用 "几十thousand"表示 "几万"，以 "几百thousand"表示 "几十万"，用 "几十million"表示 "几千万"，用"几百million"表示 "几亿"。如:13，789，653→thirteen million seven hundred and eighty-nine thousand six hundred and fifty-three。 【考查点2】数词的复数形式 1)表示几十岁时。如“二十多岁”说twenties，表示的是20岁到29岁。依次类推，thirties表示“三十几岁”，forties表示“四十几岁”，但“十几岁”不可说tens，而要说teens，指13岁至19岁，“in one's+基数词复数”也是一个比较重要的知识点。形式如: He died in his thirties. She is in her teens. 2)表示几十年代时，如：“二十世纪八十年代”写成1980s或1980’s，均读作nineteen eighties，指的是1980至1989年这十年间，需注意的是，年代用文字表示时则不可用-'s形式。如: Great changes took place in the l970s. History has entered the eighties. 3)表示不确定数目时，这时要在million，thousand，hundred等词后加上-s并与of连用，表示大约多至“数以……计”，但millions of等前不能再加基数词，却可加some，several等表示不确定数目的修饰语，而million，thousand，hundred等词前面有数字时，就不能再加-s，也不能加of如: Millions of other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun. Some hundreds of new buildings have been put up here this year. There are two thousand students in my school. 4)当基数词用作可数名词或用于某些固定词组中时，也要用复数。如: How many sevens are there in forty-nine? 49里面有多少个7？ They arrived by twos and threes. 他们三三两两的来了。 Wait a minute.I’ll be finished in two twos. 请等一下，我马上就来 【考查点3】数词和名词单数一起作定语，中间用连字符连接。 a seven-year-old girl 一个七岁的女孩 a two-thousand-word article 一篇2千字的文章 【考查点4】当基数词和序数词同时修饰一个名词时，序数词一般放在基数词前；但如果序数词充当描绘性修饰时，则放在基数词后。 He is one of the first five students. 他是前五名的学生之一。 He won three first prizes. 他获得三次第一名。 即时检测： 1．A woman in her (sixty) told him her husband had died of cancer a week earlier. 【答案】sixties 【详解】考查数词表达法。句意：一位六十几岁的妇女告诉他，她丈夫一周前死于癌症。in one’s sixties意为“在某人六十多岁时”。故填sixties。 2． (million) of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. 【答案】Millions 【详解】考查数词。句意：数以百万计的水鸟被市场猎人和少数野心勃勃的运动员杀死。millions of数以百万计的。根据句意，故填Millions。 考点二：序数词 表示数目顺序的词叫序数词。序数词的构成规则,如下表： 范围 特点 实例 特殊情况 1--19 基数词词尾加th fourth, sixth, seventh 第1、 第二和第三的序数词分别是first，second和third; eight在变为eighth时少了一个字母t；nine在变为ninth时去掉了一个字母“e”; 以“ve”结尾的基数词变序数词时，须将“ve”改为“f”，然后再加“th”。five→fifth，twelve→twelfth 20,30, -- 90 各十位数字变y为i后加th twenty→twentieth， thirty→thirtieth sixty-nine→sixty-ninth 21-29 31—39 91-99 只须变个位的基数词为序数词 twenty→twenty-second forty-four→forty-fourth sixty-nine→sixty-ninth 【考查点】序数词前是需要加定冠词the的，但也有不用定冠词的情况 1)表示顺序的语气很弱，具有“又一”、“再一”的意思时，其前要用不定冠词，不用定冠词。如: l.He cast the net a second time. 2.A third bullet passed. 2)序数词前己有指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格或every时，不用定冠词。如: l.He made his first set in an old box. 2.Berlin in 1929 held a public celebration on Einstein’s fiftieth birthday. 3)在表示分数的序数词前不用定冠词。如: From then on Bashi toured three-fourths of Beijing. Two-thirds of the area is covered by trees. 4)数词与名词构成复合名词时，不用定冠词。如: There is a first-class hotel over there. He went to a second-hand bookshop. 5)序数词用作副词时，不用定冠词。如： Why did the captain first hesitate in letting the boy risk climbing the tree? First come，first served. 6)在一些由序数词构成的固定词组里不用定冠词。如: 1.at first 2.first of all 3.from first to last 即时检测： 3．You’d better go home to see your parents (two) a week. They need more care. 【答案】twice 【详解】考查固定用法。句意：你最好每周回家看你父母两次。他们需要更多的照顾。twice意为“两次，两倍”，twice a week“一周两次”。故填twice。 4．The Great Wall is known as (被认为) the (eight) wonder (奇迹) of the world. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】eighth 【详解】考查序数词。句意：长城被认为是世界上第八大奇迹。定冠词the修饰序数词，此处应用序数词表示顺序。故填eighth。 考点三、数词的功能 【考查点1】序号表示法 （1）单纯的序号，可在基数词前加number,简写为No.。如：No.1第一号 （2）事物名词的序号表达法有什所不同： ①对于一些小序号可有序数词也可用基数词表达. 形式分别为：the +序数词 + 名词；名词 + 基数词。 如：第一次世界大战可以表示为the First World War或World War One。 ②对于一些大序号我们通常只用一种表达法，即名词 + 数词。 如：501号房间表示为Room 501, 538路公共汽车表示为Bus 538。 ③可用a / the + number + 基数词 + 名词。 如：a No.5 bus一辆五路公共汽车，the No.8 bus那辆8路公共汽车。 【考查点2】倍数的表达方式 一般情况下我们用以下四种倍数表达方式： （1）倍数用在as + 形容词 / 副词（原级）+ as结构之前。如： They have three times as many cows as we do. （2）倍数放在形容词或副词的比较级之前或by + 倍数用在比较级之后。如： This rope is four times longer than that one. They produced more products in 2001 than those in 2000 by twice. （3）倍数用在表示度量名词前，其基本结构为：倍数 + the + size / length / weight … + of + 表示比较对象的名词，也可用于倍数 + what引导的从句中。如： This room is three times the size of that one. The college is twice what it was 5 years age. You can’t imagine that rats eat 40 to 50 times their weight. （4） 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ than…。例如： The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。 【考查点3】大约数的表示方法 （1）用ten、dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million等数词的复数后加of短语来表示几十、几百、上千、成千上万等大约数概念。如： The little boy buys dozens of pencils every term. Thousands of people died in the earthquake. Every year tens of thousands of people go to work in Guangdong Province. （2）用、less than、under、below、almost、nearly、up to 等来表示小于或接近某数目。如： He is good at English, so he can finish the paper in less than two hours. （3）用more than、over、above、beyond、or more等来表示超过或多于某个数目。如： Peking University has a history of more than 100 years. （4）用or、or so、about、around、some、more or less等表示在某一数目左右。如： About 50 people were present at that time. （5）用to、from … to…、between … and表示介于两数词。如： His salary rises from 20 dollars a week to 35 dollars a week. （6）注意事项：dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million作数词表示确切数量时，不用复数。如：three score, five dozen, seven million等。 【考查点4】分数的表达方式 （1）分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母用复数。如：one-third三分之一，three-sevenths七分之三。 （2）分子与分母之间加in, 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如：one in ten 十分之一，five in eight八分之五。 （3）分子与分母之间加out of , 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如：one out of ten十分之一，five out of eight八分之五。 【考查点5】百分数的表示法 （1）表示百分数直接将数词放在单词percent前面即可，如：twenty percent百分之二十。 （2）分数和百分数后面不能直接接名词或代词，而用以下形式：分数/百分数 ＋of + 冠词 / 限定词 + 名词/ 代词 ，其谓语动词与of后的名词在人称和数上保持一致，如： Two-thirds of the money was spent on food. About seventy percent of the earth surface is covered by water. 6.【考查点】小数的表示法 小数的表示法，小数点前的总值发同其他数词一样，小数点用point,小数点后面的数读成个位数，如：9.65表示为nine point six five。218.39表示为two hundred and eighteen point three nine。 即时检测： 5．The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations says about one (three) of the food produced worldwide each year is wasted or lost. 【答案】third 【详解】考查数词。句意：联合国粮食及农业组织表示，全世界每年生产的食物中约有三分之一被浪费或损失。根据语境 “三分之一的食物被浪费或流失”可知，此处指三分之一，分数表达法①分子用基数词，分母用序数词；当分子大于1的时候，分母使用复数形式。结合空前的one可知，该空填序数词third。故填third。 6．Two (five) of the students in our class are going to summer camp in Beijing next week. 【答案】fifths 【详解】考查分数的表达和主谓一致。句意：我们班五分之二的学生下周要去北京参加夏令营。分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式。因此，五分之二是two fifths。故填fifths。 7．One ten known species in the world can be found here. 【答案】in 【详解】考查分数表达。句意：世界上十分之一的已知物种可以在这里找到。表示“十分之一”应用one in ten。故填in。 【达标训练】 一、单句语法填空 1．This year, Remila spent her (five) Spring Festival aboard the carrier. 【答案】fifth 【详解】考查序数词。句意：今年，蕾米拉在航母上度过了第五个春节。此处表示“第五个”应用序数词fifth，故填fifth。 2．I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times much. 【答案】as 【详解】考查倍数表达。句意：与那件夹克相比，我更喜欢这件，但它的价格几乎是那件的三倍。此处为“倍数+as+much+as+比较对象”结构，该句中省略了as that one。故填as。 3．There are approximately 12 (million) migrants with their dependants living in the EU countries. 【答案】million 【详解】考查数词的用法。句意：大约有1200万移民及其家属生活在欧盟国家。million意为“百万”，与具体数字连用时，用单数形式，且其后不加of，12 million表示“1200万”。故填million。 4．There are twelve floors in this building and Mr. Wu’s office is on the (four) floor. 【答案】fourth 【详解】考查数词。句意：这栋楼有十二层，吴先生的办公室在四楼。所设空表达的是顺序和位置，指第四层楼，应用序数词，故填fourth。 5．Only a (minor) of British households do not have a car. 【答案】minority 【详解】考查名词。句意：只有少数英国家庭没有汽车。分析句子可知，冠词a后面应填名词，minority表“少数”，为可数名词，符合句意，而a minority of“少数的”，为固定搭配。故填minority。 6．The square now is three times it used to be. 【答案】what 【详解】考查倍数表达。句意：这个广场现在是过去的三倍大。此处为倍数表达：...times+what从句，故填what。 7．Much to his surprise, he invited only ten friends to his party, but (two) as many came. 【答案】twice 【详解】考查倍数表达法。句意：令他吃惊的是，他只邀请了十个朋友参加他的聚会，但来的朋友却多了一倍。根据“only ten friends”和“as many”可推知，此处用“倍数＋as＋adj./adv.的原级＋as＋B”的倍数表达法表示“（十个朋友的）两倍”，空处应用twice，意为“两倍”。故填twice。 8．The majority of the inhabitants left for the mainland in the early (1990). 【答案】1990s/1990’s 【详解】考查数词。句意：在二十世纪九十年代早期，大多数居民前往大陆。in the early 1990s/1990’s表示“在20世纪90年代”。故填1990s/1990’s。 9．Dozens people have been injured and many vehicles set on fire. 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：数十人受伤，许多车辆被点燃。dozens of“几十，很多”，固定短语，故填of。 10．We have seen (dozen) of tall buildings spring up almost overnight, with roads and highways reaching every corner. 【答案】dozens 【详解】考查数词。句意：我们看到几十座高楼几乎在一夜之间拔地而起，道路和高速公路遍布每一个角落。dozen与of搭配，且前面没有具体的数字时，应该用dozens，dozens of意为“数十个”，故填dozens。 11．The equipment could be used for a (vary) of educational purposes. 【答案】variety 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这种设备可用于各种教育目的。a variety of“各种各样的”，固定短语，故填variety。 12．He made four (million) dollars last year. 【答案】million 【详解】考查数词。句意：他去年赚了四百万美元。million前有具体数字时，要用单数形式。故填million。 13．Women now represent 50 (percentage)of the workforce. 【答案】percent 【详解】考查名词。句意：现在妇女代表了50%的劳动力。数字+percent of+名词/代词为固定搭配，意为“百分之……”，空格处作定语，用名词形式，结合句意“百分比”应填percent。故填percent。 14．When the explorers (one) set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. 【答案】first 【详解】考查数词。句意：当探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆时，天空和陆地上充满了各种各样的野生动物。分析句子，设空处表示“第一次”应用序数词。one的序数词为first。故填first。 15．Students will work in groups to complete (fourth) assignments (作业) during the course. 【答案】four 【详解】考查数词。句意：在课程中，学生将分组完成四项作业。此处表示“四项作业”应该使用的是基数词。fourth为序数词，意为“第四”，基数词为four。故填four。 16．The books on food are on the (five) shelf. 【答案】fifth 【详解】考查序数词。句意：关于食物的书在第五层架子上。书是放在第五个架子上，空格处意为“第五”，用序数词fifth，故填fifth。 17．The number of students now in this school is four times it was ten years ago. 【答案】what 【详解】考查倍数表达法。句意：这所学校现在的学生人数是十年前的四倍。…times what从句，表示“A是B的……倍”，此处表示“现在的学生人数是十年前的四倍”，故用what。故填what。 18．Forslan’s object is to gather as great a (diverse)of genetic material as possible. 【答案】diversity 【详解】考查名词。句意：福斯兰的目标是尽可能收集各种不同的基因物质。a diversity of是固定搭配，意为“多种多样的”。故填diversity。 19．The boy picked up a(n) (hand) of stones and started throwing them at us. 【答案】handful 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：那男孩捡起一把石头，朝我们扔过来。a handful of是固定搭配，意为“一把；少数”，故填handful。 20．To do this, I have searched through （dozen）of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play. 【答案】dozens 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：为了做这个，我搜索了几十个剧本，以找到我认为最能体现短剧的力量和目的的剧本。dozens of意为“几十个，很多”。故答案为dozens。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During the 21 (twenty) century , the temperature of the earth 22 (rise) about one degree Fahrenheit. It is a rapid increase when compared 23 other natural changes . There is no doubt 24 the earth is becoming warmer. Scientists believe 25 is human activity that has caused this global warming. The increase in the earth's temperature is due to the 26 (burn) of fossil fuels. Some byproducts of this process 27 (call) “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of 28 is carbon dioxide. Without the “greenhouse effect”, the earth would be thirty-three degree Celsius 29 (cool) than it is. So, we need those gases. The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, causing the global temperature 30 (go) up. 【答案】21．twentieth 22．rose 23．to/with 24．that 25．it 26．burning 27．are called 28．which 29．cooler 30．to go 【分析】这是一篇说明文。20世纪，地球的温度上升了1华氏度。科学家们认为是人类活动导致了地球变暖，因为矿物的燃烧导致过多的二氧化碳排放到了大气层中。 21．考查序数词。句意：在20世纪，地球的温度上升了1华氏度。“在20世纪”是按时间顺序记时的，应用序数词。故填twentieth。 22．考查时态。句意同上。“在20世纪”提示了我们这句话时态使用一般过去时。故填rose。 23．考查介词。句意：与其它自然变化相比，这是一个很快的升高。“be compared to/with”是固定表达,意为“”与……相比，这里是when (it is）compared to/with的省略形式。故填to/with。 24．考查同位语从句。句意：毫无疑问地球正在变得更暖和。There is no doubt that… “毫无疑问”是固定句型。故填that。 25．考查强调句。句意：科学家们认为是人类活动导致了全球变暖。强调句句式结构为“it is …that/who…”，本句去掉is和that后句子不缺成份，所以说是宾语从句中嵌套了强调句。故填it。 26．考查动名词。句意：地球温度的升高是由于化石燃料的燃烧。空格前有定冠词，空格后是介词，所以空格处填名词形式。所给出的单词为动词，所以填动名词形式。故填burning。 27．考查被动语态。句意：一些副产品被叫做温室气体，其中最重的一种是二氧化碳。分析句子成分可知，句子缺少谓语动词，且根据句意，应使用被动语态。全文使用的时态为一般现在时，且主语Some byproducts为复数形式，故填are called。 28．考查定语从句。句意同上。根据句意可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词为gases，从句缺少主语用于of后，故填which。 29．考查形容词比较级。句意：没有温室效应，地球将比现在凉快33摄氏度。由空格后的than可知此处用比较级。故填cooler。 30．考查不定式。句意：当我们把大量的二氧化碳排入空气的时候，问题就出现了，导致地球温度上升。cause… to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“导致……做某事”，故填to go。 【能力提升】 一、阅读理解 A Last year I averaged 9,370 steps a day. My smartphone counted. My daily aim? Ten thousand steps. Because goals. Yet the concept of taking 10,000 steps a day to maintain health is rooted not in science but in marketing. In the 1960s, a Japanese company invented an early pedometer (计步器). Because the Japanese character for “10,000” looks like a person walking, the company called its device the 10,000-step meter. “It was just sort of a catchy phrase,” says I-Min Lee, a scientist at Harvard Medical School. In 2019, Lee published a study investigating the actual effects of meeting the 10,000-step goal. The result? Some movement is good, and more is better, but the benefits decline at some point. Your personal peak depends on your age. People younger than 60 should indeed walk 8,000 to 10,000 steps a day to get the best benefits in terms of lifespan (寿命). People older than 60 show the most benefit between 6,000 and 8,000 steps. The difference is energy consumption. “We basically relate energy consumption to health outcomes,” Lee says. Walking for 60 minutes at 3.3 miles an hour and running for 30 minutes at 6 miles an hour use the same amount of energy. “The older you are, the less efficient you are with your steps,” Lee says. “Per step, older people use more energy.” Thus, they need fewer steps to achieve the same benefits. Newer studies are moving beyond death rates to ask questions about the way steps may help to control blood pressure and weight. The goal, after all, is not just to live longer but to live healthier. Ful results are not in yet, so Lee’s advice is: “Tailor your steps according to what you are trying to achieve and according to who you are.” 1．The concept of taking 10,000 steps daily arises from ______. A．the findings of scientific surveys B．the formation of a Japanese character C．a marketing trick D．a healthy habit 2．What does Lee’s research find? A．Walking step targets vary with age. B．Walking more makes one look younger. C．Old people benefit more from walking longer. D．Reaching 10,000 steps daily appeals to many. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The difference in energy consumption among age groups. B．The contrast between the benefits of walking and running. C．The reason for setting different step goals based on age. D．The link between energy consumption and health outcomes. 4．What will newer studies focus on? A．How steps change one’s lifestyle. B．How steps affect one’s lifespan. C．How steps reduce death rates. D．How steps boost healthy living. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了每天走10000步以保持健康的概念并非源于科学，而是源于营销。哈佛医学院的科学家I-Min Lee的研究发现，不同年龄段的最佳步行步数不同，步行对健康的益处与能量消耗有关。新的研究开始探讨步行如何帮助控制血压和体重。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yet the concept of taking 10,000 steps a day to maintain health is rooted not in science but in marketing.”（然而，每天走10000步来保持健康的概念并非源于科学，而是源于营销。）可知，每天走10000步的概念实际上是一个营销策略。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“People younger than 60 should indeed walk 8,000 to 10,000 steps a day to get the best benefits in terms of lifespan (寿命). People older than 60 show the most benefit between 6,000 and 8,000 steps.”（60岁以下的人确实应该每天走8000到10000步，以获得寿命方面的最佳效益。60岁以上的人走6000到8000步之间效益最大。）可知，Lee的研究发现，不同年龄段的步行目标步数不同。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The difference is energy consumption. “We basically relate energy consumption to health outcomes,” Lee says. Walking for 60 minutes at 3.3 miles an hour and running for 30 minutes at 6 miles an hour use the same amount of energy. “The older you are, the less efficient you are with your steps,” Lee says. “Per step, older people use more energy.” Thus, they need fewer steps to achieve the same benefits.”（差别在于能源消耗。“我们基本上把能源消耗与健康结果联系起来，”李说。以每小时3.3英里的速度步行60分钟和以每小时6英里的速度跑步30分钟消耗的能量相同。“你年纪越大，你走路的效率就越低，”李说。“每走一步，老年人消耗更多的能量。”因此，他们需要更少的步数来实现相同的好处。）可知，文中解释了为什么不同年龄段的步行目标步数不同，原因是能量消耗的差异。随着年龄的增长，人们步行时的能量效率降低，因此老年人需要更少的步数就能达到相同的健康效益。所以，第四段主要解释了基于年龄设定不同步行目标的原因。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Newer studies are moving beyond death rates to ask questions about the way steps may help to control blood pressure and weight.”（新的研究不再局限于死亡率，而是开始探讨步数如何有助于控制血压和体重。）可知，最新的研究将关注步数如何促进健康生活，包括控制血压和体重。故选D。 B Discovering a hobby can lead to amazing results, as Maria Martinez, an 11-year-old with a heart of gold, has proven. Just over a year ago, Maria came across the world of clothes-making, thanks to one of the Christmas gifts she received. Little did she know that this newfound ability would become a source of joy and purpose, not just for her, but also for countless furry friends. “I got a gift permit at Christmas to start clothes-making lessons,” Maria said. “I really liked it.” After mastering the basics, an idea came to her mind during a visit to a local exhibition. Surrounded by pet owners and their pets, Maria had an idea that would change lives. Why not create lovely bandannas (头巾) for dogs and cats and use them to support animal shelters? With great interest and the support of her grandmother, Maria turned a corner of their home into a busy working room. Together, they made many beautiful bandannas, each one filled with love and care. But Maria’s wish went far beyond creating decorations. She began donating her works to shelters like Claws Forever in Fall River, hoping to catch the eye of some people who can take these dogs and cats home. Maria also began selling them through word-of-mouth and at various events. “At first she started just donating the bandannas because it took her much time to make them. Then she got more skilled and was able to buy cloth with some extra income that she was making from it,” her mom, Crystal, said. “Maria is a really kind giving person and she doesn’t want for much of anything. It makes her feel good to donate. We are proud of her.”Ranging from $3 to $7, money from her sales is now donated to shelters, too. A few weeks ago, she donated more than $200 to the Kingston Animal Shelter. “They were happy and really grateful, which made me feel really good inside,” said Maria. “It makes me happy to see how it’s impacted the people and dogs.” 5．What makes it possible for Maria to start her charity? A．Her love for dogs. B．Her clothes-making skills. C．The joy of receiving gifts. D．Grandma’s suggestion. 6．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Christmas gifts. B．Pet owners. C．Dogs and cats. D．Lovely bandannas. 7．Why does Maria give decorations to shelters? A．To make herself known to more people. B．To protect dogs and cats from the cold. C．To attract more people to take in the animals. D．To help rescue homeless dogs in the streets. 8．What is Crystal's attitude to Maria's behavior? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Mixed. D．Worried. 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．C 8．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了主人公玛丽亚出于对狗和猫动物的爱使她开始她的慈善事业的故事。 5．推理判断题。根据第四段“After mastering the basics, an idea came to her mind during a visit to a local exhibition.Surrounded by pet owners and their pets, Maria had an idea that would change lives. Why not create lovely bandannas (头巾) for dogs and cats and use them to support animal shelters?”（掌握了基本知识后，在参观当地的一个展览时，她想到了一个主意。在宠物主人和他们的宠物的包围下，玛丽亚有了一个可以改变生活的想法。为什么不为狗和猫制作可爱的大手帕，并用它们来支持动物收容所呢？）以及最后一段中““It makes me happy to see how it’s impacted the people and dogs.””（“看到它对人们和狗的影响，我很高兴。”）可推知，玛丽亚对狗的爱使她开始她的慈善事业。故选A项。 6．词义猜测题。根据划线单词句中“Why not create lovely bandannas for dogs and cats…”（为什么不为狗和猫制作可爱的大手帕……）由此可知，此处划线单词them指的是上文提到的“可爱的大手帕”。故选D项。 7．细节理解题。根据第六段“But Maria’s wish went far beyond creating decorations. She began donating her works to shelters like Claws Forever in Fall River, hoping to catch the eye of some people who can take these dogs and cats home.”（但玛丽亚的愿望远不止制作装饰品。她开始将自己的作品捐赠给福尔河的“Claws Forever in Fall River”等收容所，希望能吸引一些人的注意，让他们把这些猫狗带回家。）可知，玛丽亚装饰收容所是为了吸引更多的人来收养动物。故选C项。 8．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Then she got more skilled and was able to buy cloth with some extra income that she was making from it,” her mom, Crystal, said. “Maria is a really kind giving person and she doesn’t want for much of anything. It makes her feel good to donate. We are proud of her.” Ranging from $3 to $7, money from her sales is now donated to shelters, too. A few weeks ago, she donated more than $200 to the Kingston Animal Shelter.”（后来她变得更熟练了，可以用一些额外的收入来买布料，”她的母亲克里斯托说。“玛丽亚是一个非常善良的人，她不想要太多的东西。捐款让她感觉很好。我们为她感到骄傲。”从3美元到7美元不等，她的销售所得现在也捐给了收容所。几周前，她向金斯顿动物收容所捐赠了200多美元。）可推知，克里斯托对玛丽亚的行为持支持的态度。故选A项。 C When you picture doing a science project, you might imagine peering through a microscope or building a model volcano. But science projects can be done anywhere. Many teens get inspired from playing musical instruments to doing gymnastics. All it takes to transform your favorite activities into a science project is identifying a problem you want to solve. Elizabeth, 14, who is in the 7th grade at Davis Drive Middle School in Cary, N.C, designed a program. Her method is based on the golden ratio (比例). This ratio is often used to create pleasing parts in artworks. The ratio also appears in nature. Elizabeth’s data storage strategy helps computers write data evenly (均匀地) across memory devices. This could help such devices last longer. “As long as I can remember, I’ve been an artistic person,” Elizabeth says, “In the fourth grade, my art teacher taught us about the golden ratio. And at that point it was just, you know, something to use when we were painting.” But last year, Elizabeth had to replace the memory in her own computer, thinking the golden ratio might work in tech, too. Elizabeth tested her golden-ration technique by running programs on a computer. But before this project, Elizabeth had no coding experience. To prepare, she spent months reading a textbook on how to code. She says, “It wasn’t like an ‘ah-ha’ moment. Writing algorithms (程序) is such a boring process. But it was just cool to explore and see the computer actually just doing stuff that I told it to do after those hours.” “Don’t limit yourself,” Elizabeth adds, “One of the biggest challenges you face is changing your mindset. I never thought that science or computer science would be my kind of thing, but after learning a bit about programming, I found that it was actually a new way to express myself. Words, painting, now programming.” 9．What can we learn about science projects according to this passage? A．They need skills in building models. B．They may involve great imagination C．They can come from different hobbies. D．They will inspire teens to find solutions 10．What is Elizabeth’s programming used for? A．Creating fine works. B．Protecting nature. C．Strengthening memories. D．Storing information. 11．What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A．Well begun is half done. B．Every effort will pay off. C．Imagination is the source of creation. D．Laugh it off when facing difficulties. 12．What is Elizabeth doing with her words in the last paragraph? A．Offering advice. B．Giving response. C．Expressing doubts. D．Making promises. 【答案】9．C 10．D 11．B 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了Elizabeth，一个14岁的初中生，如何受到艺术中黄金分割比例的启发，进而将其应用于计算机科学中，设计了一个数据存储策略的故事，展示了她的创新思维和解决问题的过程。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But science projects can be done anywhere. Many teens get inspired from playing musical instruments to doing gymnastics. All it takes to transform your favorite activities into a science project is identifying a problem you want to solve.(但是科学项目可以在任何地方进行。许多青少年从演奏乐器到做体操中获得灵感。把你最喜欢的活动变成一个科学项目所需要做的就是找出一个你想要解决的问题。)”可知，科学项目可以来自不同的爱好，只需要找到你想解决的问题，就可以将你喜欢的活动转化为科学项目。因此，科学项目可以来自不同的爱好。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Her method is based on the golden ratio (比例). This ratio is often used to create pleasing parts in artworks. The ratio also appears in nature. Elizabeth’s data storage strategy helps computers write data evenly (均匀地) across memory devices. This could help such devices last longer.(她的方法是基于黄金比例。这个比例经常被用来创造艺术作品中令人愉悦的部分。这个比例也出现在自然界中。Elizabeth的数据存储策略帮助计算机在内存设备上均匀地写入数据。这可以帮助这些设备使用更长时间。)”可知，Elizabeth的数据存储策略帮助计算机将数据均匀地写入存储设备中，这有助于延长设备的寿命。这表明她的编程是用于存储信息的。故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“But before this project, Elizabeth had no coding experience. To prepare, she spent months reading a textbook on how to code. She says, “It wasn’t like an ‘ah-ha’ moment. Writing algorithms (程序) is such a boring process. But it was just cool to explore and see the computer actually just doing stuff that I told it to do after those hours.”(但在这个项目之前，Elizabeth没有编码经验。为了准备，她花了几个月的时间阅读了一本关于如何编程的教科书。她说：“那不是一个‘啊哈’的时刻。编写程序就是这样一个无聊的过程。但在那几个小时后，看到电脑实际上只是在做我让它做的事情，这真是太酷了。”)”可知，本段描述了Elizabeth在开始这个项目之前没有编程经验，但她为了准备这个项目，花费了几个月的时间阅读关于如何编程的教科书。这表明她为了达成目标，付出了相当的努力和时间。故选B。 12．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Don’t limit yourself,” Elizabeth adds, “One of the biggest challenges you face is changing your mindset. I never thought that science or computer science would be my kind of thing, but after learning a bit about programming, I found that it was actually a new way to express myself. Words, painting, now programming.”(“不要限制自己，” Elizabeth补充道，“你面临的最大挑战之一就是改变你的心态。我从来没有想过科学或计算机科学会是我喜欢的东西，但在学习了一些编程知识之后，我发现这实际上是一种表达自己的新方式。文字，绘画，现在是编程。”)”可知，Elizabeth在说话中明确提到了“Don’t limit yourself”和“changing your mindset”，这些都是鼓励性和建议性的表达。她通过自己的经历来告诉读者不要限制自己，要改变心态去探索新的领域。因此，Elizabeth在最后一段中的话主要是在给出建议和鼓励，告诉读者不要限制自己，要勇于尝试新的领域。故选A。 二、完形填空 In the town of Norwich, England, that is a bookshop Stalled Book Bugs and Dragon Tales. It opened in 2019 just months before the COVID-19 pandemic 13 . The bookshop’s owners, Dan and Leanne Fridd, 14 to keep the shop open for two years before they decided they needed some 15 so they started crowdfunding (众筹). When they saw someone had donated £5,000, they were 16 . “And we checked the name, and I guessed: Russell Crowe? No, it can’t be Russell Crowe.” Leanne told CBS News. Now, they have 17 it is the real Russell Crowe — a famous actor. Dan and Leanne said the 18 from the actor helped spread the word about their shop. “People wanted to come in and the press were 19 and we were on Australian breakfast television.” Leanne said. They may never know why Crowe 20 their business, but perhaps it’s because the couple use their bookshop to help the 21 in many ways. They hold well-being 22 for adults and kids to teach them how to feel happy and healthy. They also 23 free books to kids in need. Last year, 30 kids got their books. When asked why they used the donation money so selflessly, they said the 24 is simple. “Someone saw the 25 in us and decided to put money into our business.” Leanne said. “Thanks to their kindness, we could go through the tough days. In turn, we get to 26 it back to society through the shop.” Next time when someone does something good for you, not only thank the person 27 , but also pass it on to someone else. 13．A．exposed B．presented C．struck D．disappeared 14．A．managed B．failed C．intended D．required 15．A．care B．service C．help D．honor 16．A．worried B．moved C．encouraged D．astonished 17．A．checked B．confirmed C．challenged D．suspected 18．A．donation B．request C．advice D．invitation 19．A．amazed B．interested C．unconcerned D．disappointed 20．A．respected B．found C．chose D．praised 21．A．agency B．organization C．community D．government 22．A．views B．lessons C．competitions D．festivals 23．A．took out B．gave away C．turned down D．asked for 24．A．concept B．decision C．project D．reason 25．A．strength B．energy C．potential D．promise 26．A．give B．make C．turn D．bring 27．A．frequently B．instantly C．gradually D．directly 【答案】13．C 14．A 15．C 16．D 17．B 18．A 19．B 20．C 21．C 22．B 23．B 24．D 25．C 26．A 27．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国诺里奇镇一家书店在疫情期间面临困境，通过众筹获得著名演员罗素·克劳的慷慨捐赠，从而度过难关并回馈社会的故事。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这家书店于2019年，在COVID-19大流行爆发前几个月开业。A. exposed暴露；B. presented呈现；C. struck(疾病、灾难等)侵袭，爆发；D. disappeared消失。根据上文“the COVID-19 pandemic”可知新冠疫情爆发。故选C项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：书店的主人Dan和Leanne Fridd在决定他们需要一些帮助之前，设法经营了这家书店两年，于是他们开始众筹。A. managed设法做到；B. failed失败；C. intended打算；D. required要求。根据上文可知书店开业后没多久爆发了新冠疫情，结合下文“to keep the shop open for two years”可推知，书店主人设法在疫情中强撑了两年。故选A项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. care关心；B. service服务；C. help帮助；D. honor荣誉。根据下文“so they started crowdfunding (众筹).”可知，他们需要帮助。故选C项。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他们看到有人捐赠了5000英镑时，他们很震惊。A. worried担心的；B. moved感动的；C. encouraged受到鼓舞的；D. astonished十分震惊的。结合常识和上文“someone had donated £5,000”可知，收到大额捐款，他们感到震惊。故选D项。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，他们已经确认是真正的Russell Crowe——一位著名的演员。A. checked检查；B. confirmed确认；C. challenged挑战；D. suspected怀疑。根据上文“And we checked the name, and I guessed: Russell Crowe? No, it can’t be Russell Crowe.”和下文“it is the real Russell Crowe — a famous actor.”可知，他们最初不相信是著名演员罗素·克劳，但后来确认确是其人。故选B项。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Dan和Leanne说这位演员的捐赠帮助宣传了他们的书店。A. donation捐赠；B. request请求；C. advice建议；D. invitation邀请。上文讲述了著名演员罗素·克劳给他们捐赠了5000英镑，结合下文“from the actor”可知，是这位演员的捐赠帮助了他们。故选A项。 19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“人们想来，媒体也很感兴趣，我们还上了澳大利亚的早餐电视节目。”Leanne说。A. amazed惊讶的；B. interested感兴趣的；C. unconcerned不关心的；D. disappointed失望的。根据下文“we were on Australian breakfast television.”可知，媒体对书店的故事很感兴趣，对其进行了报道。故选B项。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们可能永远不知道为什么Crowe选择了他们的书店，但也许这是因为这对夫妇用他们的书店在许多方面帮助了社区。A. respected尊敬；B. found发现；C. chose选择；D. praised赞扬。根据上文可知，著名演员罗素·克劳给他们的书店捐赠了5000英镑，所以是“选择”了他们的书店进行捐赠。故选C项。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. agency机构；B. organization组织；C. community社区；D. government政府。根据下文“They hold well-being 10 for adults and kids to teach them how to feel happy and healthy. They also 11 free books to kids in need. Last year, 30 kids got their books.”可知，夫妇俩为社区提供帮助。故选C项。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们为成人和孩子举办健康课程，教他们如何感到快乐和健康。A. views观点；B. lessons课程；C. competitions比赛；D. festivals节日。根据下文“teach them how to feel happy and healthy”可知，他们给成人和孩子开设健康课程。故选B项。 23．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他们还向需要帮助的孩子赠送免费书籍。去年，30个孩子得到了他们的书。A. took out取出；B. gave away赠送；C. turned down拒绝；D. asked for要求。根据下文“free books to kids”可知，他们赠送免费书籍。故选B项。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当被问及为什么他们如此无私地使用捐赠资金时，他们说原因很简单。A. concept概念；B. decision决定；C. project项目；D. reason原因。根据上文“When asked why”可知，他们在解释这样做的原因。故选D项。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“有人看到了我们的潜力，决定把钱投到我们的生意里。”Leanne说。A. strength力量；B. energy能量；C. potential潜力；D. promise承诺。根据下文“put money into our business”可推知，正是因为看了他们的潜力才会给他们的书店捐钱。故选C项。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“多亏他们的善良，我们才能度过难关。反过来，我们通过书店把它回馈给社会。”A. give给；B. make制作；C. turn转变；D. bring带来。根据下文“back to society”可知，他们要把自己收到的回馈给社会；give back“回报；回馈”。故选A项。 27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：下次当有人为你做了好事时，不仅要直接感谢这个人，还要把它传递给其他人。A. frequently频繁地；B. instantly立刻地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. directly直接地。根据下文“but also pass it on to someone else”可知，受人恩惠，不仅要直接感谢恩人，还要把它传递给其他人。故选D项。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$