专题03 必修第三册 单元词汇短语句型梳理（期末复习知识清单）高一英语下学期人教版

专题03 必修第三册 单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit1 Festivals And Celebration 一、核心单词 1. congratulation n. 2. congratulate vt. 3. ceremony n. 4. range n. vi. 5. origin n. 6. religion n. 7. figure n. vt. 8. charm n. 9. joyful adj. 10. gratitude n. 11. harvest n. vi. & vt. 12. gather vi. vt. 13. grateful adj. 14. feature vt. n. 15. decorate vt. 16. significant adj. 17. fade vi. & vt. 18. typical adj. 19. commercial adj. 20. reflect vi. 21. belief n. 22. faith n. 23. occasion n. 24. frank adj. 25. autonomous adj. 26. region n. 27. represent vt. 28. absolutely adv. 29. respect n. & vt. 二、单词拓展 1. n. 高兴；喜悦 → adj. 高兴的；快乐的 → adv. 高兴地；快乐地 2. n. 宗教；宗教信仰 → adj. 宗教的；笃信宗教的 → adv. 虔诚地；认真地 3. vt. 装饰；装潢 → n. 装饰；装潢；装饰品 → adj. 装饰性的；装潢的 4. n. 重要性；意义 → adj. 有重大意义的；显著的 → adv. 显著地；重要地 5. vi. & vt. 逐渐消失；（使）褪色 → adj. 已褪色的；凋谢的 → adj. 逐渐消失的；褪色的 6. n. 商业；贸易 → adj. 商业（化）的；以获利为目的的 → vt. 使商业化；利用……牟利 → n. 商业化 7. vi. 显示；反映；反射 → n. 反射；反映；思考 → adj. 反射的；深思的 8. vt. & vi. 相信；认为 → n. 信仰；信心；信任 → adj. 可信的 9. n. 宗教信仰；信任；相信 → adj. 忠实的；忠诚的 → adv. 忠实地；真诚地 10. n. 气氛；氛围；大气 → adj. 大气的；有气氛的 11. adj. 感激的；表示感谢的 → n. 感激之情；感谢 → adv. 感激地；感谢地 12. n. 农业；农艺 → adj. 农业（劳动/生产）的 → adv. 农业上；从农业角度 13. vi. 聚集；集合 vt. 聚集；搜集；收割 → n. 集会；聚会；聚集 14. n. 起源；起因；出身 → adj. 原始的；最初的；独创的 → adv. 最初；起初；原来 15. vt. 以……为特色 n. 特色；特征；特点 → adj. 被作为特色的；特写的 16. vt. 象征；代表；相当于 → n. 代表；表现；象征 → adj. 典型的；有代表性的 n. 代表；代理人 17. adj. 坦率的；直率的 → adv. 坦率地；直率地；坦白说 → n. 坦率；直率 18. adv. 绝对地；完全地 → adj. 绝对的；完全的；纯粹的 19. adj. 简洁的；简单的；短暂的 → adv. 短暂地；简短地；简要地 → n. 简洁；简短 20. adj. 令人震惊的；恐怖的；极坏的 → n. 恐怖；恐惧；可怕的事物 → adv. 可怕地；恐怖地；非常 21. n. 宗教；宗教信仰 → adj. 宗教的；笃信宗教的 → adv. 虔诚地；认真地 22. n. & vt. 尊敬；尊重 → adj. 恭敬的；有礼貌的 → adj. 体面的；值得尊敬的 → adv. 分别地；各自地 23. adj. 高兴的；满意的 → vt. 使高兴；使满意 → n. 愉快；快乐；乐事 → adj. 令人愉快的；舒适的 24. n. 地区；区域；地带 → adj. 地区的；区域的 → adv. 地区性地；局部地 25. n. 特别的事情；机会 → adj. 偶尔的；偶然的 → adv. 偶尔；有时候 26. n. 媒介；手段；方法 adj. 中等的；中号的 → (pl. media) 大众传播媒介 27. adj. 典型的；有代表性的；平常的 → adv. 典型地；通常；一向 → n. 典型性；特征 三、常考单词 1.congratulate vt. 向（某人）道贺；（因某事）为自己感到自豪 背重点 背写作佳句 1) congratulate sb. on sth. 因某事向某人祝贺 2) congratulation n. 祝贺；恭喜 3) congratulations to sb. 向某人表示祝贺 ① We all congratulated her on winning the first prize in the speech competition.（记叙文 / 场景描写）我们都祝贺她在演讲比赛中获得一等奖。 ② Congratulations to all the graduates on this special day!（应用文 / 贺词）在这个特别的日子里，祝贺所有毕业生！ 2.decorate vt. 装饰；装潢 背重点 背写作佳句 1) decorate ... with ... 用…… 装饰…… 2) decoration n. 装饰；装潢；装饰品 3) decorative adj. 装饰性的；装潢的 ① The whole family worked together to decorate the house for the Spring Festival.（记叙文 / 节日场景）全家人一起为春节装饰房子。 ② The Christmas tree was decorated with colorful lights and beautiful gifts.（读后续写 / 景物描写）圣诞树被装饰着彩灯和漂亮的礼物。 3.significant adj. 有重大意义的；显著的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) significance n. 重要性；意义 2) 2) be significant to 对…… 有重要意义3) significantly adv. 显著地；重要地 ① The Spring Festival is the most significant festival in Chinese culture.（说明文 / 议论文）春节是中国文化中最重要的节日。② The new policy has brought significant changes to people’s lives.（议论文 / 观点表达）这项新政策给人们的生活带来了显著的变化。 4. reflect vi. 显示；反映；反射 背重点 背写作佳句 1) reflect on/upon sth. 反思；思考某事 2) reflect sb.’s feelings/thoughts 反映某人的情感 / 想法 3) reflection n. 反射；反映；思考 ① The traditional festival customs reflect the values and beliefs of the local people.（说明文 / 文化话题）传统节日习俗反映了当地人的价值观和信仰。 ② After the competition, she took some time to reflect on her performance.（记叙文 / 成长故事）比赛结束后，她花了一些时间反思自己的表现。 5. faith n. 宗教信仰；信任；相信 背重点 背写作佳句 1) have faith in sb./sth. 信任 / 相信某人 / 某事 2) lose faith in 对…… 失去信心 3) faithful adj. 忠实的；忠诚的 ① People in different regions have different faiths and beliefs about festivals.（说明文 / 文化话题）不同地区的人们对节日有着不同的信仰和看法。 ② As long as we have faith in ourselves, we can overcome any difficulty.（议论文 / 励志话题）只要我们对自己有信心，就能克服任何困难。 6. grateful adj. 感激的；表示感谢的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事对某人表示感激 2) gratitude n. 感激之情；感谢 3) gratefully adv. 感激地；感谢地 ① I am deeply grateful to my family for their support and love.（记叙文 / 情感描写）我非常感激家人的支持和爱。 ② The villagers expressed their gratitude to the volunteers who helped rebuild their homes.（读后续写 / 场景描写）村民们向帮助重建家园的志愿者表达了感激之情。 7.represent vt. 象征；代表；相当于 背重点 背写作佳句 1) represent ... as ... 把…… 描绘成…… 2) representative adj. 典型的；有代表性的 n. 代表 3) representation n. 代表；表现；象征 ① The dragon is a symbol that represents power and good luck in Chinese culture.（说明文 / 文化话题）龙在中国文化中是代表权力和好运的象征。 ② As the class monitor, I will represent our class at the school meeting.（记叙文 / 身份描写）作为班长，我将代表我们班参加学校会议。 8. absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地 背重点 背写作佳句 1) absolute adj. 绝对的；完全的；纯粹的2) absolutely right/wrong 完全正确 / 错误 3) absolutely necessary 绝对必要 ① It is absolutely necessary to respect different cultures and traditions.（议论文 / 观点表达）尊重不同的文化和传统是绝对必要的。 ② “This is absolutely the best festival I have ever celebrated!” she said excitedly.（记叙文 / 对话描写）“这绝对是我庆祝过的最棒的节日！” 她兴奋地说。 9. brief adj. 简洁的；简单的；短暂的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) in brief 简言之；简单地说 2) briefly adv. 短暂地；简短地；简要地 3) a brief introduction 简短的介绍 ① The teacher asked us to give a brief introduction to our favorite festival.（记叙文 / 课堂场景）老师让我们简单介绍一下自己最喜欢的节日。 ②In brief, the festival is a time for family reunion and thanksgiving.（说明文 / 观点总结）简言之，这个节日是家庭团聚和感恩的时刻。 10.respect n. & vt. 尊敬；尊重 背重点 背写作佳句 1) respect sb. for sth. 因某事尊敬某人 2) show respect for 对…… 表示尊重 3) respectful adj. 恭敬的；有礼貌的 ① We should respect different cultures and customs when traveling abroad.（议论文 / 观点表达）出国旅行时，我们应该尊重不同的文化和习俗。 ② The old man was respected by everyone in the village for his kindness and wisdom.（记叙文 / 人物描写）这位老人因善良和智慧受到村里所有人的尊敬。 11.celebration n. 庆祝；庆典 背重点 背写作佳句 1) celebrate vt. 庆祝；庆贺 2) hold a celebration 举行庆祝活动 3) celebratory adj. 庆祝的；庆典的 ① The whole town held a grand celebration to welcome the new year.（记叙文 / 节日场景）全镇举行了盛大的庆祝活动来迎接新年。 ② The Mid-Autumn Festival is a celebration of family reunion and harvest.（说明文 / 文化话题）中秋节是一个庆祝家庭团聚和丰收的节日。 12. gather vi. 聚集；集合 vt. 聚集；搜集；收割 背重点 背写作佳句 1) gather together 聚集在一起 2) gather information 搜集信息 3) gathering n. 集会；聚会 ① On New Year’s Eve, all family members gather together to have a big dinner.（记叙文 / 节日场景）除夕夜，所有家庭成员聚在一起吃一顿丰盛的晚餐。 ② The students gathered at the school gate to prepare for the field trip.（记叙文 / 校园场景）学生们在学校门口集合，准备去实地考察。 13. origin n. 起源；起因；出身 背重点 背写作佳句 1) the origin of ... …… 的起源 2) original adj. 原始的；最初的；独创的 3) originally adv. 最初；起初；原来 ① Many traditional festivals have their origins in ancient agricultural activities.（说明文 / 文化话题）许多传统节日起源于古代的农业活动。 ② We are still not sure about the exact origin of this custom.（议论文 / 观点表达）我们仍然不确定这个习俗的确切起源。 14.commercial adj. 商业（化）的；以获利为目的的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) commercialisation n. 商业化 2) commercialise vt. 使商业化；利用…… 牟利 3) commercial purpose 商业目的 ① Some people worry that festivals are becoming too commercial these days.（议论文 / 观点表达）有些人担心如今节日变得过于商业化。 ② The holiday season is a very commercial time for many businesses.（说明文 / 社会话题）对许多企业来说，节日季是一个非常商业化的时期。 15.fade vi. & vt. 逐渐消失；（使）褪色；（身体）变得虚弱 背重点 背写作佳句 1) fade away 逐渐消失；（使）变得虚弱2) fade out 逐渐淡出；消失 3) faded adj. 已褪色的；凋谢的 ① As time passed, the old traditions began to fade away in some places.（说明文 / 文化话题）随着时间的推移，一些地方的古老传统开始逐渐消失。 ② The sound of the music faded away as the parade went further down the street.（读后续写 / 场景描写）随着游行队伍沿街走远，音乐声渐渐消失了。 16.typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的；平常的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be typical of 是…… 的典型特征 2) typically adv. 典型地；通常；一向 3) typical example 典型例子 ① Eating mooncakes is a typical custom of the Mid-Autumn Festival.（说明文 / 文化话题）吃月饼是中秋节的典型习俗。② It is typical of him to arrive early and help prepare for the party.（记叙文 / 人物描写）早到并帮忙准备派对是他的一贯作风。 17.occasion n. 特别的事情（或仪式、庆典）；（适当的）机会 背重点 背写作佳句 1) on this/that occasion 在这 / 那种场合2) on special occasions 在特殊场合 3) occasional adj. 偶尔的；偶然的 ① She wore her best dress for the special occasion of her sister’s wedding.（记叙文 / 场景描写）她在姐姐婚礼这个特殊场合穿上了自己最好的裙子。 ② It’s important to know how to behave properly on different occasions.（议论文 / 观点表达）知道在不同场合如何得体表现很重要。 18.atmosphere n. 气氛；氛围；（地球的）大气（层） 背重点 背写作佳句 1) a friendly/warm atmosphere 友好 / 温暖的氛围 2) create an atmosphere of 营造…… 的氛围 3) atmospheric adj. 大气的；有气氛的 ① The Christmas lights and music created a warm and joyful atmosphere in the street.（读后续写 / 景物描写）圣诞彩灯和音乐在街上营造出温暖欢快的气氛。 ② The classroom had a relaxed atmosphere, which made it easy for students to ask questions.（记叙文 / 校园场景）教室里气氛轻松，学生们很容易提出问题。 19.gratitude n. 感激之情；感谢 背重点 背写作佳句 1) express one’s gratitude to sb. 向某人表达感激之情 2) show gratitude for 对…… 表示感谢 3) grateful adj. 感激的；表示感谢的 ① Thanksgiving is a holiday to express gratitude to family and friends.（说明文 / 文化话题）感恩节是一个向家人和朋友表达感激的节日。 ② The little boy gave the old man a flower to show his gratitude.（读后续写 / 情感描写）小男孩送给老人一朵花来表达他的感激之情。 20.belief n. 信仰；信心；信任 背重点 背写作佳句 1) have a belief in 相信；对…… 有信念 2) hold the belief that 认为…… 3) believe vt. & vi. 相信；认为 ① Many festivals are based on ancient beliefs about nature and the seasons.（说明文 / 文化话题）许多节日都基于古代关于自然和季节的信仰。 ② She held the belief that hard work would lead to success in the end.（记叙文 / 人物描写）她坚信努力工作最终会带来成功 四．单元短语 1. 穿上盛装；装扮 2. 因某事向某人祝贺 3. 毕竟；别忘了 4. 包括从……到……之间 5. 逐渐消失；（使）变得虚弱 6. 不管；尽管 7. 利用；欺骗；占……的便宜 8. 大众传播媒介 9. （兴趣、想法等方面）相同；有相同的特征 10. 爆炸；走火；离开 11. 除……之外 12. 出发；动身；启程 13. 坦白说；坦率地说 五．单元佳句 1. 句式：让步状语从句 【教材】However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common in all festivals. 然而，无论它们看起来多么不同，分享喜悦、感恩、爱或和平的精神在全世界所有节日中都是共通的。 2. 句式：with复合结构作伴随状语 【教材】Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. 节日正变得越来越商业化，商家们正利用这些庆祝活动获利。 3. 句式：定语从句（which引导） 【教材】Naadam means “games” in Mongolian, and it is represented by three events: horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch! 那达慕在蒙古语中意为“游戏”，它由三项活动代表：赛马、摔跤和射箭，每一项都非常精彩！ 4. 句式：形式宾语it结构 【教材】Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. 网购网站和社交媒体应用让公众更容易为所爱的人购买更多礼物。 5. 句式：as if引导方式状语从句 【教材】The competitors danced onto the green field, waving their arms in the air as if they were eagles. 选手们跳着舞来到场地上，在空中挥舞着手臂，仿佛雄鹰一般。 6. 句式：宾语从句（where/who/what引导） 【教材】They help us understand where we came from, who we are, and what to appreciate. 它们帮助我们理解我们来自哪里、我们是谁，以及应该珍惜什么。 六．单元语法 现在分词（-ing 形式）作定语和表语 一、现在分词作定语 本质上相当于一个主动语态的定语从句，用来修饰名词，表示： 主动 / 正在进行的动作 事物本身的性质、特征 1. 位置规则 类型 位置 例句 解析 单个现在分词 放在名词前 a running boy the rising sun 修饰 boy 和 sun，表主动 / 正在进行 现在分词短语 放在名词后（后置定语） The girl singing in the classroom is my sister. 相当于定语从句：who is singing in the classroom 2. 用法分类 表 “主动 / 正在进行”：表示名词正在发出的动作 The boiling water is too hot to drink.（正在沸腾的水） The people waiting for the bus are my classmates.（正在等公交的人们） 表 “事物的性质 / 特征”：此时分词已形容词化，描述事物给人的感觉 an interesting book（有趣的书，表特征） a surprising result（令人惊讶的结果，表特征） 3. 易错点提醒 现在分词作定语表主动，过去分词（-ed）作定语表被动 / 完成，注意区分： a developing country（发展中国家，正在发展，主动） a developed country（发达国家，已经发展，完成） 二、现在分词作表语（Predicative） 现在分词作表语，放在系动词（be, become, get, remain 等）后面，用来描述主语的性质、状态或特征，此时的分词大多已形容词化。 1. 用法分类 描述事物的特征：多以 ing 结尾，译为 “令人…… 的” The news is exciting.（这消息令人兴奋） The film is moving.（这部电影很感人） 描述主语的状态 / 动作：此时的 ing 仍保留一定的动作意味，相当于进行时态 The problem is puzzling.（这个问题令人困惑） The situation is worsening.（情况正在恶化） 2. 易错点提醒 现在分词作表语时，主语通常是事物，表示事物的性质；过去分词（-ed）作表语时，主语通常是人，表示人的感受： I am excited about the news.（我对这消息感到兴奋） The news is exciting.（这消息令人兴奋） 七．单元写作 节日 / 庆祝经历记叙文 本篇为记叙文，记述一次节日或庆典的亲身经历，侧重场景描写与情感表达。语言生动自然，以一般过去时为主，用第一人称讲述经历，传递节日的温暖与文化内涵。 [基本框架] 开头：点明节日背景与写作缘由，引出核心事件 主体：按时间顺序描述经历的关键细节（准备过程、活动场景、个人感受） 结尾：升华主题，表达节日带来的感悟与回忆 [常用词块] traditional festival 传统节日 family reunion 阖家团圆 put up couplets/paper-cuts 贴春联 / 剪纸 set off fireworks 燃放烟花 folk performances 民俗表演 festive atmosphere 节日氛围 local customs 地方习俗 taste traditional snacks 品尝传统小吃 gather with relatives 与亲友团聚 inherit cultural traditions 传承文化传统 [常用语句] ★ 精彩开头 The Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival in China, and this year’s celebration left me with the sweetest memories. Last Mid-Autumn Festival, I spent the day with my grandparents in the countryside, and it turned out to be an unforgettable experience. Festivals are the warmest moments in life, and the Dragon Boat Festival I spent with my family is one I will never forget. ★ 正文佳句 Early in the morning, my grandma and I started making zongzi together, chatting and laughing while wrapping the glutinous rice with bamboo leaves. As the night fell, the whole family sat around the table, eating mooncakes and admiring the full moon hanging high in the sky. The sound of firecrackers and the smell of homemade dumplings filled the house, making every corner feel warm and festive. We walked through the crowded streets, watching colorful lanterns light up the night sky and guessing riddles written on them. I felt so warm and happy to be surrounded by my family, even the simplest activities became precious memories. ★ 余味结尾 This festival experience taught me that the true meaning of celebrations lies not in grand events, but in the time we spend with the people we love. Those warm moments will stay in my heart forever, reminding me of the beauty of family and tradition. Every festival is a chance to create new memories, and this experience has become my favorite story to tell. Festivals connect generations and carry our culture, and I will always cherish these sweet moments. 假定你是李华，你的外国笔友 Peter 对中国传统节日很感兴趣，请你写一篇短文，向他介绍一次你印象深刻的节日经历，包括活动、场景和个人感受。词数 80 左右。 An Unforgettable Lantern Festival The Lantern Festival is a lively traditional festival that marks the end of the Spring Festival, and this year’s celebration with my family in the old town became my most unforgettable memory. Early in the afternoon, my parents and I walked through the crowded streets, where every shop was decorated with colorful lanterns. We stopped at a small stall to buy paper lanterns and sweet glutinous rice balls, and I even tried to guess riddles written on the lanterns, winning a small rabbit-shaped toy as a prize. As the sun went down, the lanterns along the river lit up one by one, turning the water into a sea of light. We sat by the bank, eating the warm rice balls and watching people release sky lanterns into the night sky. The soft light of the lanterns and the sound of children’s laughter made the whole night feel like a dream. This Lantern Festival experience taught me that the magic of festivals comes from the little, warm moments shared with family. Those glowing lanterns and sweet rice balls are not just part of the tradition, but also the sweetest memories I will keep forever. Unit 2 Morals And Virtues 一、核心单词 1. moral adj. n. 2. virtue n. 3. dilemma n. 4. faint vi. adj. 5. illustrate vt. 6. precious adj. 7. majority n. 8. complain vi. & vt. 9. respond vi. vt. 10. response n. 11. hire vt. n. 12. physician n. 13. colleague n. 14. reject vt. 15. appoint vt. 16. elect vt. 17. election n. 18. tend vi. 19. publish vt. 20. staff n. 21. retire vi. & vt. 22. saving n. [pl.] 23. principle n. 24. passive adj. 25. sharp adj. 26. insurance n. 27. energetic adj. 28. replace vt. 29. accident n. 30. operation n. 31. import n. vt. 32. export n. vt. 33. assist vt. 34. disguise vt. n. 35. spill vi. & vt. (spilt/spilled) 36. despair n. vi. 37. harm n. & vt. 38. flexible adj. 39. income n. 40. tension n. 二、单词拓展 1. vt. 保护；防护 → n. 保护；防护 → adj. 保护的；防护的 2. vt. 使遭受危险；危及 → adj. 濒危的；濒临灭绝的→ n. 危险→ adj. 危险的 3. n. 物种；种类 → （单复数同形，常用搭配：endangered species 濒危物种） 4. n. （动植物的）生活环境；栖息地 → n. 居住；住所 5. n. 威胁 → vt. 威胁；危及 → adj. 威胁的；恐吓的 6. vi. 存在；生存 → n. 存在；生存 → adj. 现存的；现行的 7. vi. 适应 vt. 使适应；使适合 → n. 适应；改编本 → adj. 能适应的；适应性强的 8. vt. 测量；度量 n. 措施；方法 → n. 测量；尺寸 → adj. 可测量的；显著的 9. vt. 观察（到）；注视；遵守 → n. 观察；观测 → n. 观察者；观测者 10. vt. 提醒；使想起 → n. 提醒物；提示 11. vi. 适应 vt. 使适应；使适合 → n. 适应；改编本 → adj. 能适应的；适应性强的 12. adj. 有效的；生效的 → n. 效果；影响 → adv. 有效地 13. vi. 恢复；康复 vt. 找回；寻回 → n. 恢复；康复 14. vi. & vt. 打算；计划；想要 → n. 意图；打算 → adj. 故意的；有意的 15. vt. 减少 → n. 减少；降低 16. vt. 伤害；损害 → adj. 有害的 → adj. 无害的 17. vt. 使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 → adj. 惊人的；使人惊恐的 → adj. 惊恐的；担心的 18. adj. 已灭绝的 → n. 灭绝 19. adj. 不合法的；非法的 → adv. 不合法地；非法地 → adj. 合法的（反义词） 20. vt. & vi. 打猎；搜寻；追捕 → n. 猎人 → n. 打猎；狩猎 21. vt. & vi. 射杀；射伤；发射 → n. 射击；开枪；镜头 22. n., vi. & vt. 攻击；抨击 → n. 攻击者；袭击者 23. vt. 破坏；摧毁 → n. 破坏；毁灭 → adj. 破坏性的；毁灭性的 24. vt. 影响；使改变 → n. 影响；效果 → adj. 有效的 25. vt. 涉及；让……担忧 → adj. 担心的；有关的 → prep. 关于 26. adj. 活着的；活的 → v. 居住；生存 adj. 活的；现场直播的 → adj. 活着的；有活力的 27. vt. 压；按；催促 → n. 压力；压迫 → adj. 紧迫的；迫切的 28. n. 意见；看法 → adj. 固执己见的（派生词） 29. vt. 污染 → n. 污染 → adj. 被污染的 30. vt. 回收利用；再利用 → n. 回收利用 → adj. 可回收利用的 三、常考单词 1.protect vt. 保护；防护 背重点 背写作佳句 1) protect ... from/against ... 保护…… 免受…… 2) protection n. 保护；防护 3) protective adj. 保护的；防护的 ① We should take action to protect endangered animals from being killed.（议论文）我们应该采取行动保护濒危动物免遭杀害。 ② The thick fur of the animal is protective against the cold weather.（说明文）这种动物的厚皮毛能抵御寒冷天气。 2.adapt vi. 适应 vt. 使适应；使适合 背重点 背写作佳句 1) adapt (oneself) to ... 使（自己）适应…… 2) adapt ... for ... 为…… 改编 / 改造…… 3) adaptation n. 适应；改编本 ① It takes time for animals to adapt to the changing environment.（说明文）动物适应不断变化的环境需要时间。 ② The novel was adapted into a popular film for young audiences.这部小说被改编成了一部深受年轻观众喜爱的电影。 3.observe vt. 观察（到）；注视；遵守 背重点 背写作佳句 1) observe sb. do/doing sth. 观察某人做某事 / 正在做某事 2) observe the rules 遵守规则 3) observation n. 观察；观测 ① Scientists have been observing the behaviour of pandas in the wild for years.科学家们多年来一直在野外观察大熊猫的行为。 ② It is important to observe traffic rules when driving.（议论文）开车时遵守交通规则很重要。 4.remind vt. 提醒；使想起 背重点 背写作佳句 1) remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事 2) remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 3) reminder n. 提醒物；提示 ① The old photo reminds me of my happy childhood with my grandparents.（记叙文）这张旧照片让我想起了和祖父母在一起的快乐童年。 ② Please remind me to take my medicine before I leave.（应用文）请提醒我离开前吃药。 5.threaten vt. 威胁；危及 背重点 背写作佳句 1) threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事 2) be threatened by 受到…… 的威胁 3) threat n. 威胁 ① The wild animals are threatened by illegal hunting and habitat loss.（议论文）野生动物受到非法捕猎和栖息地丧失的威胁。② The dark clouds threatened a heavy rain, so we decided to stay at home.（记叙文）乌云预示着要下大雨，所以我们决定待在家里。 6.exist vi. 存在；生存 背重点 背写作佳句 1) exist in 存在于…… 之中 2) exist on 靠…… 生存 3) existence n. 存在；生存 ① Many rare species exist only in remote areas of the rainforest.（说明文）许多稀有物种只存在于热带雨林的偏远地区。 ② The ancient custom still exists in some parts of the country today.（议论文）这种古老的习俗今天仍在该国的一些地区存在。 7.reduce vt. 减少；降低 背重点 背写作佳句 1) reduce ... by ... 减少了…… 2) reduce ... to ... 减少到…… 3) reduction n. 减少；降低 ① We can reduce pollution by using clean energy and recycling waste.（议论文）我们可以通过使用清洁能源和回收垃圾来减少污染。 ② The company has reduced the price of its products to attract more customers.（说明文）该公司降低了产品价格以吸引更多顾客。 8.effective adj. 有效的；生效的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) effective measures 有效措施 2) take effective action 采取有效行动 3) effectively adv. 有效地 ① The government has taken effective measures to protect the environment.（议论文）政府已采取有效措施保护环境。② This medicine is effective in treating the disease.（说明文）这种药对治疗这种病很有效。 9.recover vi. 恢复；康复 vt. 找回；寻回 背重点 背写作佳句 1) recover from ... 从…… 中恢复 / 康复2) recover one’s health 恢复健康 3) recovery n. 恢复；康复 ① It took her a long time to recover from the serious illness.（记叙文）她花了很长时间才从重病中康复过来。② The police are trying to recover the stolen artworks.（说明文）警方正试图找回被盗的艺术品。 10.intend vi. & vt. 打算；计划；想要 背重点 背写作佳句 1) intend to do sth. 打算 / 计划做某事 2) be intended for 为…… 准备 / 设计的3) intention n. 意图；打算 ① I intend to spend my summer vacation volunteering at the wildlife reserve.（记叙文）我打算暑假去野生动物保护区做志愿者。 ② The course is intended for students who want to improve their English writing skills.（说明文）这门课是为想提高英语写作能力的学生开设的。 11.alarm vt. 使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be alarmed by/at 因…… 而惊恐 / 担心 2) alarming adj. 惊人的；使人惊恐的 3) raise the alarm 发出警报 ① Many people are alarmed by the alarming rate of species loss.（议论文）物种消失的惊人速度让很多人感到担忧。 ② The loud noise alarmed the birds, and they flew away in all directions.（读后续写 / 场景描写）巨大的声响惊动了鸟儿，它们四散飞去。 12.extinct adj. 已灭绝的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) become extinct 灭绝 2) on the brink of extinction 濒临灭绝 3) extinction n. 灭绝 ① If we don’t act now, many more species will become extinct forever.如果我们现在不行动，更多物种将永远灭绝。 ② The dodo bird is an example of a species that went extinct due to human activity.渡渡鸟就是因人类活动而灭绝的物种例子。 13.hunt vt. & vi. 打猎；搜寻；追捕 背重点 背写作佳句 1) hunt for 搜寻；寻找 2) go hunting 去打猎 3) hunter n. 猎人 ① Illegal hunting is one of the main reasons why many animals are endangered.非法捕猎是许多动物濒危的主要原因之一。 ② The police are hunting for the person who stole the rare animal from the zoo.警方正在搜寻从动物园偷走珍稀动物的人。 14. shoot vt. & vi. 射杀；射伤；发射 背重点 背写作佳句 1) shoot at 向…… 射击 2) shoot down 击落；驳倒 3) shot n. 射击；开枪；镜头 ① The poachers shot the elephant for its ivory tusks.（记叙文）偷猎者为了象牙射杀了那头大象。 ② The soldier shot at the target and hit it dead center.（场景描写）士兵向目标射击，正中靶心。 15.attack n& vi. & vt. 攻击；抨击 背重点 背写作佳句 1) attack sb./sth. 攻击某人 / 某物 2) come under attack 受到攻击 / 抨击 3) attacker n. 攻击者；袭击者 ① The villagers were attacked by wild animals when they entered the forest.村民们进入森林时遭到了野生动物的袭击。 ② The plan to build a factory near the river came under attack from environmentalists.在河边建工厂的计划遭到了环保人士的抨击。 16. harm vt. 伤害；损害 背重点 背写作佳句 1) do harm to 对…… 造成伤害 2) be harmful to 对…… 有害 3) harmless adj. 无害的 ① Plastic waste does great harm to the ocean environment and sea life.塑料垃圾对海洋环境和海洋生物造成了极大的伤害。 ② The medicine is harmless to humans but deadly to insects.（说明文）这种药对人类无害，但对昆虫是致命的。 17.illegal adj. 不合法的；非法的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) illegal hunting/traffic 非法捕猎 / 交易2) illegally adv. 不合法地；非法地 3) legal adj. 合法的（反义词） ① It is illegal to buy or sell products made from endangered animals.（议论文）买卖由濒危动物制成的产品是非法的。 ② Many rare animals are illegally traded on the black market for high prices.（说明文）许多稀有动物在黑市上被高价非法交易。 18. measure vt. 测量；度量 n. 措施；方法 背重点 背写作佳句 1) take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 2) measure against 与…… 相比 / 衡量 3) measurement n. 测量；尺寸 ① The government has taken strict measures to prevent the spread of the disease.（议论文）政府已采取严格措施防止疾病传播。② The scientist measured the temperature of the water to see if it was safe for the fish.科学家测量了水温，看是否适合鱼类生存。 19.concern vt. 涉及；让…… 担忧 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be concerned about/for 担心；关心 2) as far as ... is concerned 就…… 而言 3) concerning prep. 关于 ① Many people are concerned about the future of the planet and its wildlife.许多人都关心这个星球及其野生动物的未来。 ② The meeting will discuss issues concerning the protection of endangered species.会议将讨论关于濒危物种保护的问题。 20.pollute vt. 污染 背重点 背写作佳句 1) pollute the air/water/soil 污染空气 / 水 / 土壤 2) pollution n. 污染 3) polluted adj. 被污染的 ① Factories that pollute the river with chemical waste should be closed down.用化学废料污染河流的工厂应该被关闭。 ② The polluted air in the city has caused health problems for many residents.城市里被污染的空气已经给许多居民带来了健康问题。 四．单元短语 1. 灭亡；逐渐消失 2. 适应 3. 担心；关心 4. 取得进步 5. 采取措施做某事 6. 受到威胁 7. 濒临灭绝 8. 陪伴某人 9. 寻找；搜寻 10. 掌握……的最新消息；了解……的动态 11. 处于（……的）危险中 12. 在野外 13. 采取行动 14. 受到攻击；遭到抨击 15. 对……造成伤害 16. 作为对……的回应 五．单元佳句 1. 句式：定语从句 + 方式状语从句 【教材】To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I’m cold, hungry, or tired? 对一个人来说，没有什么比生命更珍贵。如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎能因自己寒冷、饥饿或疲惫而辜负这份信任？ 2. 句式：现在分词作结果状语 【教材】Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. 林巧稚一生未婚，却被誉为“万婴之母”，她一生中接生了超过5万名婴儿。 3. 句式：who引导定语从句 + 宾语从句 【教材】Once upon a time there was a king who often thought, “Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.” 从前有一位国王，他常常想：“如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，指望别人解决问题，那这个国家永远不会有好的结果。” 4. 句式：定语从句（who引导） 【教材】Now the gold is yours, because you are the only person who has learnt the lesson I wanted to teach my people. 现在这些金子是你的了，因为你是唯一一个领悟了我想教给国民的道理的人。 5. 句式：as引导时间状语从句 + 定语从句 【教材】The king watched all day as many people complained about the stone, but he found nobody making an attempt to move it. 国王一整天看着许多人抱怨这块石头，却发现没有人尝试把它移走。 6. 句式：非谓语动词作伴随状语 【教材】At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care. 有时人们甚至能看到她骑着毛驴，去偏远的村庄提供医疗服务。 六．单元语法 现在分词（-ing 形式）作宾语补足语和状语 一、现在分词作宾语补足语（Object Complement） 现在分词作宾补，用来补充说明宾语的动作状态，即 “宾语正在做什么”，常跟在以下几类动词后： 1. 常见搭配动词 动词类型 例词 例句 解析 感官动词 see, hear, watch, notice, feel, smell I saw him playing basketball. 我看见他正在打篮球（动作正在进行） 使役动词 keep, have, leave, get The noise kept me sleeping badly. 噪音让我一直睡不好（动作持续） 其他动词 find, catch, discover I caught him reading my diary. 我撞见他正在看我的日记 2. 易错点提醒 感官动词后，现在分词和不带 to 的不定式作宾补的区别： see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事（动作正在进行） see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了 / 做过某事（动作全过程） I saw him cross the road.（我看见他过了马路，全过程） I saw him crossing the road.（我看见他正在过马路，进行中） 二、现在分词作状语（Adverbial） 现在分词作状语，用来说明主句动作发生的时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果等，逻辑主语必须和主句主语一致。 1. 状语类型与例句 状语类型 例句 解析 时间状语 Walking down the street, I met an old friend. 当我走在街上时，我遇到了一位老朋友（=When I was walking…） 原因状语 Being late, I missed the beginning of the class. 因为迟到，我错过了课的开头（=Because I was late…） 伴随状语 He sat by the window, reading a novel. 他坐在窗边，读着一本小说（同时发生的动作） 结果状语 The fire lasted for three days, destroying the whole village. 大火持续了三天，烧毁了整个村庄（自然而然的结果） 条件状语 Working hard, you will pass the exam. 努力学习，你就会通过考试（=If you work hard…） 让步状语 Having failed many times, he didn’t give up. 虽然失败了很多次，但他没有放弃（=Though he had failed…） 2. 特殊情况：现在分词的完成式（Having done） 用法：当分词动作发生在主句动作之前时，用Having done形式 例句：Having finished my homework, I went out to play.（先完成作业，再出去玩） 3. 易错点提醒 逻辑主语必须和主句主语一致，否则会出现 “悬垂分词” 错误： ❌ Walking in the park, a tree fell down.（tree 不能发出 walk 的动作） ✅ When I was walking in the park, a tree fell down.（主语一致，修正后） 七．单元写作 道德寓言读后感 本篇为议论文体的读后感，分析寓言故事的寓意，结合生活实际谈感悟。语言正式清晰，以一般现在时为主，先简述故事内容，再阐述启示，传递正向价值观。 [基本框架] 开头：简述寓言故事内容，点明核心寓意 主体：分点阐述故事带来的启示，结合生活实例说明美德的重要性 结尾：升华主题，呼吁践行寓言传递的价值观 [常用词块] moral fable 道德寓言 traditional virtue 传统美德 learn a lesson 吸取教训 honesty and kindness 诚实与善良 perseverance and courage 坚持与勇气 the true meaning of virtue 美德的真谛 set a good example 树立好榜样 practise virtues in daily life 在生活中践行美德 draw a lesson from 从…… 中吸取教训 apply the moral to life 将道理应用于生活 [常用语句] ★ 精彩开头 The fable of The Farmer and the Snake teaches us a valuable lesson about kindness and caution, which has stayed with me since I first read it. Reading the classic fable of The Boy Who Cried Wolf made me realize how important honesty is in every part of our lives. This ancient Chinese fable about a diligent farmer shows us that hard work and patience are the keys to success. ★ 正文佳句 The story reminds us that honesty is the foundation of trust, and once we lose others’ trust, it is hard to get it back. The farmer’s kindness in the fable shows us that being compassionate is important, but we should also learn to protect ourselves from harm. The fable’s message about perseverance is especially meaningful to teenagers, as we often face difficulties in our studies and lives. The main character’s mistake teaches us that every choice we make has consequences, and we must take responsibility for our actions. Many of us may make similar mistakes in daily life, so we should keep this lesson in mind all the time. ★ 余味结尾 This fable is not just a story for children, but a lifelong lesson that guides us to be better people. By keeping the moral of the fable in mind, we can build a more honest and kind world for everyone. The virtues taught in these old fables are still valuable today, and we should carry them with us as we grow up. Let us learn from the story and practise good virtues in our daily life. 假定你校英语报正在开展 “寓言故事伴我成长” 征文活动，请你根据读过的一篇道德寓言，写一篇短文，分享故事内容和你的感悟。词数 80 左右。 The Lesson of The Boy Who Cried Wolf The fable The Boy Who Cried Wolf is a classic story about honesty, and its message is just as meaningful today as it was hundreds of years ago. The story follows a young shepherd boy who tricks the villagers by lying about a wolf attacking his sheep. When the wolf finally comes, no one believes him, and all his sheep are lost. This story teaches us two important lessons. First, honesty is the most important virtue in building trust. The boy’s lies made the villagers stop believing him, even when he told the truth. In our daily lives, this applies to everything from schoolwork to friendships: if we lie even once, people may doubt us forever. Second, the story shows us that our actions have consequences. The boy thought lying was just a game, but it led to the loss of his sheep. As teenagers, we need to remember that even small lies can hurt others and damage our own reputation. The fable reminds us that honesty is not just a rule to follow, but a way to build real, lasting relationships. By telling the truth and being reliable, we can earn the trust of those around us and avoid the same mistake the boy made. This simple story is a lifelong lesson that we should all keep in mind. Unit 3 Diverse Cultures 一、核心单词 1. diverse adj. 2. diversity n. 3. fortune n. 4. spicy adj. 5. ethnic adj. 6. admit vi. & vt. vt. 7. definitely adv. 8. occur vi. 9. downtown adv. 10. mission n. 11. district n. 12. comic n. adj. 13. historical adj. 14. seek vt. & vi. 15. earn vt. & vi. 16. immigrant n. 17. select vt. 18. diagram n. 19. journal n. 20. claim vt. & n. 21. series n. 22. apart from 23. minority n. 24. escape vi. & vt. n. 25. financial adj. 26. poisonous adj. 27. poison n. vt. 28. fold vt. vi. & vt. 29. collection n. 30. souvenir n. 31. climate n. 32. mild adj. 33. settle vt. & vi. 34. construction n. 35. material n. adj. 36. clothing n. 37. herbal adj. 38. suit vi. n. 39. item n. 40. contain vt. 41. neat adj. 二、单词拓展 1. adj. 不同的；多种多样的 → n. 差异（性）；多样性 2. n. 机会；运气 → adj. 幸运的 → adv. 幸运地 → adj. 不幸的 → adv. 不幸地 3. adj. 加有香料的；辛辣的 → n. 香料；调味品 vt. 加香料于 4. adj. 民族的；种族的 → n. 种族；民族性 5. vi. & vt. 承认；准许进入 → n. 承认；入场费；准许进入 6. adj. 明确的；肯定的 → adv. 肯定；确实 → n. 定义；释义 7. vi. 发生；出现 → n. 发生；事件 8. adj. 历史的 → adj. （有关）历史的；历史学的 → n. 历史 9. vt. & vi. 寻找；寻求 → n. 寻找者；追求者 10. vt. & vi. 挣得；赢得 → n. 收入；所得 11. vi. （从外国）移入 → n. 移民；侨民 → n. 移民；移居 12. vt. 选择；挑选 → n. 选择；挑选 → adj. 选择性的 13. n. 毒物；毒药 vt. 毒死；毒害 → adj. 有毒的；有害的 14. vt. & vi. 折叠；包 → n. 文件夹；折叠机 15. vt. 收集；采集 → n. 收集物；收藏品 → n. 收藏家；采集者 16. n. 纪念品；纪念物 → vt. 把……留作纪念 17. n. 百分比；百分率 → n. 百分率；百分比 18. n. 气候 → adj. 气候的；与气候有关的 19. adj. 温和的；轻微的 → adv. 温和地；适度地 20. vt. & vi. 定居；解决 → n. 定居点；解决 → n. 定居者；移民 21. vt. 建造；构造 → n. 建造；建筑物 → adj. 建设性的 22. n. 材料；素材 adj. 物质的 → adv. 物质上；重大地 23. n. 历史 → adj. 历史的；与历史有关的 → adj. 有历史意义的 24. adj. 财政的；金融的 → n. 财政；金融 vt. 提供资金 25. vi. & vt. 逃脱；避开 → adj. 逃脱的；漏出的 26. n. 少数民族；少数派 → adj. 次要的；较小的 n. 未成年人；辅修科目 27. vt. 包含；容纳 → n. 容器；集装箱 → n. 控制；遏制 28. adj. 整洁的；整齐的 → adv. 整洁地；干净地 29. adj. 超级的；极好的 → adj. 极好的；卓越的 三、常考单词 1.earn 挣得；赚得；赢得 背重点 背写作佳句 1) earn a living 谋生 2) earn money 挣钱；赚钱 3) earn one’s respect 赢得某人的尊重 4) earn a reputation 获得名声 ① Many immigrants come to the city to earn a better living for their families.（议论文）许多移民来到这座城市，是为了给家人更好的生活。 ② He worked part-time jobs to earn money while studying at college.（记叙文）他上大学时靠打零工来挣钱。 2.adapt 适应；使适应 背重点 背写作佳句 1) adapt to (doing) sth 适应（做）某事 2) adapt oneself to 使自己适应 3) be adapted from 改编自 ① It takes time for new students to adapt to the new school life.（议论文）新生需要时间来适应新的校园生活。 ② She quickly adapted to the new environment after moving to the city.（记叙文）搬到这座城市后，她很快就适应了新环境。 3.occur 发生；出现 背重点 背写作佳句 1) occur to sb 某人突然想到 2) It occurs to sb that… 某人突然想到…… 3) occur to do sth 发生做某事 ① It never occurred to me that I could learn so much from this experience.（议论文）我从未想过能从这次经历中学到这么多。② The accident occurred when the driver was not paying attention.（记叙文）事故发生时，司机没有集中注意力。 4.contain 包含；容纳；控制 背重点 背写作佳句 1) contain oneself 克制自己 2) contain a variety of 包含各种各样的 3) be contained in 被包含在…… 中 ① The museum contains a large collection of artworks from different cultures.（议论文）这座博物馆收藏了大量来自不同文化的艺术品。 ② The box contained a letter written by his grandmother many years ago.（记叙文）盒子里装着一封他祖母多年前写的信。 5.settle 定居；解决；结束 背重点 背写作佳句 1) settle down 定居；安定下来 2) settle a problem/argument 解决问题 / 争论 3) settle in 适应（新环境） ① Many people choose to settle in the countryside for a quieter life.（议论文）许多人选择在乡村定居，过更宁静的生活。 ② After moving several times, the family finally settled down in a small town.（记叙文）搬了好几次家后，这家人终于在一个小镇安定下来。 6. bring about 导致；引起 背重点 背写作佳句 1) bring about changes 带来改变 2) bring about problems 引起问题 3) bring about a revolution 引发变革 ① Technology has brought about great changes in our daily lives.（议论文）科技给我们的日常生活带来了巨大的改变。 ② The new policy brought about many positive changes in the community.（记叙文）新政策给社区带来了许多积极的变化。 7. apart from 除了…… 之外（还） 背重点 背写作佳句 1) apart from = besides / except for 2) apart from… also… 除了…… 还…… 3) apart from the cost 除了成本之外 ① Apart from improving my English, studying abroad also helped me become more independent.（议论文）出国留学除了提高了我的英语水平，还帮助我变得更独立。 ② Apart from her busy study schedule, she also found time to join the school club.（记叙文）除了繁忙的学习计划，她还挤出时间参加了学校社团。 8.in memory of 作为对…… 的纪念 背重点 背写作佳句 1) in honor of 为纪念；向…… 致敬 2) in memory of the hero 纪念这位英雄 3) build a monument in memory of… 建纪念碑纪念…… ① The park was built in memory of the soldiers who died in the war.（议论文）这座公园是为了纪念在战争中牺牲的士兵而建的。 ② Every year, the town holds a ceremony in memory of its founding fathers.（记叙文）每年，这个小镇都会举行仪式来纪念它的创立者。 9. make progress 取得进步 背重点 背写作佳句 1) make progress in (doing) sth 在（做）某事上取得进步 2) make steady progress 稳步前进 3) make rapid progress 进步很快 ① With hard work and practice, anyone can make great progress in learning a new language.（议论文）只要努力练习，任何人都能在学习新语言上取得巨大进步。 ② He made rapid progress in his studies after getting help from his teacher.（记叙文）在老师的帮助下，他的学习进步很快。 10.take measures 采取措施 背重点 背写作佳句 1) take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事2) take effective measures 采取有效措施3) take immediate measures 立即采取措施 ① Governments must take effective measures to protect the environment.（议论文）政府必须采取有效措施来保护环境。② The school took immediate measures to solve the safety problem.（记叙文）学校立即采取措施解决了安全问题。 11.seek 寻找；寻求；争取 背重点 背写作佳句 1) seek (for) sth 寻找某物 2) seek help/advice 寻求帮助 / 建议 3) seek to do sth 试图做某事 4) seek one’s fortune 寻找致富之路 ① Many young people leave their hometowns to seek better opportunities in big cities.（议论文）许多年轻人离开家乡，去大城市寻求更好的机会。 ② She went to the library to seek information for her school project.（记叙文）她去图书馆为她的课题寻找资料。 12. admit 承认；准许进入 背重点 背写作佳句 1) admit (to) doing sth 承认做了某事 2) be admitted to/into 被…… 录取 / 接纳3) It is admitted that… 公认…… ① It takes courage to admit your mistakes and learn from them.（议论文）承认错误并从中吸取教训需要勇气。 ② He was admitted into the university after years of hard work.（记叙文）经过多年努力，他终于被这所大学录取了。 13. contain 包含；含有；容纳 背重点 背写作佳句 1) contain a lot of 包含大量的…… 2) contain oneself 克制自己 3) contain information 包含信息 ① The report contains useful information about local culture and history.这份报告包含了关于当地文化和历史的有用信息。 ② The old box contained many photos from his childhood.那个旧盒子里装着许多他童年时的照片。 14. escape 逃脱；避开 背重点 背写作佳句 1) escape from 从…… 逃脱 2) escape being done 免于被…… 3) escape one’s attention 没被注意到 ① It is difficult to escape the influence of social media in modern life.（议论文）在现代生活中，人们很难摆脱社交媒体的影响。② The prisoner escaped from the prison and was caught the next day.（记叙文）犯人从监狱逃走了，第二天就被抓住了。 15. claim 宣称；断言；夺去（生命） 背重点 背写作佳句 1) claim to do sth 声称做某事 2) claim that… 宣称…… 3) claim one’s life 夺去某人的生命 ① The company claims that their new product is environmentally friendly.（议论文）该公司宣称他们的新产品是环保的。 ② The fire claimed three lives before it was finally put out.（记叙文）大火最终被扑灭前，夺去了三条生命。 16.select 选择；挑选 背重点 背写作佳句 1) select…from… 从…… 中挑选 2) be selected as 被选为…… 3) select sb to do sth 挑选某人做某事 ① Teachers select students based on their performance and attitude.（议论文）老师会根据学生的表现和态度来挑选他们。② She was selected to represent her class at the school meeting.（记叙文）她被选为代表，在学校会议上发言。 17. bring about 导致；引起 背重点 背写作佳句 1) bring about great changes 带来巨变 2) bring about positive results 带来积极结果 3) bring about problems 引发问题 ① The internet has brought about a revolution in how we communicate.（议论文）互联网给我们的交流方式带来了一场革命。 ② The new law brought about many improvements in public safety.（记叙文）新法律给公共安全带来了许多改善。 18.apart from 除了…… 之外（还） 背重点 背写作佳句 1) apart from… also… 除了…… 还…… 2) apart from = besides/except for 3) apart from the cost 除了成本之外 ① Apart from being a tourist attraction, the city is also famous for its food.（议论文）这座城市除了是旅游胜地，还以美食闻名。② Apart from a few minor problems, the project was a great success.（记叙文）除了几个小问题，这个项目非常成功。 四．单元短语 1. 谋生 2. 寻找致富之路；闯世界 3. 朝……前进；（向……）去 4. 导致；引起 5. 除了……外（还）；此外 6. 一系列或一连串（事件） 7. 仅举几例 8. 第一手；亲自 五．单元佳句 1. 句式：定语从句 + 现在分词作伴随状语 【教材】And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906. 这是一座多么了不起的城市——一座在1906年地震后能够重建的城市。 2. 句式：定语从句 + 被动语态 【教材】The art movement called the “Mission School” started here. It’s influenced by graffiti art and comic art. 被称为“Mission派”的艺术运动就起源于此，它受到了涂鸦艺术和漫画艺术的影响。 3. 句式：时间状语从句 + 定语从句 【教材】When these immigrants left their countries, they carried a bit of home in their hearts, and built a new home here. 当这些移民离开他们的祖国时，心中都带着一丝乡愁，并在这里建立了新的家园。 4. 句式：并列句 + 非谓语动词 【教材】It is a very popular tourist draw that receives more visitors each year than even the Golden Gate Bridge. 它是一个非常受欢迎的旅游景点，每年接待的游客甚至比金门大桥还要多。 5. 句式：定语从句 + 现在分词作状语 【教材】The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of whom do not speak English fluently. 唐人街的大多数居民仍然是华裔，其中许多人英语说得并不流利。 6. 句式：what引导主语从句 【教材】But perhaps what many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food. 但也许许多游客和旧金山人最珍视唐人街的，是它的美食。 六．单元语法 英语中的省略现象 一、状语从句中的省略 当状语从句的主语和主句主语一致，且从句中含有 be 动词时，可以省略从句的主语和 be 动词。 1. 常见类型 从句类型 完整句 省略句 时间状语从句 When (he was) asked, he kept silent. When asked, he kept silent. 条件状语从句 If (you are) in trouble, call me. If in trouble, call me. 让步状语从句 Though (he was) tired, he kept working. Though tired, he kept working. 方式状语从句 He walked as if (he was) drunk. He walked as if drunk. 2. 易错点提醒 只有当从句主语和主句主语一致时，才能省略；不一致时不能省略： ❌ While reading the book, the phone rang.（phone 不能发出 read 的动作） ✅ While I was reading the book, the phone rang.（主语不一致，不能省略） 二、不定式的省略 为了避免重复，当不定式的内容和前面提到的内容一致时，可以只保留 to，省略后面的动词部分。 1. 常见场景 对话中的省略： —Would you like to go to the cinema with me? —I’d love to (go with you). 形容词 / 动词后的省略： He wanted to leave, but I told him not to (leave). The plan is to start tomorrow, but I don’t know how to (start). 2. 特殊情况：省略 to 的情况 当不定式前面有 do 的各种形式（do, does, did, done）时，不定式可以省略 to： All you have to do is (to) wait. The only thing I can do is (to) help you. 三、其他常见省略 名词性从句的省略：that 引导的宾语从句中，that 常省略 I know (that) you are right. 对话中的省略：口语中常省略重复的主语、谓语等 —Are you ready? —(I am) Ready. —What’s your name? —(My name is) Tom. 并列句中的省略：并列句中相同的部分可以省略 I like coffee and she (likes) tea. He is a teacher and his wife (is) a doctor. 七．单元写作 城市 / 城镇介绍说明文 本篇为说明文，介绍家乡或所在城市的特色，语言客观流畅，以一般现在时为主，从地理位置、文化、美食、景点等方面展现城市魅力。 [基本框架] 开头：点明城市 / 城镇的基本信息（位置、地位），引出写作主题 主体：分点介绍特色亮点（自然景观、文化景点、特色美食、生活氛围） 结尾：总结城市魅力，发出邀请或表达对家乡的热爱 [常用词块] hometown introduction 家乡介绍 located in the north/south of... 位于…… 的北部 / 南部 famous tourist attractions 著名旅游景点 local special food 当地特色美食 rich cultural heritage 丰富的文化遗产 lively local life 热闹的本地生活 warm and friendly people 热情友好的人们 must-visit places 必游之地 traditional handicrafts 传统手工艺品 a city with a long history 历史悠久的城市 [常用语句] ★ 精彩开头 My hometown, Chengdu, is a lively city in southwest China famous for its pandas, spicy food and slow-paced life. Located by the sea, my small hometown is known for its fresh seafood, beautiful beaches and warm, sunny weather. Beijing, the capital of China, is a city where ancient history meets modern life, and it has something special for everyone. ★ 正文佳句 The city’s most famous attraction is the ancient city wall, which has stood for over 600 years and offers a beautiful view of the old town. You can find the best local snacks in the night market, from spicy hot pot to sweet osmanthus cakes, all made with traditional recipes. The people here are warm and welcoming, and they love to share stories about the city’s history with visitors. Every street in the old town is filled with traditional buildings, showing the city’s long and rich history. The city is developing rapidly, with modern shopping malls and parks built while keeping its traditional charm. ★ 余味结尾 This city is more than just a place to live; it is a mix of history, culture and warmth that makes it feel like home. Whether you love history, food or just relaxing, my hometown has something to offer you. I hope you can come and visit one day! Every corner of this city has a story to tell, and I feel proud to call it my home. Blending ancient charm and modern energy, this city is a wonderful place that I will always love. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友 Harry 想了解你的家乡，请你写一封邮件，向他介绍家乡的地理位置、特色风光、美食和民风。词数 80 左右。 My Lovely Hometown My hometown is a beautiful city located in the south of China. It is not extremely large, but it has its own unique charm that attracts every visitor. There are plenty of amazing scenic spots here. The ancient city wall is a symbol of our long history. Walking along it, you can enjoy wonderful views of the whole city. Besides natural and historic sights, our local snacks are world-famous. Different kinds of tasty food can satisfy every visitor’s taste. What’s more, people living here are simple, warm and friendly. They are always ready to help others and treat guests warmly. The slow and comfortable lifestyle here also makes people feel relaxed. I love every street and every corner of my hometown. It is such a wonderful place full of beauty and warmth. If you have time, I sincerely invite you to come and travel here. I believe you will fall in love with it. Unit 4 Spaces Exploration 一、核心单词 1.astronaut n. 2.procedure n. 3.mental adj. 4.intelligent adj. 5.frontier n. 6.determined adj. 7.satellite n. 8.launch vt. & n. 9.leap n. vi. & vt. 10.agency n. 11.transmit vt. & vi. 12.disappointment n. 13.desire n. vt. 14.universe n. 15.independent adj. 16.signal vt. & vi. n. 17.recycle vt. 18.lack vt. & vi. n. 19.solar adj. 20.current adj. n. 21.sufficient adj. 22.tissue n. 23.facility n. 24.keen adj. 25.argue vi. & vt. 26.analysis n. 27.high-end adj. 28.monitor n. vt. 29.regularly adv. 30.resource n. 31.limited adj. 32.attach vt. 二、单词拓展 1. adj. 聪明的；有智力的 → n. 智力；智慧；情报 → adv. 聪明地；明智地 2. vt. 决定；确定 → adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的 → n. 决心；决定 3. vt. 发射；发起 → n. 发射器；发射台 4. v./n. 跳跃 → 过去式 / 过去分词 5. vt. 使失望 → adj. 失望的 → adj. 令人失望的 → n. 失望；沮丧 6. n./v. 渴望 → adj. 值得向往的；令人满意的 → adj. 渴望的；被期望的 7. adj. 独立的 → adv. 独立地 → n. 独立；自主 8. vt. 回收利用 → adj. 可回收的；可循环利用的 → n. 回收 9. adj. 当前的 → adv. 当前；现在 → n. 货币；流通 10. adj. 足够的 → adv. 足够地；充分地 → n. 充足；足量 11. n. 设施 → n. （复数）设备；设施 12. v. 争论 → n. 争论；论点 13. vt. 分析 → n. 分析 → adj. 分析的；解析的 14. adj. 定期的 → adv. 定期地；有规律地 → n. 规律性；规则性 15. n. 资源 → adj. 资源丰富的；足智多谋的 16. n./v. 限制 → adj. 有限的 → n. 限制；局限 → adj. 无限的 17. n. 谜 → adj. 神秘的；不可思议的 → adv. 神秘地 18. vt. 系；贴 → adj. 附着的；附属的 → n. 附件；依恋 三、常考单词 1.determine vt. 查明；确定；决定 背重点 背写作佳句 1) determine to do sth 决心做某事 2) be determined to do sth 下定决心做某事3) determine on/upon sth 决定某事 ① Our attitude determines how we face challenges in life. 我们的态度决定了我们如何面对生活中的挑战。 ② She was determined to become an astronaut when she was a child. 她从小就下定决心要成为一名宇航员。 2.desire n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望 背重点 背写作佳句 1) have a strong desire to do sth 渴望做某事 2) desire to do sth 渴望做某事 3) desire for sth 对某物的渴望 ①He has a strong desire to explore space and learn more about the universe. 他强烈渴望探索太空，了解更多关于宇宙的知识。 ②We all desire to live in a world where everyone is equal and peaceful. 我们都渴望生活在一个人人平等、和平的世界里。 3.lack vt. & vi. 缺乏；短缺 n. 没有；缺乏 背重点 背写作佳句 1) lack sth 缺乏某物 2) be lacking in 缺乏…… 3) lack of sth 某物的缺乏 ① Lack of confidence is one of the biggest barriers to success. 缺乏自信是成功的最大障碍之一。 ② He failed the exam because he lacked enough preparation. 他因为准备不足而考试不及格。 4.attach vt. 系；绑；贴 背重点 背写作佳句 1) attach sth to sth 把某物附在某物上 2) attach importance to sth 重视某事 3) be attached to 附属于；喜爱 ①We should attach great importance to environmental protection. 我们应该高度重视环境保护。 ②Astronauts attach special devices to their suits to stay safe in space.宇航员在宇航服上安装特殊设备以在太空中保持安全。 5. figure out 弄懂；弄清楚 背重点 背写作佳句 1) figure out a problem 弄清楚问题 2) figure out how to do sth 想出做某事的方法 3) figure out the truth 查明真相 ①Scientists are still trying to figure out how black holes work. 科学家们仍在努力弄清楚黑洞的运作原理。 ②It took me a whole day to figure out the difficult math problem. 我花了一整天的时间才解出这道数学难题。 6. result in 导致；造成 背重点 背写作佳句 1) result in failure/death 导致失败 / 死亡2) result in a disaster 造成灾难 3) result in positive changes 带来积极变化 ①Careless mistakes in experiments can result in serious accidents. 实验中的粗心错误可能会导致严重事故。 ②His hard work and practice resulted in great progress in his studies. 他的努力和练习使他的学习取得了很大进步。 7. monitor vt. 监视；监测；监控 n. 监视器；监测器 背重点 背写作佳句 1) monitor sth closely 密切监测某物 2) monitor the situation 监控局势 3) monitor progress 监控进度 ① The system monitors the astronauts’ health conditions around the clock. 这个系统全天候监测宇航员的健康状况。 ②We need to monitor our environment to protect it from pollution. 我们需要监测环境，防止其受到污染。 8.sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) sufficient time 充足的时间 2) sufficient resources 足够的资源 3) be sufficient for 对…… 来说足够 ① Sufficient sleep is necessary for our bodies to recover. 充足的睡眠对我们身体的恢复是必要的。 ② We don’t have sufficient money to build the new lab. 我们没有足够的资金来建造新实验室。 9.launch vt. & n. 发射；发起；上市 背重点 背写作佳句 1) launch a rocket/satellite 发射火箭 / 卫星 2) launch a plan/campaign 发起计划 / 活动 ① Our country will launch a new satellite into space soon. 我国不久将向太空发射一颗新卫星。 ② They launched a project to explore the unknown area. 他们发起了一项探索未知领域的项目。 10. run out 用完；耗尽 背重点 背写作佳句 1) run out （物）用完，耗尽（无被动） 2) run out of sth （人）用完某物 ① Food and water will run out if we stay here too long. 如果在这里停留太久，食物和水将会耗尽。 ② I have run out of ink, so I can’t write anymore. 我的墨水用完了，没法继续书写了。 11.as a result 所以；结果 背重点 背写作佳句 1) as a result 结果，因此（单独使用） 2) as a result of 由于，因为 ①He stayed up late last night. As a result, he felt sleepy in class. 他昨晚熬夜了，结果上课昏昏欲睡。 ②As a result of great efforts, he finally realized his dream. 凭借不懈努力，他最终实现了梦想。 四．单元短语 1. 继续做；坚持干 2. 抱着…… 的希望 3. 为了；以便 4. 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 5. 弄懂；弄清楚 6. 导致；造成 7. 所以；结果（是） 8. 提供生活所需 9. 最后 10. 用完；耗尽 11. 太阳系；类太阳系 12. 采取措施 13. 把……和……连接或联结起来 24. 脱离；背叛；逃脱 五．单元佳句 1. 句式：现在分词作状语 + 定语从句 【教材】Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space, and scientists work hard to find answers. They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe. 仰望星空，人们一直渴望更多地了解太空，科学家们也在努力寻找答案。他们制造飞行器，把勇敢的人送入太空，去探索宇宙的奥秘。 2. 句式：定语从句 + 并列句 【教材】China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time. 中国的太空计划起步晚于俄罗斯和美国，但在短时间内取得了巨大的进步。 3. 句式：非限制性定语从句 【教材】As a result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population. 因此，太空科学帮助农业努力种植足够的粮食来养活地球上不断增长的人口。 4. 句式：被动语态 + 定语从句 【教材】High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration. 如今，世界各地的高端产品之所以能达到更高的标准，是因为先进的技术最初是为了满足太空探索的需求而创造的。 5. 句式：现在分词作状语 + 宾语从句 【教材】Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited. 看到我们的星球像黑海中的一座岛屿的照片，让人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。 6. 句式：不定式作目的状语 + 并列句 【教材】In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems. 总之，探索太空为世界带来了许多不同的好处。因此，这项探索应该继续下去，以便为人类的短期和长期问题提供新的、更好的解决方案。 六．单元语法 不定式（to do）作定语和状语 一、不定式作定语（Attribute） 不定式作定语，通常放在名词/代词后面，表示“将来的动作”或“被修饰名词的用途、内容”。 1. 用法分类 表“将来的动作”：表示尚未发生的动作 I have a meeting to attend.（我有一个要参加的会议） The next train to arrive is from Beijing.（下一列要到达的火车来自北京） 表“名词的用途/内容”： a chance to learn English（学习英语的机会） a way to solve the problem（解决问题的方法） 固定搭配中的不定式：当名词是ability, desire, need, plan等抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语 his ability to speak English（他说英语的能力） her desire to travel around the world（她环游世界的愿望） 2. 易错点提醒 当不定式作定语时，如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，后面需要加相应的介词： a house to live in（live是不及物动词，需加in） a pen to write with（write是不及物动词，需加with） 二、不定式作状语（Adverbial） 不定式作状语，主要用来表示目的、结果、原因，也可表示程度、条件等。 1. 状语类型与例句 目的状语 He got up early to catch the first bus. 他早起是为了赶上首班公交（表目的，可放句首，用逗号隔开） 结果状语 He woke up only to find the house empty.他醒来却发现房子空了（only to do 表示意外的结果） 原因状语 I’m glad to see you.见到你我很高兴（形容词后，表原因） 程度状语 The box is too heavy to carry. 这个箱子太重了，搬不动（too…to…结构） 条件状语 To be honest, I don’t like it.说实话，我不喜欢它（表条件） 2. 易错点提醒 目的状语和结果状语的区别： 目的状语：to do 表示“为了……”，动作是计划中的 结果状语：only to do 表示“结果却……”，动作是意外的 七．单元写作 太空探索议论文 本篇为议论文，围绕太空探索话题发表观点，语言严谨客观，以一般现在时为主，分点阐述观点，结合事实说明太空探索的意义与挑战。 [基本框架] 开头：引出太空探索话题，表明个人观点 主体：分点阐述理由（科技发展、人类进步、未来挑战等），补充相关事实 结尾：总结观点，呼吁理性看待太空探索，展望未来 [常用词块] space exploration 太空探索 outer space 外太空 space technology 航天技术 scientific research 科学研究 make great progress 取得巨大进步 face challenges 面对挑战 future development 未来发展 benefit human society 造福人类社会 universe mysteries 宇宙奥秘 China’s space program 中国航天事业 [常用语句] ★ 精彩开头 Space exploration has always been a hot topic around the world, and China’s achievements in this field have attracted wide attention. With the rapid development of technology, human beings are exploring outer space more actively than ever before. Some people think space exploration is a waste of money, while others believe it is necessary for human progress. ★ 正文佳句 Space exploration helps us learn more about the universe and solve mysteries that have puzzled humans for centuries. China’s space program has made great progress in recent years, showing our country’s strength in science and technology. Through space exploration, we can develop new technologies that also improve life on Earth, such as medical and environmental innovations. Space exploration also brings challenges, such as high costs and safety risks, but these are worth facing for the future of humanity. Studying other planets can help us understand Earth better and even find solutions to environmental problems we face today. ★ 余味结尾 Space exploration is not just about reaching new planets; it is about pushing the limits of human knowledge and possibility. China’s space exploration journey will continue, and we believe it will bring more benefits to our country and the whole world. Whether we support it or not, space exploration is a key part of human progress, and it will shape our future in many ways. We should keep exploring the universe bravely, as it holds endless possibilities for human beings. 你校英语报正在开展 “太空探索的意义” 主题征文活动，请你写一篇短文，发表对太空探索的看法，阐述其意义与价值。词数 80 左右。 My Views on Space Exploration Space exploration is one of the most exciting fields of scientific research today, and China’s achievements in this area have made the whole nation proud. In my opinion, space exploration is not only meaningful but also necessary for human progress. First of all, space exploration helps us uncover the mysteries of the universe. Through studying other planets and stars, we can learn more about the origin of the universe and the possibility of life beyond Earth. Secondly, space technology drives the development of new innovations. Many technologies used in our daily lives, such as GPS and medical imaging, come from space research. Thirdly, space exploration shows a country’s scientific and technological strength. China’s successful missions, such as sending astronauts to space and exploring Mars, prove our country’s growing power in this field. In conclusion, space exploration is a journey full of challenges, but it also brings great benefits to human society. We should support and encourage scientific research in this area, as it will lead us to a better and more advanced future. Unit 5 The Value Of Money 一、核心单词 1.basis n. 2.loan n. 3.apologise vi. 4.ignore vt. 5.judge vt. & vi. n. 6.sail vi. & vt. 7.spot vt. n. 8.sort n. 9.mining n. 10.patience n. 11.indicate vt. & vi. 12.postpone vt. 13.obligation n. 14.intention n. 15.extent n. 16.pursue vt. 17.duty n. 18.hesitate vi. 19.eventually adv. 20.manner n. 21.option n. 22.broad adj. 23.normal adj. n. 24.willing adj. 25.element n. 26.maintain vt. 27.permission n. 28.permit vt. & vi. 二、单词拓展 1. n. 基础 → basic adj. 基本的；基础的 → adv. 基本上；主要地 2. vi. 道歉 → apology n. 道歉；认错 → adj. 道歉的；愧疚的 3. vt. 忽视 → adj. 无知的；愚昧的 → n. 无知；愚昧 4. v. 判断；评判 → n. 判断；看法；判决 → adj. 司法的；法庭的 5. v. 叙述 → n. 叙述者；讲述者 → n. 叙述；讲述；解说 6. n. 耐心 → adj. 有耐心的 n. 病人 → adv. 耐心地 → adj. 不耐烦的；急躁的 7. v. 表明；显示 → n. 指示；迹象；标示 → adj. 指示的；陈述的 8. vt. 延迟；延期 → n. 延期；推迟 9. vt. 迫使；施恩惠于 → n. 义务；责任 → adj. 义务的；强制的 10. v. 打算；计划 → n. 意图；打算；目的 → adj. 故意的；有意的 → adv. 故意地 11. v. 延伸；扩展 → n. 程度；范围 → n. 扩展；延伸；延期 12. vi. 犹豫；迟疑 → n. 犹豫；迟疑 → adj. 犹豫的；迟疑的 → adv. 犹豫地 13. adj. 最后的；最终的 → adv. 最后；终于 14. v. 允许；准许 → n. 准许；许可；批准 → adj. 放任的；纵容的 15. adj. 正常的 → adv. 通常；正常地 → adj. 反常的；异常的 16. adj. 愿意的；乐意的 → adv. 愿意地；乐意地 → adj. 不愿意的；勉强的 → adv. 不情愿地 17. vt. 维持；保持 → n. 维护；保养；维持 18. vt. 迫使；施恩惠于 → n. 义务；责任 → adj. 义务的；强制的 19. adj. 外部的；外面的 → adv. 外部地；外表上 → adj. 内部的；里面的（反义词） 三、常考单词 1.apologise vi. 道歉；谢罪 背重点 背写作佳句 1) apologise to sb (for sth) （因某事）向某人道歉 2) apologise for doing sth 为做某事道歉 3) make an apology to sb 向某人道歉 ①It is polite to apologise when you have hurt someone’s feelings. 当你伤害了别人的感情时，道歉是一种礼貌。 ②He apologised to his friend for being late to the meeting. 他为开会迟到向朋友道歉。 2. ignore vt. 忽视；对…… 不予理会 背重点 背写作佳句 1) ignore sb/sth 忽视某人 / 某物 2) ignore the facts 无视事实 3) ignore the problem 回避问题 ① We cannot ignore the problem of pollution in modern society. 我们不能忽视现代社会的污染问题。 ② She ignored his advice and made a decision on her own. 她无视他的建议，自己做了决定。 3.judge vt. & vi. 评价；评判；判断 n. 法官；审判员；裁判员 背重点 背写作佳句 1) judge sb/sth by/from 以…… 来判断某人 / 某物 2) judge a person by his appearance 以貌取人 3) judging from/by 从…… 判断 ① We should never judge a person by their looks or social status. 我们永远不应该以貌取人，也不应该以社会地位评判他人。② Judging from his smile, he must have passed the exam. 从他的笑容来看，他一定通过了考试。 4.hesitate vi. 犹豫；迟疑；顾虑 背重点 背写作佳句 1) hesitate to do sth 犹豫做某事 2) hesitate about/over sth 对某事犹豫不决3) without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 ① Don’t hesitate to turn to your teachers for help when you are in trouble. 遇到困难时，不要犹豫向老师求助。 ② She hesitated for a moment before answering the difficult question. 她在回答这道难题前犹豫了一下。 5.indicate vt. & vi. 表明；显示；象征；暗示 背重点 背写作佳句 1) indicate that… 表明 / 显示…… 2) indicate sth to sb 向某人指出某事 3) indicate a change 预示变化 ①Research indicates that reading regularly improves our vocabulary and writing skills. 研究表明，定期阅读能提高我们的词汇量和写作能力。 ② The results of the test indicate that his health is improving. 测试结果表明他的健康状况正在好转。 6.maintain vt. 维持；保持；维修；保养 背重点 背写作佳句 1) maintain a good relationship with sb 与某人保持良好关系 2) maintain the balance of nature 保持生态平衡 3) maintain order 维持秩序 ①It is important to maintain a healthy work-life balance. 保持健康的工作与生活平衡非常重要。 ②The old building is carefully maintained by the workers every year. 工人们每年都精心维护这座古老的建筑。 7. pursue vt. 追求；致力于 背重点 背写作佳句 1) pursue one’s dream 追求梦想 2) pursue a career in… 从事…… 事业 3) pursue happiness 追求幸福 ①Everyone should have the courage to pursue their dreams, no matter how difficult it is. 每个人都应该有追求梦想的勇气，无论过程多么艰难。 ②She decided to pursue her studies in medicine at university. 她决定在大学里攻读医学。 8. permit vt. & vi. 允许；准许；使有可能 n. 许可证 背重点 背写作佳句 1) permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 2) permit doing sth 允许做某事 3) weather permitting 如果天气允许 ①The rules do not permit students to use mobile phones in the classroom. 规定不允许学生在教室里使用手机。 ②Her parents finally permitted her to go on the school trip. 她的父母最终允许她参加学校旅行。 9.obligation n. 义务；职责；责任 背重点 背写作佳句 1) have an obligation to do sth 有义务做某事 2) fulfil one’s obligation 履行义务 3) social obligation 社会责任 ① It is our obligation to protect the environment and keep our planet clean. 保护环境、保持地球清洁是我们的义务。 ② He felt it was his obligation to help the old man cross the street. 他觉得帮助老人过马路是他的责任。 10. intention n. 打算；计划；意图；目的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) have no intention of doing sth 无意做某事 2) with the intention of doing sth 怀着做某事的意图 3) good intentions 好意 ①I have no intention of giving up my dream, no matter what happens. 无论发生什么，我都无意放弃我的梦想。 ②He came here with the intention of apologising to her. 他来这里是为了向她道歉。 11. spot vt. 看见；发现 n. 地点；斑点；污迹 背重点 背写作佳句 1) spot sb/sth 突然看见 / 发现某人 / 某物 2) on the spot 在现场；当场 ① I spotted an old friend in the crowd just now. 我刚才在人群中看到了一位老朋友。 ② The police arrived on the spot right after the accident. 事故发生后，警方立刻抵达了现场。 12. postpone vt. 延迟；延期 背重点 背写作佳句 1) postpone doing sth 推迟做某事 2) postpone a meeting/trip 推迟会议 / 出行 ① We had to postpone the sports meeting because of the bad weather. 由于天气恶劣，我们不得不推迟运动会。 ② Don’t postpone today’s work till tomorrow. 不要把今日的工作拖到明天。 13. willing adj. 愿意的；乐意的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be willing to do sth 乐意做某事 2) be willing to help 乐于助人 ① Most people are willing to help others when they are in trouble. 大多数人都乐意帮助身处困境的人。 ② She is always willing to share her ideas with classmates. 她总是愿意和同学们分享自己的想法。 14. in case 以防；以防万一 背重点 背写作佳句 1) in case + 从句 以防，万一 2) in case of + 名词 / 短语 万一；假使 ① Take an umbrella with you in case it rains. 随身带一把伞，以防下雨。 ② You should prepare some medicine in case of emergency. 你应当准备一些药品，以防突发状况。 四．单元短语 1. 在某事的基础上；根据某事 2. 取得贷款 3. 作为回报；作为回应 4. 打个赌 5. 事实上；其实；说真的 6. 偶然地；意外地 7. 说实话；坦率地说 8. 应当 9. 即将或正要（做某事） 10. 以防；以防万一 11. 到…… 程度；在…… 程度上 12. 值班；值勤 13. 以一种…… 的方式；带着一副…… 的样子 14. 既然那样；假使那样的话 15. 愿意或乐意做某事 五．单元佳句 1. 句式：宾语从句（that引导） 【教材】Oliver believes that with a million-pound bank note a man could live a month in London. 奥利弗认为，一个人拿着一张百万英镑的钞票，是可以在伦敦生活一个月的。 2. 句式：宾语从句（省略that） 【教材】He didn’t believe Henry Adams had no money with him at all. 他不相信亨利·亚当斯身上一分钱也没有。 3. 句式：现在分词作结果状语 【教材】I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind, and the next morning I was spotted by a ship. 我被一阵强风刮到了海上，第二天早上，我被一艘船发现并救起。 4. 句式：定语从句（that引导） 【教材】This is the letter that will change Henry’s life forever. 这就是那封将彻底改变亨利一生的信。 5. 句式：并列句 + 宾语从句 【教材】He was so hungry that he decided to go into a tailor’s shop to buy a new suit. 他饿得不行，决定走进一家裁缝店买一套新衣服。 6. 句式：定语从句（that引导） 【教材】The owner of the shop thought Henry was a rich gentleman who only carried large bills. 店主以为亨利是一位只带大额钞票的有钱绅士。 六．单元语法 基本句型 专题一 情态动词（用法回顾） 一、基本特征 1. 本身无独立完整词义，不能单独作谓语，后面必须接动词原形。 2. 无人称、数的变化（need/dare 作实义动词除外）。 3. 主要表达说话人语气：能力、许可、推测、义务、建议、请求等。 二、常见情态动词核心用法 情态动词 核心用法 例句 can / could 1. 表现在 / 过去的能力； 2. 口语中表许可、请求； 3. 否定 / 疑问句中表推测（不可能）；could 语气更委婉，也表过去能力 I can swim.Could you pass me the book?That can't be Lucy. may / might 1. 正式场合表许可； 2. 表推测（可能性不大），might 可能性更低 May I sit here?It may rain this afternoon. must 1. 主观上 “必须、一定要”（表义务、命令）；2. 肯定推测（一定、准是，语气最强） You must follow the rules.The door is open, so he must be home. have to 客观情况导致 “不得不”，有人称、时态变化 I have to get up early every day. should / ought to 表建议、劝告、责任，意为 “应该”；ought to 侧重道德、义务 You should listen carefully.We ought to help others. shall 多用于一、二人称，征求对方意见、提建议 Shall we start now? will / would 表意愿、请求；would 为过去式，语气更委婉 Will you help me?Would you wait a minute? need 多用于否定、疑问句，表 “需要”；needn’t = 不必 You needn't worry. 三、重难点辨析（高频考点） 1. mustn’t vs needn’t mustn’t：禁止、不准（绝对不允许） needn’t：不必、用不着（没有必要） 考点：回答 Must I...? 问句，否定回答只用 needn’t / don’t have to，不用 mustn’t。 2. can 与 be able to can 仅有现在、过去两种形式，泛指能力； be able to 可用于所有时态，侧重“经过努力成功做成某事”。 3. 推测用法规则（必考） 肯定推测：must（肯定）＞ may/might（可能） 否定推测：只能用 can’t / couldn’t（不可能），严禁用 mustn’t。 专题二 过去将来时 一、定义 立足于过去的时间视角，表示从过去某一刻来看，即将发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句、间接引语中，主句谓语一般为过去时态。 二、四大基本结构（重难点） 结构 用法侧重 例句 would + 动词原形 通用结构，可表单纯将来、过去意愿 He said he would come. was/were going to + 动词原形 侧重过去已有的计划、打算 She told me she was going to travel. was/were to + 动词原形 侧重按安排、注定要发生（偏书面） They were to meet at the gate. was/were doing 仅用于位移动词（go/come/leave/arrive 等），表过去即将发生 He said he was leaving soon. 三、常用时间标志词 the next day, the following week, soon, later, after that, then 四、句式变化 1. 否定句：在 would/was/were 后加 not would not (wouldn’t) + 动词原形 was/were not going to + 动词原形 2. 一般疑问句：将 would / was / were 提到主语前 五、易混区分：一般将来时 & 过去将来时 1. 一般将来时：立足现在，描述当下之后要发生的动作 例：I will visit my friend. 2. 过去将来时：立足过去，描述过去视角下将要发生的动作 例：He said he would visit his friend. 七．单元写作 《百万英镑》剧本场景写作 本篇为剧本场景写作，改编《百万英镑》中的片段，语言符合角色身份，对话生动自然，时态以一般过去时为主，还原故事场景与人物性格。 [基本框架] 开头：介绍场景背景与出场人物 主体：编写角色对话与动作描写，展现人物冲突与性格特点 结尾：呈现场景的高潮与转折，呼应原著主题 [常用词块] play script 剧本 scene description 场景描写 character dialogue 角色对话 the Million Pound Bank Note 《百万英镑》 social status 社会地位 money and dignity 金钱与尊严 polite but cold 礼貌却冷淡 surprised and respectful 惊讶且恭敬 a large sum of money 一大笔钱 social prejudice 社会偏见 [常用语句] ★ 精彩开头 The scene takes place in a restaurant in London in the 19th century. The main character Henry walks in, hungry and in rags. It is a busy afternoon in a tailor’s shop. Henry, holding the million-pound note, steps in to buy a new suit. The setting is a fancy hotel dining room. The waiter looks down at Henry at first, but soon changes his attitude. ★ 正文佳句 The waiter looks at Henry’s worn clothes with a cold eye and leads him to a small corner table. When Henry takes out the million-pound note, everyone in the shop freezes in surprise. The tailor, who was rude just now, suddenly becomes very polite and offers Henry the best suit in the shop. Henry tries to explain that he can’t get change for the note, but the shop owner insists that he can have the suit for free. The scene shows how people’s attitudes change completely when they see a large amount of money. ★ 余味结尾 This short scene from the play shows the social prejudice against people based on their appearance and money. The contrast between the characters’ attitudes makes the story funny and thought-provoking at the same time. Through this scene, we can see Mark Twain’s criticism of the money-oriented society in his time. The play script brings the characters to life and makes the story’s message even clearer. 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1.His strong (决心) made him stick to training until he succeeded. 2.As a professional (运动员), he takes every competition seriously. 3.Don’t try to (作弊) in the game; honesty is above all. 4.After the serious injury, the player’s whole team seemed to (崩溃). 5.Regular exercise can build up your physical (力量). 6.The ancient sports star has become a national (传奇人物) to young people. 7.The doctor advised him to (停止；戒掉) drinking alcohol for the sake of health. 8.Many players got (受伤的) during the fierce marathon race. 9.It doesn’t (有道理) to give up when you are halfway to success. 10.Winning an Olympic (奖牌) is the lifelong goal of all athletes. 11.He was covered in (汗水) after finishing the 10,000-metre race. 12.She likes to (假装) to be calm while she is actually nervous before matches. 13.Keeping a (苗条的) figure needs long-term exercise and a healthy diet. 14.Top players from all over the country will (竞争) for the championship next month. 15.We should hold a (积极的) attitude towards failure in sports. 16.You (不必) stay for the extra training if you have already mastered the skills. 17.The coach announced that they (打算) to arrange a friendly match the following week. 18.Visitors (禁止) walk across the running track during training hours. 19.Doing sports regularly can make a great (影响) to people’s mental health. 20.The old athlete said he (将会) continue to coach young players after retirement. 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. (2025年全国一卷) But it’s (amaze) how you can adapt and learn in a new environment. 2. (2024·全国新高考I卷) But (equal) important is the mental aspect. 3. (2025浙江首考卷) Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive (solve) to one-time event dressing. 4. (2025年全国二卷) Last month, you kindly agreed to write an article about sports in Canada, and we’re all looking forward to (read) it. 5. (2025年全国乙卷) Flowers are everywhere-hanging baskets, window boxes, and planters-just what you imagine in an (attract) English market town. 6. (2024·全国新高考II卷) The Silk Road was a bridge between East and West, promoting(promote) cultural exchange and economic development. 7. (2023·全国新课标I卷) The soup dumplings, with their delicate wrappers and hot soup, are truly (taste). 8. (2023·全国新课标II卷) It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop and to see the pandas (settle) into their new home. 9. (2024·浙江1月卷) Traditional festivals are an important part of the (identify) of many communities around the world. 10. (2023·全国甲卷) It was a neighbor called Mario, coming to bring us a box (contain) some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. 11. (2022·全国乙卷) Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising (sharp). 12. (2023·浙江1月卷) Still, she made no attempt (fly). 13. (2024·全国甲卷) It is (courage) of her to stand up for what she believes in despite the challenges. 14. (2025·全国新高考I卷) The first person to (walk) on the moon was Neil Armstrong in 1969. 15. (2023·全国乙卷) Scientists are working hard (develop) new technologies for space exploration. 16. (2024·浙江6月卷) The city is known for its (diversity) culture, with people from many different backgrounds living together. 17. (2022·新高考I卷) The museum offers visitors a chance (experience) the rich history of the local culture. 18. (2023·新高考II卷) The story teaches us that true happiness cannot (buy) with money. 19. (2024·全国乙卷) Many people learn the importance of (save) money from a young age. 20. (2025·浙江6月卷) The Mid-Autumn Festival is a time for family (gather) and enjoying mooncakes together. 三、完成句子。 1. 我们都在期待春节假期的到来。 We are all the arrival of the Spring Festival holiday. 2. 这个节日最初是为了感谢神灵赐予丰收而庆祝的。 This festival . 3. 她下定决心要成为一名宇航员，探索宇宙的奥秘。 She . 4. 这座城市以其多元的文化和独特的建筑风格而闻名。 This city its diverse culture and unique architectural styles. 5. 科学家们正在努力寻找其他星球上生命存在的证据。 Scientists on other planets. 6. 这位医生毕生致力于帮助贫困地区的病人。 The doctor in poor areas. 7. 传统节日是我们文化遗产中不可或缺的一部分。 Traditional festivals are an essential part of our cultural heritage. 8. 太空探索技术的发展让人类登上月球成为了现实。 The development of space exploration technology 9. 我们应该学会平衡学习和休息，保持身心健康。 We should 10. 这次太空任务的成功是一个令人惊叹的成就。 The success of this space mission is . 11. 他的善良和慷慨激励了身边的每一个人。 His kindness and generosity . 12. 不同文化之间的交流有助于消除误解和偏见。 Exchanges between different cultures . 13. 博物馆为游客提供了体验当地丰富历史的机会。 The museum . 14. 作为一名高中生，我必须学会承担更多的责任。 As a high school student, . 15. 金钱买不来健康、幸福和真挚的友谊。 Money . 16. 春节期间，人们会装饰房屋，贴上红色的春联。 During the Spring Festival, . 17. 我们应该尊重并保护各民族的传统习俗。 We . 18. 他是第一个提出这个大胆太空探索计划的科学家。 He was . 19. 养成存钱的好习惯能帮助我们应对未来的突发情况。 can help us deal with unexpected situations in the future. 20. 食物短缺是当时许多人面临的严重问题。 was a serious problem faced by many people at that time. 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 53 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 必修第三册 单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit1 Festivals And Celebration 一、核心单词 1. congratulation n. 祝贺；恭喜 2. congratulate vt. 向（某人）道贺；（因某事）为自己感到自豪 3. ceremony n. 典礼；仪式 4. range n. 一系列；范围；界限 vi. 包括；（在一定范围内）变化 5. origin n. 起源；起因；出身 6. religion n. 宗教；宗教信仰 7. figure n. 人物；数字；身材 vt. 认为；认定 8. charm n. 魅力；迷人的特征；咒语 9. joyful adj. 高兴的；快乐的 10. gratitude n. 感激之情；感谢 11. harvest n. 收获季节；收获；收成 vi. & vt. 收割（庄稼）；捕猎（动物、鱼） 12. gather vi. 聚集；集合；前夕 vt. 聚集；搜集；收割 13. grateful adj. 感激的；表示感谢的 14. feature vt. 以……为特色 n. 特色；特征；特点 15. decorate vt. 装饰；装潢 16. significant adj. 有重大意义的；显著的 17. fade vi. & vt. 逐渐消失；（使）褪色；（身体）变得虚弱 18. typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的；平常的 19. commercial adj. 商业（化）的；以获利为目的的 20. reflect vi. 显示；反映；反射 21. belief n. 信仰；信心；信任 22. faith n. 宗教信仰；信任；相信 23. occasion n. 特别的事情（或仪式、庆典）；（适当的）机会 24. frank adj. 坦率的；直率的 25. autonomous adj. 自治的；有自治权的 26. region n. 地区；区域；地带 27. represent vt. 象征；代表；相当于 28. absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地 29. respect n. & vt. 尊敬；尊重 二、单词拓展 1. joy n. 高兴；喜悦 → joyful adj. 高兴的；快乐的 → joyfully adv. 高兴地；快乐地 2. religion n. 宗教；宗教信仰 → religious adj. 宗教的；笃信宗教的 → religiously adv. 虔诚地；认真地 3. decorate vt. 装饰；装潢 → decoration n. 装饰；装潢；装饰品 → decorative adj. 装饰性的；装潢的 4. significance n. 重要性；意义 → significant adj. 有重大意义的；显著的 → significantly adv. 显著地；重要地 5. fade vi. & vt. 逐渐消失；（使）褪色 → faded adj. 已褪色的；凋谢的 → fading adj. 逐渐消失的；褪色的 6. commerce n. 商业；贸易 → commercial adj. 商业（化）的；以获利为目的的 → commercialise vt. 使商业化；利用……牟利 → commercialisation n. 商业化 7. reflect vi. 显示；反映；反射 → reflection n. 反射；反映；思考 → reflective adj. 反射的；深思的 8. believe vt. & vi. 相信；认为 → belief n. 信仰；信心；信任 → believable adj. 可信的 9. faith n. 宗教信仰；信任；相信 → faithful adj. 忠实的；忠诚的 → faithfully adv. 忠实地；真诚地 10. atmosphere n. 气氛；氛围；大气 → atmospheric adj. 大气的；有气氛的 11. grateful adj. 感激的；表示感谢的 → gratitude n. 感激之情；感谢 → gratefully adv. 感激地；感谢地 12. agriculture n. 农业；农艺 → agricultural adj. 农业（劳动/生产）的 → agriculturally adv. 农业上；从农业角度 13. gather vi. 聚集；集合 vt. 聚集；搜集；收割 → gathering n. 集会；聚会；聚集 14. origin n. 起源；起因；出身 → original adj. 原始的；最初的；独创的 → originally adv. 最初；起初；原来 15. feature vt. 以……为特色 n. 特色；特征；特点 → featured adj. 被作为特色的；特写的 16. represent vt. 象征；代表；相当于 → representation n. 代表；表现；象征 → representative adj. 典型的；有代表性的 n. 代表；代理人 17. frank adj. 坦率的；直率的 → frankly adv. 坦率地；直率地；坦白说 → frankness n. 坦率；直率 18. absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地 → absolute adj. 绝对的；完全的；纯粹的 19. brief adj. 简洁的；简单的；短暂的 → briefly adv. 短暂地；简短地；简要地 → brevity n. 简洁；简短 20. horrible adj. 令人震惊的；恐怖的；极坏的 → horror n. 恐怖；恐惧；可怕的事物 → horribly adv. 可怕地；恐怖地；非常 21.religion n. 宗教；宗教信仰 → religious adj. 宗教的；笃信宗教的 → religiously adv. 虔诚地；认真地 22.respect n. & vt. 尊敬；尊重 → respectful adj. 恭敬的；有礼貌的 → respectable adj. 体面的；值得尊敬的 → respectively adv. 分别地；各自地 23.pleased adj. 高兴的；满意的 → please vt. 使高兴；使满意 → pleasure n. 愉快；快乐；乐事 → pleasant adj. 令人愉快的；舒适的 24.region n. 地区；区域；地带 → regional adj. 地区的；区域的 → regionally adv. 地区性地；局部地 25.occasion n. 特别的事情；机会 → occasional adj. 偶尔的；偶然的 → occasionally adv. 偶尔；有时候 26.medium n. 媒介；手段；方法 adj. 中等的；中号的 → (pl. media) 大众传播媒介 27.typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的；平常的 → typically adv. 典型地；通常；一向 → typicality n. 典型性；特征 三、常考单词 1. congratulate vt. 向（某人）道贺；（因某事）为自己感到自豪 背重点 背写作佳句 1) congratulate sb. on sth. 因某事向某人祝贺 2) congratulation n. 祝贺；恭喜 3) congratulations to sb. 向某人表示祝贺 ① We all congratulated her on winning the first prize in the speech competition.（记叙文 / 场景描写）我们都祝贺她在演讲比赛中获得一等奖。 ② Congratulations to all the graduates on this special day!（应用文 / 贺词）在这个特别的日子里，祝贺所有毕业生！ 2.decorate vt. 装饰；装潢 背重点 背写作佳句 1) decorate ... with ... 用…… 装饰…… 2) decoration n. 装饰；装潢；装饰品 3) decorative adj. 装饰性的；装潢的 ① The whole family worked together to decorate the house for the Spring Festival.（记叙文 / 节日场景）全家人一起为春节装饰房子。 ② The Christmas tree was decorated with colorful lights and beautiful gifts.（读后续写 / 景物描写）圣诞树被装饰着彩灯和漂亮的礼物。 3.significant adj. 有重大意义的；显著的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) significance n. 重要性；意义 2) 2) be significant to 对…… 有重要意义3) significantly adv. 显著地；重要地 ① The Spring Festival is the most significant festival in Chinese culture.（说明文 / 议论文）春节是中国文化中最重要的节日。② The new policy has brought significant changes to people’s lives.（议论文 / 观点表达）这项新政策给人们的生活带来了显著的变化。 4. reflect vi. 显示；反映；反射 背重点 背写作佳句 1) reflect on/upon sth. 反思；思考某事 2) reflect sb.’s feelings/thoughts 反映某人的情感 / 想法 3) reflection n. 反射；反映；思考 ① The traditional festival customs reflect the values and beliefs of the local people.（说明文 / 文化话题）传统节日习俗反映了当地人的价值观和信仰。 ② After the competition, she took some time to reflect on her performance.（记叙文 / 成长故事）比赛结束后，她花了一些时间反思自己的表现。 5. faith n. 宗教信仰；信任；相信 背重点 背写作佳句 1) have faith in sb./sth. 信任 / 相信某人 / 某事 2) lose faith in 对…… 失去信心 3) faithful adj. 忠实的；忠诚的 ① People in different regions have different faiths and beliefs about festivals.（说明文 / 文化话题）不同地区的人们对节日有着不同的信仰和看法。 ② As long as we have faith in ourselves, we can overcome any difficulty.（议论文 / 励志话题）只要我们对自己有信心，就能克服任何困难。 6. grateful adj. 感激的；表示感谢的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事对某人表示感激 2) gratitude n. 感激之情；感谢 3) gratefully adv. 感激地；感谢地 ① I am deeply grateful to my family for their support and love.（记叙文 / 情感描写）我非常感激家人的支持和爱。 ② The villagers expressed their gratitude to the volunteers who helped rebuild their homes.（读后续写 / 场景描写）村民们向帮助重建家园的志愿者表达了感激之情。 7.represent vt. 象征；代表；相当于 背重点 背写作佳句 1) represent ... as ... 把…… 描绘成…… 2) representative adj. 典型的；有代表性的 n. 代表 3) representation n. 代表；表现；象征 ① The dragon is a symbol that represents power and good luck in Chinese culture.（说明文 / 文化话题）龙在中国文化中是代表权力和好运的象征。 ② As the class monitor, I will represent our class at the school meeting.（记叙文 / 身份描写）作为班长，我将代表我们班参加学校会议。 8. absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地 背重点 背写作佳句 1) absolute adj. 绝对的；完全的；纯粹的2) absolutely right/wrong 完全正确 / 错误 3) absolutely necessary 绝对必要 ① It is absolutely necessary to respect different cultures and traditions.（议论文 / 观点表达）尊重不同的文化和传统是绝对必要的。 ② “This is absolutely the best festival I have ever celebrated!” she said excitedly.（记叙文 / 对话描写）“这绝对是我庆祝过的最棒的节日！” 她兴奋地说。 9. brief adj. 简洁的；简单的；短暂的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) in brief 简言之；简单地说 2) briefly adv. 短暂地；简短地；简要地 3) a brief introduction 简短的介绍 ① The teacher asked us to give a brief introduction to our favorite festival.（记叙文 / 课堂场景）老师让我们简单介绍一下自己最喜欢的节日。 ②In brief, the festival is a time for family reunion and thanksgiving.（说明文 / 观点总结）简言之，这个节日是家庭团聚和感恩的时刻。 10.respect n. & vt. 尊敬；尊重 背重点 背写作佳句 1) respect sb. for sth. 因某事尊敬某人 2) show respect for 对…… 表示尊重 3) respectful adj. 恭敬的；有礼貌的 ① We should respect different cultures and customs when traveling abroad.（议论文 / 观点表达）出国旅行时，我们应该尊重不同的文化和习俗。 ② The old man was respected by everyone in the village for his kindness and wisdom.（记叙文 / 人物描写）这位老人因善良和智慧受到村里所有人的尊敬。 11.celebration n. 庆祝；庆典 背重点 背写作佳句 1) celebrate vt. 庆祝；庆贺 2) hold a celebration 举行庆祝活动 3) celebratory adj. 庆祝的；庆典的 ① The whole town held a grand celebration to welcome the new year.（记叙文 / 节日场景）全镇举行了盛大的庆祝活动来迎接新年。 ② The Mid-Autumn Festival is a celebration of family reunion and harvest.（说明文 / 文化话题）中秋节是一个庆祝家庭团聚和丰收的节日。 12. gather vi. 聚集；集合 vt. 聚集；搜集；收割 背重点 背写作佳句 1) gather together 聚集在一起 2) gather information 搜集信息 3) gathering n. 集会；聚会 ① On New Year’s Eve, all family members gather together to have a big dinner.（记叙文 / 节日场景）除夕夜，所有家庭成员聚在一起吃一顿丰盛的晚餐。 ② The students gathered at the school gate to prepare for the field trip.（记叙文 / 校园场景）学生们在学校门口集合，准备去实地考察。 13. origin n. 起源；起因；出身 背重点 背写作佳句 1) the origin of ... …… 的起源 2) original adj. 原始的；最初的；独创的 3) originally adv. 最初；起初；原来 ① Many traditional festivals have their origins in ancient agricultural activities.（说明文 / 文化话题）许多传统节日起源于古代的农业活动。 ② We are still not sure about the exact origin of this custom.（议论文 / 观点表达）我们仍然不确定这个习俗的确切起源。 14.commercial adj. 商业（化）的；以获利为目的的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) commercialisation n. 商业化 2) commercialise vt. 使商业化；利用…… 牟利 3) commercial purpose 商业目的 ① Some people worry that festivals are becoming too commercial these days.（议论文 / 观点表达）有些人担心如今节日变得过于商业化。 ② The holiday season is a very commercial time for many businesses.（说明文 / 社会话题）对许多企业来说，节日季是一个非常商业化的时期。 15.fade vi. & vt. 逐渐消失；（使）褪色；（身体）变得虚弱 背重点 背写作佳句 1) fade away 逐渐消失；（使）变得虚弱2) fade out 逐渐淡出；消失 3) faded adj. 已褪色的；凋谢的 ① As time passed, the old traditions began to fade away in some places.（说明文 / 文化话题）随着时间的推移，一些地方的古老传统开始逐渐消失。 ② The sound of the music faded away as the parade went further down the street.（读后续写 / 场景描写）随着游行队伍沿街走远，音乐声渐渐消失了。 16.typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的；平常的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be typical of 是…… 的典型特征 2) typically adv. 典型地；通常；一向 3) typical example 典型例子 ① Eating mooncakes is a typical custom of the Mid-Autumn Festival.（说明文 / 文化话题）吃月饼是中秋节的典型习俗。② It is typical of him to arrive early and help prepare for the party.（记叙文 / 人物描写）早到并帮忙准备派对是他的一贯作风。 17.occasion n. 特别的事情（或仪式、庆典）；（适当的）机会 背重点 背写作佳句 1) on this/that occasion 在这 / 那种场合2) on special occasions 在特殊场合 3) occasional adj. 偶尔的；偶然的 ① She wore her best dress for the special occasion of her sister’s wedding.（记叙文 / 场景描写）她在姐姐婚礼这个特殊场合穿上了自己最好的裙子。 ② It’s important to know how to behave properly on different occasions.（议论文 / 观点表达）知道在不同场合如何得体表现很重要。 18.atmosphere n. 气氛；氛围；（地球的）大气（层） 背重点 背写作佳句 1) a friendly/warm atmosphere 友好 / 温暖的氛围 2) create an atmosphere of 营造…… 的氛围 3) atmospheric adj. 大气的；有气氛的 ① The Christmas lights and music created a warm and joyful atmosphere in the street.（读后续写 / 景物描写）圣诞彩灯和音乐在街上营造出温暖欢快的气氛。 ② The classroom had a relaxed atmosphere, which made it easy for students to ask questions.（记叙文 / 校园场景）教室里气氛轻松，学生们很容易提出问题。 19.gratitude n. 感激之情；感谢 背重点 背写作佳句 1) express one’s gratitude to sb. 向某人表达感激之情 2) show gratitude for 对…… 表示感谢 3) grateful adj. 感激的；表示感谢的 ① Thanksgiving is a holiday to express gratitude to family and friends.（说明文 / 文化话题）感恩节是一个向家人和朋友表达感激的节日。 ② The little boy gave the old man a flower to show his gratitude.（读后续写 / 情感描写）小男孩送给老人一朵花来表达他的感激之情。 20.belief n. 信仰；信心；信任 背重点 背写作佳句 1) have a belief in 相信；对…… 有信念 2) hold the belief that 认为…… 3) believe vt. & vi. 相信；认为 ① Many festivals are based on ancient beliefs about nature and the seasons.（说明文 / 文化话题）许多节日都基于古代关于自然和季节的信仰。 ② She held the belief that hard work would lead to success in the end.（记叙文 / 人物描写）她坚信努力工作最终会带来成功 四．单元短语 1. dress (sb) up 穿上盛装；装扮 2. congratulate sb. on sth. 因某事向某人祝贺 3. after all 毕竟；别忘了 4. range from ... to ... 包括从……到……之间 5. fade away 逐渐消失；（使）变得虚弱 6. in spite of 不管；尽管 7. take advantage of 利用；欺骗；占……的便宜 8. the media 大众传播媒介 9. have sth in common （兴趣、想法等方面）相同；有相同的特征 10. go off 爆炸；走火；离开 11. except for 除……之外 12. set off 出发；动身；启程 13. to be frank 坦白说；坦率地说 五．单元佳句 1. 句式：让步状语从句 【教材】However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common in all festivals. 然而，无论它们看起来多么不同，分享喜悦、感恩、爱或和平的精神在全世界所有节日中都是共通的。 2. 句式：with复合结构作伴随状语 【教材】Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. 节日正变得越来越商业化，商家们正利用这些庆祝活动获利。 3. 句式：定语从句（which引导） 【教材】Naadam means “games” in Mongolian, and it is represented by three events: horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch! 那达慕在蒙古语中意为“游戏”，它由三项活动代表：赛马、摔跤和射箭，每一项都非常精彩！ 4. 句式：形式宾语it结构 【教材】Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. 网购网站和社交媒体应用让公众更容易为所爱的人购买更多礼物。 5. 句式：as if引导方式状语从句 【教材】The competitors danced onto the green field, waving their arms in the air as if they were eagles. 选手们跳着舞来到场地上，在空中挥舞着手臂，仿佛雄鹰一般。 6. 句式：宾语从句（where/who/what引导） 【教材】They help us understand where we came from, who we are, and what to appreciate. 它们帮助我们理解我们来自哪里、我们是谁，以及应该珍惜什么。 六．单元语法 现在分词（-ing 形式）作定语和表语 一、现在分词作定语 本质上相当于一个主动语态的定语从句，用来修饰名词，表示： 主动 / 正在进行的动作 事物本身的性质、特征 1. 位置规则 类型 位置 例句 解析 单个现在分词 放在名词前 a running boy the rising sun 修饰 boy 和 sun，表主动 / 正在进行 现在分词短语 放在名词后（后置定语） The girl singing in the classroom is my sister. 相当于定语从句：who is singing in the classroom 2. 用法分类 表 “主动 / 正在进行”：表示名词正在发出的动作 The boiling water is too hot to drink.（正在沸腾的水） The people waiting for the bus are my classmates.（正在等公交的人们） 表 “事物的性质 / 特征”：此时分词已形容词化，描述事物给人的感觉 an interesting book（有趣的书，表特征） a surprising result（令人惊讶的结果，表特征） 3. 易错点提醒 现在分词作定语表主动，过去分词（-ed）作定语表被动 / 完成，注意区分： a developing country（发展中国家，正在发展，主动） a developed country（发达国家，已经发展，完成） 二、现在分词作表语（Predicative） 现在分词作表语，放在系动词（be, become, get, remain 等）后面，用来描述主语的性质、状态或特征，此时的分词大多已形容词化。 1. 用法分类 描述事物的特征：多以 ing 结尾，译为 “令人…… 的” The news is exciting.（这消息令人兴奋） The film is moving.（这部电影很感人） 描述主语的状态 / 动作：此时的 ing 仍保留一定的动作意味，相当于进行时态 The problem is puzzling.（这个问题令人困惑） The situation is worsening.（情况正在恶化） 2. 易错点提醒 现在分词作表语时，主语通常是事物，表示事物的性质；过去分词（-ed）作表语时，主语通常是人，表示人的感受： I am excited about the news.（我对这消息感到兴奋） The news is exciting.（这消息令人兴奋） 七．单元写作 节日 / 庆祝经历记叙文 本篇为记叙文，记述一次节日或庆典的亲身经历，侧重场景描写与情感表达。语言生动自然，以一般过去时为主，用第一人称讲述经历，传递节日的温暖与文化内涵。 [基本框架] 开头：点明节日背景与写作缘由，引出核心事件 主体：按时间顺序描述经历的关键细节（准备过程、活动场景、个人感受） 结尾：升华主题，表达节日带来的感悟与回忆 [常用词块] traditional festival 传统节日 family reunion 阖家团圆 put up couplets/paper-cuts 贴春联 / 剪纸 set off fireworks 燃放烟花 folk performances 民俗表演 festive atmosphere 节日氛围 local customs 地方习俗 taste traditional snacks 品尝传统小吃 gather with relatives 与亲友团聚 inherit cultural traditions 传承文化传统 [常用语句] ★ 精彩开头 The Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival in China, and this year’s celebration left me with the sweetest memories. Last Mid-Autumn Festival, I spent the day with my grandparents in the countryside, and it turned out to be an unforgettable experience. Festivals are the warmest moments in life, and the Dragon Boat Festival I spent with my family is one I will never forget. ★ 正文佳句 Early in the morning, my grandma and I started making zongzi together, chatting and laughing while wrapping the glutinous rice with bamboo leaves. As the night fell, the whole family sat around the table, eating mooncakes and admiring the full moon hanging high in the sky. The sound of firecrackers and the smell of homemade dumplings filled the house, making every corner feel warm and festive. We walked through the crowded streets, watching colorful lanterns light up the night sky and guessing riddles written on them. I felt so warm and happy to be surrounded by my family, even the simplest activities became precious memories. ★ 余味结尾 This festival experience taught me that the true meaning of celebrations lies not in grand events, but in the time we spend with the people we love. Those warm moments will stay in my heart forever, reminding me of the beauty of family and tradition. Every festival is a chance to create new memories, and this experience has become my favorite story to tell. Festivals connect generations and carry our culture, and I will always cherish these sweet moments. 假定你是李华，你的外国笔友 Peter 对中国传统节日很感兴趣，请你写一篇短文，向他介绍一次你印象深刻的节日经历，包括活动、场景和个人感受。词数 80 左右。 An Unforgettable Lantern Festival The Lantern Festival is a lively traditional festival that marks the end of the Spring Festival, and this year’s celebration with my family in the old town became my most unforgettable memory. Early in the afternoon, my parents and I walked through the crowded streets, where every shop was decorated with colorful lanterns. We stopped at a small stall to buy paper lanterns and sweet glutinous rice balls, and I even tried to guess riddles written on the lanterns, winning a small rabbit-shaped toy as a prize. As the sun went down, the lanterns along the river lit up one by one, turning the water into a sea of light. We sat by the bank, eating the warm rice balls and watching people release sky lanterns into the night sky. The soft light of the lanterns and the sound of children’s laughter made the whole night feel like a dream. This Lantern Festival experience taught me that the magic of festivals comes from the little, warm moments shared with family. Those glowing lanterns and sweet rice balls are not just part of the tradition, but also the sweetest memories I will keep forever. Unit 2 Morals And Virtues 一、核心单词 1. moral adj. 道德的；道义上的 n. 品行；道德；寓意 2. virtue n. 高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质 3. dilemma n. 进退两难的境地；困境 4. faint vi. 昏倒；晕厥 adj. 不清楚的；微弱的 5. illustrate vt. （举例）说明；阐明；给（书或文章）加插图 6. precious adj. 珍稀的；宝贵的 7. majority n. 大部分；大多数 8. complain vi. & vt. 抱怨；发牢骚 9. respond vi. 做出反应；回应 vt. 回答；回复 10. response n. 反应；回答；回复 11. hire vt. 聘任；雇用；租用 n. 租借；租用 12. physician n. 医师；（尤指）内科医生 13. colleague n. 同事；同僚 14. reject vt. 拒绝接受；不录用 15. appoint vt. 任命；委派 16. elect vt. 选举；推选 17. election n. 选举；推选；当选 18. tend vi. 照顾；倾向；趋于 19. publish vt. 发表（作品）；出版 20. staff n. 员工；全体职员 21. retire vi. & vt. 退休；退职；退出 22. saving n. 节省物；节省；节约；[pl.] 储蓄金；存款 23. principle n. 道德原则；法则；原则 24. passive adj. 被动的；顺从的 25. sharp adj. （增长、下跌等）急剧的；锋利的；明显的 26. insurance n. 保险；保险业 27. energetic adj. 精力充沛的；充满活力的 28. replace vt. 接替；取代；更换 29. accident n. 事故；车祸；失事 30. operation n. 手术；企业；经营 31. import n. 进口；进口商品 /ɪmˈpɔːt/ vt. 进口；输入；引进 32. export n. 出口；出口商品 /ɪkˈspɔːt/ vt. 出口；输出；传播 33. assist vt. 帮助；援助 34. disguise vt. 装扮；假扮；掩盖 n. 伪装；化装用具 35. spill vi. & vt. (spilt/spilled) （使）洒出；（使）溢出 36. despair n. 绝望 vi. 绝望；感到无望 37. harm n. & vt. 伤害；损害 38. flexible adj. 灵活的；可变通的；可变通的 39. income n. 收入；收益 40. tension n. 紧张关系；紧张；焦虑 二、单词拓展 1. protect vt. 保护；防护 → protection n. 保护；防护 → protective adj. 保护的；防护的 2. endanger vt. 使遭受危险；危及 → endangered adj. 濒危的；濒临灭绝的→ danger n. 危险→ dangerous adj. 危险的 3. species n. 物种；种类 → （单复数同形，常用搭配：endangered species 濒危物种） 4. habitat n. （动植物的）生活环境；栖息地 → habitation n. 居住；住所 5. threat n. 威胁 → threaten vt. 威胁；危及 → threatening adj. 威胁的；恐吓的 6. exist vi. 存在；生存 → existence n. 存在；生存 → existing adj. 现存的；现行的 7. adapt vi. 适应 vt. 使适应；使适合 → adaptation n. 适应；改编本 → adaptable adj. 能适应的；适应性强的 8. measure vt. 测量；度量 n. 措施；方法 → measurement n. 测量；尺寸 → measurable adj. 可测量的；显著的 9. observe vt. 观察（到）；注视；遵守 → observation n. 观察；观测 → observer n. 观察者；观测者 10. remind vt. 提醒；使想起 → reminder n. 提醒物；提示 11. adapt vi. 适应 vt. 使适应；使适合 → adaptation n. 适应；改编本 → adaptable adj. 能适应的；适应性强的 12. effective adj. 有效的；生效的 → effect n. 效果；影响 → effectively adv. 有效地 13. recover vi. 恢复；康复 vt. 找回；寻回 → recovery n. 恢复；康复 14. intend vi. & vt. 打算；计划；想要 → intention n. 意图；打算 → intentional adj. 故意的；有意的 15. reduce vt. 减少 → reduction n. 减少；降低 16. harm vt. 伤害；损害 → harmful adj. 有害的 → harmless adj. 无害的 17. alarm vt. 使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 → alarming adj. 惊人的；使人惊恐的 → alarmed adj. 惊恐的；担心的 18. extinct adj. 已灭绝的 → extinction n. 灭绝 19. illegal adj. 不合法的；非法的 → illegally adv. 不合法地；非法地 → legal adj. 合法的（反义词） 20. hunt vt. & vi. 打猎；搜寻；追捕 → hunter n. 猎人 → hunting n. 打猎；狩猎 21. shoot vt. & vi. 射杀；射伤；发射 → shot n. 射击；开枪；镜头 22. attack n., vi. & vt. 攻击；抨击 → attacker n. 攻击者；袭击者 23. destroy vt. 破坏；摧毁 → destruction n. 破坏；毁灭 → destructive adj. 破坏性的；毁灭性的 24. affect vt. 影响；使改变 → effect n. 影响；效果 → effective adj. 有效的 25. concern vt. 涉及；让……担忧 → concerned adj. 担心的；有关的 → concerning prep. 关于 26. living adj. 活着的；活的 → live v. 居住；生存 adj. 活的；现场直播的 → alive adj. 活着的；有活力的 27. press vt. 压；按；催促 → pressure n. 压力；压迫 → pressing adj. 紧迫的；迫切的 28. opinion n. 意见；看法 → opinionated adj. 固执己见的（派生词） 29. pollute vt. 污染 → pollution n. 污染 → polluted adj. 被污染的 30. recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用 → recycling n. 回收利用 → recyclable adj. 可回收利用的 三、常考单词 1.protect vt. 保护；防护 背重点 背写作佳句 1) protect ... from/against ... 保护…… 免受…… 2) protection n. 保护；防护 3) protective adj. 保护的；防护的 ① We should take action to protect endangered animals from being killed.（议论文）我们应该采取行动保护濒危动物免遭杀害。 ② The thick fur of the animal is protective against the cold weather.（说明文）这种动物的厚皮毛能抵御寒冷天气。 2.adapt vi. 适应 vt. 使适应；使适合 背重点 背写作佳句 1) adapt (oneself) to ... 使（自己）适应…… 2) adapt ... for ... 为…… 改编 / 改造…… 3) adaptation n. 适应；改编本 ① It takes time for animals to adapt to the changing environment.（说明文）动物适应不断变化的环境需要时间。 ② The novel was adapted into a popular film for young audiences.这部小说被改编成了一部深受年轻观众喜爱的电影。 3.observe vt. 观察（到）；注视；遵守 背重点 背写作佳句 1) observe sb. do/doing sth. 观察某人做某事 / 正在做某事 2) observe the rules 遵守规则 3) observation n. 观察；观测 ① Scientists have been observing the behaviour of pandas in the wild for years.科学家们多年来一直在野外观察大熊猫的行为。 ② It is important to observe traffic rules when driving.（议论文）开车时遵守交通规则很重要。 4.remind vt. 提醒；使想起 背重点 背写作佳句 1) remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事 2) remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 3) reminder n. 提醒物；提示 ① The old photo reminds me of my happy childhood with my grandparents.（记叙文）这张旧照片让我想起了和祖父母在一起的快乐童年。 ② Please remind me to take my medicine before I leave.（应用文）请提醒我离开前吃药。 5.threaten vt. 威胁；危及 背重点 背写作佳句 1) threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事 2) be threatened by 受到…… 的威胁 3) threat n. 威胁 ① The wild animals are threatened by illegal hunting and habitat loss.（议论文）野生动物受到非法捕猎和栖息地丧失的威胁。② The dark clouds threatened a heavy rain, so we decided to stay at home.（记叙文）乌云预示着要下大雨，所以我们决定待在家里。 6.exist vi. 存在；生存 背重点 背写作佳句 1) exist in 存在于…… 之中 2) exist on 靠…… 生存 3) existence n. 存在；生存 ① Many rare species exist only in remote areas of the rainforest.（说明文）许多稀有物种只存在于热带雨林的偏远地区。 ② The ancient custom still exists in some parts of the country today.（议论文）这种古老的习俗今天仍在该国的一些地区存在。 7.reduce vt. 减少；降低 背重点 背写作佳句 1) reduce ... by ... 减少了…… 2) reduce ... to ... 减少到…… 3) reduction n. 减少；降低 ① We can reduce pollution by using clean energy and recycling waste.（议论文）我们可以通过使用清洁能源和回收垃圾来减少污染。 ② The company has reduced the price of its products to attract more customers.（说明文）该公司降低了产品价格以吸引更多顾客。 8.effective adj. 有效的；生效的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) effective measures 有效措施2) take effective action 采取有效行动3) effectively adv. 有效地 ① The government has taken effective measures to protect the environment.（议论文）政府已采取有效措施保护环境。② This medicine is effective in treating the disease.（说明文）这种药对治疗这种病很有效。 9.recover vi. 恢复；康复 vt. 找回；寻回 背重点 背写作佳句 1) recover from ... 从…… 中恢复 / 康复2) recover one’s health 恢复健康3) recovery n. 恢复；康复 ① It took her a long time to recover from the serious illness.（记叙文）她花了很长时间才从重病中康复过来。② The police are trying to recover the stolen artworks.（说明文）警方正试图找回被盗的艺术品。 10.intend vi. & vt. 打算；计划；想要 背重点 背写作佳句 1) intend to do sth. 打算 / 计划做某事2) be intended for 为…… 准备 / 设计的3) intention n. 意图；打算 ① I intend to spend my summer vacation volunteering at the wildlife reserve.（记叙文）我打算暑假去野生动物保护区做志愿者。② The course is intended for students who want to improve their English writing skills.（说明文）这门课是为想提高英语写作能力的学生开设的。 11.alarm vt. 使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be alarmed by/at 因…… 而惊恐 / 担心2) alarming adj. 惊人的；使人惊恐的3) raise the alarm 发出警报 ① Many people are alarmed by the alarming rate of species loss.（议论文）物种消失的惊人速度让很多人感到担忧。② The loud noise alarmed the birds, and they flew away in all directions.（读后续写 / 场景描写）巨大的声响惊动了鸟儿，它们四散飞去。 12.extinct adj. 已灭绝的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) become extinct 灭绝2) on the brink of extinction 濒临灭绝3) extinction n. 灭绝 ① If we don’t act now, many more species will become extinct forever.如果我们现在不行动，更多物种将永远灭绝。 ② The dodo bird is an example of a species that went extinct due to human activity.渡渡鸟就是因人类活动而灭绝的物种例子。 13.hunt vt. & vi. 打猎；搜寻；追捕 背重点 背写作佳句 1) hunt for 搜寻；寻找 2) go hunting 去打猎 3) hunter n. 猎人 ① Illegal hunting is one of the main reasons why many animals are endangered.非法捕猎是许多动物濒危的主要原因之一。 ② The police are hunting for the person who stole the rare animal from the zoo.警方正在搜寻从动物园偷走珍稀动物的人。 14. shoot vt. & vi. 射杀；射伤；发射 背重点 背写作佳句 1) shoot at 向…… 射击 2) shoot down 击落；驳倒 3) shot n. 射击；开枪；镜头 ① The poachers shot the elephant for its ivory tusks.（记叙文）偷猎者为了象牙射杀了那头大象。 ② The soldier shot at the target and hit it dead center.（场景描写）士兵向目标射击，正中靶心。 15.attack n& vi. & vt. 攻击；抨击 背重点 背写作佳句 1) attack sb./sth. 攻击某人 / 某物 2) come under attack 受到攻击 / 抨击 3) attacker n. 攻击者；袭击者 ① The villagers were attacked by wild animals when they entered the forest.村民们进入森林时遭到了野生动物的袭击。 ② The plan to build a factory near the river came under attack from environmentalists.在河边建工厂的计划遭到了环保人士的抨击。 16. harm vt. 伤害；损害 背重点 背写作佳句 1) do harm to 对…… 造成伤害 2) be harmful to 对…… 有害 3) harmless adj. 无害的 ① Plastic waste does great harm to the ocean environment and sea life.塑料垃圾对海洋环境和海洋生物造成了极大的伤害。 ② The medicine is harmless to humans but deadly to insects.（说明文）这种药对人类无害，但对昆虫是致命的。 17.illegal adj. 不合法的；非法的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) illegal hunting/traffic 非法捕猎 / 交易2) illegally adv. 不合法地；非法地 3) legal adj. 合法的（反义词） ① It is illegal to buy or sell products made from endangered animals.（议论文）买卖由濒危动物制成的产品是非法的。 ② Many rare animals are illegally traded on the black market for high prices.（说明文）许多稀有动物在黑市上被高价非法交易。 18. measure vt. 测量；度量 n. 措施；方法 背重点 背写作佳句 1) take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 2) measure against 与…… 相比 / 衡量 3) measurement n. 测量；尺寸 ① The government has taken strict measures to prevent the spread of the disease.（议论文）政府已采取严格措施防止疾病传播。② The scientist measured the temperature of the water to see if it was safe for the fish.（记叙文）科学家测量了水温，看是否适合鱼类生存。 19.concern vt. 涉及；让…… 担忧 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be concerned about/for 担心；关心 2) as far as ... is concerned 就…… 而言 3) concerning prep. 关于 ① Many people are concerned about the future of the planet and its wildlife.许多人都关心这个星球及其野生动物的未来。 ② The meeting will discuss issues concerning the protection of endangered species.会议将讨论关于濒危物种保护的问题。 20.pollute vt. 污染 背重点 背写作佳句 1) pollute the air/water/soil 污染空气 / 水 / 土壤 2) pollution n. 污染 3) polluted adj. 被污染的 ① Factories that pollute the river with chemical waste should be closed down.用化学废料污染河流的工厂应该被关闭。 ② The polluted air in the city has caused health problems for many residents.城市里被污染的空气已经给许多居民带来了健康问题。 四．单元短语 1. die out 灭亡；逐渐消失 2. adapt to 适应 3. be concerned about 担心；关心 4. make progress 取得进步 5. take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 6. be under threat 受到威胁 7. on the brink of extinction 濒临灭绝 8. keep ... company 陪伴某人 9. search for 寻找；搜寻 10. keep track of 掌握……的最新消息；了解……的动态 11. in danger (of) 处于（……的）危险中 12. in the wild 在野外 13. take action 采取行动 14. come under attack 受到攻击；遭到抨击 15. do harm to 对……造成伤害 16. in response to 作为对……的回应 五．单元佳句 1. 句式：定语从句 + 方式状语从句 【教材】To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I’m cold, hungry, or tired? 对一个人来说，没有什么比生命更珍贵。如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎能因自己寒冷、饥饿或疲惫而辜负这份信任？ 2. 句式：现在分词作结果状语 【教材】Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. 林巧稚一生未婚，却被誉为“万婴之母”，她一生中接生了超过5万名婴儿。 3. 句式：who引导定语从句 + 宾语从句 【教材】Once upon a time there was a king who often thought, “Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.” 从前有一位国王，他常常想：“如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，指望别人解决问题，那这个国家永远不会有好的结果。” 4. 句式：定语从句（who引导） 【教材】Now the gold is yours, because you are the only person who has learnt the lesson I wanted to teach my people. 现在这些金子是你的了，因为你是唯一一个领悟了我想教给国民的道理的人。 5. 句式：as引导时间状语从句 + 定语从句 【教材】The king watched all day as many people complained about the stone, but he found nobody making an attempt to move it. 国王一整天看着许多人抱怨这块石头，却发现没有人尝试把它移走。 6. 句式：非谓语动词作伴随状语 【教材】At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care. 有时人们甚至能看到她骑着毛驴，去偏远的村庄提供医疗服务。 六．单元语法 现在分词（-ing 形式）作宾语补足语和状语 一、现在分词作宾语补足语（Object Complement） 现在分词作宾补，用来补充说明宾语的动作状态，即 “宾语正在做什么”，常跟在以下几类动词后： 1. 常见搭配动词 动词类型 例词 例句 解析 感官动词 see, hear, watch, notice, feel, smell I saw him playing basketball. 我看见他正在打篮球（动作正在进行） 使役动词 keep, have, leave, get The noise kept me sleeping badly. 噪音让我一直睡不好（动作持续） 其他动词 find, catch, discover I caught him reading my diary. 我撞见他正在看我的日记 2. 易错点提醒 感官动词后，现在分词和不带 to 的不定式作宾补的区别： see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事（动作正在进行） see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了 / 做过某事（动作全过程） I saw him cross the road.（我看见他过了马路，全过程） I saw him crossing the road.（我看见他正在过马路，进行中） 二、现在分词作状语（Adverbial） 现在分词作状语，用来说明主句动作发生的时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果等，逻辑主语必须和主句主语一致。 1. 状语类型与例句 状语类型 例句 解析 时间状语 Walking down the street, I met an old friend. 当我走在街上时，我遇到了一位老朋友（=When I was walking…） 原因状语 Being late, I missed the beginning of the class. 因为迟到，我错过了课的开头（=Because I was late…） 伴随状语 He sat by the window, reading a novel. 他坐在窗边，读着一本小说（同时发生的动作） 结果状语 The fire lasted for three days, destroying the whole village. 大火持续了三天，烧毁了整个村庄（自然而然的结果） 条件状语 Working hard, you will pass the exam. 努力学习，你就会通过考试（=If you work hard…） 让步状语 Having failed many times, he didn’t give up. 虽然失败了很多次，但他没有放弃（=Though he had failed…） 2. 特殊情况：现在分词的完成式（Having done） 用法：当分词动作发生在主句动作之前时，用Having done形式 例句：Having finished my homework, I went out to play.（先完成作业，再出去玩） 3. 易错点提醒 逻辑主语必须和主句主语一致，否则会出现 “悬垂分词” 错误： ❌ Walking in the park, a tree fell down.（tree 不能发出 walk 的动作） ✅ When I was walking in the park, a tree fell down.（主语一致，修正后） 七．单元写作 道德寓言读后感 本篇为议论文体的读后感，分析寓言故事的寓意，结合生活实际谈感悟。语言正式清晰，以一般现在时为主，先简述故事内容，再阐述启示，传递正向价值观。 [基本框架] 开头：简述寓言故事内容，点明核心寓意 主体：分点阐述故事带来的启示，结合生活实例说明美德的重要性 结尾：升华主题，呼吁践行寓言传递的价值观 [常用词块] moral fable 道德寓言 traditional virtue 传统美德 learn a lesson 吸取教训 honesty and kindness 诚实与善良 perseverance and courage 坚持与勇气 the true meaning of virtue 美德的真谛 set a good example 树立好榜样 practise virtues in daily life 在生活中践行美德 draw a lesson from 从…… 中吸取教训 apply the moral to life 将道理应用于生活 [常用语句] ★ 精彩开头 The fable of The Farmer and the Snake teaches us a valuable lesson about kindness and caution, which has stayed with me since I first read it. Reading the classic fable of The Boy Who Cried Wolf made me realize how important honesty is in every part of our lives. This ancient Chinese fable about a diligent farmer shows us that hard work and patience are the keys to success. ★ 正文佳句 The story reminds us that honesty is the foundation of trust, and once we lose others’ trust, it is hard to get it back. The farmer’s kindness in the fable shows us that being compassionate is important, but we should also learn to protect ourselves from harm. The fable’s message about perseverance is especially meaningful to teenagers, as we often face difficulties in our studies and lives. The main character’s mistake teaches us that every choice we make has consequences, and we must take responsibility for our actions. Many of us may make similar mistakes in daily life, so we should keep this lesson in mind all the time. ★ 余味结尾 This fable is not just a story for children, but a lifelong lesson that guides us to be better people. By keeping the moral of the fable in mind, we can build a more honest and kind world for everyone. The virtues taught in these old fables are still valuable today, and we should carry them with us as we grow up. Let us learn from the story and practise good virtues in our daily life. 假定你校英语报正在开展 “寓言故事伴我成长” 征文活动，请你根据读过的一篇道德寓言，写一篇短文，分享故事内容和你的感悟。词数 80 左右。 The Lesson of The Boy Who Cried Wolf The fable The Boy Who Cried Wolf is a classic story about honesty, and its message is just as meaningful today as it was hundreds of years ago. The story follows a young shepherd boy who tricks the villagers by lying about a wolf attacking his sheep. When the wolf finally comes, no one believes him, and all his sheep are lost. This story teaches us two important lessons. First, honesty is the most important virtue in building trust. The boy’s lies made the villagers stop believing him, even when he told the truth. In our daily lives, this applies to everything from schoolwork to friendships: if we lie even once, people may doubt us forever. Second, the story shows us that our actions have consequences. The boy thought lying was just a game, but it led to the loss of his sheep. As teenagers, we need to remember that even small lies can hurt others and damage our own reputation. The fable reminds us that honesty is not just a rule to follow, but a way to build real, lasting relationships. By telling the truth and being reliable, we can earn the trust of those around us and avoid the same mistake the boy made. This simple story is a lifelong lesson that we should all keep in mind. Unit 3 Diverse Cultures 一、核心单词 1. diverse adj. 不同的；多种多样的 2. diversity n. 差异（性）；不同（点）；多样性 3. fortune n. 机会；运气 4. spicy adj. 加有香料的；辛辣的 5. ethnic adj. 具有民族特色的；异国风味的；民族的；种族的 6. admit vi. & vt. 承认 vt. 准许进入（或加入） 7. definitely adv. 肯定；确实 8. occur vi. 发生；出现 9. downtown adv. 在市中心；往市中心 10. mission n. 传教（区）；重要任务；使命 11. district n. 地区；区域 12. comic n. 连环漫画杂志；喜剧演员 adj. 滑稽的；使人发笑的 13. historical adj. （有关）历史的 14. seek vt. & vi. 寻找；寻求；争取；（向人）请求 15. earn vt. & vi. 挣得；赚得；赢得；博得 16. immigrant n. （外来）移民；外侨 17. select vt. 选择；挑选；选拔 18. diagram n. 简图；图解；图表；示意图 19. journal n. 日志；日记；报纸；刊物 20. claim vt. & n. 夺取（生命）；宣称；断言 21. series n. 一系列；连续；接连 22. apart from 除了……外（还）；此外 23. minority n. 少数民族；少数派；少数人 24. escape vi. & vt. 逃走；逃脱；避开 n. 逃跑；逃脱；解脱 25. financial adj. 财政的；财务的；金融的 26. poisonous adj. 引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的 27. poison n. 毒物；毒药；毒素 vt. 毒死；毒害 28. fold vt. 包；裹；折叠 vi. & vt. （可）折小；（可）叠平 29. collection n. 作品集；收集物；收藏品 30. souvenir n. 纪念品；纪念物 31. climate n. 气候 32. mild adj. 温和的；和善的；轻微的 33. settle vt. & vi. 定居；结束（争论）；解决（纠纷） 34. construction n. 建造；建造物；（句子、短语等的）结构 35. material n. 材料；布料；素材 adj. 物质的；实际的；素材的 36. clothing n. 衣服；服装 37. herbal adj. 药草的；香草的 38. suit vi. 适合；满足……需要；相配；合身 n. 西服；套装 39. item n. 项目；一件商品（或物品）；一条（新闻） 40. contain vt. 包含；含有；容纳 41. neat adj. 极好的；整洁的；整齐的 二、单词拓展 1. diverse adj. 不同的；多种多样的 → diversity n. 差异（性）；多样性 2. fortune n. 机会；运气 → fortunate adj. 幸运的 → fortunately adv. 幸运地 → unfortunate adj. 不幸的 → unfortunately adv. 不幸地 3. spicy adj. 加有香料的；辛辣的 → spice n. 香料；调味品 vt. 加香料于 4. ethnic adj. 民族的；种族的 → ethnicity n. 种族；民族性 5. admit vi. & vt. 承认；准许进入 → admission n. 承认；入场费；准许进入 6. definite adj. 明确的；肯定的 → definitely adv. 肯定；确实 → definition n. 定义；释义 7. occur vi. 发生；出现 → occurrence n. 发生；事件 8. historic adj. 历史的 → historical adj. （有关）历史的；历史学的 → history n. 历史 9. seek vt. & vi. 寻找；寻求 → seeker n. 寻找者；追求者 10. earn vt. & vi. 挣得；赢得 → earning n. 收入；所得 11. immigrate vi. （从外国）移入 → immigrant n. 移民；侨民 → immigration n. 移民；移居 12. select vt. 选择；挑选 → selection n. 选择；挑选 → selective adj. 选择性的 13. poison n. 毒物；毒药 vt. 毒死；毒害 → poisonous adj. 有毒的；有害的 14. fold vt. & vi. 折叠；包 → folder n. 文件夹；折叠机 15. collect vt. 收集；采集 → collection n. 收集物；收藏品 → collector n. 收藏家；采集者 16. souvenir n. 纪念品；纪念物 → souvenir vt. 把……留作纪念 17. percent n. 百分比；百分率 → percentage n. 百分率；百分比 18. climate n. 气候 → climatic adj. 气候的；与气候有关的 19. mild adj. 温和的；轻微的 → mildly adv. 温和地；适度地 20. settle vt. & vi. 定居；解决 → settlement n. 定居点；解决 → settler n. 定居者；移民 21. construct vt. 建造；构造 → construction n. 建造；建筑物 → constructive adj. 建设性的 22. material n. 材料；素材 adj. 物质的 → materially adv. 物质上；重大地 23. history n. 历史 → historical adj. 历史的；与历史有关的 → historic adj. 有历史意义的 24. financial adj. 财政的；金融的 → finance n. 财政；金融 vt. 提供资金 25. escape vi. & vt. 逃脱；避开 → escaped adj. 逃脱的；漏出的 26. minority n. 少数民族；少数派 → minor adj. 次要的；较小的 n. 未成年人；辅修科目 27. contain vt. 包含；容纳 → container n. 容器；集装箱 → containment n. 控制；遏制 28. neat adj. 整洁的；整齐的 → neatly adv. 整洁地；干净地 29. super adj. 超级的；极好的 → superb adj. 极好的；卓越的 三、常考单词 1.earn 挣得；赚得；赢得 背重点 背写作佳句 1) earn a living 谋生 2) earn money 挣钱；赚钱 3) earn one’s respect 赢得某人的尊重 4) earn a reputation 获得名声 ① Many immigrants come to the city to earn a better living for their families.（议论文）许多移民来到这座城市，是为了给家人更好的生活。 ② He worked part-time jobs to earn money while studying at college.（记叙文）他上大学时靠打零工来挣钱。 2.adapt 适应；使适应 背重点 背写作佳句 1) adapt to (doing) sth 适应（做）某事 2) adapt oneself to 使自己适应 3) be adapted from 改编自 ① It takes time for new students to adapt to the new school life.（议论文）新生需要时间来适应新的校园生活。 ② She quickly adapted to the new environment after moving to the city.（记叙文）搬到这座城市后，她很快就适应了新环境。 3.occur 发生；出现 背重点 背写作佳句 1) occur to sb 某人突然想到 2) It occurs to sb that… 某人突然想到…… 3) occur to do sth 发生做某事 ① It never occurred to me that I could learn so much from this experience.（议论文）我从未想过能从这次经历中学到这么多。② The accident occurred when the driver was not paying attention.（记叙文）事故发生时，司机没有集中注意力。 4.contain 包含；容纳；控制 背重点 背写作佳句 1) contain oneself 克制自己 2) contain a variety of 包含各种各样的 3) be contained in 被包含在…… 中 ① The museum contains a large collection of artworks from different cultures.（议论文）这座博物馆收藏了大量来自不同文化的艺术品。 ② The box contained a letter written by his grandmother many years ago.（记叙文）盒子里装着一封他祖母多年前写的信。 5.settle 定居；解决；结束 背重点 背写作佳句 1) settle down 定居；安定下来 2) settle a problem/argument 解决问题 / 争论 3) settle in 适应（新环境） ① Many people choose to settle in the countryside for a quieter life.（议论文）许多人选择在乡村定居，过更宁静的生活。 ② After moving several times, the family finally settled down in a small town.（记叙文）搬了好几次家后，这家人终于在一个小镇安定下来。 6. bring about 导致；引起 背重点 背写作佳句 1) bring about changes 带来改变 2) bring about problems 引起问题 3) bring about a revolution 引发变革 ① Technology has brought about great changes in our daily lives.（议论文）科技给我们的日常生活带来了巨大的改变。 ② The new policy brought about many positive changes in the community.（记叙文）新政策给社区带来了许多积极的变化。 7. apart from 除了…… 之外（还） 背重点 背写作佳句 1) apart from = besides / except for 2) apart from… also… 除了…… 还…… 3) apart from the cost 除了成本之外 ① Apart from improving my English, studying abroad also helped me become more independent.（议论文）出国留学除了提高了我的英语水平，还帮助我变得更独立。 ② Apart from her busy study schedule, she also found time to join the school club.（记叙文）除了繁忙的学习计划，她还挤出时间参加了学校社团。 8.in memory of 作为对…… 的纪念 背重点 背写作佳句 1) in honor of 为纪念；向…… 致敬 2) in memory of the hero 纪念这位英雄 3) build a monument in memory of… 建纪念碑纪念…… ① The park was built in memory of the soldiers who died in the war.（议论文）这座公园是为了纪念在战争中牺牲的士兵而建的。 ② Every year, the town holds a ceremony in memory of its founding fathers.（记叙文）每年，这个小镇都会举行仪式来纪念它的创立者。 9. make progress 取得进步 背重点 背写作佳句 1) make progress in (doing) sth 在（做）某事上取得进步 2) make steady progress 稳步前进 3) make rapid progress 进步很快 ① With hard work and practice, anyone can make great progress in learning a new language.（议论文）只要努力练习，任何人都能在学习新语言上取得巨大进步。 ② He made rapid progress in his studies after getting help from his teacher.（记叙文）在老师的帮助下，他的学习进步很快。 10.take measures 采取措施 背重点 背写作佳句 1) take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事2) take effective measures 采取有效措施3) take immediate measures 立即采取措施 ① Governments must take effective measures to protect the environment.（议论文）政府必须采取有效措施来保护环境。② The school took immediate measures to solve the safety problem.（记叙文）学校立即采取措施解决了安全问题。 11.seek 寻找；寻求；争取 背重点 背写作佳句 1) seek (for) sth 寻找某物 2) seek help/advice 寻求帮助 / 建议 3) seek to do sth 试图做某事 4) seek one’s fortune 寻找致富之路 ① Many young people leave their hometowns to seek better opportunities in big cities.（议论文）许多年轻人离开家乡，去大城市寻求更好的机会。 ② She went to the library to seek information for her school project.（记叙文）她去图书馆为她的课题寻找资料。 12. admit 承认；准许进入 背重点 背写作佳句 1) admit (to) doing sth 承认做了某事 2) be admitted to/into 被…… 录取 / 接纳3) It is admitted that… 公认…… ① It takes courage to admit your mistakes and learn from them.（议论文）承认错误并从中吸取教训需要勇气。 ② He was admitted into the university after years of hard work.（记叙文）经过多年努力，他终于被这所大学录取了。 13. contain 包含；含有；容纳 背重点 背写作佳句 1) contain a lot of 包含大量的…… 2) contain oneself 克制自己 3) contain information 包含信息 ① The report contains useful information about local culture and history.这份报告包含了关于当地文化和历史的有用信息。 ② The old box contained many photos from his childhood.那个旧盒子里装着许多他童年时的照片。 14. escape 逃脱；避开 背重点 背写作佳句 1) escape from 从…… 逃脱 2) escape being done 免于被…… 3) escape one’s attention 没被注意到 ① It is difficult to escape the influence of social media in modern life.（议论文）在现代生活中，人们很难摆脱社交媒体的影响。② The prisoner escaped from the prison and was caught the next day.（记叙文）犯人从监狱逃走了，第二天就被抓住了。 15. claim 宣称；断言；夺去（生命） 背重点 背写作佳句 1) claim to do sth 声称做某事 2) claim that… 宣称…… 3) claim one’s life 夺去某人的生命 ① The company claims that their new product is environmentally friendly.（议论文）该公司宣称他们的新产品是环保的。 ② The fire claimed three lives before it was finally put out.（记叙文）大火最终被扑灭前，夺去了三条生命。 16.select 选择；挑选 背重点 背写作佳句 1) select…from… 从…… 中挑选 2) be selected as 被选为…… 3) select sb to do sth 挑选某人做某事 ① Teachers select students based on their performance and attitude.（议论文）老师会根据学生的表现和态度来挑选他们。② She was selected to represent her class at the school meeting.（记叙文）她被选为代表，在学校会议上发言。 17. bring about 导致；引起 背重点 背写作佳句 1) bring about great changes 带来巨变 2) bring about positive results 带来积极结果 3) bring about problems 引发问题 ① The internet has brought about a revolution in how we communicate.（议论文）互联网给我们的交流方式带来了一场革命。 ② The new law brought about many improvements in public safety.（记叙文）新法律给公共安全带来了许多改善。 18.apart from 除了…… 之外（还） 背重点 背写作佳句 1) apart from… also… 除了…… 还…… 2) apart from = besides/except for 3) apart from the cost 除了成本之外 ① Apart from being a tourist attraction, the city is also famous for its food.（议论文）这座城市除了是旅游胜地，还以美食闻名。② Apart from a few minor problems, the project was a great success.（记叙文）除了几个小问题，这个项目非常成功。 四．单元短语 1. earn a living 谋生 2. seek one’s fortune 寻找致富之路；闯世界 3. head to 朝……前进；（向……）去 4. bring about 导致；引起 5. apart from 除了……外（还）；此外 6. series of 一系列或一连串（事件） 7. to name but a few 仅举几例 8. (at) first hand 第一手；亲自 五．单元佳句 1. 句式：定语从句 + 现在分词作伴随状语 【教材】And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906. 这是一座多么了不起的城市——一座在1906年地震后能够重建的城市。 2. 句式：定语从句 + 被动语态 【教材】The art movement called the “Mission School” started here. It’s influenced by graffiti art and comic art. 被称为“Mission派”的艺术运动就起源于此，它受到了涂鸦艺术和漫画艺术的影响。 3. 句式：时间状语从句 + 定语从句 【教材】When these immigrants left their countries, they carried a bit of home in their hearts, and built a new home here. 当这些移民离开他们的祖国时，心中都带着一丝乡愁，并在这里建立了新的家园。 4. 句式：并列句 + 非谓语动词 【教材】It is a very popular tourist draw that receives more visitors each year than even the Golden Gate Bridge. 它是一个非常受欢迎的旅游景点，每年接待的游客甚至比金门大桥还要多。 5. 句式：定语从句 + 现在分词作状语 【教材】The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of whom do not speak English fluently. 唐人街的大多数居民仍然是华裔，其中许多人英语说得并不流利。 6. 句式：what引导主语从句 【教材】But perhaps what many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food. 但也许许多游客和旧金山人最珍视唐人街的，是它的美食。 六．单元语法 英语中的省略现象 一、状语从句中的省略 当状语从句的主语和主句主语一致，且从句中含有 be 动词时，可以省略从句的主语和 be 动词。 1. 常见类型 从句类型 完整句 省略句 时间状语从句 When (he was) asked, he kept silent. When asked, he kept silent. 条件状语从句 If (you are) in trouble, call me. If in trouble, call me. 让步状语从句 Though (he was) tired, he kept working. Though tired, he kept working. 方式状语从句 He walked as if (he was) drunk. He walked as if drunk. 2. 易错点提醒 只有当从句主语和主句主语一致时，才能省略；不一致时不能省略： ❌ While reading the book, the phone rang.（phone 不能发出 read 的动作） ✅ While I was reading the book, the phone rang.（主语不一致，不能省略） 二、不定式的省略 为了避免重复，当不定式的内容和前面提到的内容一致时，可以只保留 to，省略后面的动词部分。 1. 常见场景 对话中的省略： —Would you like to go to the cinema with me? —I’d love to (go with you). 形容词 / 动词后的省略： He wanted to leave, but I told him not to (leave). The plan is to start tomorrow, but I don’t know how to (start). 2. 特殊情况：省略 to 的情况 当不定式前面有 do 的各种形式（do, does, did, done）时，不定式可以省略 to： All you have to do is (to) wait. The only thing I can do is (to) help you. 三、其他常见省略 名词性从句的省略：that 引导的宾语从句中，that 常省略 I know (that) you are right. 对话中的省略：口语中常省略重复的主语、谓语等 —Are you ready? —(I am) Ready. —What’s your name? —(My name is) Tom. 并列句中的省略：并列句中相同的部分可以省略 I like coffee and she (likes) tea. He is a teacher and his wife (is) a doctor. 七．单元写作 城市 / 城镇介绍说明文 本篇为说明文，介绍家乡或所在城市的特色，语言客观流畅，以一般现在时为主，从地理位置、文化、美食、景点等方面展现城市魅力。 [基本框架] 开头：点明城市 / 城镇的基本信息（位置、地位），引出写作主题 主体：分点介绍特色亮点（自然景观、文化景点、特色美食、生活氛围） 结尾：总结城市魅力，发出邀请或表达对家乡的热爱 [常用词块] hometown introduction 家乡介绍 located in the north/south of... 位于…… 的北部 / 南部 famous tourist attractions 著名旅游景点 local special food 当地特色美食 rich cultural heritage 丰富的文化遗产 lively local life 热闹的本地生活 warm and friendly people 热情友好的人们 must-visit places 必游之地 traditional handicrafts 传统手工艺品 a city with a long history 历史悠久的城市 [常用语句] ★ 精彩开头 My hometown, Chengdu, is a lively city in southwest China famous for its pandas, spicy food and slow-paced life. Located by the sea, my small hometown is known for its fresh seafood, beautiful beaches and warm, sunny weather. Beijing, the capital of China, is a city where ancient history meets modern life, and it has something special for everyone. ★ 正文佳句 The city’s most famous attraction is the ancient city wall, which has stood for over 600 years and offers a beautiful view of the old town. You can find the best local snacks in the night market, from spicy hot pot to sweet osmanthus cakes, all made with traditional recipes. The people here are warm and welcoming, and they love to share stories about the city’s history with visitors. Every street in the old town is filled with traditional buildings, showing the city’s long and rich history. The city is developing rapidly, with modern shopping malls and parks built while keeping its traditional charm. ★ 余味结尾 This city is more than just a place to live; it is a mix of history, culture and warmth that makes it feel like home. Whether you love history, food or just relaxing, my hometown has something to offer you. I hope you can come and visit one day! Every corner of this city has a story to tell, and I feel proud to call it my home. Blending ancient charm and modern energy, this city is a wonderful place that I will always love. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友 Harry 想了解你的家乡，请你写一封邮件，向他介绍家乡的地理位置、特色风光、美食和民风。词数 80 左右。 My Lovely Hometown My hometown is a beautiful city located in the south of China. It is not extremely large, but it has its own unique charm that attracts every visitor. There are plenty of amazing scenic spots here. The ancient city wall is a symbol of our long history. Walking along it, you can enjoy wonderful views of the whole city. Besides natural and historic sights, our local snacks are world-famous. Different kinds of tasty food can satisfy every visitor’s taste. What’s more, people living here are simple, warm and friendly. They are always ready to help others and treat guests warmly. The slow and comfortable lifestyle here also makes people feel relaxed. I love every street and every corner of my hometown. It is such a wonderful place full of beauty and warmth. If you have time, I sincerely invite you to come and travel here. I believe you will fall in love with it. Unit 4 Spaces Exploration 一、核心单词 1.astronaut n. 宇航员；太空人 2.procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续 3.mental adj. 精神的；思想的 4.intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的 5.frontier n. 前线；国界；边界；边远地区 6.determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的 7.satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星 8.launch vt. & n. 发射；发起；上市 9.leap n. 跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi. & vt. 跳过；跃过 10.agency n. 专门机构；服务机构；代理处 11.transmit vt. & vi. 传输；发送 12.disappointment n. 失望；沮丧 13.desire n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望 14.universe n. 宇宙；天地万物 15.independent adj. 独立的；自立的 16.signal vt. & vi. 标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志 17.recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用 18.lack vt. & vi. 缺乏；短缺 n. 没有；缺乏 19.solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的 20.current adj. 当前的；现在的 n. 水流；电流；思潮 21.sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的 22.tissue n. 纸巾；（人、动植物细胞的）组织 23.facility n. 设施；设备 24.keen adj. 热衷于；渴望的 25.argue vi. & vt. 论证；争辩；争论 26.analysis n. 分析；分析结果 27.high-end adj. 高端的 28.monitor n. 监视器；监测器 vt. 监视；监测；监控 29.regularly adv. 定期地；有规律地 30.resource n. 资源；财力；物力 31.limited adj. 有限的 32.attach vt. 系；绑；贴 二、单词拓展 1.intelligent adj. 聪明的；有智力的 → intelligence n. 智力；智慧；情报 → intelligently adv. 聪明地；明智地 2.determine vt. 决定；确定 → determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的 → determination n. 决心；决定 3.launch vt. 发射；发起 → launcher n. 发射器；发射台 4.leap v./n. 跳跃 → leapt/leaped 过去式 / 过去分词 5.disappoint vt. 使失望 → disappointed adj. 失望的 → disappointing adj. 令人失望的 → disappointment n. 失望；沮丧 6.desire n./v. 渴望 → desirable adj. 值得向往的；令人满意的 → desired adj. 渴望的；被期望的 7.independent adj. 独立的 → independently adv. 独立地 → independence n. 独立；自主 8.recycle vt. 回收利用 → recyclable adj. 可回收的；可循环利用的 → recycling n. 回收 9.current adj. 当前的 → currently adv. 当前；现在 → currency n. 货币；流通 10.sufficient adj. 足够的 → sufficiently adv. 足够地；充分地 → sufficiency n. 充足；足量 11.facility n. 设施 → facilities n. （复数）设备；设施 12.argue v. 争论 → argument n. 争论；论点 13.analyze vt. 分析 → analysis n. 分析 → analytical adj. 分析的；解析的 14.regular adj. 定期的 → regularly adv. 定期地；有规律地 → regularity n. 规律性；规则性 15.resource n. 资源 → resourceful adj. 资源丰富的；足智多谋的 16.limit n./v. 限制 → limited adj. 有限的 → limitation n. 限制；局限 → unlimited adj. 无限的 17.mystery n. 谜 → mysterious adj. 神秘的；不可思议的 → mysteriously adv. 神秘地 18.attach vt. 系；贴 → attached adj. 附着的；附属的 → attachment n. 附件；依恋 三、常考单词 1.determine vt. 查明；确定；决定 背重点 背写作佳句 1) determine to do sth 决心做某事 2) be determined to do sth 下定决心做某事3) determine on/upon sth 决定某事 ① Our attitude determines how we face challenges in life. 我们的态度决定了我们如何面对生活中的挑战。 ② She was determined to become an astronaut when she was a child. 她从小就下定决心要成为一名宇航员。 2.desire n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望 背重点 背写作佳句 1) have a strong desire to do sth 渴望做某事 2) desire to do sth 渴望做某事 3) desire for sth 对某物的渴望 ①He has a strong desire to explore space and learn more about the universe. 他强烈渴望探索太空，了解更多关于宇宙的知识。 ②We all desire to live in a world where everyone is equal and peaceful. 我们都渴望生活在一个人人平等、和平的世界里。 3.lack vt. & vi. 缺乏；短缺 n. 没有；缺乏 背重点 背写作佳句 1) lack sth 缺乏某物 2) be lacking in 缺乏…… 3) lack of sth 某物的缺乏 ① Lack of confidence is one of the biggest barriers to success. 缺乏自信是成功的最大障碍之一。 ② He failed the exam because he lacked enough preparation. 他因为准备不足而考试不及格。 4.attach vt. 系；绑；贴 背重点 背写作佳句 1) attach sth to sth 把某物附在某物上 2) attach importance to sth 重视某事 3) be attached to 附属于；喜爱 ①We should attach great importance to environmental protection. 我们应该高度重视环境保护。 ②Astronauts attach special devices to their suits to stay safe in space.宇航员在宇航服上安装特殊设备以在太空中保持安全。 5. figure out 弄懂；弄清楚 背重点 背写作佳句 1) figure out a problem 弄清楚问题 2) figure out how to do sth 想出做某事的方法 3) figure out the truth 查明真相 ①Scientists are still trying to figure out how black holes work. 科学家们仍在努力弄清楚黑洞的运作原理。 ②It took me a whole day to figure out the difficult math problem. 我花了一整天的时间才解出这道数学难题。 6. result in 导致；造成 背重点 背写作佳句 1) result in failure/death 导致失败 / 死亡2) result in a disaster 造成灾难 3) result in positive changes 带来积极变化 ①Careless mistakes in experiments can result in serious accidents. 实验中的粗心错误可能会导致严重事故。 ②His hard work and practice resulted in great progress in his studies. 他的努力和练习使他的学习取得了很大进步。 7. monitor vt. 监视；监测；监控 n. 监视器；监测器 背重点 背写作佳句 1) monitor sth closely 密切监测某物 2) monitor the situation 监控局势 3) monitor progress 监控进度 ① The system monitors the astronauts’ health conditions around the clock. 这个系统全天候监测宇航员的健康状况。 ②We need to monitor our environment to protect it from pollution. 我们需要监测环境，防止其受到污染。 8.sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) sufficient time 充足的时间 2) sufficient resources 足够的资源 3) be sufficient for 对…… 来说足够 ① Sufficient sleep is necessary for our bodies to recover. 充足的睡眠对我们身体的恢复是必要的。 ② We don’t have sufficient money to build the new lab. 我们没有足够的资金来建造新实验室。 9.launch vt. & n. 发射；发起；上市 背重点 背写作佳句 1) launch a rocket/satellite 发射火箭 / 卫星 2) launch a plan/campaign 发起计划 / 活动 ① Our country will launch a new satellite into space soon. 我国不久将向太空发射一颗新卫星。 ② They launched a project to explore the unknown area. 他们发起了一项探索未知领域的项目。 10. run out 用完；耗尽 背重点 背写作佳句 1) run out （物）用完，耗尽（无被动） 2) run out of sth （人）用完某物 ① Food and water will run out if we stay here too long. 如果在这里停留太久，食物和水将会耗尽。 ② I have run out of ink, so I can’t write anymore. 我的墨水用完了，没法继续书写了。 11.as a result 所以；结果 背重点 背写作佳句 1) as a result 结果，因此（单独使用） 2) as a result of 由于，因为 ①He stayed up late last night. As a result, he felt sleepy in class. 他昨晚熬夜了，结果上课昏昏欲睡。 ②As a result of great efforts, he finally realized his dream. 凭借不懈努力，他最终实现了梦想。 四．单元短语 1.carry on 继续做；坚持干 2.in the hope of doing sth 抱着…… 的希望 3.so as to (do sth) 为了；以便 4.on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 5.figure out 弄懂；弄清楚 6.result in 导致；造成 7.as a result 所以；结果（是） 8.provide for sb 提供生活所需 9.in closing 最后 10.run out 用完；耗尽 11.solar system 太阳系；类太阳系 12.take measures 采取措施 1. join ... to ... 把……和……连接或联结起来 2. break away (from sb/sth) 脱离；背叛；逃脱 五．单元佳句 1. 句式：现在分词作状语 + 定语从句 【教材】Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space, and scientists work hard to find answers. They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe. 仰望星空，人们一直渴望更多地了解太空，科学家们也在努力寻找答案。他们制造飞行器，把勇敢的人送入太空，去探索宇宙的奥秘。 2. 句式：定语从句 + 并列句 【教材】China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time. 中国的太空计划起步晚于俄罗斯和美国，但在短时间内取得了巨大的进步。 3. 句式：非限制性定语从句 【教材】As a result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population. 因此，太空科学帮助农业努力种植足够的粮食来养活地球上不断增长的人口。 4. 句式：被动语态 + 定语从句 【教材】High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration. 如今，世界各地的高端产品之所以能达到更高的标准，是因为先进的技术最初是为了满足太空探索的需求而创造的。 5. 句式：现在分词作状语 + 宾语从句 【教材】Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited. 看到我们的星球像黑海中的一座岛屿的照片，让人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。 6. 句式：不定式作目的状语 + 并列句 【教材】In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems. 总之，探索太空为世界带来了许多不同的好处。因此，这项探索应该继续下去，以便为人类的短期和长期问题提供新的、更好的解决方案。 六．单元语法 不定式（to do）作定语和状语 一、不定式作定语（Attribute） 不定式作定语，通常放在名词/代词后面，表示“将来的动作”或“被修饰名词的用途、内容”。 1. 用法分类 表“将来的动作”：表示尚未发生的动作 I have a meeting to attend.（我有一个要参加的会议） The next train to arrive is from Beijing.（下一列要到达的火车来自北京） 表“名词的用途/内容”： a chance to learn English（学习英语的机会） a way to solve the problem（解决问题的方法） 固定搭配中的不定式：当名词是ability, desire, need, plan等抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语 his ability to speak English（他说英语的能力） her desire to travel around the world（她环游世界的愿望） 2. 易错点提醒 当不定式作定语时，如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，后面需要加相应的介词： a house to live in（live是不及物动词，需加in） a pen to write with（write是不及物动词，需加with） 二、不定式作状语（Adverbial） 不定式作状语，主要用来表示目的、结果、原因，也可表示程度、条件等。 1. 状语类型与例句 目的状语 He got up early to catch the first bus. 他早起是为了赶上首班公交（表目的，可放句首，用逗号隔开） 结果状语 He woke up only to find the house empty.他醒来却发现房子空了（only to do 表示意外的结果） 原因状语 I’m glad to see you.见到你我很高兴（形容词后，表原因） 程度状语 The box is too heavy to carry. 这个箱子太重了，搬不动（too…to…结构） 条件状语 To be honest, I don’t like it.说实话，我不喜欢它（表条件） 2. 易错点提醒 目的状语和结果状语的区别： 目的状语：to do 表示“为了……”，动作是计划中的 结果状语：only to do 表示“结果却……”，动作是意外的 七．单元写作 太空探索议论文 本篇为议论文，围绕太空探索话题发表观点，语言严谨客观，以一般现在时为主，分点阐述观点，结合事实说明太空探索的意义与挑战。 [基本框架] 开头：引出太空探索话题，表明个人观点 主体：分点阐述理由（科技发展、人类进步、未来挑战等），补充相关事实 结尾：总结观点，呼吁理性看待太空探索，展望未来 [常用词块] space exploration 太空探索 outer space 外太空 space technology 航天技术 scientific research 科学研究 make great progress 取得巨大进步 face challenges 面对挑战 future development 未来发展 benefit human society 造福人类社会 universe mysteries 宇宙奥秘 China’s space program 中国航天事业 [常用语句] ★ 精彩开头 Space exploration has always been a hot topic around the world, and China’s achievements in this field have attracted wide attention. With the rapid development of technology, human beings are exploring outer space more actively than ever before. Some people think space exploration is a waste of money, while others believe it is necessary for human progress. ★ 正文佳句 Space exploration helps us learn more about the universe and solve mysteries that have puzzled humans for centuries. China’s space program has made great progress in recent years, showing our country’s strength in science and technology. Through space exploration, we can develop new technologies that also improve life on Earth, such as medical and environmental innovations. Space exploration also brings challenges, such as high costs and safety risks, but these are worth facing for the future of humanity. Studying other planets can help us understand Earth better and even find solutions to environmental problems we face today. ★ 余味结尾 Space exploration is not just about reaching new planets; it is about pushing the limits of human knowledge and possibility. China’s space exploration journey will continue, and we believe it will bring more benefits to our country and the whole world. Whether we support it or not, space exploration is a key part of human progress, and it will shape our future in many ways. We should keep exploring the universe bravely, as it holds endless possibilities for human beings. 你校英语报正在开展 “太空探索的意义” 主题征文活动，请你写一篇短文，发表对太空探索的看法，阐述其意义与价值。词数 80 左右。 My Views on Space Exploration Space exploration is one of the most exciting fields of scientific research today, and China’s achievements in this area have made the whole nation proud. In my opinion, space exploration is not only meaningful but also necessary for human progress. First of all, space exploration helps us uncover the mysteries of the universe. Through studying other planets and stars, we can learn more about the origin of the universe and the possibility of life beyond Earth. Secondly, space technology drives the development of new innovations. Many technologies used in our daily lives, such as GPS and medical imaging, come from space research. Thirdly, space exploration shows a country’s scientific and technological strength. China’s successful missions, such as sending astronauts to space and exploring Mars, prove our country’s growing power in this field. In conclusion, space exploration is a journey full of challenges, but it also brings great benefits to human society. We should support and encourage scientific research in this area, as it will lead us to a better and more advanced future. Unit 5 The Value Of Money 一、核心单词 1.basis n. 基础；根据；基点 2.loan n. 贷款；借款 3.apologise vi. 道歉；谢罪 4.ignore vt. 忽视；对…… 不予理会 5.judge vt. & vi. 评价；评判；判断 n. 法官；审判员；裁判员 6.sail vi. & vt. （船）航行；（人）乘船航行 7.spot vt. 看见；注意到；发现 n. 地点；处所；斑点；污迹 8.sort n. 种类；类别 9.mining n. 采矿；采矿业 10.patience n. 耐心；忍耐力；毅力 11.indicate vt. & vi. 表明；显示；象征；暗示 12.postpone vt. 延迟；延期；延缓 13.obligation n. 义务；职责；责任 14.intention n. 打算；计划；意图；目的 15.extent n. 程度；限度；大小；范围 16.pursue vt. 追求；致力于 17.duty n. 责任；义务；职责；值班 18.hesitate vi. 犹豫；迟疑；顾虑 19.eventually adv. 最后；终于 20.manner n. 举止；行为方式；方法；[pl.] 礼貌；礼仪 21.option n. 可选择的事物；选择；选择权 22.broad adj. 宽阔的；广阔的；广泛的 23.normal adj. 典型的；正常的；一般的；精神正常的 n. 常态；通常标准；一般水平 24.willing adj. 愿意；乐意 25.element n. 要素；基本部分 26.maintain vt. 维持；保持；维修；保养 27.permission n. 准许；许可；批准；许可证 28.permit vt. & vi. 允许；准许；使有可能 二、单词拓展 1.basis n. 基础 → basic adj. 基本的；基础的 → basically adv. 基本上；主要地 2.apologise vi. 道歉 → apology n. 道歉；认错 → apologetic adj. 道歉的；愧疚的 3.ignore vt. 忽视 → ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的 → ignorance n. 无知；愚昧 4.judge v. 判断；评判 → judgement n. 判断；看法；判决 → judicial adj. 司法的；法庭的 5.narrate v. 叙述 → narrator n. 叙述者；讲述者 → narration n. 叙述；讲述；解说 6.patience n. 耐心 → patient adj. 有耐心的 n. 病人 → patiently adv. 耐心地 → impatient adj. 不耐烦的；急躁的 7.indicate v. 表明；显示 → indication n. 指示；迹象；标示 → indicative adj. 指示的；陈述的 8.postpone vt. 延迟；延期 → postponement n. 延期；推迟 9.oblige vt. 迫使；施恩惠于 → obligation n. 义务；责任 → obligatory adj. 义务的；强制的 10.intend v. 打算；计划 → intention n. 意图；打算；目的 → intentional adj. 故意的；有意的 → intentionally adv. 故意地 11.extend v. 延伸；扩展 → extent n. 程度；范围 → extension n. 扩展；延伸；延期 12.hesitate vi. 犹豫；迟疑 → hesitation n. 犹豫；迟疑 → hesitant adj. 犹豫的；迟疑的 → hesitantly adv. 犹豫地 13.eventual adj. 最后的；最终的 → eventually adv. 最后；终于 14.permit v. 允许；准许 → permission n. 准许；许可；批准 → permissive adj. 放任的；纵容的 15.normal adj. 正常的 → normally adv. 通常；正常地 → abnormal adj. 反常的；异常的 16.willing adj. 愿意的；乐意的 → willingly adv. 愿意地；乐意地 → unwilling adj. 不愿意的；勉强的 → unwillingly adv. 不情愿地 17.maintain vt. 维持；保持 → maintenance n. 维护；保养；维持 18.oblige vt. 迫使；施恩惠于 → obligation n. 义务；责任 → obligatory adj. 义务的；强制的 19.external adj. 外部的；外面的 → externally adv. 外部地；外表上 → internal adj. 内部的；里面的（反义词） 三、常考单词 1.apologise vi. 道歉；谢罪 背重点 背写作佳句 1) apologise to sb (for sth) （因某事）向某人道歉 2) apologise for doing sth 为做某事道歉 3) make an apology to sb 向某人道歉 ①It is polite to apologise when you have hurt someone’s feelings. 当你伤害了别人的感情时，道歉是一种礼貌。 ②He apologised to his friend for being late to the meeting. 他为开会迟到向朋友道歉。 2. ignore vt. 忽视；对…… 不予理会 背重点 背写作佳句 1) ignore sb/sth 忽视某人 / 某物 2) ignore the facts 无视事实 3) ignore the problem 回避问题 ① We cannot ignore the problem of pollution in modern society. 我们不能忽视现代社会的污染问题。 ② She ignored his advice and made a decision on her own. 她无视他的建议，自己做了决定。 3.judge vt. & vi. 评价；评判；判断 n. 法官；审判员；裁判员 背重点 背写作佳句 1) judge sb/sth by/from 以…… 来判断某人 / 某物 2) judge a person by his appearance 以貌取人 3) judging from/by 从…… 判断 ① We should never judge a person by their looks or social status. 我们永远不应该以貌取人，也不应该以社会地位评判他人。② Judging from his smile, he must have passed the exam. 从他的笑容来看，他一定通过了考试。 4.hesitate vi. 犹豫；迟疑；顾虑 背重点 背写作佳句 1) hesitate to do sth 犹豫做某事 2) hesitate about/over sth 对某事犹豫不决3) without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 ① Don’t hesitate to turn to your teachers for help when you are in trouble. 遇到困难时，不要犹豫向老师求助。 ② She hesitated for a moment before answering the difficult question. 她在回答这道难题前犹豫了一下。 5.indicate vt. & vi. 表明；显示；象征；暗示 背重点 背写作佳句 1) indicate that… 表明 / 显示…… 2) indicate sth to sb 向某人指出某事 3) indicate a change 预示变化 ①Research indicates that reading regularly improves our vocabulary and writing skills. 研究表明，定期阅读能提高我们的词汇量和写作能力。 ② The results of the test indicate that his health is improving. 测试结果表明他的健康状况正在好转。 6.maintain vt. 维持；保持；维修；保养 背重点 背写作佳句 1) maintain a good relationship with sb 与某人保持良好关系 2) maintain the balance of nature 保持生态平衡 3) maintain order 维持秩序 ①It is important to maintain a healthy work-life balance. 保持健康的工作与生活平衡非常重要。 ②The old building is carefully maintained by the workers every year. 工人们每年都精心维护这座古老的建筑。 7. pursue vt. 追求；致力于 背重点 背写作佳句 1) pursue one’s dream 追求梦想 2) pursue a career in… 从事…… 事业 3) pursue happiness 追求幸福 ①Everyone should have the courage to pursue their dreams, no matter how difficult it is. 每个人都应该有追求梦想的勇气，无论过程多么艰难。 ②She decided to pursue her studies in medicine at university. 她决定在大学里攻读医学。 8. permit vt. & vi. 允许；准许；使有可能 n. 许可证 背重点 背写作佳句 1) permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 2) permit doing sth 允许做某事 3) weather permitting 如果天气允许 ①The rules do not permit students to use mobile phones in the classroom. 规定不允许学生在教室里使用手机。 ②Her parents finally permitted her to go on the school trip. 她的父母最终允许她参加学校旅行。 9.obligation n. 义务；职责；责任 背重点 背写作佳句 1) have an obligation to do sth 有义务做某事 2) fulfil one’s obligation 履行义务 3) social obligation 社会责任 ① It is our obligation to protect the environment and keep our planet clean. 保护环境、保持地球清洁是我们的义务。 ② He felt it was his obligation to help the old man cross the street. 他觉得帮助老人过马路是他的责任。 10. intention n. 打算；计划；意图；目的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) have no intention of doing sth 无意做某事 2) with the intention of doing sth 怀着做某事的意图 3) good intentions 好意 ①I have no intention of giving up my dream, no matter what happens. 无论发生什么，我都无意放弃我的梦想。 ②He came here with the intention of apologising to her. 他来这里是为了向她道歉。 11. spot vt. 看见；发现 n. 地点；斑点；污迹 背重点 背写作佳句 1) spot sb/sth 突然看见 / 发现某人 / 某物 2) on the spot 在现场；当场 ① I spotted an old friend in the crowd just now. 我刚才在人群中看到了一位老朋友。 ② The police arrived on the spot right after the accident. 事故发生后，警方立刻抵达了现场。 12. postpone vt. 延迟；延期 背重点 背写作佳句 1) postpone doing sth 推迟做某事 2) postpone a meeting/trip 推迟会议 / 出行 ① We had to postpone the sports meeting because of the bad weather. 由于天气恶劣，我们不得不推迟运动会。 ② Don’t postpone today’s work till tomorrow. 不要把今日的工作拖到明天。 13. willing adj. 愿意的；乐意的 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be willing to do sth 乐意做某事 2) be willing to help 乐于助人 ① Most people are willing to help others when they are in trouble. 大多数人都乐意帮助身处困境的人。 ② She is always willing to share her ideas with classmates. 她总是愿意和同学们分享自己的想法。 14. in case 以防；以防万一 背重点 背写作佳句 1) in case + 从句 以防，万一 2) in case of + 名词 / 短语 万一；假使 ① Take an umbrella with you in case it rains. 随身带一把伞，以防下雨。 ② You should prepare some medicine in case of emergency. 你应当准备一些药品，以防突发状况。 四．单元短语 1.on the basis of 在某事的基础上；根据某事 2.take out a loan 取得贷款 3.in return 作为回报；作为回应 4.make a bet 打个赌 5.as a matter of fact 事实上；其实；说真的 6.by accident 偶然地；意外地 7.to be honest 说实话；坦率地说 8.ought to 应该；应当 9.be about to do sth 即将或正要（做某事） 10.in case 以防；以防万一 11.to … extent 到…… 程度；在…… 程度上 12.on duty 值班；值勤 13.in a … manner 以一种…… 的方式；带着一副…… 的样子 14.in that case 既然那样；假使那样的话 15.be willing to do sth 愿意或乐意做某事 五．单元佳句 1. 句式：宾语从句（that引导） 【教材】Oliver believes that with a million-pound bank note a man could live a month in London. 奥利弗认为，一个人拿着一张百万英镑的钞票，是可以在伦敦生活一个月的。 2. 句式：宾语从句（省略that） 【教材】He didn’t believe Henry Adams had no money with him at all. 他不相信亨利·亚当斯身上一分钱也没有。 3. 句式：现在分词作结果状语 【教材】I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind, and the next morning I was spotted by a ship. 我被一阵强风刮到了海上，第二天早上，我被一艘船发现并救起。 4. 句式：定语从句（that引导） 【教材】This is the letter that will change Henry’s life forever. 这就是那封将彻底改变亨利一生的信。 5. 句式：并列句 + 宾语从句 【教材】He was so hungry that he decided to go into a tailor’s shop to buy a new suit. 他饿得不行，决定走进一家裁缝店买一套新衣服。 6. 句式：定语从句（that引导） 【教材】The owner of the shop thought Henry was a rich gentleman who only carried large bills. 店主以为亨利是一位只带大额钞票的有钱绅士。 六．单元语法 基本句型 专题一 情态动词（用法回顾） 一、基本特征 1. 本身无独立完整词义，不能单独作谓语，后面必须接动词原形。 2. 无人称、数的变化（need/dare 作实义动词除外）。 3. 主要表达说话人语气：能力、许可、推测、义务、建议、请求等。 二、常见情态动词核心用法 情态动词 核心用法 例句 can / could 1. 表现在 / 过去的能力； 2. 口语中表许可、请求； 3. 否定 / 疑问句中表推测（不可能）；could 语气更委婉，也表过去能力 I can swim.Could you pass me the book?That can't be Lucy. may / might 1. 正式场合表许可； 2. 表推测（可能性不大），might 可能性更低 May I sit here?It may rain this afternoon. must 1. 主观上 “必须、一定要”（表义务、命令）；2. 肯定推测（一定、准是，语气最强） You must follow the rules.The door is open, so he must be home. have to 客观情况导致 “不得不”，有人称、时态变化 I have to get up early every day. should / ought to 表建议、劝告、责任，意为 “应该”；ought to 侧重道德、义务 You should listen carefully.We ought to help others. shall 多用于一、二人称，征求对方意见、提建议 Shall we start now? will / would 表意愿、请求；would 为过去式，语气更委婉 Will you help me?Would you wait a minute? need 多用于否定、疑问句，表 “需要”；needn’t = 不必 You needn't worry. 三、重难点辨析（高频考点） 1. mustn’t vs needn’t mustn’t：禁止、不准（绝对不允许） needn’t：不必、用不着（没有必要） 考点：回答 Must I...? 问句，否定回答只用 needn’t / don’t have to，不用 mustn’t。 2. can 与 be able to can 仅有现在、过去两种形式，泛指能力； be able to 可用于所有时态，侧重“经过努力成功做成某事”。 3. 推测用法规则（必考） 肯定推测：must（肯定）＞ may/might（可能） 否定推测：只能用 can’t / couldn’t（不可能），严禁用 mustn’t。 专题二 过去将来时 一、定义 立足于过去的时间视角，表示从过去某一刻来看，即将发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句、间接引语中，主句谓语一般为过去时态。 二、四大基本结构（重难点） 结构 用法侧重 例句 would + 动词原形 通用结构，可表单纯将来、过去意愿 He said he would come. was/were going to + 动词原形 侧重过去已有的计划、打算 She told me she was going to travel. was/were to + 动词原形 侧重按安排、注定要发生（偏书面） They were to meet at the gate. was/were doing 仅用于位移动词（go/come/leave/arrive 等），表过去即将发生 He said he was leaving soon. 三、常用时间标志词 the next day, the following week, soon, later, after that, then 四、句式变化 1. 否定句：在 would/was/were 后加 not would not (wouldn’t) + 动词原形 was/were not going to + 动词原形 2. 一般疑问句：将 would / was / were 提到主语前 五、易混区分：一般将来时 & 过去将来时 1. 一般将来时：立足现在，描述当下之后要发生的动作 例：I will visit my friend. 2. 过去将来时：立足过去，描述过去视角下将要发生的动作 例：He said he would visit his friend. 七．单元写作 《百万英镑》剧本场景写作 本篇为剧本场景写作，改编《百万英镑》中的片段，语言符合角色身份，对话生动自然，时态以一般过去时为主，还原故事场景与人物性格。 [基本框架] 开头：介绍场景背景与出场人物 主体：编写角色对话与动作描写，展现人物冲突与性格特点 结尾：呈现场景的高潮与转折，呼应原著主题 [常用词块] play script 剧本 scene description 场景描写 character dialogue 角色对话 the Million Pound Bank Note 《百万英镑》 social status 社会地位 money and dignity 金钱与尊严 polite but cold 礼貌却冷淡 surprised and respectful 惊讶且恭敬 a large sum of money 一大笔钱 social prejudice 社会偏见 [常用语句] ★ 精彩开头 The scene takes place in a restaurant in London in the 19th century. The main character Henry walks in, hungry and in rags. It is a busy afternoon in a tailor’s shop. Henry, holding the million-pound note, steps in to buy a new suit. The setting is a fancy hotel dining room. The waiter looks down at Henry at first, but soon changes his attitude. ★ 正文佳句 The waiter looks at Henry’s worn clothes with a cold eye and leads him to a small corner table. When Henry takes out the million-pound note, everyone in the shop freezes in surprise. The tailor, who was rude just now, suddenly becomes very polite and offers Henry the best suit in the shop. Henry tries to explain that he can’t get change for the note, but the shop owner insists that he can have the suit for free. The scene shows how people’s attitudes change completely when they see a large amount of money. ★ 余味结尾 This short scene from the play shows the social prejudice against people based on their appearance and money. The contrast between the characters’ attitudes makes the story funny and thought-provoking at the same time. Through this scene, we can see Mark Twain’s criticism of the money-oriented society in his time. The play script brings the characters to life and makes the story’s message even clearer. 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1.His strong determination (决心) made him stick to training until he succeeded. 2.As a professional athlete (运动员), he takes every competition seriously. 3.Don’t try to cheat (作弊) in the game; honesty is above all. 4.After the serious injury, the player’s whole team seemed to fall apart (崩溃). 5.Regular exercise can build up your physical strength (力量). 6.The ancient sports star has become a national legend (传奇人物) to young people. 7.The doctor advised him to quit (停止；戒掉) drinking alcohol for the sake of health. 8.Many players got injured (受伤的) during the fierce marathon race. 9.It doesn’t make sense (有道理) to give up when you are halfway to success. 10.Winning an Olympic medal (奖牌) is the lifelong goal of all athletes. 11.He was covered in sweat (汗水) after finishing the 10,000-metre race. 12.She likes to pretend (假装) to be calm while she is actually nervous before matches. 13.Keeping a slim (苗条的) figure needs long-term exercise and a healthy diet. 14.Top players from all over the country will compete (竞争) for the championship next month. 15.We should hold a positive (积极的) attitude towards failure in sports. 16.You needn’t (不必) stay for the extra training if you have already mastered the skills. 17.The coach announced that they planned (打算) to arrange a friendly match the following week. 18.Visitors mustn’t (禁止) walk across the running track during training hours. 19.Doing sports regularly can make a great difference (影响) to people’s mental health. 20.The old athlete said he would (将会) continue to coach young players after retirement. 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. (2025年全国一卷) But it’s amazing(amaze) how you can adapt and learn in a new environment. 2. (2024·全国新高考I卷) But equally(equal) important is the mental aspect. 3. (2025浙江首考卷) Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent(rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution(solve) to one-time event dressing. 4. (2025年全国二卷) Last month, you kindly agreed to write an article about sports in Canada, and we’re all looking forward to reading(read) it. 5. (2025年全国乙卷) Flowers are everywhere-hanging baskets, window boxes, and planters-just what you imagine in an attractive(attract) English market town. 6. (2024·全国新高考II卷) The Silk Road was a bridge between East and West, promoting(promote) cultural exchange and economic development. 7. (2023·全国新课标I卷) The soup dumplings, with their delicate wrappers and hot soup, are truly tasty(taste). 8. (2023·全国新课标II卷) It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop and to see the pandas settle(settle) into their new home. 9. (2024·浙江1月卷) Traditional festivals are an important part of the identity(identify) of many communities around the world. 10. (2023·全国甲卷) It was a neighbor called Mario, coming to bring us a box containing(contain) some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. 11. (2022·全国乙卷) Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply(sharp). 12. (2023·浙江1月卷) Still, she made no attempt to fly(fly). 13. (2024·全国甲卷) It is courageous(courage) of her to stand up for what she believes in despite the challenges. 14. (2025·全国新高考I卷) The first person to walk(walk) on the moon was Neil Armstrong in 1969. 15. (2023·全国乙卷) Scientists are working hard to develop(develop) new technologies for space exploration. 16. (2024·浙江6月卷) The city is known for its diverse(diversity) culture, with people from many different backgrounds living together. 17. (2022·新高考I卷) The museum offers visitors a chance to experience(experience) the rich history of the local culture. 18. (2023·新高考II卷) The story teaches us that true happiness cannot be bought(buy) with money. 19. (2024·全国乙卷) Many people learn the importance of saving(save) money from a young age. 20. (2025·浙江6月卷) The Mid-Autumn Festival is a time for family gatherings(gather) and enjoying mooncakes together. 三、完成句子。 1. 我们都在期待春节假期的到来。 We are all looking forward to the arrival of the Spring Festival holiday. 2. 这个节日最初是为了感谢神灵赐予丰收而庆祝的。 This festival was originally celebrated to thank the gods for the harvest. 3. 她下定决心要成为一名宇航员，探索宇宙的奥秘。 She is determined to become an astronaut and explore the mysteries of the universe. 4. 这座城市以其多元的文化和独特的建筑风格而闻名。 This city is known for its diverse culture and unique architectural styles. 5. 科学家们正在努力寻找其他星球上生命存在的证据。 Scientists are working hard to find evidence of life on other planets. 6. 这位医生毕生致力于帮助贫困地区的病人。 The doctor devoted his entire life to helping patients in poor areas. 7. 传统节日是我们文化遗产中不可或缺的一部分。 Traditional festivals are an essential part of our cultural heritage. 8. 太空探索技术的发展让人类登上月球成为了现实。 The development of space exploration technology made it possible for humans to land on the moon. 9. 我们应该学会平衡学习和休息，保持身心健康。 We should learn to balance study and rest to maintain physical and mental health. 10. 这次太空任务的成功是一个令人惊叹的成就。 The success of this space mission is an amazing achievement. 11. 他的善良和慷慨激励了身边的每一个人。 His kindness and generosity inspired everyone around him. 12. 不同文化之间的交流有助于消除误解和偏见。 Exchanges between different cultures help eliminate misunderstandings and prejudices. 13. 博物馆为游客提供了体验当地丰富历史的机会。 The museum offers visitors a chance to experience the rich local history. 14. 作为一名高中生，我必须学会承担更多的责任。 As a high school student, I have to learn to take on more responsibilities. 15. 金钱买不来健康、幸福和真挚的友谊。 Money cannot buy health, happiness, or genuine friendship. 16. 春节期间，人们会装饰房屋，贴上红色的春联。 During the Spring Festival, people will decorate their houses and put up red couplets. 17. 我们应该尊重并保护各民族的传统习俗。 We should respect and protect the traditional customs of all ethnic groups. 18. 他是第一个提出这个大胆太空探索计划的科学家。 He was the first scientist to come up with this bold space exploration plan. 19. 养成存钱的好习惯能帮助我们应对未来的突发情况。 Developing the good habit of saving money can help us deal with unexpected situations in the future. 20. 食物短缺是当时许多人面临的严重问题。 Food shortage was a serious problem faced by many people at that time. 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 54 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $