课时作业14 Education-(课时作业)【红对勾讲与练】2025年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案(北师大版2019)

选择性必修第二册　 3 课时作业 14　 EDUCATION Ⅰ. 阅读理解 " (2024·九省联考) For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament ( 性 格 ) . Some toddlers are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler􀆳s way of saying “ I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend􀆳s behavior. This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That􀆳s why it􀆳s so important to take an active role in your toddler􀆳s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What􀆳s making him so sad?”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball. ”) . When your child shares or shows empathy ( 同理心) toward a friend, praise him (“ Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better. ”) . Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words— not fists—to express how they feel. It􀆳s also important to be mindful of how your child􀆳s personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they􀆳re sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they􀆳re refreshed. 1. What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates􀆳 behavior? A. They are interested in acting. B. They are shy with the strangers. C. They are fond of their playmates. D. They are tired of playing games. 2. What does the author suggest parents do for their kids? A. Design games for them. B. Find them suitable playmates. C. Play together with them. D. Help them understand social rules. 3. What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4? A. Giving examples. B. Explaining concepts. C. Providing evidence. D. Making comparisons. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -479- hh
#4 4. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. How Children Adapt to Changes B. How to Be a Role Model for Children C. How Your Baby Learns to Love D. How to Communicate with Your Kid # (2023·安徽合肥模拟) For decades, the message to students in the United States has been nearly the same:You need to go to college. Students have heard this message loud and clear, ever since their childhood. However, while encouraging students to further their education after high school is a noble and well-intentioned action, the current system in the United States has created some damaging side effects. The largest and most well-known consequence is the student debt. Tuition and fees at four-year universities have risen by around 54% since 1999. Total student debt in the US is estimated at around ＄1. 6 trillion, so much that even the world􀆳s richest man Jeff Bezos would have to increase his wealth by nearly nine times to pay off all of it. Although the price of acquiring a bachelor􀆳s degree has gone up, the relative value of having the actual degree has been watered down by the fact that holding a degree is now an expectation, not a bonus. The poor return on investment is also evidenced by the massive waves of students earning degrees in fields where there simply are not enough jobs for the number of graduates, leaving young adults in debt and out of work. The push for students to go to college has also prevented them from considering careers in important fields that don􀆳t necessarily require a four-year degree, such as construction and manufacturing. Despite the good pay and benefits in these industries, the lack of new blood has led to growing shortages of both workers and skills, causing delays and higher costs in projects like road repairs and infrastructure ( 基 础 设 施 ) improvements. Colleges and universities remain critical to our nation. But as a society, it would benefit us greatly to acknowledge that college isn􀆳t the only form of higher education and career preparation. Students and young adults have more options than they think and informing them of those opportunities can go a long way toward making higher education as a whole more effective, efficient and affordable. 5. How does the writer support his argument in paragraph 2? A. By providing examples. B. By giving numbers. C. By explaining the logic. D. By showing the effects. 6. What does the underlined expression “ watered down”mean in paragraph 3? A. Reduced. B. Increased. C. Reflected. D. Ignored. 7. What keeps students away from industries like construction? A. Low salaries and benefits. B. High degree requirements. C. The trend of going to college. D. The lack of job opportunities. 8. Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. How College Graduates End up in Debt B. What A College Degree Really Brings C. Who Is to Blame for the Worker Shortages D. Why We Should Rethink Going to College 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -480- 选择性必修第二册　 3 Ⅱ. 完形填空 (2023·浙江宁波模拟) As a roofing contractor ( 承 包 商 ), Ken Hendricks was fed up with the awful service he was getting at home-building supply centers. But he didn􀆳t get 　 1　 —he started his own company. Today, Hendricks is CEO of ABC Supply, the largest wholesale 　 2　 of roofing in the US. He 　 3　 the business on old-fashioned family values. “ My dad was a hardworking, honest person,”says Hendricks, the son of a roofer. “But my father didn􀆳t get any 　 4　 because of what he did. ” When Hendricks left high school to work with his dad, he saw that 　 5　 was extended to contractors by the business owners who sold them building materials. They were 　 6　 in one thing: selling something. Whether it 　 7　 or not, they didn􀆳t care. Hendricks took that 　 8　 to heart, determined to put the customer first. After 20 years of 　 9　 his own roofing business, he had the finances and experience to make a(n) 　 10　 and ABC Supply was born. In four years, the company 　 11　 or opened nearly 50 stores and made ＄183 million in sales. “Compared to most companies, one thing we􀆳ve done 　 12　 is to always keep the people in place. ”Hendricks is always 　 13　 ways to reward his people. “Don􀆳t let money be the 　 14　 ,” he advises anyone starting a business. “ 　 15　 , understand what the customer needs. When you help your customer grow, you grow. ” 1. A. confused B. envious C. mad D. embarrassed 2. A. profit B. distributor C. account D. negotiator 3. A. established B. recalled C. assumed D. rejected 4. A. respect B. doubt C. education D. entertainment 5. A. competence B. panic C. decision D. attitude 6. A. honest B. fortunate C. interested D. experienced 7. A. existed B. worked C. decreased D. happened 8. A. skill B. investment C. proposal D. lesson 9. A. restarting B. predicting C. suspending D. operating 10. A. visit B. exception C. move D. evaluation 11. A. observed B. resisted C. investigated D. acquired 12. A. differently B. financially C. precisely D. curiously 13. A. dealing with B. searching for C. learning from D. showing off 14. A. intervention B. motivator C. substitute D. loan 15. A. Otherwise B. Still C. Therefore D. Instead Ⅲ. 阅读七选五 (2023·河南焦作模拟) Why Should You Stop Yelling (吼叫) at Your Kids It doesn􀆳t make you look authoritative. It makes you look out of control to your kids. 　 1　 Yelling, similar to spanking ( 打屁股), is the response of a person who doesn􀆳t know what else to do. The use of spanking to discipline children has been in decline for 50 years. But yelling? 　 2　 Households with regular shouting incidents tend to have children with lower self-esteem (自尊 心) and higher rates of depression. A study in The Journal of Child Development demonstrated that 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -481- hh
#4 yelling produces results similar to physical punishment in children. 　 3　 But most parents find it hard to imagine how to get through the day without yelling. The new research on yelling presents parents with two problems:What do I do instead? And how do I stop? Dr Kazdin promotes a programme called the ABCs, which stands for antecedents ( 前 情 ), behaviours and consequences. The antecedent is the setup, telling a child, specifically, what you want them to do before you want them to do it. 　 4　 And the consequence involves an expression of approval when that behaviour is performed, an expression of praise with an accompanying physical gesture of approval. 　 5　 Instead of yelling at your kid every night for the shoes thrown across the floor, ask him in the morning if he can put his shoes away when he comes home. Make sure when you come home that you put your own shoes away. And if your child puts his shoes away, or even puts them closer to where they􀆳re supposed to be, tell him that he did a great job and then hug him. A. It hurts your kids a little. B. It makes you look weak. C. Let􀆳s take making kids putting away their shoes as an example. D. Behaviours are where the behaviour is defined and shaped by parents. E. Behavioural problems need a long-term joint efforts of parents and teachers. F. Almost everybody still yells at their kids sometimes, even the parents who know it doesn􀆳t work. G. It increases levels of anxiety, stress and depression along with an increase in behavioural problems. 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 Ⅳ. 语法填空 (2023·四川攀枝花模拟) “ I have been very happy ever to past 10 years. Living in the midst of the woods and lush greenery makes me feel 　 1　 ( relax) . People here are very friendly and life is beautiful. ” That􀆳s how Yuan Hui, 34, described his past ten years as a volunteer teacher in a remote mountainous region of Hubei province. Upon his graduation from Nanjing University, one of the top universities in China,Yuan 　 2　 ( offer ) a job at a company in Nanjing. Surprisingly, he rejected it and then traveled more than 1, 000 kilometers to Jiangjiawan village in Hubei􀆳s Enshi Tujia and Miao autonomous prefecture ( 县), desiring 　 3　 ( realize ) his dream of becoming an 　 4　 (educate) . He intended to become a different kind of teacher and make his classroom fun and informative. 　 5　 , he did not want to be a full- time teacher as he thought that not having a full- time contract ( 合同) with a school would give him more freedom to try new teaching styles. Yuan has made his classes unusual and interesting by using methods 　 6　 are different from the common teaching approach. For example, when he taught a poem about a swordsman, he brought a plastic sword to class and urged the students to give fencing ( 击 剑 ) performances while 　 7　 ( recite) the poem. The whole class then decided which student was the best swordsman. In addition to teaching academic subjects, Yuan focuses 　 8　 the all-around development of his students. 　 9　 (encourage) by Yuan􀆳s story, several university students 　 10　 ( come) to the village to teach during their summer vacations since 2016. The conditions at local schools have improved considerably. 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 　 6. 　 　 　 　 7. 　 　 　 　 　 8. 　 　 　 　 　 9. 　 　 　 　 10. 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -482- hh
#4 goods 和谓语动词 transport 是被动关 系,应用现在完成时的被动语态。 6. between　 考查固定搭配。 句意:船只 继续在杭州和济宁之间运输大量的煤 炭、食 物 和 其 他 的 货 物。 between... and...是固定搭配,意为“在……和…… 之间”。 7. tourism　 考查名词。 句意:然而地方 政府渴望增加旅游和城市的发展,已 经拆毁了几乎所有运河边的老建筑。 根据 and 并列结构和 city development 是名词可知,空格处应填名词,故填 tourism,为不可数名词。 8. a　 考查冠词。 句意:2005 年一群公民 提议将历史悠久的大运河列入联合国 教科文组织世界遗产名录,希望这一 地位能够保护这条水道和它周围的建 筑。 site 为可数名词且发音以辅音音 素开头,需用不定冠词 a 修饰。 9. granted　 考查非谓语动词。 句意:随着 联合国教科文组织在 2014 年的官方认 定,这项世界上最伟大的工程成就将 在未来几个世纪继续连接中国的北方 和南方。 考查 with 的复合结构,空格 处应填非谓语动词形式,逻辑主语 UNESCO status 和 grant 之间是被动关 系,应用过去分词形式。 10. centuries　 考查可数名词的复数。 句 意同上。 根据空格前的介词 for 可 知,空格处应填名词作宾语, century 表示“世纪”为可数名词,上文没有限 制词,故应用复数形式。 课时作业 14　 EDUCATION Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 文章介 绍了幼儿时期友谊对儿童社交能力发展 的重要性,并探讨了幼儿表达友谊的方 式和可能出现的问题。 同时,文章还提 供了一些建议和方法,帮助家长在幼儿 社交互动中发挥积极作用,培养他们的 同情心 和 表 达 能 力,让 他 们 学 会 发 展 友谊。 1. C 　 细节理解题。 根据第二段 “Re- search at Ohio State University in Co- lumbus found that a toddler􀆳s way of saying ‘ I like you’ during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend􀆳s behavior. ”可知,蹒跚学步的孩 子模仿玩伴的行为说明他们喜欢他 / 她,故选 C 项。 2. D 　 细 节 理 解 题。 根 据 第 三 段 “ Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That􀆳s why it􀆳s so important to take an active role in your toddler􀆳s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them”可知,作者建议家长在孩 子的社交生活中设定限制,并且经常 提醒孩子们这些限制,也就是社交规 则,帮助孩子 理 解 社 交 规 则, 故 选 D 项。 3. A　 推理判断题。 根据第四段“Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (‘Ben is crying. What􀆳s making him so sad?’)” 以 及 “ then suggest how he could resolve the problem (‘Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball. ’)”可知,这些引用是通过举例说 明这两个建议:帮助孩子学会同情并 解决问题,故选 A 项。 4. C　 主旨大意题。 根据第一段“For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. ”和 第三段“Through play experiences, tod- dlers learn social rules. That􀆳s why it􀆳s so important to take an active role in your toddler􀆳s social encounters by set- ting limits and offering frequent remind- ers of what they are. ” 以及最后一段 “Another way to encourage healthy so- cial interaction is by encouraging kids to use words—not fists—to express how they feel. ”可知,本文主要讲的是家长 如何帮助孩子学会爱,学会发展友谊, 故选 C 项。 B [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。 尽管鼓 励学生在高中毕业后继续深造是一种高 尚而善意的行为,但美国现行的教育制 度却产生了一些副作用。 文章分别从学 费、学位价值、对经济结构带来的影响等 方面指出上大学的负面影响。 5. B　 推理判断题。 根据第二段可推知, 作者是通过给出数字来支持他在第二 段中的论点。 6. A　 词义猜测题。 根据第三段中“Al- though the price of acquiring a bachelor􀆳s degree has gone up, the rela- tive value of having the actual degree has been watered down by the fact that holding a degree is now an expectation, not a bonus. ”可知,Although 后的从句 部分强调获取学位的代价在攀升,所 以主句部分内容应与从句形成语义上 的对比,故可推断出学位的价值却在 “减少”,故画线词意思是“减少”。 7. C 　 细节理解题。 根据第四段 “ The push for students to go to college has also prevented them from considering careers in important fields that don􀆳t nec- essarily require a four-year degree, such as construction and manufacturing. ” 可 知,上大学的趋势让学生远离建筑等 行业。 8. D　 主旨大意题。 通读全文可知,文章 认为一味提倡年轻人去上大学会带来 负面影响,接着文章分别从学费、学位 价值、对经济结构带来的影响等方面 加以论证。 D 选项“为什么我们应该 重新考虑上大学”体现了本文的主旨 大意,适合作为文章标题。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 文章介 绍了肯·亨德里克斯作为一名屋顶承包 商,受他的父亲影响,决心把客户放在第 一位,而不是只看短期利益,后来他成功 创业,用自己的亲身经历来启发更多的 创业者。 1. C　 考查形容词词义辨析。 A. confused 困惑的;B. envious 嫉妒的;C. mad 生 气的,不明智的;D. embarrassed 尴尬 的。 根据上文“was fed up with the aw- ful service”和“But”可知,亨德里克斯 受够了这种糟糕的服务,应该会气愤, 但是他并没有。 2. B 　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. profit 利 益;B. distributor 经销商;C. account 账 户,客户;D. negotiator 谈判者。 根据全 文内容以及下文“made $183 million in sales”和“ understand what the customer needs”可知,ABC Supply 把商品销售 给客户,应该是经销商。 3. A　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. established 建立;B. recalled 记起;C. assumed 假 设;D. rejected 拒 绝。 根 据 上 文 “ he started his own company”可知,亨德里 克斯创办了自己的公司,所以这里表 示建立企业。 4. A　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. respect 尊 重;B. doubt 怀疑;C. education 教育; D. entertainment 娱乐。 根据上文“My dad was a hardworking, honest per- son...”以及“But”可知,亨德里克斯的 父亲是一位刻苦又诚实的人,这里表 示转折,说明他的父亲没有得到应有 的尊重。 5. D 　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. compe- tence 能力,权限;B. panic 惊慌;C. de- cision 决定;D. attitude 态度。 根据上 文“Ken Hendricks was fed up with the awful service he was getting at home- building supply centers” 及下文 “They were 　 6　 in one thing: selling some- thing. ”可知,提供建筑材料的企业一 心只为卖货赚钱,这种态度也扩展到 了承包商身上。 6. C　 考查形容词词义辨析。 A. honest 诚实的;B. fortunate 幸运的;C. interest- ed 感兴趣的;D. experienced 有经验的。 根据下文 “ determined to put the cus- tomer first”可知,和亨德里克斯把客户 放在第一位的态度不同,其他企业和 承包商只对卖东西感兴趣。 7. B　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. existed 存 在;B. worked 奏效,产生 …… 作用; C. decreased(使)减少;D. happened 发 生。 根据上文“They were 　 6　 in one thing:selling something. ”可知,其他企 业和承包商只对卖东西感兴趣,对产 品是否起到作用并不关心。 8. D　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. skill 技巧; B. investment 投资; C. proposal 提案; D. lesson 教训。 根据本段内容可知,亨 德里克斯把其他企业和承包商逐利的 行为当成一个教训来提醒自己。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -582- 参 考 答 案　 9. D　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. restarting 重新开始;B. predicting 预测;C. sus- pending(使)悬浮;D. operating 管理,经 营(企业)。 根据“ he had the finances and experience”可知,亨德里克斯有了 金钱和经验上的积累是因为二十年的 企业经营。 10. C 　 考查固定搭配。 A. visit 参观; B. exception例外;C.move 移动;D. evalu- ation 评估。 根据 “ABC Supply was born”可知,亨德里克斯准备好了采取 行动,创立了自己的公司 ABC Sup- ply。 make a move 走一步,开始行动, 为固定搭配。 11. D　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. observed 观察到;B. resisted 阻挡,抵抗;C. in- vestigated 调查;D. acquired 获得。 根 据“50 stores”可知,50 家门店是自己 开设或者收购获得的。 12. A　 考查副词词义辨析。 A. different- ly 不 同 地; B. financially 财 政 上; C. precisely 精确地;D. curiously 好奇 地。 根据上文 “ They were 　 6　 in one thing: selling something. ” 及下文 “ to always keep the people in place”可 知,亨德里克斯善于用人,这和其他 多数公司的做法不同。 13. B 　 考查动词短语辨析。 A. dealing with 处理;B. searching for 搜索,寻 找; C. learning from 向 …… 学 习; D. showing off 炫耀。 根据上文“ to al- ways keep the people in place”可知, 亨德里克斯善于用人,所以会寻找办 法回报他的员工。 14. B　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. interven- tion 干预;B. motivator 动力;C. substi- tute 代替物;D. loan 贷款。 根据上文 “Hendricks took that 　 8　 to heart, determined to put the customer first. ” 可知,不要让金钱成为创业的动力, 要把消费者放在首位。 15. D　 考查副词词义辨析。 A. Otherwise 否则;B. Still 仍然;C. Therefore 所以; D. Instead 代 替, 反 而。 根 据 上 文 “Don􀆳t let money be the” 及 “ under- stand what the customer needs”可知, 前后句构成转折关系,用 Instead。 Ⅲ. 阅读七选五 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 文章主 要介绍了父母应该停止对自己的孩子大 喊大叫的原因。 1. B　 根据上文“ It doesn􀆳t make you look authoritative. It makes you look out of control to your kids. ”可知,对自己的孩 子大喊大叫会让你看起来对孩子失去 了控制。 选项 B“这会让你看起来很软 弱。”与上文衔接密切,语义连贯。 2. F　 根据上文“The use of spanking to discipline children has been in decline for 50 years. But yelling?”可推知,接 下来应该是对“吼叫”的现状进行介 绍,所以选项 F“几乎每个人有时都会 对自己的孩子大喊大叫,即使是那些 知道这没有用的父母。”符合语境。 3. G 　 根据上文“A study in The Journal of Child Development demonstrated that yelling produces results similar to physi- cal punishment in children. ”可知,接下 来会具体阐述吼叫对孩子产生的危 害。 所以选项 G“它会增加焦虑、压力 和抑郁的程度,同时行为问题也会增 加。”符合语境。 4. D 　 根据上文 “Dr Kazdin promotes a programme called the ABCs, which stands for antecedents (前情), behav- iours and consequences. The antecedent is the setup, telling a child, specifical- ly, what you want them to do before you want them to do it. ” 以及空后的 “And the consequence involves an ex- pression of approval when that behaviour is performed, an expression of praise with an accompanying physical gesture of approval. ”可知,上文介绍了前置条 件,后文谈到了后果,空处应该谈的是 行为。 所以选项 D“行为是父母对行 为进行定义和塑造。”符合语境。 5. C　 根据下文“ Instead of yelling at your kid every night for the shoes thrown across the floor, ask him in the morning if he can put his shoes away when he comes home. ”可知,本段举例说明如 何避免对孩子大喊大叫。 所以选项 C “让我们以让孩子把鞋子收起来为 例。”符合语境。 Ⅳ. 语法填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 文章主 要讲述一位支教老师,在名校毕业后拒 绝了大公司的工作,选择去支教,给学生 们带来不一样的课堂模式。 他的故事鼓 舞了更多人参与其中。 1. relaxed　 考查形容词。 句意:生活在树 林和郁郁葱葱的绿色植物中让我感到 放松。 此处用来修饰人的感觉,因此 要用 relaxed。 2. was offered 　 考查动词时态和语态。 句意:从中国顶尖的大学之一南京大 学毕业之后,他在南京的一家公司找 了一份工作。 此处指大学毕业后他被 提供工作,因此使用被动语态,又因为 这是发生在过去的事,因此用一般过 去时。 故填 was offered。 3. to realize　 考查不定式。 句意:让人惊 讶的是,他拒绝了这份工作,然后来到 1 000 多千米外的湖北恩施土家族苗 族自治州的姜家湾村,渴望实现他成 为一名教育者的梦想。 desire to do... 渴望做……。 4. educator　 考查名词。 句意同上。 冠词 an 后面跟单数可数名词。 故填 educa- tor。 5. Besides　 考查连词。 句意:此外,他不 想成为一名全职教师,因为他认为和 学校之间没有全职合同,他可以有更 多的自由尝试新的教学方式。 根据上 下文可知,这与上文“他想成为与众不 同的老师”是递进关系。 6. that　 考查关系代词。 句意:袁通过使 用不同于普通教学方法的方式,使他 的课堂变得不同寻常并且有趣。 此处 考查定语从句,先行词 methods 是物, 且从句中缺少主语,故填 that。 7. reciting　 考查非谓语动词。 句意:例如 当他教授一首关于剑客的诗时,他带 着一把塑料剑来上课,并敦促学生一 边表演击剑一边背诵这首诗。 分析句 子结构可知,空处是非谓语。 recite 和 逻辑主语 students 之间是主动关系,故 用 recite 的现在分词形式。 8. on　 考查介词。 句意:除了教授专业科 目之外,袁还关注学生的全面发展。 focus on 是固定搭配,表示 “关注,专 注于”。 9. Encouraged　 考查非谓语动词。 句意: 受到袁的故事的鼓励,从 2016 年起,一 些大学生在暑假期间来到村里教学。 分析句子结构可知,此处考查动词的 非谓语形式, 且逻辑主语 university students 和 encourage 之间是被动关系, 故要使用过去分词。 另外在句首,首 字母大写。 10. have come 　 考查时态。 句意同上。 根据后面的 since 2016 可知,本空应 该使用现在完成时。 课时作业 15　 THE MEDIA Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 社交媒 体回音室是指一个人体验量身定制的媒 体体验,将对立的观点和不同的声音排 除在外。 文章主要分析了社交媒体回音 室产生的原因,并就如何确保我们不会 简单地被困在社交媒体的回音室里提出 建议。 1. D 　 推理判断题。 根据第二段“As a result, people see and take in informa- tion according to our preexisting beliefs and opinions. ”可知,社交媒体回音室 的结果是人们只能得到证实他们信仰 的信息。 故选 D。 2. B 　 词义猜测题。 根据第三段画线词 后的 句 子 “ Adding in a few media sources with differing opinions will al- low you to at least understand what peo- ple are saying outside of your echo chamber. ”可推知,人们需要加强媒体 消费来源,从而真正获得所有信息并 评估我们的媒体。 beef up 意为“加强; 改进”。 故选 B。 3. B 　 细 节 理 解 题。 根 据 最 后 一 段 “Adding in a few media sources with 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -583-