课时作业5 Humans and Nature-(课时作业)【红对勾讲与练】2025年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案(北师大版2019)

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#4 课时作业 5　 HUMANS AND NATURE Ⅰ. 阅读理解 " (2023·天津新华中学模拟) While nature lovers all over the world wish all humans to realize the importance of their natural surroundings, many Australians are turning caring for the environment into a way of life. Julie Aston, an Australian housewife in Brisbane, is one such example. Even though autumn is approaching Australia􀆳s Brisbane in April, one can still watch colorful blooming flowers in Julie􀆳s little garden as she tells that in her community,“Each of us has a beautiful yard. The whole community from children to elderly people takes care of the environment as if they are taking care of their own garden. ” “Gardening is the most popular club in our community,” she says. “ A lot of retired people don􀆳t just regularly organize gardening lectures but also personally visit families in the community to provide gardening training. So you can see that flowers continue to blossom in our gardens throughout the year. ” Talking about her people􀆳s sense of caring for the environment, Julie says when people in the community take along their dog they always carry a garbage bag to deal with the dog􀆳s waste. “ In our community you will never experience the embarrassment of stepping on the dirty waste while you are walking on the grass,” says Julie with a smile. “ Taking care of the dog􀆳s waste can also help to develop children􀆳s sense of responsibility!” As to protecting water resources the Australian government has made strict rules for families. Julie says, “ We certainly would not use tap water to water the flowers!” She says almost every family in her community has a huge tank used to store rainwater which is later used as the resource of all outdoor water use including car washing and watering the garden. This year they also asked people to connect the water tank with their toilets. 1. From the first three paragraphs we learn that 　 　 　 　 . A. gardening is popular in most parts of Australia B. April is a great time for people to enjoy flowers C. it􀆳s not easy to keep a garden without proper training D. Julie􀆳s community has a deep sense of caring for nature 2. Why can flowers be seen all year round in Julie􀆳s community? A. Gardening lessons are often given by professors. B. Families are taught how to take care of their gardens. C. The local government provides free gardening training. D. There is enough rainwater to water the flowers regularly. 3. What do we know about Julie from the passage? A. She takes pride in her community. B. She once stepped on a dog􀆳s waste. C. She is quite in favor of raising a dog. D. She finds it embarrassing to walk on the grass. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -438- 必修第二册　 3 4. What would be the best title for the text? A. How Australians Save Resources B. Love Nature, the Australian Way C. How Australians Lead Their Life D. Protect Nature, a Must of Life # (2024·九省联考) Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators ( 捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots􀆳 behavior in your house more than any other. Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground. Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. The most common predators of parrots include hawks, snakes, cats, monkeys, and bats. Some predators make attacks only during the day while others hunt in the night. As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本 能地) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight. However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves. Because their biggest enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind. For this reason, it is wise to avoid quick, sudden movements near your bird. This is a built-in reaction, not subject to logic or reason. Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird􀆳s mind. As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to changes. 5. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild? A. Living in a group. B. Growing beautiful feathers. C. Feeding on the ground. D. Avoiding coming out at night. 6. What is parrots􀆳 first response to an immediate risk? A. To attack back. B. To get away. C. To protect the young. D. To play dead. 7. Why would a balloon frighten a parrot? A. It may explode suddenly. B. It may be in a strange shape. C. It may have a strong color. D. It may move around quickly. 8. What is the author􀆳s purpose of writing the text? A. To explain wild parrots􀆳 behavior. B. To give advice on raising a parrot. C. To call for action to protect animals. D. To introduce a study on bird ecology. Ⅱ. 完形填空 (2024·江苏苏州高三期末) The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to 　 1　 a 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -439- hh
#4 unique honey harvest. Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives (蜂箱) are placed in the 　 2　 . Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often 　 3　 . I 　 4　 beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He 　 5　 handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string and 　 6　 the bunch to create a torch (火把) . Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 　 7　 . He stopped every few minutes to move the 　 8　 higher up the tree trunk. 　 9　 , Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he 　 10　 towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he􀆳d 　 11　 the trunk and was back on the ground. It was too 　 12　 to collect the honey. A cool summer had delayed 　 13　 . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs (蜂巢) . The adult bees were 　 14　 and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree. He had to wait for the right 　 15　 to go back up. 1. A. share B. collect C. witness D. celebrate 2. A. courtyards B. fields C. caves D. treetops 3. A. dangerous B. urgent C. expensive D. pointless 4. A. searched B. recognized C. invited D. followed 5. A. cleaned B. gathered C. dropped D. checked 6. A. lit B. shook C. measured D. decorated 7. A. jumping B. talking C. climbing D. testing 8. A. hives B. leaves C. honey D. rope 9. A. Surprisingly B. Finally C. Naturally D. Immediately 10. A. backed B. dived C. inched D. shouted 11. A. cut off B. gone up C. held onto D. slid down 12. A. early B. high C. fast D. close 13. A. training B. hatching C. sowing D. trading 14. A. curious B. hungry C. angry D. bored 15. A. equipment B. moment C. person D. order Ⅲ. 阅读七选五 (2023·河北石家庄模拟) This year, why not think of Earth Day as being like New Year􀆳s Day? 　 1　 Make a plan to do things differently and do something for our mother Earth. Keep on doing one of these for a year and see how it affects your health and the world. Send your kids out to play. Sign up for the 1,000 hours challenge, where families accumulate (积累) 1,000 hours of outdoor play in a year. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -440- 必修第二册　 3 　 2　 Your children will be happier, healthier, and more connected to nature. Learn how to cook five easy main dishes well. By promoting your kitchen skills and developing some of your own recipes, you won􀆳t be so much interested in takeouts and all the related packaging waste. 　 3　 　 4　 Download the Poshmark app onto your phone or visit the ThredUp website before ordering new clothing or shoes online. There are so many companies that there􀆳s a good chance that you􀆳ll find exactly what you need. Visit Facebook Marketplace, local exchanging sites, and more to find what you need in your daily life. Walk or bike, don􀆳t drive. 　 5　 It will require making time adjustments, but if you view that time as an investment in mental and physical health, it􀆳s not so hard to schedule. If you can sell a car, you might be able to justify purchasing an e-bike, which makes low-carbon travel even more accessible and fun. A. Shop second-hand. B. Try some zero waste beauty products. C. It􀆳s a chance to make a lifestyle change. D. If that􀆳s too much, aim for two hours of daily outdoor play. E. Discover the satisfaction that comes with using what you have. F. See if you can use your own leg power for all trips under three miles. G. And you will be more likely to use up food in your fridge before it goes bad. 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 Ⅳ. 语法填空 (2023·福建莆田模拟) Greenpeace is not satisfied 　 1　 the EU move, saying in a statement that the 2032 deadline is too late 　 2　 ( limit) global warming below 1. 5℃. “ Europe desperately needs to decarbonize transport, but ministers missed a 　 3　 ( gold) opportunity. It is now in 　 4　 hands of national authorities to cut car usage, boost public transport, and make more livable cities and towns where more people can cycle or walk,” Greenpeace EU transport campaigner Lorelei Limousin said. Greenpeace criticized EU national governments for 　 5　 ( open ) the door to further promote “expensive and inefficient synthetic ( 合 成 的) fuels that are harmful to the environment and the climate” . The Czech Republic, which 　 6　 ( take) the rotating ( 轮 流 ) six-month presidency of the Council of the EU from France last Friday, has listed energy sector 　 7　 ( transform ) as a priority but said that it must be carried out in a socially and 　 8　 ( economic) sensitive manner so as not to ruin the living standards of EU citizens and the competitiveness of industry. European Commission Executive Vice- President Frans Timmermans, 　 9　 is in charge of the European Green Deal initiative, applauded the agreement by EU environment ministers as setting EU on a path toward 　 10　 ( it) goals. 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 　 6. 　 　 　 　 7. 　 　 　 　 　 8. 　 　 　 　 　 9. 　 　 　 　 10. 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -441- hh
#4 signments. ”可知,用 AI 摆脱写作任务 会给学术诚信和创造性带来威胁。 故 E 项“ It threatens academic integrity and creativity” 承 接 上 文, 符 合 语 境, 故 选 E。 Ⅳ. 语法填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 文章主 要讲述了无人驾驶出租车现在可以在北 京郊区 出 租,这 标 志 着 智 能 交 通 的 新 篇章。 1. fully　 考查副词。 句意:这是全自动驾 驶汽车首次获准在世界级城市行驶。 此处用副词作状语修饰形容词 autono- mous。 2. permission　 考查不可数名词。 句意同 上。 空格处应该填入 permit 的名词形 式 permission 作动词 got 的宾语,表示 “准许”,为不可数名词。 3. were required　 考查时态、语态和主谓 一致。 句意:此前,无人驾驶出租车被 要求配备一名人类司机以防紧急情 况。 结合句意和 previously 可知,句子 应该用一般过去时,句子的主语 rob- otaxis 与动词 require 之间是被动关系, 所以应该用被动语态;robotaxis 是复数 形式, be 动词用 were。 4. to operate　 考查不定式。 句意:然而, 两家公司将被允许运营只有乘客在车 里的无人驾驶出租车。 be allowed to do 表示“被允许做某事”。 5. a　 考查冠词。 句意:这两家公司都是 中国自动驾驶行业的领军企业,它们 在位于北京南郊亦庄的 60 平方公里的 区域内各投放了 10 辆自动驾驶汽车。 结合句意可知,此处表示泛指,故用不 定冠词,60-square-kilometer 的发音以 辅音音素开头,需填不定冠词 a。 6. its　 考查形容词性物主代词。 句意:百 度计划将其自动驾驶网约车服务在 2025 年扩展到 65 个城市,在 2030 年扩 展到 100 个城市。 结合句意可知,此处 用 it 的形容词性物主代词 its 作定语修 饰名词 services。 7. accounting 　 考查现在分词。 句意:据 全球公司 IHS Markit 的科学预测,到 2030 年,中国自动驾驶出租车服务的 市场规模预计将达到 1. 3 万亿元,届时 将占中国网约车市场的 60%。 句中已 有谓语动词 is expected,此处为非谓语 动词作状语, account for 和句子的主 语 The market size for China􀆳s self-driv- ing taxi service 之间是主动关系,所以 空处应该用现在分词 accounting。 8. scientific 　 考查形容词。 句意同上。 此处用形容词作定语修饰名词 fore- casts。 9. for　 考查固定搭配。 句意:无人驾驶 出租车也有望为私人自动驾驶汽车的 发展铺平道路,这有可能成为改变人 们生活的革命性技术。 pave the way for 表示 “为……铺平道路”,是固定 搭配。 10. which 　 考查定语从句。 句意同上。 此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词 为 private autonomous vehicles,在从句 中作主语,故用关系代词 which 引导。 课时作业 5　 HUMANS AND NATURE Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 文章主 要讲述了澳大利亚人对自然的热爱,且 他们对自然的热爱已经成为一种生活方 式了。 1. D　 推理判断题。 根据前三段的内容 可知,Julie 的社区不仅仅关注自然环 境,还把对环境的关心转移到了绿色 健康的生活方式上。 所以 Julie 的社区 对自然的关爱有更深的理解。 2. B 　 细节理解题。 根据第三段的内容 可知,很多退休人士组织园艺方面的 专题讲座,并且进家入户提供培训。 3. A 　 推理判断题。 根据文章第二段 Julie 说的话“Each of us has a beautiful yard. The whole community from chil- dren to elderly people takes care of the environment as if they are taking care of their own garden. ”;第三段 Julie 说的 话“A lot of retired people don􀆳t just reg- ularly organize gardening lectures but also...throughout the year. ”以及第四段 Julie 说的话“ In our community you will never experience the embarrassment of stepping on the dirty waste while you are walking on the grass...”可知,Julie 的社 区的环保意识非常好,她对这个社区 很自豪。 4. B 　 主旨大意题。 本文主要讲述了澳 大利亚人对自然的热爱,且他们对自 然的热爱已经成为一种生活方式了。 故 B 项最适合做文章的标题。 B [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 文章主 要介绍了鹦鹉作为被捕食动物的行为特性 和生存策略,以帮助人们更好地饲养鹦鹉。 5. A　 细节理解题。 根据第二段“Mem- bership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and im- proving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. ”可知,鹦鹉要想更 好地在野外躲避攻击,重要的是要进 行集体生活,故选 A 项。 6. B　 细节理解题。 根据第三段“As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本 能地) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight. ”可知,鹦鹉对危险的 第一反应是逃跑,故选 B 项。 7. D 　 细节理解题。 根据倒数第二段 “Because their biggest enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and be- hind. ” 和“Simple and relatively harm- less household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For exam- ple, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird􀆳s mind. ”可 知,气球能够吓到鹦鹉是因为气球可 能移动速度快,让鹦鹉联想到鹰,故选 D 项。 8. B　 推理判断题。 根据第一段“Parrots are prey animals, which means that oth- er predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influ- ences parrots􀆳 behavior in your house more than any other. ” 和倒数第二段 “Simple and relatively harmless house- hold objects can draw extreme fear re- sponses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacu- um hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird􀆳s mind. ”以 及最后一段可知,作者的写作目的是 对饲养鹦鹉提建议,故选 B 项。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 文章主 要讲述了作者跟随埃塞俄比亚坚持传统 养蜂技艺的 Ziyad 进行的一次独特的采 蜜经历。 1. C　 考查动词词义辨析。 句意:我此行 是见证一次独特的采蜜行动。 A. share 分享;B. collect 收集;C. witness 见证; D. celebrate 庆祝。 根据下文“ I 　 4　 beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jun- gle. ”可知,作者是跟随经验丰富的养 蜂人 Ziyad 见证独特的采蜜行动。 故 选 C 项。 2. D　 考查名词词义辨析。 句意:在埃塞 俄比亚东南部,手工制作的蜂箱被放 在树顶。 A. courtyards 庭院;B. fields 田野;C. caves 洞穴;D. treetops 树顶。 根据下文“higher up the tree trunk”可 知,手工制作的蜂箱是放在树顶高处。 故选 D 项。 3. A　 考查形容词词义辨析。 句意:靠近 树顶的蜂箱采蜜是很困难的,而且相 当危险。 A. dangerous 危险的;B. ur- gent 紧 急 的; C. expensive 昂 贵 的; D. pointless 毫无意义的。 根据 “ The adult bees were 　 14　 and kept attac- king as Ziyad escaped from the tree. ”可 知,采摘蜂蜜可能会招致蜂群持续不 断的攻击,这是很危险的。 故选 A 项。 4. D　 考查动词词义辨析。 句意:我跟随 着养蜂人 Ziyad 走过一片广阔的草地, 进入茂密的丛林。 A. searched 搜索; B. recognized 认 出; C. invited 邀 请; D. followed 跟随。 根据前文“ I was on my way to 　 1　 a unique honey har- 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -566- 参 考 答 案　 vest. ”可知,作者此行是为了跟随养蜂 人 Ziyad,观察如何采蜜。 故选 D 项。 5. B　 考查动词词义辨析。 句意:他采集 了几捧潮湿的树叶,用细绳把它们包 裹起来,最后点燃这捆树叶当火把。 A. cleaned 清 除; B. gathered 采 集; C. dropped 掉落;D. checked 检查。 根 据下文“ handfuls of damp tree leaves” 可知,此处指 Ziyad 采集一些潮湿的树 叶。 故选 B 项。 6. A 　 考查动词词义辨析。 句意同上。 A. lit 点燃;B. shook 摇晃;C. measured 测量;D. decorated 装饰。 根据后文“ to create a torch”可知,此处指点燃用细绳 捆扎的树叶当火把。 故选 A 项。 7. C　 考查动词词义辨析。 句意:然后, 将绳子的一头拴在他的腰间,另一头 则缠绕在一棵大树的树干上。 Ziyad 开始向上攀爬。 A. jumping 跳;B. talk- ing 谈话;C. climbing 攀爬;D. testing 测 试。 根据“ higher up the tree trunk”可 知,Ziyad 要向上爬到树顶,才能采集 到蜂蜜。 故选 C 项。 8. D　 考查名词词义辨析。 句意:他每过 一会儿就停下调整绳索位置,继续向 上攀爬。 A. hives 蜂房;B. leaves 树叶; C. honey 蜂蜜;D. rope 绳索。 根据前 文“Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree”可知,Ziyad 是通过不断 调整绳索的位置,保证自己安全灵活 地向上攀爬。 故选 D 项。 9. B　 考查副词词义辨析。 句意:Ziyad 最终到达了蜂箱。 那儿距离地面大概 有 20 米高。 A. Surprisingly 令人意外 地;B. Finally 最终;C. Naturally 自然 地;D. Immediately 立 刻。 根 据 上 文 “He stopped every few minutes to move the 　 8　 higher up the tree trunk. ”可 知,Ziyad 借助绳索不断向上攀爬,终 于到达树顶放置蜂箱的位置。 故选 B 项。 10. C　 考查动词词义辨析。 句意:他坐 在一节树枝上,小心翼翼地将火把靠 近蜂箱,将烟吹入蜂箱的一个小孔 里。 A. backed 支持;B. dived 跳水; C. inched 谨慎移动;D. shouted 对…… 大声喊叫。 根据上文“Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often 　 3　 . ”可知,采集蜂蜜是困难且危 险的工作,此处指 Ziyad 小心翼翼地 将火把靠近蜂箱,将烟吹入蜂箱中。 故选 C 项。 11. D 　 考查动词短语辨析。 句意:几秒 钟之内,他就从树干滑下,重新回到 地面。 A. cut off 切除;B. gone up 上 升;C. held onto 抓牢;D. slid down 滑 下。 根 据 后 文 “ was back on the ground”可知,Ziyad 是从树顶滑下,回 到地面。 故选 D 项。 12. A 　 考查形容词词义辨析。 句意:现 在采集蜂蜜还为时尚早。 A. early 早 的;B. high 高 的; C. fast 快 速 的; D. close 亲近的。 根据下文 “A cool summer had delayed 　 13　 . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs (蜂 巢) . ”可知,蜜蜂幼虫尚未成年,蜂蜜 酿造完成还需要一段时日。 故选 A 项。 13. B　 考查动词词义辨析。 句意:夏天凉 爽的气温延迟了幼虫的孵化。 A. train- ing 培训;B. hatching 孵化;C. sowing 播种;D. trading 交换。 根据后文“Ba- by bees were still in the honeycombs (蜂巢) . ”可知,此时蜜蜂幼虫较以往 孵化 时 间 更 晚, 尚 未 成 年。 故 选 B 项。 14. C　 考查形容词词义辨析。 句意:Ziy- ad 从树上逃离时,成年蜂群被激怒 了,持续不断地攻击他。 A. curious 好 奇的;B. hungry 饥饿的;C. angry 生气 的;D. bored 无聊的。 根据下文“kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree” 可 知, 蜜 蜂 被 激 怒 了。 故 选 C 项。 15. B　 考查名词词义辨析。 句意:他需 要等待合适的时刻,再次爬上树。 A. equipment 设备;B. moment 时刻; C. person 个人;D. order 命令。 根据 上 文 “ A cool summer had delayed 　 13　 . Baby bees were still in the ho- neycombs (蜂巢) . ”可知,Ziyad 只好 另待时机,等幼虫变成成年蜜蜂后, 再来采蜜。 故选 B 项。 Ⅲ. 阅读七选五 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 文章主 要介绍的是在地球日这天,我们应如何 在日常生活中采取实际行动保护地球。 1. C 　 根据空后的 “Make a plan to do things differently and do something for our mother Earth. ”可知,作者建议在地 球日这天制订计划做一些不同的事 情,而空前“This year, why not think of Earth Day as being like New Year􀆳s Day?”也是作者建议把地球日看作新 年, C 选项“ It􀆳s a chance to make a life- style change. ”引出了下文的内容,同 时承接了上文的内容,符合逻辑。 故 选 C 项。 2. D　 根据本段的主题句“Send your kids out to play. ”可知,本段主要讲述的是 户外活动,D 选项“ If that􀆳s too much, aim for two hours of daily outdoor play. ”中的 outdoor play 属于同词复 现,且与空前的“Sign up for the 1,000 hours challenge, where families accumu- late (积累) 1,000 hours of outdoor play in a year. ” 讲述的内容相关,其中的 that 指代的是 “ 1, 000 hours”。 故选 D 项。 3. G　 根据本段的主题句“Learn how to cook five easy main dishes well. ”可知, 该段讲述的是学会做几道菜,G 选项 “And you will be more likely to use up food in your fridge before it goes bad. ” 讲述的内容与做饭相关,且与空前的 “By promoting your kitchen skills and developing some of your own recipes, you won􀆳t be so much interested in take- outs and all the related packaging waste. ”均是讲述的是自己下厨的一些 好处,And 为解题的关键信息。 故选 G 项。 4. A 　 根据空后的“Download the Posh- mark app onto your phone or visit the ThredUp website before ordering new clothing or shoes online. ”可知,作者建 议在买新衣服或鞋子之前,先去二手 物品的网站上转转,由此可知本段讲 述的是购买二手物品,A 选项 “ Shop second-hand. ”为祈使句,且内容与本 段内容吻合。 故选 A 项。 5. F　 根据本段的主题句“Walk or bike, don􀆳t drive. ”可知,本段讲述的是走路 或骑行,不开车,F 选项“See if you can use your own leg power for all trips un- der three miles. ”讲述的内容是对该主 题句的进一步说明,符合语境。 故选 F 项。 Ⅳ. 语法填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。 绿色 和平组织在一份声明中表示,要将全球 变暖控制在 1. 5℃以下,2032 年的最后期 限为时已晚。 1. with　 考查介词。 句意:绿色和平组织 对欧盟的举动不满意,他们在一份声 明中表示,要将全球变暖控制在 1. 5℃ 以下,2032 年的最后期限为时已晚。 be satisfied with 是 固 定 搭 配, 意 为 “对……满意”,因此空格处是介词 with。 2. to limit　 考查动词不定式。 句意同上。 “ too+形容词+to do”意为“太……而不 能……”, 因 此 空 格 处 是 不 定 式 to limit。 3. golden　 考查形容词。 句意:欧洲迫切 需要降低交通运输的碳排放,但部长 们错过了一个黄金机会。 分析句子可 知空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词 opportunity,故填 golden,意为“黄金的”。 4. the　 考查冠词。 句意:现在,减少汽车 使用量、促进公共交通、建设更宜居的 城镇,让更多的人可以骑自行车或步 行,这些都掌握在国家当局的手中。 in the hands of sb. 是固定短语,意为“在 某人手中”,后面有 of 短语限定,所以 用定冠词 the。 5. opening　 考查动名词。 句意:绿色和 平组织对欧盟各国政府为进一步推广 “对环境和气候有害的昂贵而低效的 合成燃料”敞开了大门表示批评。 for 是介词,其后跟动名词作宾语。 6. took　 考查动词时态。 句意:上周五从 法国手中接任欧盟理事会六个月轮值 主席国的捷克已将能源行业转型列为 优先事项,但表示,转型必须以一种对 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -567- hh
#4 社会和经济敏感的方式进行,以免破 坏欧盟公民的生活水平和工业竞争 力。 由 last Friday 可知,句子描述过去 的事情,时态用一般过去时,故填 took。 7. transformation　 考查名词。 句意同上。 分析句子可知空格处用名词作宾语, 此处表示“能源行业转型”,空格处用 名词形式 transformation。 8. economically　 考查副词。 句意同上。 分析句子可知 sensitive 是形容词,用副 词修饰,故填 economically,意为“在经 济上”。 9. who　 考查非限制性定语从句。 句意: 负责欧洲绿色协议倡议的欧盟委员会 执行副主席 Frans Timmermans 对欧盟 环境部长达成的协议表示赞赏,认为 这使欧盟走上了实现其目标的道路。 分析句子可知空格处引导的是非限制 性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词 European Commission Executive Vice- President Frans Timmermans 是人,因此 用关系代词 who。 10. its　 考查形容词性物主代词。 句意同 上。 此处表示“使欧盟走上了实现其 目标的道路”,空格处意为“它的”,用 形容 词 性 物 主 代 词 its 修 饰 名 词 goals。 课时作业6　 THE ADMIRABLE Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 文章主 要讲述了一本书———Marie Curie and her Daughters,书中讲述了居里夫人和她的 两个女儿的关系,她鼓励女儿做自己,鼓 励她们要塑造自己的个性,居里夫人不 仅是一个伟大的科学家而且也是一个优 秀的母亲。 1. C 　 细节理解题。 根据文章第二段第 二句中的“was much happier in English Language or History classes”可知,作者 在学校比较擅长英语和历史。 2. C 　 推理判断题。 根据文章第三段最 后一句“Marie was a caring and loving mother, who encouraged her daughters to become individuals, to achieve what they wanted to. ”可知,Marie Curie 是 一个善良慈爱的母亲,她鼓励孩子成 为独立的个体,去实现她们想要的。 由此可以推断出,在 Irene 和 Eve 的眼 里,Marie Curie 鼓励她们形成自己的 个性。 3. D　 推理判断题。 根据文章倒数第二 段的内容可知,Marie Curie 和她的丈 夫决定不从他们的发现中获利,正是 由于这一点,Marie Curie 不得不依靠 捐款来完成她的工作,也不得不游历 于各州之间。 由此推断出,Marie Curie 在各州之间游历的原因是她想继续进 行研究,却不愿意从他们的发现中 获利。 4. A　 细节理解题。 根据文章第三段第 一句 “ Shelley Emling has based this book on Marie Curie􀆳s relationship with her two daughters, Irene and Eve. ” 可 知,Shelley Emling 写的这本书,重点写 了 Marie Curie 和她两个女儿之间的关 系。 B [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 文章介 绍了 太 阳 物 理 学 的 领 军 人 物, Eugene Newman Parker 的贡献以及他对年轻人 的影响。 5. C　 推理判断题。 根据第二段中“Par- ker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system ” 以 及 “NASA even stated that ‘ the field of heliophysics exists in large part because of Dr Eugene Parker’ . ”可知,Parker 对 整个太阳物理学领域做出了极大的贡 献,他是值得被赞扬的。 6. A　 推理判断题。 根据第三段中“The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an absolute vacuum(真空), and was thus complete- ly empty of any matter. ”可知,人们起 初对 Parker 的“太阳风”理论持怀疑态 度,因为它违背了当时的流行观点。 7. C 　 细节理解题。 根据倒数第二段中 “That experience likely led to the advice Parker often gave young researchers: ‘ If you do something new or innovative,ex- pect trouble. But think critically about it because if you􀆳re wrong, you want to be the first one to know that. ’”可知,Par- ker 给年轻人的建议是通过反复试验 摸索学习。 8. D 　 推 理 判 断 题。 根 据 第 二 段 中 “Hailed (誉为) as a visionary in the field of heliophysics, Parker revolution- ized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system. ” 以 及 最 后 一 段 中 “ Parker was humble, straightforward, and wise. ”可知,Parker 是杰出但谦逊 的。 A. Straightforward and generous 直 爽大方的;B. Responsible and accessible 负责任且平易近人的;C. Intelligent yet conservative 聪明但保守的;D. Distin- guished yet modest. 杰出但谦逊的。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 文章讲 述了哥伦布在庆功会上,用立鸡蛋这样 一个小试验,让所有人对他的成就无话 可说的故事。 1. C　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. decision 决 定;B. schedule 计划,进度表;C. discov- ery 发现;D. statement 声明,报告。 根 据下文的 “You have discovered new 　 3　 beyond the seas”可知,此处指哥 伦布发现了新大陆,所以是指“你的发 现多么伟大”。 故选 C 项。 2. B　 考查形容词词义辨析。 A. unhurt 没有受伤的;B. uncomfortable 感到不 舒服的,身体不适的;C. unfortunate 不 幸的;D. unafraid 不怕的,无畏的。 根 据后面“but what of that? Anybody can 　 4　 across the ocean and anybody can coast along the islands on the other side. ”可知,这些人是在说一些哥伦布 的酸话,这些话会令人不舒服。 故选 B 项。 3. C　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. substances 物质;B. oceans 海洋;C. lands 陆地; D. treasures 珍宝。 根据常识可知,哥伦 布发现了新大陆。 故选 C 项。 4. A　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. sail 航行; B. run 跑步;C. walk 行走;D. hike 徒步 旅行。 根据后面的“ across the ocean” 可知,此处指横渡大洋。 故选 A 项。 5. D　 考查形容词词义辨析。 A. greatest 最好的;B. worst 最糟的;C. hardest 最 难的;D. simplest 最简单的。 根据后面 的 “All you need to do is sail west. That􀆳s not a( n) 　 6　 feat (功绩) . ” 可知,他们觉得只需要向西航行就行, 所以是最简单的事。 故选 D 项。 6. C　 考查形容词词义辨析。 A. small 小 的;B. useless 无用的;C. remarkable 非 凡的;D. ordinary 普通的。 根据 “All you need to do is sail west. That􀆳s not a(n) 　 6　 feat (功绩) . ”可知,这些 人觉得只需要向西航行就可以发现新 大陆,所以并不是什么“了不起”的成 就。 故选 C 项。 7. B　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. apology 道 歉;B. answer 回答; C. mistake 错误; D. secret 秘密。 根据上文别人说的话 可知,此处指哥伦布没有回答。 故选 B 项。 8. D　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. roll 翻滚; B. sit 坐下;C. fall 跌倒;D. stand 站立, 直立。 根据下文“After that, there was no 　 14　 in making it stand upright. ” 可知,此处是在问谁能把鸡蛋立起来。 故选 D 项。 9. A　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. magician 魔法师;B. sailor 水手;C. planner 规划 者; D. doctor 医 生。 根 据 前 面 的 “That􀆳s impossible”可知,大家都觉得 不可能做到,所以此处指只有魔法师 才可以做到。 故选 A 项。 10. C　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. evaluated 评估;B. finished 结束;C. tried 尝试; D. designed 设计。 根据“One by one, those at the table 　 10　 the experi- ment. 　 11　 , none of them succee- ded. ”可知,此处指一个又一个人尝 试了这个试验。 故选 C 项。 11. B　 考查短语辨析。 A. Above all 最重 要的是; B. At last 最后; C. For in- stance 例如;D. In addition 此外。 根据 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -568-