技巧08 起承转合关联读后续写-【同步写作课】2024-2025学年高二英语读后续写基础技巧与整体演练(通用版)

高二英语读后续写基础技巧与整体演练 技巧08 起承转合关联读后续写 “起承转合” 理论模型是中国古代关于写作原理的最高成就 。“起承转合”之法最早出现于汉语诗歌的韵脚格律中，后又被运用于 “八股文”等其他文体，近代也被用于各种写作创作中 。作为写作结构章法术语， “起” 是指起始开端；“承” 是承接上文加以申述； “ 转” 是转折 ，从正面反面立论 ；“合” 是结束全文。如诗仙李白的《 静夜思》：床前明月光（起），疑是地上霜（承）；举头望明月转），低头思故“ 起承转合” 理论模型是中国古代关于写作原理的最高成就。“起承转合”之法最早出现于汉语诗歌的韵脚格律中，后又被运用于 “八股文 ” 等其他文体 ，近代也被用于各种写作创作中。作为写作结构章法术语， “起” 是指起始开端；“承”是承接上文加以申述；“转”是转折，从正面反面立论；“合”是结束全文。如诗仙李白的《静夜思》：床前明月光（起），疑是地上霜（承）；举头望明月（转），低头思故乡（合）。 有人认为“起承转合”是一种固化的模式，像八股文一样，禁锢了写作的思维，减弱了写作思维创造力。但实质上，“起承转合”的本质是“重复”和“对比”两种思维操作模型的有机组合运用。只要我们能真正理解其原理和实质，加以灵活运用，就能创造性地生成各种自由组合模式，如“起－承－承－合”，“起－承－承－转－合”，甚至“起－转－转－转－合”等，从而在写作思维上获得真正的自由。 因此，“起承转合”既是一种文章写作的基本规律和原理，让写作者可以直接使用或加以变化，也是一种思维方式和习惯，能够给学写文章的人提供一个从无话可说到有话可说的文本内容结构的思维操作模式。对于写不出、不会写的学生来说，“起承转合”正是一条写作入门的路径。 “起承转合”对于读后续写的指导意义在于：（1）“起承转合”提供了文章的章法。作为一种篇章结构，起承转合固定下来的模式使得文章在内容和形式上呈现出完整性，使文章条理分明，结构完整，从而帮助学生解决谋篇布局问题。（2）“起承转合”能开拓写作思路，以结构化了的章法模型来吸附和凝练学生心中已有的材料，从而生成所需要的篇章模型。这就是文章形式对文章内容的反推作用。从这个意义来说，“起承转合”不仅提供模板解决了“怎么写”的难题，还间接提示了学生“写什么”。（3）“起承转合”能使写作思维逻辑显性化。语篇逻辑的体现不仅仅在于衔接词，更重要的在于内容。句与句，段与段之间的关系，不仅仅体现层次与层次之间的相互勾连，实质上也是一种文章内容之间的深层次递进，体现了写作思维的逻辑性。“起承转合”能让写作逻辑看得见，就读后续写任务而言，“起”就是故事的开端；“承”是承接开端进一步推进故事的发展；“转”是从正面继续推进或转到反面建立故事的矛盾冲突达到故事高潮；“合”则是解决矛盾冲突以正能量结局结束全文。 “起承转合”在读后续写教学中的实践 基于以上所述，在面对读后续写新题型时，笔者尝试从“起承转合”的角度来指导学生进行写作。主要从下面三个方面开展： （一）感受中英文“起承转合”写作章法模型 “起承转合”来自汉语，对“起承转合”的理解用母语的例子来解析最为易懂。最简单的是诗歌中的“起承转合”，如唐朝诗人孟浩然的《春晓》：春眠不觉晓（起），处处闻啼鸟（承）。夜来风雨声（转），花落知多少（合）。起为开端，承为进一步的描写，转为语境的画风突变，合为故事点题以及作者的情感落脚之处。又如李白的《朝发白帝城》：朝辞白帝彩云间（起），千里江陵一日还（承）。两岸猿声啼不住（转），轻舟已过万重山（合）。起得清新美丽欢快，承接原情调进一步展开，突转画风为愁怨凄厉，终又回到清新美丽欢快。现代文写作中，鲁迅先生对“起承转合”模式也有灵活的使用。小说《故乡》开头对故乡的描写为全文定下了荒凉萧索的基调，是为“起”；第二天回到家中对凄凉的母亲的描写，是为“承”；然后母亲提及润土带来大片美好的回忆，在情调上进行了“转”；最后见到润土和杨二嫂对其丑陋形象和扭曲灵魂的描写又回到了小说凄凉萧索的基调，是为“合”。 英语文体也有同样的模型。如下面的文章Social Practice(有删节)。 Recently,social practice has gained more and more popularity in universities and college. There is no doubt that social practice has many advantages.To begin with,students can get a chance to contact society and meet all walks of people through social practice....Besides,by applying the knowledge that they have learned in class to practical work,students can know themselves better.Lastly,social practice can give students financial help and enable them independent of their family. However,there is no denying that some problems may arise if no correct guidance is made.Some students may get overly interested in social practice and want to work full-time,thus neglecting their studies.And some students are likely to get in touch with the dark side of society,which will affect their future studies. Aiming at carrying out social practice smoothly,students should first make clear its objective.Studies should always put in the first place and social practice should be treated as a useful supplement,so the students need to keep a balance between social practice and their studies. 这是一篇很典型的解释性说明文。全文结构是“总-分-分-总”,提出问题-正面分析问题-反面分析问题-提出解决办法。与汉语的“起-承-转-合”模式一致。 (二)欣赏叙事性文体中的“起承转合” 鉴于我们要解决的是读后续写的问题，读后续写属于叙事性体裁，因此，笔者特意跟学生分享了故事叙述中的“起承转合”结构。 1.从语言迁移的角度考虑，以《西游记》为例，进行故事模型的建构。《西游记》是我们大多数人最为熟悉的名著(名剧)。里面的每一个故事(剧集)基本上都按照一定的模式去开展。首先是唐僧师徒四人出发，此为“起”;然后进一步描写他们的旅途，此为“承”;接着在某种情形下必定遇上妖怪，师傅陷入危险，此为“转”;最后在自己或他神的帮助之下顺利解救师傅解决问题，此为“合”。所以，我们读后续写的每一个故事的整体谋篇布局，都可以按照《西游记》的模式去进行构思。 2.从故事本身出发，以情节推进为重点，着重细节描写。《水浒传》里有这么一个故事：三拳打死镇关西。寥寥数字已经说完了一个故事情节。这样的话，岂不是后续无话可写了?学生在写作中遇到无话可说的难题也是如此。要解此困境，关键在于细节描写。我们不妨把“三拳打死镇关西”这七字故事扩展一下，完善成以下小故事：鲁达、李忠、史进三人到潘家酒楼喝酒(起),听了金家父女对镇关西强媒硬娶，虚钱实契强占翠莲，又将她赶出，还向金家追要典身钱的血泪控诉(承),鲁达对镇关西大怒，当即赠送银两，第二天继而三拳打死郑屠，为民除害(转)。从此以后，他亡命江湖，最后被逼上梁山(合)。如此，读后续写的每一个段落中的情节片段也可以按此模式展开。 由此可见，叙事性文体中的“起承转合”实质就是故事写作的“开端-发展-高潮-结局”。 (三)实践基于“起承转合”模式的英语叙事文体语篇分析与后续写作 读后续写，顾名思义，先读后写，包括读懂原文和续写故事两个主要方面。笔者的解题步骤相应包括两个方面：用“起承转合”模型分析解读理解原文；再用“起承转合”模式完成后续故事撰写。下面以两个案例来说明： 【写作案例1】 What my father wore embarrassed me!I wanted him to dress like a doctor or lawyer,but he always dressed like my father,getting up before dawn every day to make breakfast for my mother and me.We lived in South Texas,where my father worked as a repairman.He often wore a pair of jeans and a shirt,keeping his pencils,glasses and wrenches(扳手)in his breast pocket.His boots were those with steel toes that made them difficult to pull off his feet,which I sometimes helped him with when he returned from repairing cars—his job that also shamed me. I blamed the way he dressed.I felt that my classmates laughed at me because they'd seen him mowing lawns(修剪草坪)in cut-off jeans and black boots.My classmates' families paid men to beautify their lawns,while their fathers travelled in the bay wearing lemon-yellow sweaters and expensive shoes. He preferred clothes that allowed him the freedom to move under cars.So even when taking part in a school trip with me,he was dressed in his repairman's suit.On the school bus to the campsite,all students on the bus happily chatted with their parents except me,who lowered the head,avoiding spotting my classmate smocking glance(讥笑的眼光)or hearing their jokes,which I thought was about nothing else but what my father wore. I regretted telling my parents the school trip,and I was very angry why my mother had no spare time while my father happened to have a vacation.But my father failed to read my mind.He was very happy,whistling a tune along the way. Though my father didn't sense my bad mood,the school bus seemed as sad as I was.It drove more and more slowly and finally it stopped on the roadside.The driver got out to check the bus butfound nothing wrong.Students and parents on the bus began to whisper about what was happening,worried that the delay might spoil the journey. 【写作分析】 1.“起承转合”原文解读 开端(起),是问题的提出部分：父亲是一位修理工，一身工作服的穿着让我很尴尬，我希望他穿着得体，像个医生或律师那样。 发展(承),是矛盾冲突的升级，解决办法初现的部分：有一次我们班开展郊游活动，爸爸依然穿着修理工的衣服来参加。途中汽车出故障抛锚了，司机检查不出问题所在。大家都很担心郊游会被毁了。 原文故事就到这里为止。按照叙事性文体“开端(起)-发展(承)-高潮(转)-结局(合)”的谋篇布局，接下来要学生续写的两个段落应该是故事的高潮(转)和结局(合)部分。 2.“起承转合”故事续写 按照上面的布局可知，后续的高潮(转)和结局(合)各占一段。每一段的写作又可以按照“起承转合”的模式去展开。我们可以这样写作： 续写第一段：When others were complaining ,my father stood up.(起：爸爸)At the thought that he would offer his assistance reduce people's anxiety,a great sense of delight flooded over him.He approached the driver,explaining that he was a repairman could offer to help.(承：爸爸)Seeing him crawling under the bus,I was overwhelmed by a feeling of embarrassment.Ilowered my head,trying not to spot my classmates' scornful look.(转：我)However,the following moments witnessed my father's professional skills in repair.(合：结果) 续写第一段是故事的高潮(转)部分，也就是矛盾冲突得以解决的主要阵地。根据首句的起点爸爸站起来，第二句和第三句承接前文写爸爸的情感和行为。然后转到对“我”的心理、情感和行动的描写。最后一句合是指本段解决问题的结果：爸爸把车修好了。 续写第二段：The school bus restarted and everyone cheered.(起：每个人)Everyone was impressed by my father's enthusiasm and superb skills.No sooner had my father stepped on the bus than they burst into thunderous applause.My classmates expressed gratitude to my father and said to me,“Hey,your father is so cool!”(承：每个人)Seeing their eyes twinkling with admiration,I felt extremely guilty but proud of my father,tears streaming down my cheeks.(转：我)While my father didn't dress like a doctor or a lawyer,he taught me the profound truth that what really matters is not the way we wear but the way we act.(合：升华主题) 续写第二段是故事的结局(合)部分。爸爸修好车后，根据首句起点每个人的欢呼，承接上文继续写每个人如何欢呼以及如何行动。然后转到“我”的转变描写。最后一句合是点明主旨，升华主题，以“我最后明白了，真正重要的不是一个人的外表，而是一个人的行动”来结束全文。 【案例示例2】 With the start of new school,freshmen of Hendersonville High School in Nashville were excited to meet new classmates and teachers.Among them,however,15-year-old Sergio Peralta was feeling very nervous because his right hand had never fully formed since he was born.Going to a new school and being“different”Is always scary.Sergio was particularly concerned with what his classmates would think of him. Sergio's parents had trained him to use his left hand from a nearly age.As he grew up,he was used to not using his right hand.He could write with his left one and do some things with special tricks or techniques.Despite this,in the first days of new school,Sergio always felt like hiding his underdeveloped right hand in his sleeve as if nobody would ever find out if he did so. It didn't take long for someone to learn Sergio's secret.Jeff Wilkins,the teacher of Sergio's engineering class,figured out that sergio was missing part of his hand and decided to do something for the new student.Jeff had been leading a robotics project in the school and expert in 3D printing technology.Besides,he hoped to take advantage of this hands-on chance to help his robotics students learn more about engineering and how building a robotic hand worked. So in his class,Jeff announced with great enthusiasm,“You're supposed to be engineering,coming up with new ideas and solving issues.Now Sergio needs a new hand,so we'll work together to build Sergio a robotic hand.”His words fueled everyone's curiosity and creativity. For the next four weeks,Jeff and his class including Sergio worked on the project.After some precise measurements and researches,the class put forward a design draft.Jeff made a few adjustments and gave them some practical suggestions.With access to online models and a 3D printer,they eventually created a robotic hand,which was intended to look good and work well,like catching something. 【写作分析】 1.“起承转合”原文解读 开端(起),是问题的提出部分：Sergio是一位右手有缺失的学生。由于身体的不同而非常害怕同学们对他的态度。虽然他从小被训练能用左手去做事情，但是他还是尝试去藏起他的右手。 发展(承),是矛盾冲突的升级，解决办法初现的部分：老师Jeff发现了Sergio的事情，决定和同学们一起，利用他们的专长——3D打印技术去帮助Sergio。经过四个星期的努力，他们最终造出了一个机械手臂。 原文故事就到这里为止。按照叙事性文体“开端(起)-发展(承)-高潮(转)-结局(合)”的谋篇布局，接下来要学生续写的两个段落应该是故事的高潮(转)和结局(合)部分。 2.“起承转合”故事续写 按照上面的布局可知，后续的高潮(转)和结局(合)各占一段。每一段的写作又可以按照“起承转合”的模式去展开。我们可以这样写作： 续写第一段：Then came the final testing day.(起：最后的测试日)With the mixture of anxiety and upset,Sergio couldn't wait for the exciting moment to come.The whole class gathered in the science classroom,watching breathlessly as Jeff carefully loaded their self-made robotic hand onto Sergio's right arm.It fitted quite well!(承：测试日)So excited was Sergio that his arm trembled slightly.Having put a baseball on the desk,Jeff signed to Sergio to pick it up.Slowly,Sergio extended his right hand and reached for the ball.Successfully he caught hold of it and everyone present broke into cheers!Holding the ball,Sergio couldn't containhis tears.(转：Sergio)Never in his life did he expect to catch something with his right hand!(合：成功了) 续写第一段是故事的高潮(转)部分，也就是矛盾冲突得以解决的主要阵地。根据首句的起点最终的测试日的到来，接下来三句承接前文写测试日的操作。然后转到对主人公Sergio的心理、情感和行动的描写。最后一句合是指本段解决问题的结果：Sergio终于能用右手来抓住东西了。 续写第二段：The life-changing gift for Sergio drew huge attention.(起：改变一生的礼物，巨大的关注).With the well-looked and well-working robotic hand,Sergio felt a wave of gratitude to his teacher and his classmates.He thought he would never feel nervous again on the first school day any more in his life.(承：改变一生的礼物)Jeff and his students became an instant hit and various media competed to cover the news.With a great relief and great joy,they expressed their sincere hope for Sergio.(转：Jeff和同学们，巨大的关注)Life may be full of ups and downs,but with advanced technology,there is always hope to overcome any difficulty.Never should we lose hope for life!(合：升华主题) 续写第二段是故事的结局(合)部分。测试成功后，根据首句起点改变一生的礼物，承接上文继续写这份礼物带给主人公Sergio的影响。然后转到另一个角度———引发巨大的关注和对师生的描写。最后一句合是点明主旨，升华主题，以“生活总是充满了困难，但是总有办法解决。所以，永远不要对生活失去希望”来结束全文。 由此可见，按照“起承转合”模式去行文，既使得各段落内的故事完整，内容充实，也让叙事的逻辑清晰可见。站在全篇文章的高度，原文的“开端-发展”,续以写作任务的“高潮-结局”,使全文故事完整，思维清晰，逻辑合理，表述流畅。“起承转合”模式既适用于分析解读理解全文的故事结构，从而站在语篇的高度决定续写内容，还可用于段落写作，帮助学生把每一段的内容有矛盾有冲突地发展到高潮并得以解决，让情节跌宕起伏，故事完整，逻辑清晰。 1．（24-25高二上·云南昆明·开学考试）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mr Phillips was just getting ready to leave his office when he remembered that his wife had asked him to buy some bananas. When he stepped out, he saw an old lady across the road. She was selling fresh bananas on the street. Mr Phillips usually bought bananas from a shop a few blocks away from his office, but since he was in a hurry to reach home that day, he thought about buying them from the old lady. So he went to her and asked her the price. She said it was $7 per kilogram. He said, But the shop where I usually buy bananas sells them for $5 per kilogram. Can you sell them for the same price?“ The old lady said,” No, sir. I cannot afford to match that price. I can sell them to you for $6 per kilogram. That’s the best price I can offer.“ Mr Phillips told her,” Never mind.“ Then he left in his car to wards the usual shop. He went inside and picked up a good bunch of bananas. He went to the cashier (收银员) to pay for them, but he was surprised when the cashier told him that the price per kilogram was $10.He told the cashier,” I have been buying bananas here for some years. Can’t you offer a better deal to regular customers?” The manager heard their conversation and told Mr Phillips,“ Sorry, sir, but our prices are fixed. We do not bargain.” Mr Phillips felt very unhappy. He thought for a second and put those bananas back. He decided not to buy anything from the shop in the future. Then he went back to the old lady. She recognized him and told him with tears, “Sir, I can’t match that price. How can I survive without earning any money ?”I have to support myself with the little money I earn.“ Mr Phillips told her,” Don’t worry about the price. I will pay you $10 per kilogram! No, give me 2kg.” 注意： 1、续写词数应为150左右; 2、请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: The old lady got very happy and packed the bananas. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Mr Philips told her, “Don’t worry.” ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．（23-24高二下·河南新乡·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Jenny was the only child in her home. She had a quarrel with her mother that afternoon and she ran out of the house angrily. She couldn’t help weeping when she thought of the scolding from her mother. Having wandered in the street for hours, she felt a little hungry and wished for something to eat. She stood beside a stand for a while, watching the middle-aged seller busy doing his business. However, with no money in hand, she sighed and had to leave. The seller behind the stand noticed the young girl and asked, “Hey, girl, you want to have the noodles?” “Oh, yes…but I don’t have money on me,” she replied. “That’s nothing. I’ll treat you today,” said the man. “Come in.” The seller brought her a bowl of noodles, whose smell was so attractive. As she was eating, Jenny cried silently.“What is it?” asked the man kindly. “Nothing, actually I was just touched by your kindness!” said Jenny. “Even a stranger on the street will give me a bowl of noodles, while my mother drove me out of the house. She showed no care for me. She is so merciless compared to a stranger!” Hearing the words, the seller smiled, “Girl, do you really think so? I only gave you a bowl of noodles and you thanked me a lot. But it is your mother who has raised you since you were a baby. Can you number the times she cooked for you? Have you expressed your gratitude to her?” Jenny sat there, speechless and numb with shock; she remembered Mother’s familiar face and weathered (沧桑的) hands. “Why did I not think of that? A bowl of noodles from a stranger made me feel grateful, but I have never thanked my mum for what she has done for me.” On the way home, Jenny made up her mind to make an apology to her mother for her rudeness as soon as she arrived home. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: Nearing the doorway, Jenny took a deep breath. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: A gentle touch on her hair called her mind back. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．（23-24高二上·四川乐山·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Life at 16 took an unexpected turn when my parents decided to move our family from Texas to Arizona. In just two weeks, I had to say goodbye to my beloved teachers, dearest classmates and my best friends. I felt a sense of blame toward my parents for what seemed like turning my world upside down. I told everyone I’d be returning to Texas as soon as possible. Upon arriving in Arizona, I made sure everyone knew I had friends waiting for me back in Texas. I was determined to keep my distance, firmly believing that I’d be leaving soon. The first day of school was a painful experience as I missed my friends in Texas badly. My life felt like it had come to an end. Eventually though, things got a little better. In my art class, sitting just three seats away from me in the same front row was an outgoing girl with the most beautiful blue eyes I had ever seen. Her talent in art shone through her creations, and her lively spirit drew me in. I saw inspiration and connection in her that I so badly needed. Gathering my courage, I decided to talk to her. “Hi, my name is Sheila; what’s yours?” I asked with a Texan accent. The girl next to her thought that I was asking her. “Emily.” “Oh, hi, Emily,” I played along. “What’s your name?” I asked again, focusing my attention on the blue-eyed girl. She looked behind her, not believing that I could be asking her for her name. “Jessie,” she answered quietly. “Hi, Jessie!” I smiled and returned to my work, awkward but satisfied. Little did I know, that chance encounter would change the course of my life. 注意： 1. 续写词数为150左右;2. 请按如下格式作答。 Sharing the love for art, Jessie, Emily and I quickly developed close friendship. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ As time passed, the pain of leaving Texas gradually disappeared. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．（23-24高二上·江西吉安·开学考试）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 One young excellent person went to apply for a position in a big company. After he passed the first interview, the director did the last interview and made the last decision. The director discovered from the CV that the youth’s academic (学术的) achievements were excellent all the way, from high school to the postgraduate (研究生) research. The director asked, “Did you get any scholarships in school?” The youth answered “No”. The director asked, “Was it your father who paid your school fees?” The youth answered, “My father passed away when I was one year old. It was my mother who paid my school fees.” The director asked, “Where did your mother work?” The youth answered, “My mother worked as a clothes cleaner.” The director requested the youth to show his hands. The youth showed a pair of hands that were smooth and perfect. The director asked, “Have you ever helped your mother wash the clothes before?” The youth answered, “Never. My mother always wanted me to study and read more books. What’s more, my mother can wash clothes faster than me”. The director said, “I have a request. When you go back today, go and clean your mother’s hands, and then see me tomorrow morning”. The youth felt that his chance of getting a job was high. When he went back, he happily requested his mother to let him clean his hands. His mother felt strange, happy but with mixed feelings, and she showed her hands to the youth. The youth cleaned his mother’s hands slowly. It was the first time that he had noticed that his mother’s hands were so wrinkled, and there were so many cuts in her hands. Some cuts were so painful that his mother shivered (颤抖) when they were cleaned with water. Paragraph 1: Tears streamed down his cheeks. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: The next morning, the youth went to the director’s office. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．（23-24高一下·山东日照·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 One day, Emma’s mother brought Emma to her favorite steak house (牛排餐厅). She was excited all the way when she was sitting in her mother’s car. Listening to the wonderful music, she couldn’t help but dance in the back seat. Considering her safety, her mother had to stop her and said, “Hey! My sweety! Please be quiet and fasten your seat belt!” “Okay! Mom,” she answered while continuing to roll down the car window. “Emma! Don’t head out of the window! This is very dangerous! No hands either!” Mom raised his voice as she spoke. She said yes and then quietly sat back in place. But there was no previous happiness. She got off in silence and ordered meals silently. Her mother thought that perhaps her tone had just been too urgent, and she tried to make her happy. “Sweetheart, this is a monthly steak appointment. Can you enjoy it with your mom happily?” Emma nodded silently but continued to stare out of the window. Ten minutes later, Emma looked at the large plate of steak and potatoes as if she had no intention of eating them. Mom sighed and asked, “Isn’t it your favorite steak, sweetheart?” “It is, mom,” Emma said in a low voice. After listening to her answer, Mom brought the steak and planned to help her daughter cut it into small pieces as before. “No, mom, she quickly reached out for the plate. “I can only eat it once a month, right?” “Yes, we made a promise about this,” said the mother. “Can I just give it to him?” Emma cautiously asked, and her-eyes filled with expectations. Following the direction of her finger, there was a homeless man in tattered (破烂的) clothes. And she realized that the man was the figure that flashed by the roadside when her daughter leaned out of the window in the car. “Of course, you can,” her mother agreed. 注意： (1) 续写词数应为120左右; (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Emma quickly left the table with the full plate of food in hand. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ As Emma returned, her mother smiled proudly. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Isabel sat carefully inserting papers into a folder. She had been at the Nature Center's office all morning and was weary of filing the papers. She desperately wanted to work with the animals, especially the birds in the center. But her mom, who was the assistant director of the center, said Isabel was too young. “I've been a weekend volunteer this whole school year. I know more about birds than almost anyone else here,” she said to herself, recalling the extensive research she had done while reading books on natural history. Then she sighed. She had never been good at speaking up for herself. Suddenly, the quiet was shattered by Amy Jensen bursting in and letting the door slam. Isabel felt herself shrink. Amy, who had been a volunteer a bit longer than Isabel, walked around as if she were in charge of the place. “Hey, Isabel,” she barked, planting a hand on Isabel's shoulder. Isabel willed herself to remain still, though she would love to brush Amy's hand off. Just then, Isabel's mother rushed into the room with Mr. Garza, the custodian (管理员). “The hurricane is entering the Gulf,” she reported. “The Gulf Shore Preserve needs help with preparing for the storm. I've got to go down there. You should be okay up here, but I need you girls to help Mr. Garza get the storm shutters closed in the aviary (鸟舍). Stay inside with Mr. Garza after that. ” Isabel leaped to her feet, excited to have an opportunity to help the birds. Mr. Garza and the girls worked quickly and were soon back inside, listening to the wind batter and rattle the shutters. When Mr. Garza found an emergency weather report on the computer, a concerned expression crossed his face. “A storm is heading for our way,” he announced. Amy's eyes widened in horror. 注意:续写词数应为150个左右。 “The aviary is to be flooded,” Isabel thought to herself. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After several hours, Isabel's mom returned to the center. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7．（23-24高二上·全国·单元测试）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Why were you in Aunt Kim’s room, Daniel?” asked Evelyn. Daniel shut the door behind him. “I’m looking for her pig.” “Aunt Kim has a pig?” asked Evelyn, wide-eyed. Daniel and Evelyn were cousins. They were at Grandma’s house for a family get-together. Right now, people were listening to each other play music on the front porch (门廊). Daniel said, “Aunt Kim asked me to bring her pig down to the porch. She said she always played the guitar with it.” Evelyn smiled, “What’s her pig’s name?” “She called it Lucky. She said it was pink, and she’d left it on her bed. But it wasn’t there.” Evelyn said, “Pigs like to eat. Maybe somebody’s giving Lucky a snack in the kitchen.” But the kitchen was empty of pigs and people. Just to be sure, they opened the pantry door and looked under the table. “It rained this morning. Maybe Lucky’s rolling in a mud puddle (泥坑),” said Daniel. The cousins went out the back door. They looked all over the yard. “No mud puddles out here,” said Evelyn. “And there aren’t any holes, so Lucky didn’t run away.” Back inside, they checked around sofas and chairs and bookcases. “Here, Lucky!” But they couldn’t find the pig. Evelyn folded her arms. “I don’t think Lucky’s in somebody else’s bedroom. The doors were all closed. Wouldn’t you see a pig coming in when you were going out?” “But Lucky is little. Aunt Kim told me she looked in her handbag, and the pig wasn’t there,” said Daniel. “She keeps a pig in her purse? Lucky must be really small,” Evelyn said. “Are you sure it wasn’t in Aunt Kim’s room?” “My cat hides under beds sometimes. Maybe Lucky does, too,” Daniel said. He led the way back upstairs. On his hands and knees, he lifted the blue and white quilt’s (棉被的) edge. “No pig here.”注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Meanwhile, Evelyn saw something pink and plastic on Aunt Kim’s quilt and it looked like a guitar pick (拔片). ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Daniel said, “Well, it is pink, and it was on her bed ... It should be a guitar pick.” ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8．（23-24高二上·全国·单元测试）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Dandelion Pinkley stood at Izzy Wishbones’s front door waiting excitedly for him to answer. This Golden Oval party sounded so fun! Izzy had planned the Golden Oval dinner to celebrate his closest old friends. Now, Izzy opened the door, greeting Dandelion with a welcoming smile. But when she followed him into his family’s dining room, she wanted to faint (昏倒). She didn’t recognize a single kid. As she sat down, every kid looked at her strangely. “This is my good friend Dandelion,” Izzy announced. “She’s the smartest, cleverest person I know!” After that buildup, Dandelion felt even worse. She sat there with a frozen smile, feeling anything but herself. A guy with curly hair said, “The Izz-bomb is bragging (夸耀) — about a girl!” All the kids laughed. “She’s Queen of Hearts with him!” said a girl. “That’s right, Shanti!” Izzy said. “And Harmon, she’s worth bragging about!” “Seriously?” Harmon replied. Everyone laughed again. All except Dandelion. She focused on the food sitting before her. She knew just what they were and wanted some. But she didn’t move. Izzy called for attention. “Welcome, Golden Oval friends of mine! Eat up and enjoy!” It was a little corny, but everyone laughed it off. The other kids all dug in, talking and bragging and joking as they ate. None of them said anything to Dandelion. Finally, she filled her plate and started eating. “Pass me some of those bananas,” Harmon said. “That’s a strange dinner food.” Izzy looked at Dandelion and rolled his eyes. She smiled and shook her head. “Yeah, they’re bananas!” somebody across the table shouted. All at once, Dandelion’s mouth opened. “They’re not exactly bananas,” she said without thinking. “They’re plantains!” She couldn’t help herself. “They’re related to bananas, but they taste totally different. Some people call them the potato of the tropics (热带).” “You tell them, Queen of Hearts!” Izzy said excitedly. “I cooked them myself just for you.” Izzy had long known plantains were one of Dandelion’s favorite foods. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Now all the kids were looking at Dandelion again, but this time their faces were friendly and interested. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Izzy said when the evening was over: “Queen of Hearts deserves a big gold star, doesn’t she?” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 高二英语读后续写基础技巧与整体演练 技巧08 起承转合关联读后续写 “起承转合” 理论模型是中国古代关于写作原理的最高成就 。“起承转合”之法最早出现于汉语诗歌的韵脚格律中，后又被运用于 “八股文”等其他文体，近代也被用于各种写作创作中 。作为写作结构章法术语， “起” 是指起始开端；“承” 是承接上文加以申述； “ 转” 是转折 ，从正面反面立论 ；“合” 是结束全文。如诗仙李白的《 静夜思》：床前明月光（起），疑是地上霜（承）；举头望明月转），低头思故“ 起承转合” 理论模型是中国古代关于写作原理的最高成就。“起承转合”之法最早出现于汉语诗歌的韵脚格律中，后又被运用于 “八股文 ” 等其他文体 ，近代也被用于各种写作创作中。作为写作结构章法术语， “起” 是指起始开端；“承”是承接上文加以申述；“转”是转折，从正面反面立论；“合”是结束全文。如诗仙李白的《静夜思》：床前明月光（起），疑是地上霜（承）；举头望明月（转），低头思故乡（合）。 有人认为“起承转合”是一种固化的模式，像八股文一样，禁锢了写作的思维，减弱了写作思维创造力。但实质上，“起承转合”的本质是“重复”和“对比”两种思维操作模型的有机组合运用。只要我们能真正理解其原理和实质，加以灵活运用，就能创造性地生成各种自由组合模式，如“起－承－承－合”，“起－承－承－转－合”，甚至“起－转－转－转－合”等，从而在写作思维上获得真正的自由。 因此，“起承转合”既是一种文章写作的基本规律和原理，让写作者可以直接使用或加以变化，也是一种思维方式和习惯，能够给学写文章的人提供一个从无话可说到有话可说的文本内容结构的思维操作模式。对于写不出、不会写的学生来说，“起承转合”正是一条写作入门的路径。 “起承转合”对于读后续写的指导意义在于：（1）“起承转合”提供了文章的章法。作为一种篇章结构，起承转合固定下来的模式使得文章在内容和形式上呈现出完整性，使文章条理分明，结构完整，从而帮助学生解决谋篇布局问题。（2）“起承转合”能开拓写作思路，以结构化了的章法模型来吸附和凝练学生心中已有的材料，从而生成所需要的篇章模型。这就是文章形式对文章内容的反推作用。从这个意义来说，“起承转合”不仅提供模板解决了“怎么写”的难题，还间接提示了学生“写什么”。（3）“起承转合”能使写作思维逻辑显性化。语篇逻辑的体现不仅仅在于衔接词，更重要的在于内容。句与句，段与段之间的关系，不仅仅体现层次与层次之间的相互勾连，实质上也是一种文章内容之间的深层次递进，体现了写作思维的逻辑性。“起承转合”能让写作逻辑看得见，就读后续写任务而言，“起”就是故事的开端；“承”是承接开端进一步推进故事的发展；“转”是从正面继续推进或转到反面建立故事的矛盾冲突达到故事高潮；“合”则是解决矛盾冲突以正能量结局结束全文。 “起承转合”在读后续写教学中的实践 基于以上所述，在面对读后续写新题型时，笔者尝试从“起承转合”的角度来指导学生进行写作。主要从下面三个方面开展： （一）感受中英文“起承转合”写作章法模型 “起承转合”来自汉语，对“起承转合”的理解用母语的例子来解析最为易懂。最简单的是诗歌中的“起承转合”，如唐朝诗人孟浩然的《春晓》：春眠不觉晓（起），处处闻啼鸟（承）。夜来风雨声（转），花落知多少（合）。起为开端，承为进一步的描写，转为语境的画风突变，合为故事点题以及作者的情感落脚之处。又如李白的《朝发白帝城》：朝辞白帝彩云间（起），千里江陵一日还（承）。两岸猿声啼不住（转），轻舟已过万重山（合）。起得清新美丽欢快，承接原情调进一步展开，突转画风为愁怨凄厉，终又回到清新美丽欢快。现代文写作中，鲁迅先生对“起承转合”模式也有灵活的使用。小说《故乡》开头对故乡的描写为全文定下了荒凉萧索的基调，是为“起”；第二天回到家中对凄凉的母亲的描写，是为“承”；然后母亲提及润土带来大片美好的回忆，在情调上进行了“转”；最后见到润土和杨二嫂对其丑陋形象和扭曲灵魂的描写又回到了小说凄凉萧索的基调，是为“合”。 英语文体也有同样的模型。如下面的文章Social Practice(有删节)。 Recently,social practice has gained more and more popularity in universities and college. There is no doubt that social practice has many advantages.To begin with,students can get a chance to contact society and meet all walks of people through social practice....Besides,by applying the knowledge that they have learned in class to practical work,students can know themselves better.Lastly,social practice can give students financial help and enable them independent of their family. However,there is no denying that some problems may arise if no correct guidance is made.Some students may get overly interested in social practice and want to work full-time,thus neglecting their studies.And some students are likely to get in touch with the dark side of society,which will affect their future studies. Aiming at carrying out social practice smoothly,students should first make clear its objective.Studies should always put in the first place and social practice should be treated as a useful supplement,so the students need to keep a balance between social practice and their studies. 这是一篇很典型的解释性说明文。全文结构是“总-分-分-总”,提出问题-正面分析问题-反面分析问题-提出解决办法。与汉语的“起-承-转-合”模式一致。 (二)欣赏叙事性文体中的“起承转合” 鉴于我们要解决的是读后续写的问题，读后续写属于叙事性体裁，因此，笔者特意跟学生分享了故事叙述中的“起承转合”结构。 1.从语言迁移的角度考虑，以《西游记》为例，进行故事模型的建构。《西游记》是我们大多数人最为熟悉的名著(名剧)。里面的每一个故事(剧集)基本上都按照一定的模式去开展。首先是唐僧师徒四人出发，此为“起”;然后进一步描写他们的旅途，此为“承”;接着在某种情形下必定遇上妖怪，师傅陷入危险，此为“转”;最后在自己或他神的帮助之下顺利解救师傅解决问题，此为“合”。所以，我们读后续写的每一个故事的整体谋篇布局，都可以按照《西游记》的模式去进行构思。 2.从故事本身出发，以情节推进为重点，着重细节描写。《水浒传》里有这么一个故事：三拳打死镇关西。寥寥数字已经说完了一个故事情节。这样的话，岂不是后续无话可写了?学生在写作中遇到无话可说的难题也是如此。要解此困境，关键在于细节描写。我们不妨把“三拳打死镇关西”这七字故事扩展一下，完善成以下小故事：鲁达、李忠、史进三人到潘家酒楼喝酒(起),听了金家父女对镇关西强媒硬娶，虚钱实契强占翠莲，又将她赶出，还向金家追要典身钱的血泪控诉(承),鲁达对镇关西大怒，当即赠送银两，第二天继而三拳打死郑屠，为民除害(转)。从此以后，他亡命江湖，最后被逼上梁山(合)。如此，读后续写的每一个段落中的情节片段也可以按此模式展开。 由此可见，叙事性文体中的“起承转合”实质就是故事写作的“开端-发展-高潮-结局”。 (三)实践基于“起承转合”模式的英语叙事文体语篇分析与后续写作 读后续写，顾名思义，先读后写，包括读懂原文和续写故事两个主要方面。笔者的解题步骤相应包括两个方面：用“起承转合”模型分析解读理解原文；再用“起承转合”模式完成后续故事撰写。下面以两个案例来说明： 【写作案例1】 What my father wore embarrassed me!I wanted him to dress like a doctor or lawyer,but he always dressed like my father,getting up before dawn every day to make breakfast for my mother and me.We lived in South Texas,where my father worked as a repairman.He often wore a pair of jeans and a shirt,keeping his pencils,glasses and wrenches(扳手)in his breast pocket.His boots were those with steel toes that made them difficult to pull off his feet,which I sometimes helped him with when he returned from repairing cars—his job that also shamed me. I blamed the way he dressed.I felt that my classmates laughed at me because they'd seen him mowing lawns(修剪草坪)in cut-off jeans and black boots.My classmates' families paid men to beautify their lawns,while their fathers travelled in the bay wearing lemon-yellow sweaters and expensive shoes. He preferred clothes that allowed him the freedom to move under cars.So even when taking part in a school trip with me,he was dressed in his repairman's suit.On the school bus to the campsite,all students on the bus happily chatted with their parents except me,who lowered the head,avoiding spotting my classmate smocking glance(讥笑的眼光)or hearing their jokes,which I thought was about nothing else but what my father wore. I regretted telling my parents the school trip,and I was very angry why my mother had no spare time while my father happened to have a vacation.But my father failed to read my mind.He was very happy,whistling a tune along the way. Though my father didn't sense my bad mood,the school bus seemed as sad as I was.It drove more and more slowly and finally it stopped on the roadside.The driver got out to check the bus butfound nothing wrong.Students and parents on the bus began to whisper about what was happening,worried that the delay might spoil the journey. 【写作分析】 1.“起承转合”原文解读 开端(起),是问题的提出部分：父亲是一位修理工，一身工作服的穿着让我很尴尬，我希望他穿着得体，像个医生或律师那样。 发展(承),是矛盾冲突的升级，解决办法初现的部分：有一次我们班开展郊游活动，爸爸依然穿着修理工的衣服来参加。途中汽车出故障抛锚了，司机检查不出问题所在。大家都很担心郊游会被毁了。 原文故事就到这里为止。按照叙事性文体“开端(起)-发展(承)-高潮(转)-结局(合)”的谋篇布局，接下来要学生续写的两个段落应该是故事的高潮(转)和结局(合)部分。 2.“起承转合”故事续写 按照上面的布局可知，后续的高潮(转)和结局(合)各占一段。每一段的写作又可以按照“起承转合”的模式去展开。我们可以这样写作： 续写第一段：When others were complaining ,my father stood up.(起：爸爸)At the thought that he would offer his assistance reduce people's anxiety,a great sense of delight flooded over him.He approached the driver,explaining that he was a repairman could offer to help.(承：爸爸)Seeing him crawling under the bus,I was overwhelmed by a feeling of embarrassment.Ilowered my head,trying not to spot my classmates' scornful look.(转：我)However,the following moments witnessed my father's professional skills in repair.(合：结果) 续写第一段是故事的高潮(转)部分，也就是矛盾冲突得以解决的主要阵地。根据首句的起点爸爸站起来，第二句和第三句承接前文写爸爸的情感和行为。然后转到对“我”的心理、情感和行动的描写。最后一句合是指本段解决问题的结果：爸爸把车修好了。 续写第二段：The school bus restarted and everyone cheered.(起：每个人)Everyone was impressed by my father's enthusiasm and superb skills.No sooner had my father stepped on the bus than they burst into thunderous applause.My classmates expressed gratitude to my father and said to me,“Hey,your father is so cool!”(承：每个人)Seeing their eyes twinkling with admiration,I felt extremely guilty but proud of my father,tears streaming down my cheeks.(转：我)While my father didn't dress like a doctor or a lawyer,he taught me the profound truth that what really matters is not the way we wear but the way we act.(合：升华主题) 续写第二段是故事的结局(合)部分。爸爸修好车后，根据首句起点每个人的欢呼，承接上文继续写每个人如何欢呼以及如何行动。然后转到“我”的转变描写。最后一句合是点明主旨，升华主题，以“我最后明白了，真正重要的不是一个人的外表，而是一个人的行动”来结束全文。 【案例示例2】 With the start of new school,freshmen of Hendersonville High School in Nashville were excited to meet new classmates and teachers.Among them,however,15-year-old Sergio Peralta was feeling very nervous because his right hand had never fully formed since he was born.Going to a new school and being“different”Is always scary.Sergio was particularly concerned with what his classmates would think of him. Sergio's parents had trained him to use his left hand from a nearly age.As he grew up,he was used to not using his right hand.He could write with his left one and do some things with special tricks or techniques.Despite this,in the first days of new school,Sergio always felt like hiding his underdeveloped right hand in his sleeve as if nobody would ever find out if he did so. It didn't take long for someone to learn Sergio's secret.Jeff Wilkins,the teacher of Sergio's engineering class,figured out that sergio was missing part of his hand and decided to do something for the new student.Jeff had been leading a robotics project in the school and expert in 3D printing technology.Besides,he hoped to take advantage of this hands-on chance to help his robotics students learn more about engineering and how building a robotic hand worked. So in his class,Jeff announced with great enthusiasm,“You're supposed to be engineering,coming up with new ideas and solving issues.Now Sergio needs a new hand,so we'll work together to build Sergio a robotic hand.”His words fueled everyone's curiosity and creativity. For the next four weeks,Jeff and his class including Sergio worked on the project.After some precise measurements and researches,the class put forward a design draft.Jeff made a few adjustments and gave them some practical suggestions.With access to online models and a 3D printer,they eventually created a robotic hand,which was intended to look good and work well,like catching something. 【写作分析】 1.“起承转合”原文解读 开端(起),是问题的提出部分：Sergio是一位右手有缺失的学生。由于身体的不同而非常害怕同学们对他的态度。虽然他从小被训练能用左手去做事情，但是他还是尝试去藏起他的右手。 发展(承),是矛盾冲突的升级，解决办法初现的部分：老师Jeff发现了Sergio的事情，决定和同学们一起，利用他们的专长——3D打印技术去帮助Sergio。经过四个星期的努力，他们最终造出了一个机械手臂。 原文故事就到这里为止。按照叙事性文体“开端(起)-发展(承)-高潮(转)-结局(合)”的谋篇布局，接下来要学生续写的两个段落应该是故事的高潮(转)和结局(合)部分。 2.“起承转合”故事续写 按照上面的布局可知，后续的高潮(转)和结局(合)各占一段。每一段的写作又可以按照“起承转合”的模式去展开。我们可以这样写作： 续写第一段：Then came the final testing day.(起：最后的测试日)With the mixture of anxiety and upset,Sergio couldn't wait for the exciting moment to come.The whole class gathered in the science classroom,watching breathlessly as Jeff carefully loaded their self-made robotic hand onto Sergio's right arm.It fitted quite well!(承：测试日)So excited was Sergio that his arm trembled slightly.Having put a baseball on the desk,Jeff signed to Sergio to pick it up.Slowly,Sergio extended his right hand and reached for the ball.Successfully he caught hold of it and everyone present broke into cheers!Holding the ball,Sergio couldn't containhis tears.(转：Sergio)Never in his life did he expect to catch something with his right hand!(合：成功了) 续写第一段是故事的高潮(转)部分，也就是矛盾冲突得以解决的主要阵地。根据首句的起点最终的测试日的到来，接下来三句承接前文写测试日的操作。然后转到对主人公Sergio的心理、情感和行动的描写。最后一句合是指本段解决问题的结果：Sergio终于能用右手来抓住东西了。 续写第二段：The life-changing gift for Sergio drew huge attention.(起：改变一生的礼物，巨大的关注).With the well-looked and well-working robotic hand,Sergio felt a wave of gratitude to his teacher and his classmates.He thought he would never feel nervous again on the first school day any more in his life.(承：改变一生的礼物)Jeff and his students became an instant hit and various media competed to cover the news.With a great relief and great joy,they expressed their sincere hope for Sergio.(转：Jeff和同学们，巨大的关注)Life may be full of ups and downs,but with advanced technology,there is always hope to overcome any difficulty.Never should we lose hope for life!(合：升华主题) 续写第二段是故事的结局(合)部分。测试成功后，根据首句起点改变一生的礼物，承接上文继续写这份礼物带给主人公Sergio的影响。然后转到另一个角度———引发巨大的关注和对师生的描写。最后一句合是点明主旨，升华主题，以“生活总是充满了困难，但是总有办法解决。所以，永远不要对生活失去希望”来结束全文。 由此可见，按照“起承转合”模式去行文，既使得各段落内的故事完整，内容充实，也让叙事的逻辑清晰可见。站在全篇文章的高度，原文的“开端-发展”,续以写作任务的“高潮-结局”,使全文故事完整，思维清晰，逻辑合理，表述流畅。“起承转合”模式既适用于分析解读理解全文的故事结构，从而站在语篇的高度决定续写内容，还可用于段落写作，帮助学生把每一段的内容有矛盾有冲突地发展到高潮并得以解决，让情节跌宕起伏，故事完整，逻辑清晰。 1．（24-25高二上·云南昆明·开学考试）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mr Phillips was just getting ready to leave his office when he remembered that his wife had asked him to buy some bananas. When he stepped out, he saw an old lady across the road. She was selling fresh bananas on the street. Mr Phillips usually bought bananas from a shop a few blocks away from his office, but since he was in a hurry to reach home that day, he thought about buying them from the old lady. So he went to her and asked her the price. She said it was $7 per kilogram. He said, But the shop where I usually buy bananas sells them for $5 per kilogram. Can you sell them for the same price?“ The old lady said,” No, sir. I cannot afford to match that price. I can sell them to you for $6 per kilogram. That’s the best price I can offer.“ Mr Phillips told her,” Never mind.“ Then he left in his car to wards the usual shop. He went inside and picked up a good bunch of bananas. He went to the cashier (收银员) to pay for them, but he was surprised when the cashier told him that the price per kilogram was $10.He told the cashier,” I have been buying bananas here for some years. Can’t you offer a better deal to regular customers?” The manager heard their conversation and told Mr Phillips,“ Sorry, sir, but our prices are fixed. We do not bargain.” Mr Phillips felt very unhappy. He thought for a second and put those bananas back. He decided not to buy anything from the shop in the future. Then he went back to the old lady. She recognized him and told him with tears, “Sir, I can’t match that price. How can I survive without earning any money ?”I have to support myself with the little money I earn.“ Mr Phillips told her,” Don’t worry about the price. I will pay you $10 per kilogram! No, give me 2kg.” 注意： 1、续写词数应为150左右; 2、请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: The old lady got very happy and packed the bananas. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Mr Philips told her, “Don’t worry.” ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．（23-24高二下·河南新乡·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Jenny was the only child in her home. She had a quarrel with her mother that afternoon and she ran out of the house angrily. She couldn’t help weeping when she thought of the scolding from her mother. Having wandered in the street for hours, she felt a little hungry and wished for something to eat. She stood beside a stand for a while, watching the middle-aged seller busy doing his business. However, with no money in hand, she sighed and had to leave. The seller behind the stand noticed the young girl and asked, “Hey, girl, you want to have the noodles?” “Oh, yes…but I don’t have money on me,” she replied. “That’s nothing. I’ll treat you today,” said the man. “Come in.” The seller brought her a bowl of noodles, whose smell was so attractive. As she was eating, Jenny cried silently.“What is it?” asked the man kindly. “Nothing, actually I was just touched by your kindness!” said Jenny. “Even a stranger on the street will give me a bowl of noodles, while my mother drove me out of the house. She showed no care for me. She is so merciless compared to a stranger!” Hearing the words, the seller smiled, “Girl, do you really think so? I only gave you a bowl of noodles and you thanked me a lot. But it is your mother who has raised you since you were a baby. Can you number the times she cooked for you? Have you expressed your gratitude to her?” Jenny sat there, speechless and numb with shock; she remembered Mother’s familiar face and weathered (沧桑的) hands. “Why did I not think of that? A bowl of noodles from a stranger made me feel grateful, but I have never thanked my mum for what she has done for me.” On the way home, Jenny made up her mind to make an apology to her mother for her rudeness as soon as she arrived home. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: Nearing the doorway, Jenny took a deep breath. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: A gentle touch on her hair called her mind back. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．（23-24高二上·四川乐山·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Life at 16 took an unexpected turn when my parents decided to move our family from Texas to Arizona. In just two weeks, I had to say goodbye to my beloved teachers, dearest classmates and my best friends. I felt a sense of blame toward my parents for what seemed like turning my world upside down. I told everyone I’d be returning to Texas as soon as possible. Upon arriving in Arizona, I made sure everyone knew I had friends waiting for me back in Texas. I was determined to keep my distance, firmly believing that I’d be leaving soon. The first day of school was a painful experience as I missed my friends in Texas badly. My life felt like it had come to an end. Eventually though, things got a little better. In my art class, sitting just three seats away from me in the same front row was an outgoing girl with the most beautiful blue eyes I had ever seen. Her talent in art shone through her creations, and her lively spirit drew me in. I saw inspiration and connection in her that I so badly needed. Gathering my courage, I decided to talk to her. “Hi, my name is Sheila; what’s yours?” I asked with a Texan accent. The girl next to her thought that I was asking her. “Emily.” “Oh, hi, Emily,” I played along. “What’s your name?” I asked again, focusing my attention on the blue-eyed girl. She looked behind her, not believing that I could be asking her for her name. “Jessie,” she answered quietly. “Hi, Jessie!” I smiled and returned to my work, awkward but satisfied. Little did I know, that chance encounter would change the course of my life. 注意： 1. 续写词数为150左右;2. 请按如下格式作答。 Sharing the love for art, Jessie, Emily and I quickly developed close friendship. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ As time passed, the pain of leaving Texas gradually disappeared. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．（23-24高二上·江西吉安·开学考试）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 One young excellent person went to apply for a position in a big company. After he passed the first interview, the director did the last interview and made the last decision. The director discovered from the CV that the youth’s academic (学术的) achievements were excellent all the way, from high school to the postgraduate (研究生) research. The director asked, “Did you get any scholarships in school?” The youth answered “No”. The director asked, “Was it your father who paid your school fees?” The youth answered, “My father passed away when I was one year old. It was my mother who paid my school fees.” The director asked, “Where did your mother work?” The youth answered, “My mother worked as a clothes cleaner.” The director requested the youth to show his hands. The youth showed a pair of hands that were smooth and perfect. The director asked, “Have you ever helped your mother wash the clothes before?” The youth answered, “Never. My mother always wanted me to study and read more books. What’s more, my mother can wash clothes faster than me”. The director said, “I have a request. When you go back today, go and clean your mother’s hands, and then see me tomorrow morning”. The youth felt that his chance of getting a job was high. When he went back, he happily requested his mother to let him clean his hands. His mother felt strange, happy but with mixed feelings, and she showed her hands to the youth. The youth cleaned his mother’s hands slowly. It was the first time that he had noticed that his mother’s hands were so wrinkled, and there were so many cuts in her hands. Some cuts were so painful that his mother shivered (颤抖) when they were cleaned with water. Paragraph 1: Tears streamed down his cheeks. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: The next morning, the youth went to the director’s office. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．（23-24高一下·山东日照·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 One day, Emma’s mother brought Emma to her favorite steak house (牛排餐厅). She was excited all the way when she was sitting in her mother’s car. Listening to the wonderful music, she couldn’t help but dance in the back seat. Considering her safety, her mother had to stop her and said, “Hey! My sweety! Please be quiet and fasten your seat belt!” “Okay! Mom,” she answered while continuing to roll down the car window. “Emma! Don’t head out of the window! This is very dangerous! No hands either!” Mom raised his voice as she spoke. She said yes and then quietly sat back in place. But there was no previous happiness. She got off in silence and ordered meals silently. Her mother thought that perhaps her tone had just been too urgent, and she tried to make her happy. “Sweetheart, this is a monthly steak appointment. Can you enjoy it with your mom happily?” Emma nodded silently but continued to stare out of the window. Ten minutes later, Emma looked at the large plate of steak and potatoes as if she had no intention of eating them. Mom sighed and asked, “Isn’t it your favorite steak, sweetheart?” “It is, mom,” Emma said in a low voice. After listening to her answer, Mom brought the steak and planned to help her daughter cut it into small pieces as before. “No, mom, she quickly reached out for the plate. “I can only eat it once a month, right?” “Yes, we made a promise about this,” said the mother. “Can I just give it to him?” Emma cautiously asked, and her-eyes filled with expectations. Following the direction of her finger, there was a homeless man in tattered (破烂的) clothes. And she realized that the man was the figure that flashed by the roadside when her daughter leaned out of the window in the car. “Of course, you can,” her mother agreed. 注意： (1) 续写词数应为120左右; (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Emma quickly left the table with the full plate of food in hand. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ As Emma returned, her mother smiled proudly. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Isabel sat carefully inserting papers into a folder. She had been at the Nature Center's office all morning and was weary of filing the papers. She desperately wanted to work with the animals, especially the birds in the center. But her mom, who was the assistant director of the center, said Isabel was too young. “I've been a weekend volunteer this whole school year. I know more about birds than almost anyone else here,” she said to herself, recalling the extensive research she had done while reading books on natural history. Then she sighed. She had never been good at speaking up for herself. Suddenly, the quiet was shattered by Amy Jensen bursting in and letting the door slam. Isabel felt herself shrink. Amy, who had been a volunteer a bit longer than Isabel, walked around as if she were in charge of the place. “Hey, Isabel,” she barked, planting a hand on Isabel's shoulder. Isabel willed herself to remain still, though she would love to brush Amy's hand off. Just then, Isabel's mother rushed into the room with Mr. Garza, the custodian (管理员). “The hurricane is entering the Gulf,” she reported. “The Gulf Shore Preserve needs help with preparing for the storm. I've got to go down there. You should be okay up here, but I need you girls to help Mr. Garza get the storm shutters closed in the aviary (鸟舍). Stay inside with Mr. Garza after that. ” Isabel leaped to her feet, excited to have an opportunity to help the birds. Mr. Garza and the girls worked quickly and were soon back inside, listening to the wind batter and rattle the shutters. When Mr. Garza found an emergency weather report on the computer, a concerned expression crossed his face. “A storm is heading for our way,” he announced. Amy's eyes widened in horror. 注意:续写词数应为150个左右。 “The aviary is to be flooded,” Isabel thought to herself. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After several hours, Isabel's mom returned to the center. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7．（23-24高二上·全国·单元测试）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Why were you in Aunt Kim’s room, Daniel?” asked Evelyn. Daniel shut the door behind him. “I’m looking for her pig.” “Aunt Kim has a pig?” asked Evelyn, wide-eyed. Daniel and Evelyn were cousins. They were at Grandma’s house for a family get-together. Right now, people were listening to each other play music on the front porch (门廊). Daniel said, “Aunt Kim asked me to bring her pig down to the porch. She said she always played the guitar with it.” Evelyn smiled, “What’s her pig’s name?” “She called it Lucky. She said it was pink, and she’d left it on her bed. But it wasn’t there.” Evelyn said, “Pigs like to eat. Maybe somebody’s giving Lucky a snack in the kitchen.” But the kitchen was empty of pigs and people. Just to be sure, they opened the pantry door and looked under the table. “It rained this morning. Maybe Lucky’s rolling in a mud puddle (泥坑),” said Daniel. The cousins went out the back door. They looked all over the yard. “No mud puddles out here,” said Evelyn. “And there aren’t any holes, so Lucky didn’t run away.” Back inside, they checked around sofas and chairs and bookcases. “Here, Lucky!” But they couldn’t find the pig. Evelyn folded her arms. “I don’t think Lucky’s in somebody else’s bedroom. The doors were all closed. Wouldn’t you see a pig coming in when you were going out?” “But Lucky is little. Aunt Kim told me she looked in her handbag, and the pig wasn’t there,” said Daniel. “She keeps a pig in her purse? Lucky must be really small,” Evelyn said. “Are you sure it wasn’t in Aunt Kim’s room?” “My cat hides under beds sometimes. Maybe Lucky does, too,” Daniel said. He led the way back upstairs. On his hands and knees, he lifted the blue and white quilt’s (棉被的) edge. “No pig here.”注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Meanwhile, Evelyn saw something pink and plastic on Aunt Kim’s quilt and it looked like a guitar pick (拔片). ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Daniel said, “Well, it is pink, and it was on her bed ... It should be a guitar pick.” ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8．（23-24高二上·全国·单元测试）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Dandelion Pinkley stood at Izzy Wishbones’s front door waiting excitedly for him to answer. This Golden Oval party sounded so fun! Izzy had planned the Golden Oval dinner to celebrate his closest old friends. Now, Izzy opened the door, greeting Dandelion with a welcoming smile. But when she followed him into his family’s dining room, she wanted to faint (昏倒). She didn’t recognize a single kid. As she sat down, every kid looked at her strangely. “This is my good friend Dandelion,” Izzy announced. “She’s the smartest, cleverest person I know!” After that buildup, Dandelion felt even worse. She sat there with a frozen smile, feeling anything but herself. A guy with curly hair said, “The Izz-bomb is bragging (夸耀) — about a girl!” All the kids laughed. “She’s Queen of Hearts with him!” said a girl. “That’s right, Shanti!” Izzy said. “And Harmon, she’s worth bragging about!” “Seriously?” Harmon replied. Everyone laughed again. All except Dandelion. She focused on the food sitting before her. She knew just what they were and wanted some. But she didn’t move. Izzy called for attention. “Welcome, Golden Oval friends of mine! Eat up and enjoy!” It was a little corny, but everyone laughed it off. The other kids all dug in, talking and bragging and joking as they ate. None of them said anything to Dandelion. Finally, she filled her plate and started eating. “Pass me some of those bananas,” Harmon said. “That’s a strange dinner food.” Izzy looked at Dandelion and rolled his eyes. She smiled and shook her head. “Yeah, they’re bananas!” somebody across the table shouted. All at once, Dandelion’s mouth opened. “They’re not exactly bananas,” she said without thinking. “They’re plantains!” She couldn’t help herself. “They’re related to bananas, but they taste totally different. Some people call them the potato of the tropics (热带).” “You tell them, Queen of Hearts!” Izzy said excitedly. “I cooked them myself just for you.” Izzy had long known plantains were one of Dandelion’s favorite foods. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Now all the kids were looking at Dandelion again, but this time their faces were friendly and interested. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Izzy said when the evening was over: “Queen of Hearts deserves a big gold star, doesn’t she?” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 1． The old lady got very happy and packed the bananas. She said,“ I can’t take $10 from you. I will sell them to you at $7 per kilogram. I appreciate your kindness.” Then she told him,“ My husband used to own a small shop but he got very sick. We have no child who could help us. We had to sell our shop to cover his medical bills. He died one month ago.” Her eyes were filled with tears. She continued,“ Now I am selling fruits to make a living.” Mr Phillips told her,“ Don’t worry.” He decided to only buy bananas from the old lady in the future. He gave her a $100 bill and said,“ This is the money I will spend buying your bananas and other fruits. Bring more kinds of fruits to sell tomorrow. You can earn more if customers have different kinds to choose from.” The old lady thanked him. Later, Mr Phillips invited his friends to buy fruits from the lady. With the support of Mr Phillips and many other buyers, the old lady made a better living. 【写作分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了菲利普斯先生遇到一个卖新鲜香蕉的老太太，一开始认为香蕉卖得太贵了，于是去商店，发现商店的香蕉更贵。于是菲利普斯先生购买了老太太的香蕉，还帮助了她的家人。 【要点详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“老妇人非常高兴，把香蕉装了起来”可知，第一段可描写老太太讲述自己家中的困难。 ②由第二段首句内容“菲利普斯先生对她说:“别担心”可知，第二段可描写菲利普斯先生帮助老太太以及在菲利普斯先生和许多其他买主的支持下，老太太的生活有所改善。 2.续写线索：装香蕉——讲述个人情况——伤心——提供帮助——老太太感动——生活改善 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①支付：cover/pay ②去世：die/pass away ③充满：be filled with /be full of 情绪类 ①感激：appreciate/be grateful for ②感谢：thank/show gratitude to [高分句型1] We have no child who could help us. (运用了who引导定语从句) [高分句型2] You can earn more if customers have different kinds to choose from.(运用了if引导条件状语从句) 2．参考范文 Nearing the doorway, Jenny took a deep breath. When she knocked at the door, she found the door was locked and her mother was not in. Tired and sad, she sat down in front of the house. “Where could my mother be?” she wondered. “Was she still angry with me?” Again, the scene of the quarrel appeared in her mind. She remembered her rudeness to her mother. Realizing that all the scolding from her mother was due to the fact that her mother really cared a lot about her, she felt rather ashamed, and tears began to roll down her cheeks. A gentle touch on her hair called her mind back. She raised her head and saw the familiar face of her mother. “Here you come! I’ve been looking for you,” she said, tired and relieved. Jenny couldn’t help throwing herself into her mother’s arms. “Mum, I’m so sorry and thank you for all you have done for me.” She expressed her sincere apology and great gratitude. Hearing this, her mother smiled, patting her back gently. 【写作分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了珍妮与母亲吵架而离家出走，在感到饥饿而没钱吃饭的时候，一个商贩给了她一碗面条，珍妮非常感动，觉得自己母亲非常的无情不关心她，而商贩的话让珍妮觉得自己对母亲太粗鲁了，于是下定决心回家向母亲道歉的故事。 【要点详解】1.段落续写 ①由第一段首句内容“快到门口时，珍妮深吸了一口气。”可知，第一段可描写Jenny回家后的心理活动。 ②由第二段首句内容“她的头发被轻轻地碰了一下，她的思绪又回来了。”可知，第二段可描写Jenny给妈妈道歉，母女俩和好的过程。 2.续写线索：感到疲惫和伤心——想起争吵的场景——意识到妈妈在乎自己——感到惭愧——看见妈妈——扑进妈妈怀里——道歉和感谢——妈妈原谅Jenny 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①出现在脑海：appear in one’s mind/come to one’s mind ②流下：roll down/stream down ③意识到：realize/be aware of ④表达：express/convey 情绪类 ①难过的：sad/upset ②感谢：thank/appreciate ③疲惫的：tired/exhausted [高分句型1] When she knocked at the door, she found the door was locked and her mother was not in. (运用了when引导时间状语从句，省略了that的宾语从句) [高分句型2] Realizing that all the scolding from her mother was due to the fact that her mother really cared a lot about her, she felt rather ashamed, and tears began to roll down her cheeks. (运用了that引导的宾语从句和同位语从句，其中第一个that引导宾语从句，第二个that引导同位语从句) 3．范文 Sharing the love for art, Jessie, Emily and I quickly developed close friendship. Our shared passion for creativity led to countless afternoons spent drawing, painting, and exchanging ideas. We explored the art fairs, local exhibitions and museums in Arizona. These shared experiences not only developed our artistic growth but also deepened our friendship, making this new place feel a bit more like home. As time passed, the pain of leaving Texas gradually disappeared. Jessie expanded our tight group by introducing me to their inner circle of more new friends where I found an even stronger sense of belonging in this new place. The memories we created together not only made me feel more at home, but also brought me closer to the people who had become a whole part of my life. Arizona, once a source of uncertainty, had transformed into a place I proudly called home, and it was all thanks to the unbreakable bonds I had formed with these incredible people. 【写作分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者因为搬家告别了以前的老师和同学，来到新的学校，作者和杰西、艾米丽建立了亲密的关系，让作者有了归属感。 【要点详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“因为对艺术的热爱，杰西、艾米丽和我很快就建立了亲密的友谊。”可知，第一段可描写作者和同学建立了良好关系，培养了友谊。 ②由第二段首句内容“随着时间的流逝，离开德州的痛苦逐渐消失。”可知，第二段可描写作者开始适应新的地方，有了归属感。 2.续写线索：建立亲密关系——共同参加活动——有了更多朋友——有了归属感——作者感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①促进：develop/promote ②变成：transform into/turn into ③扩大：expand/extend 情绪类 ①牢固：unbreakable/solid ②极好的：incredible/amazing [高分句型1] These shared experiences not only developed our artistic growth but also deepened our friendship, making this new place feel a bit more like home. (运用了现在分词作状语) [高分句型2] The memories we created together not only made me feel more at home, but also brought me closer to the people who had become a whole part of my life. (运用了who引导定语从句) 4．Paragraph 1: Tears streamed down his cheeks. The youth was deeply moved by the sight of his mother’s hands, and he realized how hard his mother had worked to support him. He felt ashamed of his previous ignorance and lack of appreciation for her sacrifices. He thought of all the times he had complained and how he had taken her for granted. He made a silent vow to himself to be a better son from now on, to make up for all the lost time and to show his mother how much he loved and appreciated her. Paragraph 2: The next morning, the youth went to the director’s office. As he entered the room, the director smiled at him warmly and offered him a seat. “I have good news for you,” the director said. “You got the job. Your attitude and dedication have impressed me greatly. You have shown me that you have the potential to be a great asset to our company.” The youth felt his heart leap with joy, and he thanked the director with a grateful smile. As he left the room, he felt a sense of pride and accomplishment. He knew that he had not only earned a job but had also gained a newfound appreciation for the importance of hard work and family values. 【写作分析】本文以一位年轻人应聘大公司职位的经历为线索展开，讲述了他在最后一轮面试中，通过完成面试官的要求，深刻体会到母亲辛劳和付出，从而实现自我成长的故事。 【要点详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“泪水顺着他的脸颊流下。”可知，第一段可描写年轻人看到母亲双手后的内心感受，以及他对母亲付出的理解和感激。 ②由第二段首句内容“第二天早上，年轻人去了面试官的办公室。”可知，第二段可描写年轻人得到工作机会，以及他对于这次经历的心得体会。 2.续写线索： 感动落泪——反思过去——决心改变——获得工作——感激与自豪 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①流泪：stream down/roll down ②感激：thank/appreciate ③获得工作：get the job/be offered the position 情绪类 ①感动：be deeply moved/be touched ②自豪：feel proud/take pride in [高分句型1] The youth was deeply moved by the sight of his mother’s hands, and he realized how hard his mother had worked to support him.（使用了how引导的宾语从句） [高分句型2] As he entered the room, the director smiled at him warmly and offered him a seat.（使用了as引导的时间状语从句） 5．范文 Emma quickly left the table with the full plate of food in hand. As Emma approached the homeless man, her eyes filled with empathy. She greeted him with a warm smile and handed him the plate of food. On receiving the food, the man could hardly conceal his excitement and thanked her joyfully. Meanwhile, Emma sat down beside him, engaging in a heartfelt conservation. Witnessing the moving scene, the mother felt a sense of satisfaction. As Emma returned, her mother smiled proudly. Moved and delighted, her mother gave her a big hug and praised her for extending a helping hand to the homeless man outside. With another large plate of steak ordered on the table, a surge of happiness and warmth running Emma, she was so relieved that she tasted the steak happily. At that moment, the mother realized that Emma had taught her an invaluable lesson-the joy of giving. While the steak may have been Emma’s favorite, Emma understood the importance of sharing and making a difference in someone else’s life. 【写作分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一天，艾玛的妈妈带艾玛去她最喜欢的牛排店，吃牛排的时候，艾玛提出想把牛排给流浪汉，妈妈同意了。艾玛因为自己做了好事而感到满足。 【要点详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“艾玛拿着满满一盘食物迅速离开了桌子”可知，第一段可描写艾玛给流浪汉送食物的经过和妈妈的感受。 ②由第二段首句内容“艾玛回来时，妈妈骄傲地笑了”可知，第二段可描写妈妈为艾玛感到骄傲。 2.续写线索：拿着食物离开——送流浪汉食物——流浪汉感谢——妈妈感到满足——称赞艾玛——妈妈感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①充满：fill with/be full of ②递给：hand/pass/give ③意识到：realize/be aware of 情绪类 ①同情：empathy/sympathy ②高兴：delighted/glad [高分句型1] As Emma approached the homeless man, her eyes filled with empathy. (运用了as引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2] Witnessing the moving scene, the mother felt a sense of satisfaction. (运用了现在分词作状语) 6． “The aviary is to be flooded,” Isabel thought to herself. She was restless because she knew the birds too well and the flood would scare the birds. She couldn't wait to tell Mr. Garza that they should protect the aviary from being flooded. But Mr. Garza said it was too dangerous for them to go outside. Isabel ignored Mr. Garza's warning and rushed out of the office to the aviary. Quickly she got a ladder and plastic sheets and climbed up the ladder to cover the aviary with plastic sheets, after which she came back to the office, as wet as a drowned rat. After several hours, Isabel's mom returned to the center. When she entered the office, she saw Isabel, who was drenched. She was concerned about her daughter. Mr. Garza told her what had happened. She was very moved. She was proud of her daughter's brave behavior. At this moment, she believed that Isabel was very suitable to work with the animals. What she could do was not just help sort out documents. 【写作分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了伊莎贝尔在Gateway Nature Center做志愿者，她厌倦了整理资料，她非常想做一些和动物有关的工作，一天，暴风雨即将来临，她的妈妈去了海湾海岸保护区，走时交代她帮加尔扎先生把鸟舍的挡风玻璃关上，然后待在办公室里面，加尔扎先生说一场风暴正朝他们袭来。 【要点详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容““鸟舍将被淹没。”伊莎贝尔自言自语。”可知，第一段可描写伊莎贝尔如何帮助保护鸟舍不被淹。 ②由第二段首句内容“几个小时后，伊莎贝尔的妈妈回到了中心。”可知，第二段可描写伊莎贝尔的妈妈改变对伊莎贝尔的看法。 2.续写线索：告诉加尔扎先生——冲出办公室——盖塑料布——妈妈的想法改变 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①冲出：rush out of/dash out of ②爬上：climbed up/ascend ③覆盖：cover/blanket ④认为：believe/think 情绪类 ①担心的：anxious/concerned ②感动的：moved/touched [高分句型1]Quickly she got a ladder and plastic sheets and climbed up the ladder to cover one aviary after another with plastic sheets, after which she came back to the office, as wet as a drowned rat.（由“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句） [高分句型2]When she entered the office, she saw Isabel, who was drenched.（由关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句和when引导的时间状语从句） 7．    Meanwhile, Evelyn saw something pink and plastic on Aunt Kim’s quilt and it looked like a guitar pick. “Daniel, did Aunt Kim ask you to get her guitar pig? Or did she say guitar pick?” Her cousin said, “It was hard to hear her, because Dad and Uncle Mike were playing their violins. What’s a guitar pick?” Evelyn held up the pink thing. “Yesterday, before your family got here, Aunt Kim played the guitar for me. She was using this. I think it’s called a guitar pick.” Daniel said, “Well, it is pink, and it was on her bed ... It should be a guitar pick.” The violin music was over when the cousins walked onto the porch. Aunt Kim was talking to Grandma. Before the cousins could say anything, Aunt Kim said, “Oh thanks, you two! I really don’t like playing without my lucky guitar pick.” Evelyn handed it over, and Aunt Kim tried it a few times. “I hope it wasn’t hard to find it.” “It was just where you said it was.” said Daniel, looking at Evelyn. And then they laughed heartily. 【写作分析】本文以故事发展的顺序为线索展开，讲述了举行家庭音乐会时金阿姨让丹尼尔替她找粉红色的吉他拔片(a guitar pick)，丹尼尔却误听成了吉他猪(a guitar pig)，最终经过一番寻找和确认，丹尼尔和伊芙琳终于帮金阿姨找到粉色吉他拔片的故事。 【要点详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“与此同时，伊芙琳在金阿姨的被子上看到了一个粉红色和塑料的东西，看起来像一个吉他拨片。”可知，第一段可描写在伊芙琳的提示下丹尼尔终于明白金阿姨要找的是吉他拔片而不是粉色的吉他猪。 ②由第二段首句内容“丹尼尔说：“嗯，它是粉红色的，它在她的床上……应该是吉他拨片。”可知，第二段可描写伊芙琳和丹尼尔帮金阿姨找到了吉他拔片，以及将吉他拔片交给金阿姨后金阿姨的反应。 2.续写线索：发现粉红的吉他拔片——伊芙琳向丹尼尔解释——确认要找的是吉他拔片——送吉他拔片给金阿姨——金阿姨看到吉他拔片时的欣喜。 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①举起：hold up/raise/lift ②传递：hand over/pass ③大笑：laugh/burst out laughter 情绪类 ①开心地：heartily/happily ②幸运的：lucky/fortunate 【高分句型1】The violin music was over when the cousins walked onto the porch. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句) 【高分句型2】I hope it wasn’t hard to find it. (运用了省略that的宾语从句和it作形式主语不定式作真正宾语的结构) 8． Now all the kids were looking at Dandelion again, but this time their faces were friendly and interested. They started crowding around her with questions. They wanted to know about her family and her pets. Shanti said she liked Dandelion’s dress very much. Someone asked her more about plantains, and she told them everything she knew about them, which was a lot. Then, at Izzy’s request, she treated everyone to a fantastic old story about plantains. Everyone sat breathlessly and paid their full attention to it. In the end, they cheered at the exciting ending. Izzy said when the evening was over: “Queen of Hearts deserves a big gold star, doesn’t she?” Shanti, Harmon, and the others all noisily agreed. They raised their glasses, showed her their respect, and wished her happiness while Izzy smiled. Dandelion was not lonely and nervous anymore. Now she was relaxed and happy. She wasn’t sure about being the Queen of Hearts, but she’d managed to be herself after all. Most surprisingly, she’d found some great new friends at the wonderful Golden Oval. 【写作分析】本文以时间为线索展开，讲述了Dandelion Pinkley受邀参加Izzy Wishbones举办的晚宴，庆祝他与老朋友们的聚会。当Dandelion到达时，她发现自己不认识任何一个孩子，感到非常尴尬。尽管其他孩子对她有些嘲笑，但Izzy一直支持她，称赞她是他认识的最聪明的人。在晚宴上，其他孩子都在吹牛和开玩笑，而Dandelion则专注于食物。当提到桌上的“香蕉”时，Dandelion纠正说它们实际上是大蕉，并解释了它们与香蕉的区别。Izzy对此感到兴奋，因为他知道大蕉是Dandelion最喜欢的食物之一，并且特意为她准备了这些。 【要点详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“现在，所有的孩子们都再次看着Dandelion，但这次他们的脸是友好和感兴趣的。”可知，第一段可描写孩子们开始友好地询问Dandelion问题，和她交流，以及Dandelion讲述了更多的关于大蕉的故事，吸引了孩子们的注意力。 ②由第二段首句内容“当晚结束时，Izzy说：“红心皇后（Dandelion）应该得到一颗大的金色星星，不是吗？”可知，第二段可描写孩子们表示同意，向Dandelion送出祝福，以及Dandelion感觉到自己被接纳，交到了一些新的朋友。 2. 续写线索：孩子们看向Dandelion——孩子们与Dandelion交流——Dandelion讲故事——Izzy提议认可Dandelion的才智——孩子们祝福Dandelion——Dandelion的感受 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①开始：start/commence ②喜欢：like/be fond of ③集中注意力于：pay attention to/focus on/concentrate on ④展示：show/present/display 情绪类 ①令人激动的：exciting/thrilling/exhilarating ②紧张的：nervous/tense ③开心的：happy/delighted/glad [高分句型1] Shanti said she liked Dandelion’s dress very much. (省略that引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2] Someone asked her more about plantains, and she told them everything she knew about them, which was a lot. (省略关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句、which引导非限制性定语从句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$