技巧09 用伏笔增添续写的力度-【同步写作课】2024-2025学年高二英语读后续写基础技巧与整体演练(通用版)

高二英语读后续写基础技巧与整体演练 技巧09 用伏笔增添续写的力度 读后续写是将阅读与书面表达融为一体的题型，要求学生在阅读一篇既定语言材料的基础上，结合相关提示，形成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接，且情节和结构完整的短文。学生通过对语篇已知信息的输入理解，运用思维拓展方式展开联想，输出既切合原文又能凸显个性表达的短文。续写短文前后连贯，符合行文规则，且能破题而出，应是高效续写的必然要求。纵观优秀读后续写，往往都能找到“事出有因”的突破口与“相辅相成”的衔接点，能从不经意的一点中扩散渲染，写出可读性强、表达性准的文章。以语篇中的已有信息为伏笔，紧扣时空转化、个性特征、主旨内涵和物体展现等挖掘与原文相匹配的表达信息要求，能助力续写文章形神兼备、语义颇丰。 一、聚焦时空变化伏笔，营造浓厚氛围 读后续写一般以记叙文为主，按照叙事发展结构来完成组织文章架构。叙事结构多以指向为特征，阐述时间、地点、人物以及事情的发展过程等，需要读者能跟随语篇描述理清行文脉络与思路。学生从叙事中找出与时空有关的要素，理清表达前后逻辑，掌握人物性格特征、事情发展变化等。学生可结合时空元素，按照“3W1H”模式，列出相应的走势思维导图，让学生能依据时空元素认真揣摩与提炼。 时空变化能对人物思想、行动等产生一定的外在影响，这便是常说的“年年岁岁人不同”。学生通过搜集时空变化相关素材，能产生“移步换景、情有所源”的续写效果。学生根据时空变化，摸清时间变化差异和地点不同，有助于从中获得更多可表达的切入点。例如，在一次读后续写的例子中，给定的材料是“Just after New Year”，学生可根据上述材料展开对雪景的描述 ，如 the frozen snow、the biting wind 等，然后引导学生从雪的变化和风的凛冽中感受严寒，也为增添故事的情节提供服务。学生需要写出狂风、暴雪、严寒，也要根据行进的路线展现不同的雪景变化。再如，2018年的浙江高考题中给定的材料提到主人公与爸爸在“The wild dark”骑马迷路了，需要考生予以推测：一是在广袤的西部，不可能会有陌生人帮助他们走出迷路的困境；二是文中迷路的父子俩也不可能顺着“track”找到回叔叔家的路。学生在续写中要紧扣“时间是傍晚，越来越黑”和“空间是西部，人生地不熟”进行推理，并且不能突破上述“底线”开展天马行空的描述，要从时空变化中紧扣故事发展情节变化，尤其是人物可能遇到的问题，开展有针对性的联想，让时空与构思的情节合拍，且合情合理。 以时空变化引导学生在解读素材中找到相应的元素，便于学生依据上述变化理清表达的思路。通过时空指向引导学生以发散思维找出可表达的元素和素材，既能对故事发展趋势做出回应，又能使学生在不断关注发展过程中融入现象思维。这样随着时空变化而开展的续写能帮助学生形成多样化表达路径，且能对事情发展走势起到铺垫促进作用。 二、突出个性差异伏笔，传达真情 千人千面，各有不同。面对不同人物的不同性格特征，教师要引导学生从揣摩人物的个性特征切入，多引导学生从行为和心理出发，切合其中的要点开展有针对性的阐述。依据个性差异伏笔，能为学生续写人物差异奠定情感“资本”。从个性出发续写，能在准确临摹作者表达的思想情感基础上产生多样化感知。个性伏笔也能使得续写与原文的人物特征紧密结合，符合续写的多元化、差异化特征，从而使得续写更加符合命题者的意图安排。 例如，在一篇以“Mom’s Concerns”为主题的短文续写中，一位年轻的妈妈带着生病的小女孩拍摄一张照片。这个小女孩想要拍摄有独角兽的照片。而作者因为生意火爆，需要预约才能给客户拍照。这位母亲的到来，让作者感到好奇：“What kind of photo does the mother want to take for her little girl? The girl said she wanted to take a photo with the unicorn. Later, I learned that the girl was sick. I feel worried for the mother. Unexpectedly, the girl exclaimed, ‘Auntie, it is so beautiful!’”。原来二人并非母女 ，那会是什么关系呢？ 围绕“Why do hey take photos? What is the value and significance of taking photos?”，可要求学生从作者、妈妈以及小女孩的个性特征进行描述，根据人物的性格特征，从“作者接受了没有预约的拍照生意了吗？这个看似年轻的妈妈为什么带女孩拍照？有什么隐情？在拍照中，女孩为什么要和独角兽拍照？其他预约的客户见到这样的情形会说些什么？”这一系列问题出发，找出续写短文的伏笔，并从不同的人物身份、认知需求和情感意义等方面予以重点阐述。在学生对语篇阅读理解有了更多认识后，教师可引导学生从不同角度和层面揣摩其中的个性。同时，面对不同的个性特征，学生可运用换位思考、逆向思考、转变结果等方式，让文章中人物性格特征的差异得以活灵活现展现。 切合原文的人物个性特征，以放大效应引导学生揣摩和构思，能激发学生的表达灵感。学生结合文本中人物的个性特征，在适当发挥想象的前提下找到更多有价值指向，以此凸显人物的鲜明特点。围绕人物的个性特点尝试从不同的层面出发，最大限度展现人物个性，使续写内容与人物个性形成高度融合。 三、聚焦主旨内涵伏笔，引人深思 阅读理解语篇的主题是学生必须关注的重要内容，也是学生续写的线索路径。从学生的整体理解认知需要出发，多深入分析主旨，在揣摩作者的写作意图和命题者的命题意图中探索其中的内涵，是多元续写语篇的前提。围绕语篇主旨做好伏笔，既利于学生在切合文本内涵要义的基础上形成针对性认知，也便于学生从中找到有价值的信息点。根据语篇主旨内容，教师可要求学生结合主旨，从不同的层面和角度剖析，帮助学生在聚焦主旨中多伏笔，不偏离方向。 以主旨为伏笔，能帮助学生打开认知的思维。例如，一篇主旨为“Passing Love, Making Love Warmer”的文本讲述了May一家在风雪交加的夜晚如何帮助穷人，给他们送去食物，还帮助他们打扫了卫生，度过了一个有意义的新年。围绕“We were soon ready and set out. With May and Beth carrying the pot and I holding the porridge, we closely trailed mom. We plodded forward in the harsh wind and heavy snow. Then appeared a shabby house and in we popped... All the work done, we sat around and enjoyed the delicious food with mom complimenting it was the most meaningful New Year she had ever had. Meanwhile, tears of gratitude twinkled in the family ’s eyes as no words could convey with their appreciation towards us. ”。很多学生能找出“ 陌生人之间爱的传递”的道理，以此为伏笔，结合“We were soon ready and set out ”找出外出的原因，从作者一家人经历的故事中深入构思：“What did they do? What did they get from helping the poor family?”。同时，围绕上述内容，教师可引导学生针对作者一家在穷人家打扫卫生的信息，根据表达主旨，围绕“What does the family think when helping poor people clean up?”，要求学生从揣摩作者一家人的心理活动中深入品味，并通过这样的伏笔引导学生深入揣摩主旨，使学生在融入互动中找到可表达的切入点和发散点。 以主旨内涵为线索，引导学生发散推理与开放研读，切合主旨内涵深化表达，从而捕捉多姿多彩的灵感。同时，学生可根据语篇主旨内涵，设定与之相关的人物、情节等，多揣摩可能发生的故事，书写出更多“形散神聚”的短文。结合学生对语篇主旨的理解，可引导学生埋下伏笔，从延伸主旨角度出发，引人深省。 四、巧借物体展现伏笔，建构情节 物有所指，意有所向。利用前文的某个点或者某件事物，从与之相关联的时间、地点、人物和事情的起因等要素出发，多找出与之相应的内容，定会有所发现。通过照应的方式引导学生融入其中，有助于学生在发现不同的基础上获得深厚认知。从物体出现的时间、地点等角度出发，找出与之相关联的要素，切实帮助学生从中获得意想不到的思维发散点。 围绕物体找出与之相应的因果，能使读后续写更有针对性。以下面这篇读后续写为例：“The next day, Alan went out to get the mail as usual. To his surprise, there was a new kite—a cute robin with beautiful feathers—in the box along with a note written on the National Grid ’s notepaper. ‘I felt bad for your daughter, so I hope this new kite could make her mile, ’ it read. ‘Stay safe and healthy! ’The note was unsigned... ”。显然，故事中的“kite”是连贯全文的重要物体，具有一定的指导意义。围绕风筝，Alan想到了“The sad situation of my little sister ’s kite accidentally being hung on the wire while flying it. ”，他看到风筝被吹到了电线上也无能为力，幸好国家电网的工作者将风筝摘了下来，并且买了一只新风筝，让Alan感到无比的惊讶和欣慰。以风筝为物体，并以此为伏笔，有助于学生在构思中不偏离方向，且能从中起到“以小见大”的功效，并能促使读者在仔细品读中获得富有深意的理解切入点，使学生产生书面表达的好奇心和新鲜感。教师可引导学生针对“What are there in the kite?”，从买风筝、放风筝和丢风筝等过程中找出与之相关的内容，引导学生围绕风筝发挥想象，找出与风筝相扣的环节，理出其中值得运用的线索。 利用物体的串联作用，给学生留足时间深思，从物体出现的频次、连贯作用等角度出发，为续写埋下伏笔。学生带着对物体的不同解读，可从主题意义、物体串联等方面深入挖掘有价值的线索。切合问题线索，多给学生提示，引导学生从物体的前后衔接、表达意图等方面出发，能有所收获。 “读书要玩味，写作要通意。”伏笔在读后续写中能起到串联合意的作用，达到浑然天成的效果。通过多种伏笔引导学生在主动写作中深入探究，能让读后续写富有逻辑与意义。以伏笔活化读后续写，能给学生留下深刻印象，激发学生主动表达创作的激情和好奇心，满足探究需求。 1．（23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 Excited screams of joy, the sounds of two happy little girls playing on the sand, ran across the beach. But I walked along, barely aware of them. I’d come to this remote beach on my sailboat, a place to escape. My wife and I had recently separated, our marriage in trouble. I worried about my two boys, just six and eight. It seemed like forever since Td heard them laugh. But I didn’t know what to do to make things better. “Help! Help!” The girls shouted out. I’d meant to tell them to stay away from the dangerous water. Now one of them was in the ocean, beyond the surf line. I could just hear her screams over the waves. Any second now she’d be swept away. I ran across the sand as fast as I could. The other girl was at the edge of the surf, yelling. “Wait! Stop! Don’t go any farther!” I charged into the waves and was reaching for her when a wall of water dashed over us. For half a second I saw her disappear under another big wave. Tm a strong swimmer, but I could feel the wave pulling me hard. I swam to her and seized her, her little body shaking. But where was the other girl? I saw a waving arm. A head broke the surface, not far away. The arms of the girl I’d rescued were wrapped desperately around my neck. She was breathing in sobs. “Let go of my neck. I need you on my back. Hold my shoulders so I can swim to your friend.” She loosed her hands and I shifted her to my back. ‘‘She’s my sister, Sarah, and I am Lillian,’’ she said. For a moment I thought of my boys. How much they loved each other. How much I loved them. I looked across the water and saw a small head after a big wave. I quickened my swimming, fighting for each breath. Tiny arms pressed against my shoulders. I reached out and held the second little girl. She was in total tiredness, taking deep breaths and crying quietly.Paragraph 1: I floated on my back and looked toward the shore. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Luckily, now I could make out three people on the shore. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．（23-24高一下·江苏常州·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 If there was one thing more than another that Brenda wanted for her birthday, it was a pair of skates. How she hoped her parents would give her a pair! In vain (徒劳) her mother explained that Brenda might not learn to use them as easily as other children, and that she might fall many times and perhaps hurt herself before she could skate properly. Brenda wanted skates and that was that. She thought about skates all day and dreamed about skates all night. She pictured herself skating to school and home, skating to the stores for Mother, and skating all over the yard. Her birthday came at last, and with it the precious package which she had been eager for. Before she opened it, she guessed there were skates inside. And there were — beautiful new shiny skates. Just her size, too. Brenda was on cloud nine. She felt she had never been so happy in all her life. And now it was time to practice with them. Hardly was breakfast over when she was out on the smooth concrete(水泥地).“At last,”she thought,“I am going to skate! Hooray!” Excitedly she put on her precious pairs of skates and eagerly she stood up. But only for a moment. Suddenly, to her great surprise, away went both her feet from under her. Down she went. Brenda stood up again. But hardly had she put one foot forward, when the other started running backward, and down she went again. This really hurt, and Brenda felt very much like crying. Slowly she got up once more despite the pain and started to walk with great care. But before she knew what was going on, she was sitting on the concrete again. She felt very sad, tears filling her eyes. All her hopes of skating to school and town like the other girls disappeared. She began to wish she had never asked for skates for her birthday. She cried, taking off the skates from her feet and throwing them inside the back door. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； Mother saw all this and asked Brenda what was wrong. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Slowly Brenda put on the skates, got up and tried again. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．（23-24高二下·安徽淮北·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A few years ago, the company I worked for sent my wife and me to live in New York for a year. I’ve always loved running, so I was really happy when I found out I lived next to Central Park. It meant that every morning I could go for a run before I went to work. Because a lot of people had told me to be careful of robbers in the park, so usually I didn’t take anything with me. How could they rob me if I didn’t have anything? But one morning, my wife gave me a $10 bill and asked me to buy some bread on the way. It was a beautiful morning and the park was quiet with very few people walking or jogging around. While I was running through the park, another jogger knocked into me. He apologized and continued running. For a while, I didn’t think too much of it. However, when I noticed the wide path where I was running, I thought it was kind of strange. The warning of robbers in the park occurred to me. “It could have been a robber!” I suddenly became alarmed, so I checked my pocket and found that the money was missing. Without thinking twice, I ran after that jogger. I finally caught up and held him by the arm. I shouted, “Give me the $10 bill! Now!” I am not usually a hot-headed (性急的) person, but I got really angry this time. I couldn’t believe the robbery was actually happening to me. Filled with anger, I shook my fist at him. This seemed to frighten him. He quickly put his hand in his pocket and gave me the money. Then he ran away as fast as he could. I bought the bread and went home. As soon as I got home, I couldn’t wait to tell my wife my story. “You won’t believe what happened to me,” I started with pride. She immediately stopped me, “I know, you left the money for the bread on the kitchen table.” 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Looking at the money on the table, I stood there, shocked. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ For several days, I waited at the same place. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．（21-22高三上·广东广州·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Devi looked through the observation window at the kids below, all waiting in line to get into the pool. She turned to her mother with an angry frown (皱眉) on her face. “Mom, they’re all little kids! I’m 15 already! This is silly!” “I know, Devi,” replied her mother, “but you’re a beginner, too, and you have to start somewhere!” Devi had never been to a swimming lesson in her life. Between schoolwork and helping on her grandfather’s farm, she hadn’t had time for lessons. The closest swimming pool Devi had been to was the duck pool her mother bought her when she was five. Now that Devi was older, her mother had found a new job in the city, and Devi faced a new challenge—school field trips to the local pool. The first day that Devi went with her class to the pool, she had no idea what she was in for. What could be so difficult about swimming? Devi confidently slid into the water and held onto the side of the pool, expecting to be able to touch the bottom with her feet. But when Devi let go of the side of the pool, she slipped under the water—the whole pool was one big deep end! Devi threw her arm toward the side of the pool and caught the ledge (池壁), out of breath. “I really can’t swim! Everyone’s going to laugh at me!” she thought to herself anxiously. On the next field trip to the pool, Devi sat on the side on a bench (长凳), frozen with fear. She put a towel over her shoulders, too embarrassed to try again. When she came home, her mother noticed right away that Devi was upset. “Honey, I’ve signed you up for Angela’s swimming lessons at the local pool. Soon you’ll learn how to swim just like everyone else,” she comforted Devi, showing photos of Angela with her prize—winning students. 注意： 1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右； 2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。 Then came the time for Devi to take her first lesson. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Soon Angela came over to where Devi sat and introduced herself. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．（23-24高二上·安徽马鞍山·开学考试）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “April 23 is English Language Day,” says Melissa, jumping up and down. “What a surprise, dear. What would we have done without you reminding us?” jokes Lindsay. Melissa burst out laughing loudly. “What I meant was that April 23 is a very special day for all of us and I just wanted to make sure non e of you forgot about it.” “What are your plans for that day?” questions Rocky. “I want to do something special to promote our beautiful English language,” dreams Jennifer. “I have an idea,” says Lindsay. “Mango Street’s house No. 10 has been recently occupied (居住) by a family who is not fluent in the English language.” “Where are they from?” asks Melissa. “I don’t know that but I heard the lady talking to the grocery store owner. She had great difficulty explaining her requirements. Her son and daughter also could not understand much. Why don’t we help them improve their English?” wonders Jennifer. “It is a wonderful idea. Shall we go and let them know what we think?” asks Rocky. “Not now. We will go to meet them tomorrow,” decides Jason. The next day, the five friends ring the doorbell of house No.10. A young girl opens the door and smiles at them. “May we come in?” asks Melissa. “We are your neighbors.” The girl calls her mother. The sweet fat lady invites them inside with a smile. All of them sit on the chairs laid out on the front porch (门廊). Jason explains their plan of helping them understand and speak English better. The lady seems grateful. “We will help you in learning how to speak and understand our language,” says Lindsay. The lady smiles her thanks. She point s to the fruits on the table. Rocky picks up one fruit at a time and names it. Jason asks her to repeat. She tries a few times and is able to call each fruit by its name. Her son and daughter learn the names too. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: The friends stay for about an hour. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: On April 23, the new family holds a party for the five children. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．（23-24高二上·四川成都·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A GIFT FOR GRANDPA Summer vacation was coming. Jack and his brother Berlin were filled with excitement as they thought of visiting their grandparents again. The big day came at last. After the happy family got ready, they set out for the grandparents’ eagerly. On the way, the brothers were excitedly talking about the fun they had with grandparents. A little blue house with a tall white chimney finally appeared. Behind the property was the forest carrying their good memories with Grandpa. They arrived at the driveway, at the end of which Grandma was waiting for them joyfully. Jack and Berlin each gave Grandma a big hug and then swept to the living room, shouting  excitedly “Grandpa, we are back!” Seeing his grandsons, Grandpa was wild with joy and tried to get up with all his strength from the chair but in vain. A helpless expression flashed on his face. Grandma explained that his health was declining rapidly and maybe couldn’t stand up on his own forever. But Grandpa declared stubbornly (倔强地), “I can!” Certainly, he was stuck in his boyish way. Mum and grandparents were happy to meet again after a long time. They sat together and chatted about what happened recently. The brothers were soon bored with adult conversation, went out and wandered into the forest. Tall trees stretched up to the heavens with large branches crossing each other, while young ones rose straight like soldiers. Grandpa was once a great explorer full of wisdom. He could tell where the birds came from only by their calls and songs. The trees, birds, lizards, lots of bugs... How many merry moments they spent with Grandpa in the kingdom! But now Grandpa couldn’t get up. This made them worried. “We’d think out a way to cheer him up.” Jack said. “Grandpa is a bird lover, and we can catch him a bird.” Berlin suggested. “But he hates birds being caged!” Jack shook his head. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Then a bright idea came to Jack’s mind. “Why not make a cane (拐杖) out of a young tree!”. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Jack and Berlin handed the cane to Grandpa. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7．（23-24高二下·贵州贵阳·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 There are many things in senior middle school that I still remember clearly. I studied three years in a country school, which is faraway. However, it has a good environment and strict but kind teachers, so I loved the school and all my teachers very much. One Friday, just as we began to read books in reading class at our desks, our teacher, Mrs. Hill, said that she needed to be out of the classroom for a few minutes. She asked the class to read in silence while she was gone. And she said that those who didn’t read books in silence would have to answer to her when she returned. It was well-known that Mrs. Hill was strict. So we had to be on our best behavior. But that Friday, Mrs. Hill hadn’t been gone for ten seconds before some students in the classroom started to talk. From one corner of the classroom I heard Josh ask Nick, “Can I trade my candies for your toy?” At the other end of the room I heard Samantha tell Kayla, “Let’s sit together on the bus for the museum field trip tomorrow.” And so it went all around me, until about half of the students talked with each other. After a while, I, too, forgot about Mrs. Hill’s instructions. I turned back and asked my friend Liza, “Can I borrow your storybook and keep it for a day?” As soon as the words were out of my mouth, Mrs. Hill walked into the classroom. The whole class returned to silence immediately. And we were full of fear. Mrs. Hill slowly looked around the classroom and said, “If you were talking while I was gone, then please stand up.” The guilt (内疚) suddenly weighed heavily on me. “I shouldn’t have talked while she was not in the classroom. And now I should be honest and admit my mistake bravely. This is what my parents have always told me, “I thought. Then, I gathered my courage to stand up, worrying about the punishment that waited for me. Then I looked around. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 To my surprise, no one followed me. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ With Mrs. Hill’s encouragement, another student stood up. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8．（21-22高三上·广东惠州·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 A freezing downpour washed the street in front of the small-town bar. I sat gazing into the watery darkness, alone as usual. I had been in that old bar for half an hour, quietly thinking, when my thoughtful eyes finally focused on a medium-sized lump in a puddle (水洼) a hundred feet away. For another ten minutes, I looked out through the window trying to decide if the lump was an animal or just something. The night before, a dog named Shep had come into the bar begging for potato chips. He was starving and just the size of the lump in the puddle. Why should a dog lie in a cold puddle in the freezing rain? I asked myself. The answer was simple: Either it wasn’t a dog, or it was, and he was too weak to get up. The wound in my right shoulder ached all the way down my fingers, I didn’t want to go out in the storm. Hey, it wasn’t my dog. It was just a stray on a cold rainy night, a lonely drifter(流浪者). So was I, I thought, as I gulped (大口吞咽) down what was left of my drink and headed out the door. He was lying in the three inches of water. When I touched him, he didn’t move. I thought he was dead. I put my hands around his chest and raised him to his feet. He stood unsteadily, and his head hung like a weight at the end of his neck. His floppy ears were just hairless pieces of flesh dotted with open sores (伤口). “Come on, Shep,” I said, leading him to a corner next to the bar, where he lay on the cold cement floor and closed his eyes. A block away I could see the lights of a late-night convenience store. It was still open. I bought three cans of dog food and fed him. He couldn’t swallow but looked at me. He was dying!注意： 1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The local vet was still at his office, so I loaded the poor creature into a taxi and headed there. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A week later, when I opened the door of the vet’s, Shep welcomed me with wild enthusiasm. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 1．Paragraph 1: I floated on my back and looked toward the shore. I couldn’t see anyone. We were too far away from the beach. No way could I swim that far, not with two girls hanging on to my body. I was close to total tiredness. But there was no time to wait. I told Lillian to circle her arms around my shoulders and asked Sarah to hold my neck with both hands. I knew I had to get these kids safe. I swam as hard as I could, but the weight of the girls grew heavier and heavier. I opened my mouth to take a breath, but instead swallowed water. I took one last look at the beach.Paragraph 2: Luckily, now I could make out three people on the shore. So I tried my best to cry out for help. After a while, I woke up. An elderly man was trying to drag me out of the water. Two women were running toward the shore, each carrying a child. 【写作分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在海滩上发现两个女孩被海浪卷走，在耗尽力气的情况下，作者还是把两个女孩救上了岸，最终获救。 【要点详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我仰面漂浮着，望着岸边。”可知，第一段可描写作者和两个女孩在海里挣扎的经过。 ②由第二段首句内容“幸运的是，现在我能辨认出岸上有三个人。”可知，第二段可描写作者呼救，引起注意，并成功得救。 2.续写线索：漂浮——完全疲惫——保证女孩安全——呼救——引起注意——得救 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①看到：see/spot/notice ②尽最大努力：try one’s best/spare no effort ③尝试：try/attempt 情绪类 ①疲惫：tiredness/fatigue ②不可能：no way/out of the question [高分句型1] No way could I swim that far, not with two girls hanging on to my body. (运用了倒装句) [高分句型2] Two women were running toward the shore, each carrying a child. (运用了独立主格结构) 2．Mother saw all this and asked Brenda what was wrong. “I just can't do it,” Brenda sobbed, “I'm just no good at skating.” Hearing what her daughter said, Mother sat down beside her and said genteelly, “You know, Brenda, everyone falls when they first start to skate. It's part of learning. The important thing is to keep trying. Try another time and I am sure you can do it” She gently wiped away Brenda's tears and encouraged her to try again. Slowly Brenda put on the skates, got up and tried again. With each attempt, she fell less frequently and with less force. Her mother cheered her on, offering tips and praise. Eventually, Brenda managed to glide a few feet without falling. Her face lit up with a smile, “I did it, Mom! ” she exclaimed. Mother hugged her, “Yes, you did! And you'll do even better tomorrow. ” The skates, once a source of frustration, now symbolized a lesson in perseverance and the joy of accomplishment. 【写作分析】本文以Brenda学习滑冰的经历为线索展开，讲述了她从渴望得到滑冰鞋，到初次尝试失败，再到最终在母亲的鼓励下重新尝试并取得进步的过程。 【要点详解】段落续写： 由第一段首句内容“母亲看到了这一切，问Brenda怎么了。”可知，第一段可描写Brenda向母亲表达她的挫败感和自我怀疑，以及母亲给予她的鼓励和支持。 由第二段首句内容“Brenda慢慢地穿上滑冰鞋，站起来再试一次。”可知，第二段可描写Brenda在母亲的鼓励下再次尝试，逐渐取得进步，并最终感受到成功的喜悦。 续写线索：表达挫败感——母亲的鼓励——再次尝试——逐渐进步——成功喜悦 词汇激活 行为类 对……擅长：be good at/be expert at 给予鼓励：encourage/offer support 再次尝试：try again /make another attempt 情绪类 感到沮丧：feel frustrated/feel discouraged  感到高兴：feel happy/be delighted [高分句型1]. Hearing what her daughter said, Mother sat down beside her and said genteelly（使用了现在分词作状语） [高分句型2]. With each attempt, she fell less frequently and with less force.（使用介词短语作状语） 3． Looking at the money on the table, I stood there, shocked. For the rest of the day, I felt extremely guilty, with the innocent jogger and his “helplessness” on my mind. How could I be so rude to him without knowing the truth? Why was it that the jogger gave me the money? I still remember his frightened face when I scared him away like a monster. I decided to find a chance to apologize to him. The next morning, I got up and went to the park as usual, but not for jogging. I just hung around where I met that jogger, but in vain. For several days, I waited at the same place. But to my disappointment, he didn’t turn up. It was almost a week later before I finally spotted him again. I, the “robber”, gave the $10 bill back to him and said sorry to him again and again. Fortunately, he forgave me for what I had done to him and said, “Oh, it doesn’t matter.” Many years have passed, but I can still feel my cheeks burning with shame. From the experience I have learned that it is too early to judge a person before you know the truth. 【写作分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在中央公园晨跑时，误以为妻子给自己的面包钱被撞他的慢跑者偷走，作者追回了钱。回到家却发现自己的钱被遗忘在了家里。 【要点详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“看着桌子上的钱，我震惊地站在那里。”可知，第一段可描写作者感觉内疚，并决定向对方道歉，第二天仍然去公园，为了遇见那位慢跑者。 ②由第二段首句内容“我在同一个地方等了好几天。”可知，第二段可描写作者再次见到那位慢跑者，还钱并道歉，得到了对方的原谅。 2.续写线索：感觉内疚——决定道歉——等候慢跑者——再见面——还钱、道歉并得到原谅——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①归还：give back/return ②决定做：decide to do/make up one’s mind to do ③道歉：apologize/make an apology 情绪类 ①惊恐的：frightened/alarmed/scared ②内疚的： guilty/sinful 【高分句型1】I still remember his frightened face when I scared him away like a monster.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句） 【高分句型2】It was almost a week later before I finally spotted him again.（运用了before引导的时间状语从句） 4．Then came the time for Devi to take her first lesson. She dragged her feet to the side of the pool and sat down, in doubt whether lessons would be helpful. Scanning around, Devi spotted her instructor across the pool, together with the little kids who jumped into the water like fish leaping into the ocean. She watched in amazement. Envious as Devi was, a flush of embarrassment soon crept to her cheeks when a little girl passed by, asking her not to be scared. How embarrassing! She hung her head. (80 words) Soon Angela came over to where Devi sat and introduced herself. Devi was astonished to be made aware that Angela had never learned swimming until she was 20. Greatly inspired, Devi now regained hope. She entered the pool a second time in the company of Angela, several cheerful kids floating near to cheer her on. Devi began to feel more at ease, her movement less stiff and her breath more even. With a grateful heart, Devi realized that she might not be a fearless swimmer, but she would sure/surely have fun trying. (81 words) 【写作分析】本文以人物为线索展开。文章讲述了黛维因为学业和在农场帮助祖父而一直没有时间去游泳，妈妈给黛维在当地找了游泳池学习游泳，黛维初次学习的时候感觉很自信，但是真正进入到水里的时候发现游泳比想象中难，不小心呛水的黛维觉得自己很尴尬，恐惧去学游泳，这时黛维的母亲给她报了一个游泳班。 【要点详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“然后是黛维上第一课的时候了。”可知，第一段应描写戴维第一次上课时她的畏惧以及尴尬的情绪。 ②由第二段首句内容“不久，安吉拉来到黛维坐着的地方，做了自我介绍。”可知，第二段可以描写戴维在安吉拉的鼓励下开始勇敢的学习游泳的过程。 2.续写线索：怀疑课程——看别人跳水——感到尴尬——和老师交流——尝试游泳——喜欢上游泳 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①垂着头：hang one’s head/put one’s head down ②四处看：scan around/look around ③跳：jump/skip/bound/spring 情绪类 ①感激：With a grateful heart/show his gratitude/be grateful ②惊讶地：in amazement/in surprise/surprisingly [高分句型1] She dragged her feet to the side of the pool and sat down, in doubt whether lessons would be helpful.（由连接词whether引导的同位语从句） [高分句型2] Envious as Devi was, a flush of embarrassment soon crept to her cheeks when a little girl passed by, asking her not to be scared. How embarrassing! She hung her head.（as引导的让步状语从句的倒装；when引导的时间状语从句。） 5．One Possible Version The friends stay for about an hour. By that time, the mother and her kids have learned the names of most things in the kitchen. “We have to go now but we will be back tomorrow and teach you complete sentences,” announces Jennifer. The lady offers lemonade and cupcakes to all of them and says goodbye, smiling happily. The friends visit the new family every day after school and help them to learn new words and sentences. In about two weeks, the newcomers are able to communicate in pretty good English and have no difficulty at the supermarket and at various social gatherings. On April 23, the new family holds a party for the five children. They intend to thank these kind children. Through their efforts they have made speaking and understanding English easy for them. Jason and Jennifer together with their parents come to the party and so do the others. The hostess gives a speech at the end, praising the warm-hearted kids, who have helped them overcome their difficulty in speaking the English language and made them feel comfortable in a new place. 【写作分析】文章以人物为线索展开，讲述了一群朋友计划在英语日（April 23）做一件特别的事情来推广英语。他们注意到Mango Street的10号房子最近住进了一个不太会说英语的家庭。于是，他们决定去帮助他们提高英语。第二天，他们访问了这个家庭，并开始教他们如何说和理解英语。家庭成员，特别是母亲和孩子们，开始尝试学习并记住一些简单的英语单词，如水果的名称。 【要点详解】1. 段落续写 ①由第一段首句内容“朋友们呆了大约一个小时。”可知，第一段可描写五个孩子教这个家庭语言的过程。 ②由第二段首句内容“4月23日，这个新家庭为五个孩子举办了一个聚会。”可知，第二段可描写这个家庭举办聚会感谢了这些孩子。 2. 续写线索：提供食物表示感谢——帮助学习单词和句子——日常交流没有困难——举办聚会感谢并赞美这些孩子 3. 词汇激活 行为类 提供某物给某人：offer sth. to sb./provide sth. for sb. 拜访：visit/pay a visit to 帮助：help/assist 克服：overcome/get over 情绪类 高兴地：happily/cheerfully 感谢：thank/appreciate 【高分句型1】The lady offers lemonade and cupcakes to all of them and says goodbye, smiling happily.(运用了现在分词作状语) 【高分句型2】The hostess gives a speech at the end, praising the warm-hearted kids, who have helped them overcome their difficulty in speaking the English language and made them feel comfortable in a new place. (运用了现在分词作状语，who引导非限制性定语从句) 6．    Then a bright idea came to Jack’s mind. “Why not make a cane (拐杖) out of a young tree!” Berlin thought it was a good idea. When the two brothers reached an agreement, they quickly ran back to their grandfather’s house, got the tools they needed to make the cane, and ran back to the woods. In the woods, they worked hard to find a straight tree and set to work. After cutting the tree down, they took the bark (树皮) off with a knife. After an hour, a hand-made cane was finally made, which was smooth and was just of the right size. The two brothers were sure that their grandpa would love it! Jack and Berlin handed the cane to Grandpa. The moment grandpa took the cane with shaking hands, he cried with joy, “This is made by my grandsons themselves. How precious it is!” Jack shouted, “Grandpa, we hope this cane will help you stand up and come with us to explore the woods!” Grandpa smiled at the boys and seized the cane in his right hand, trying to stand up. To their amazement, he did it! Everyone was excited to see grandpa stand up. At that moment, Jack noticed grandfather’s eyes were wet. What a wonderful gift he had ever got! 【写作分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了暑假Jack和Berlin兄弟俩去看望爷爷奶奶，却发现爷爷因健康问题无法站起来，后来Jack和Berlin去森林闲逛时想起了爷爷曾经带他们在这里度过的快乐时光，他们很担心，Berlin提议给爷爷抓一只鸟放在笼子里，遭到了Jack的否定。 【要点详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“这时，Jack想到了一个好主意。”可知，第一段可描写Jack提议给爷爷做拐杖以及他们的制作过程。 ②由第二段首句内容“Jack和Berlin把拐杖递给爷爷。”可知，第二段可描写爷爷收到拐杖后的反应以及爷爷借助拐杖成功站起来。 2.续写线索：建议做拐杖——制作过程——交给爷爷——爷爷站起来——众人反应——注意到爷爷眼睛湿润 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①达成协议：reach an agreement/make an agreement ②喊：shout/yell ③帮助：help/assist 情绪类 ①高兴：joy/happiness ②惊讶：amazement/surprise [高分句型1] After an hour, a hand-made cane was finally made, which was smooth and was just of the right size.（由关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句） [高分句型2] The moment grandpa took the cane with shaking hands, he cried with joy, “This is made by my grandsons themselves. How precious it is!”（由the moment引导时间状语从句） 7．One possible version: To my surprise, no one followed me. I lowered my head alone and was filled with fear. After looking a-round for a while, Mrs. Hill walked towards me. Strangely, she asked in a soft voice, “Why did you dare to stand up?” I said I wanted to be honest and that I realized what I had done was wrong. Unexpectedly, Mrs. Hill was quite amazed by my answer and praised me for that. Then she returned to the front of the classroom and explained why we should be honest. With Mrs. Hill’s encouragement, another student stood up. Then more students followed until about half of the students stood up. Seeing it, Mrs. Hill praised us for our courage. Then, she asked us to sit down. We continued reading books. After we finished, Mrs. Hill reminded us to remember that everyone should be responsible for his behavior. We all agreed with her. And I was happy that in a way I set a good example to my classmates. 【写作分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在高中上Mrs. Hill的课时，Mrs. Hill因为有事临时离开教室，要求大家默读，并且说当她回来时，那些不默读书籍的人必须回答她的问题。但是在老师走后不久，同学们就开始说话，直到大约有一半同学说话时，作者也忘记了老师的指示，开始跟朋友借故事书。但是正在这时Mrs. Hill回到了教室，并且要求说话的同学站起来。作者想到父母教育要诚实，于是鼓起勇气站了起来。 【要点详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“令我惊讶的是，没有人跟随我。”可知，第一段可描写没有人跟随我站起来，老师的反应是什么以及我的感受。 ②由第二段首句内容“在希尔夫人的鼓励下，另一个学生站了起来。”可知第二段可描写在希尔夫人的鼓励下陆续有同学站起来，之后老师如何教育我们。 2.续写线索：无人跟随——恐惧——老师询问——表扬——同学跟随——老师教育——喜悦 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①走向：walk towards/step towards/come up to ②想要做某事：want to do/intend to do/would like to do ③继续做某事：continue doing/go on doing 情绪类 ①满是恐惧：be filled with fear/be full of horror ②高兴的： happy/delighted [高分句型1]I said I wanted to be honest and that I realized what I had done was wrong. (运用了and连接两个并列的宾语从句，且第一个引导词that省略；以及what引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2]After we finished, Mrs. Hill reminded us to remember that everyone should be responsible for his behavior. (运用了after引导的时间状语从句和that引导的宾语从句) 8．One possible version: The local vet was still at his office, so I loaded the poor creature into a taxi and headed there. After a quick check on the poor dog, the vet shook his head with regret. He promised me he would try his best but Shep was unlikely to get through it unless there was a miracle. While the vet treated the sores carefully, I tried to drop water in his mouth and fed him with food bit by bit. Never did I give up hope of getting him saved. Many times I would caress his neck, whispering something in his ear to encourage him to hold on. So weak he was that he had to stay in the vet’s. A week later, when I opened the door of the vet’s, Shep welcomed me with wild enthusiasm. He wagged his tail from left to right as if to say “Thank you”. He was gaining strength and improving for the better. Tears filling my eyes, I knew all our efforts were worthwhile. Soon, the dog recovered from severe sores and I adopted him and took him home. Once in a while, I would go to that bar with Shep, a drink for myself and potato chips for him. What would have happened if I hadn’t stepped out on that stormy night? Care and kindness really made a difference to both of us. 【写作分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者独自坐在小镇的老酒吧凝视着一百英尺外的水坑，水坑里有一团中等大小的东西，而外面在下着冰冷的大雨。经过长时间的思考，最终作者前去查看，到水坑里确认是那只叫Shep的流浪狗，他已经奄奄一息。作者带Shep去看兽医，和兽医一起努力救助他。作者再去诊所时Shep已经恢复体力，作者收养了他。 【要点详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“当地的兽医还在他的办公室里，所以我把这只可怜的动物送上一辆出租车，直奔那里。”可知，第一段可描写作者带Shep去看兽医，和兽医一起努力救助他。 ②由第二段首句内容“一个星期后，当我打开兽医诊所的门时，Shep热情地欢迎我。”可知，第二段可描写作者再去诊所时Shep已经恢复体力，此后作者收养了他。 2. 续写线索：带Shep看兽医——情况不乐观——一起救助Shep ——Shep得救了——收养了Shep——作者的感慨 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①尽力：try one’s best/ try one’s utmost ②低声说： whisper/ mutter/ speak in a low voice 情绪类 ①小心地：carefully/ with care ②严重的：severe/ serious/ extremely bad [高分句型1]He promised me he would try his best but Shep was unlikely to get through it unless there was a miracle.(运用了由unless引导的条件状语从句和省略that的宾语从句) [高分句型2]While the vet treated the sores carefully, I tried to drop water in his mouth and fed him with food bit by bit.(运用了由while引导的时间状语从句) [高分句型3]So weak he was that he had to stay in the vet’s.(部分倒装以及运用了由so…that引导的结果状语从句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 高二英语读后续写基础技巧与整体演练 技巧09 用伏笔增添续写的力度 读后续写是将阅读与书面表达融为一体的题型，要求学生在阅读一篇既定语言材料的基础上，结合相关提示，形成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接，且情节和结构完整的短文。学生通过对语篇已知信息的输入理解，运用思维拓展方式展开联想，输出既切合原文又能凸显个性表达的短文。续写短文前后连贯，符合行文规则，且能破题而出，应是高效续写的必然要求。纵观优秀读后续写，往往都能找到“事出有因”的突破口与“相辅相成”的衔接点，能从不经意的一点中扩散渲染，写出可读性强、表达性准的文章。以语篇中的已有信息为伏笔，紧扣时空转化、个性特征、主旨内涵和物体展现等挖掘与原文相匹配的表达信息要求，能助力续写文章形神兼备、语义颇丰。 一、聚焦时空变化伏笔，营造浓厚氛围 读后续写一般以记叙文为主，按照叙事发展结构来完成组织文章架构。叙事结构多以指向为特征，阐述时间、地点、人物以及事情的发展过程等，需要读者能跟随语篇描述理清行文脉络与思路。学生从叙事中找出与时空有关的要素，理清表达前后逻辑，掌握人物性格特征、事情发展变化等。学生可结合时空元素，按照“3W1H”模式，列出相应的走势思维导图，让学生能依据时空元素认真揣摩与提炼。 时空变化能对人物思想、行动等产生一定的外在影响，这便是常说的“年年岁岁人不同”。学生通过搜集时空变化相关素材，能产生“移步换景、情有所源”的续写效果。学生根据时空变化，摸清时间变化差异和地点不同，有助于从中获得更多可表达的切入点。例如，在一次读后续写的例子中，给定的材料是“Just after New Year”，学生可根据上述材料展开对雪景的描述 ，如 the frozen snow、the biting wind 等，然后引导学生从雪的变化和风的凛冽中感受严寒，也为增添故事的情节提供服务。学生需要写出狂风、暴雪、严寒，也要根据行进的路线展现不同的雪景变化。再如，2018年的浙江高考题中给定的材料提到主人公与爸爸在“The wild dark”骑马迷路了，需要考生予以推测：一是在广袤的西部，不可能会有陌生人帮助他们走出迷路的困境；二是文中迷路的父子俩也不可能顺着“track”找到回叔叔家的路。学生在续写中要紧扣“时间是傍晚，越来越黑”和“空间是西部，人生地不熟”进行推理，并且不能突破上述“底线”开展天马行空的描述，要从时空变化中紧扣故事发展情节变化，尤其是人物可能遇到的问题，开展有针对性的联想，让时空与构思的情节合拍，且合情合理。 以时空变化引导学生在解读素材中找到相应的元素，便于学生依据上述变化理清表达的思路。通过时空指向引导学生以发散思维找出可表达的元素和素材，既能对故事发展趋势做出回应，又能使学生在不断关注发展过程中融入现象思维。这样随着时空变化而开展的续写能帮助学生形成多样化表达路径，且能对事情发展走势起到铺垫促进作用。 二、突出个性差异伏笔，传达真情 千人千面，各有不同。面对不同人物的不同性格特征，教师要引导学生从揣摩人物的个性特征切入，多引导学生从行为和心理出发，切合其中的要点开展有针对性的阐述。依据个性差异伏笔，能为学生续写人物差异奠定情感“资本”。从个性出发续写，能在准确临摹作者表达的思想情感基础上产生多样化感知。个性伏笔也能使得续写与原文的人物特征紧密结合，符合续写的多元化、差异化特征，从而使得续写更加符合命题者的意图安排。 例如，在一篇以“Mom’s Concerns”为主题的短文续写中，一位年轻的妈妈带着生病的小女孩拍摄一张照片。这个小女孩想要拍摄有独角兽的照片。而作者因为生意火爆，需要预约才能给客户拍照。这位母亲的到来，让作者感到好奇：“What kind of photo does the mother want to take for her little girl? The girl said she wanted to take a photo with the unicorn. Later, I learned that the girl was sick. I feel worried for the mother. Unexpectedly, the girl exclaimed, ‘Auntie, it is so beautiful!’”。原来二人并非母女 ，那会是什么关系呢？ 围绕“Why do hey take photos? What is the value and significance of taking photos?”，可要求学生从作者、妈妈以及小女孩的个性特征进行描述，根据人物的性格特征，从“作者接受了没有预约的拍照生意了吗？这个看似年轻的妈妈为什么带女孩拍照？有什么隐情？在拍照中，女孩为什么要和独角兽拍照？其他预约的客户见到这样的情形会说些什么？”这一系列问题出发，找出续写短文的伏笔，并从不同的人物身份、认知需求和情感意义等方面予以重点阐述。在学生对语篇阅读理解有了更多认识后，教师可引导学生从不同角度和层面揣摩其中的个性。同时，面对不同的个性特征，学生可运用换位思考、逆向思考、转变结果等方式，让文章中人物性格特征的差异得以活灵活现展现。 切合原文的人物个性特征，以放大效应引导学生揣摩和构思，能激发学生的表达灵感。学生结合文本中人物的个性特征，在适当发挥想象的前提下找到更多有价值指向，以此凸显人物的鲜明特点。围绕人物的个性特点尝试从不同的层面出发，最大限度展现人物个性，使续写内容与人物个性形成高度融合。 三、聚焦主旨内涵伏笔，引人深思 阅读理解语篇的主题是学生必须关注的重要内容，也是学生续写的线索路径。从学生的整体理解认知需要出发，多深入分析主旨，在揣摩作者的写作意图和命题者的命题意图中探索其中的内涵，是多元续写语篇的前提。围绕语篇主旨做好伏笔，既利于学生在切合文本内涵要义的基础上形成针对性认知，也便于学生从中找到有价值的信息点。根据语篇主旨内容，教师可要求学生结合主旨，从不同的层面和角度剖析，帮助学生在聚焦主旨中多伏笔，不偏离方向。 以主旨为伏笔，能帮助学生打开认知的思维。例如，一篇主旨为“Passing Love, Making Love Warmer”的文本讲述了May一家在风雪交加的夜晚如何帮助穷人，给他们送去食物，还帮助他们打扫了卫生，度过了一个有意义的新年。围绕“We were soon ready and set out. With May and Beth carrying the pot and I holding the porridge, we closely trailed mom. We plodded forward in the harsh wind and heavy snow. Then appeared a shabby house and in we popped... All the work done, we sat around and enjoyed the delicious food with mom complimenting it was the most meaningful New Year she had ever had. Meanwhile, tears of gratitude twinkled in the family ’s eyes as no words could convey with their appreciation towards us. ”。很多学生能找出“ 陌生人之间爱的传递”的道理，以此为伏笔，结合“We were soon ready and set out ”找出外出的原因，从作者一家人经历的故事中深入构思：“What did they do? What did they get from helping the poor family?”。同时，围绕上述内容，教师可引导学生针对作者一家在穷人家打扫卫生的信息，根据表达主旨，围绕“What does the family think when helping poor people clean up?”，要求学生从揣摩作者一家人的心理活动中深入品味，并通过这样的伏笔引导学生深入揣摩主旨，使学生在融入互动中找到可表达的切入点和发散点。 以主旨内涵为线索，引导学生发散推理与开放研读，切合主旨内涵深化表达，从而捕捉多姿多彩的灵感。同时，学生可根据语篇主旨内涵，设定与之相关的人物、情节等，多揣摩可能发生的故事，书写出更多“形散神聚”的短文。结合学生对语篇主旨的理解，可引导学生埋下伏笔，从延伸主旨角度出发，引人深省。 四、巧借物体展现伏笔，建构情节 物有所指，意有所向。利用前文的某个点或者某件事物，从与之相关联的时间、地点、人物和事情的起因等要素出发，多找出与之相应的内容，定会有所发现。通过照应的方式引导学生融入其中，有助于学生在发现不同的基础上获得深厚认知。从物体出现的时间、地点等角度出发，找出与之相关联的要素，切实帮助学生从中获得意想不到的思维发散点。 围绕物体找出与之相应的因果，能使读后续写更有针对性。以下面这篇读后续写为例：“The next day, Alan went out to get the mail as usual. To his surprise, there was a new kite—a cute robin with beautiful feathers—in the box along with a note written on the National Grid ’s notepaper. ‘I felt bad for your daughter, so I hope this new kite could make her mile, ’ it read. ‘Stay safe and healthy! ’The note was unsigned... ”。显然，故事中的“kite”是连贯全文的重要物体，具有一定的指导意义。围绕风筝，Alan想到了“The sad situation of my little sister ’s kite accidentally being hung on the wire while flying it. ”，他看到风筝被吹到了电线上也无能为力，幸好国家电网的工作者将风筝摘了下来，并且买了一只新风筝，让Alan感到无比的惊讶和欣慰。以风筝为物体，并以此为伏笔，有助于学生在构思中不偏离方向，且能从中起到“以小见大”的功效，并能促使读者在仔细品读中获得富有深意的理解切入点，使学生产生书面表达的好奇心和新鲜感。教师可引导学生针对“What are there in the kite?”，从买风筝、放风筝和丢风筝等过程中找出与之相关的内容，引导学生围绕风筝发挥想象，找出与风筝相扣的环节，理出其中值得运用的线索。 利用物体的串联作用，给学生留足时间深思，从物体出现的频次、连贯作用等角度出发，为续写埋下伏笔。学生带着对物体的不同解读，可从主题意义、物体串联等方面深入挖掘有价值的线索。切合问题线索，多给学生提示，引导学生从物体的前后衔接、表达意图等方面出发，能有所收获。 “读书要玩味，写作要通意。”伏笔在读后续写中能起到串联合意的作用，达到浑然天成的效果。通过多种伏笔引导学生在主动写作中深入探究，能让读后续写富有逻辑与意义。以伏笔活化读后续写，能给学生留下深刻印象，激发学生主动表达创作的激情和好奇心，满足探究需求。 1．（23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 Excited screams of joy, the sounds of two happy little girls playing on the sand, ran across the beach. But I walked along, barely aware of them. I’d come to this remote beach on my sailboat, a place to escape. My wife and I had recently separated, our marriage in trouble. I worried about my two boys, just six and eight. It seemed like forever since Td heard them laugh. But I didn’t know what to do to make things better. “Help! Help!” The girls shouted out. I’d meant to tell them to stay away from the dangerous water. Now one of them was in the ocean, beyond the surf line. I could just hear her screams over the waves. Any second now she’d be swept away. I ran across the sand as fast as I could. The other girl was at the edge of the surf, yelling. “Wait! Stop! Don’t go any farther!” I charged into the waves and was reaching for her when a wall of water dashed over us. For half a second I saw her disappear under another big wave. Tm a strong swimmer, but I could feel the wave pulling me hard. I swam to her and seized her, her little body shaking. But where was the other girl? I saw a waving arm. A head broke the surface, not far away. The arms of the girl I’d rescued were wrapped desperately around my neck. She was breathing in sobs. “Let go of my neck. I need you on my back. Hold my shoulders so I can swim to your friend.” She loosed her hands and I shifted her to my back. ‘‘She’s my sister, Sarah, and I am Lillian,’’ she said. For a moment I thought of my boys. How much they loved each other. How much I loved them. I looked across the water and saw a small head after a big wave. I quickened my swimming, fighting for each breath. Tiny arms pressed against my shoulders. I reached out and held the second little girl. She was in total tiredness, taking deep breaths and crying quietly.Paragraph 1: I floated on my back and looked toward the shore. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Luckily, now I could make out three people on the shore. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．（23-24高一下·江苏常州·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 If there was one thing more than another that Brenda wanted for her birthday, it was a pair of skates. How she hoped her parents would give her a pair! In vain (徒劳) her mother explained that Brenda might not learn to use them as easily as other children, and that she might fall many times and perhaps hurt herself before she could skate properly. Brenda wanted skates and that was that. She thought about skates all day and dreamed about skates all night. She pictured herself skating to school and home, skating to the stores for Mother, and skating all over the yard. Her birthday came at last, and with it the precious package which she had been eager for. Before she opened it, she guessed there were skates inside. And there were — beautiful new shiny skates. Just her size, too. Brenda was on cloud nine. She felt she had never been so happy in all her life. And now it was time to practice with them. Hardly was breakfast over when she was out on the smooth concrete(水泥地).“At last,”she thought,“I am going to skate! Hooray!” Excitedly she put on her precious pairs of skates and eagerly she stood up. But only for a moment. Suddenly, to her great surprise, away went both her feet from under her. Down she went. Brenda stood up again. But hardly had she put one foot forward, when the other started running backward, and down she went again. This really hurt, and Brenda felt very much like crying. Slowly she got up once more despite the pain and started to walk with great care. But before she knew what was going on, she was sitting on the concrete again. She felt very sad, tears filling her eyes. All her hopes of skating to school and town like the other girls disappeared. She began to wish she had never asked for skates for her birthday. She cried, taking off the skates from her feet and throwing them inside the back door. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； Mother saw all this and asked Brenda what was wrong. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Slowly Brenda put on the skates, got up and tried again. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．（23-24高二下·安徽淮北·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A few years ago, the company I worked for sent my wife and me to live in New York for a year. I’ve always loved running, so I was really happy when I found out I lived next to Central Park. It meant that every morning I could go for a run before I went to work. Because a lot of people had told me to be careful of robbers in the park, so usually I didn’t take anything with me. How could they rob me if I didn’t have anything? But one morning, my wife gave me a $10 bill and asked me to buy some bread on the way. It was a beautiful morning and the park was quiet with very few people walking or jogging around. While I was running through the park, another jogger knocked into me. He apologized and continued running. For a while, I didn’t think too much of it. However, when I noticed the wide path where I was running, I thought it was kind of strange. The warning of robbers in the park occurred to me. “It could have been a robber!” I suddenly became alarmed, so I checked my pocket and found that the money was missing. Without thinking twice, I ran after that jogger. I finally caught up and held him by the arm. I shouted, “Give me the $10 bill! Now!” I am not usually a hot-headed (性急的) person, but I got really angry this time. I couldn’t believe the robbery was actually happening to me. Filled with anger, I shook my fist at him. This seemed to frighten him. He quickly put his hand in his pocket and gave me the money. Then he ran away as fast as he could. I bought the bread and went home. As soon as I got home, I couldn’t wait to tell my wife my story. “You won’t believe what happened to me,” I started with pride. She immediately stopped me, “I know, you left the money for the bread on the kitchen table.” 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Looking at the money on the table, I stood there, shocked. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ For several days, I waited at the same place. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．（21-22高三上·广东广州·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Devi looked through the observation window at the kids below, all waiting in line to get into the pool. She turned to her mother with an angry frown (皱眉) on her face. “Mom, they’re all little kids! I’m 15 already! This is silly!” “I know, Devi,” replied her mother, “but you’re a beginner, too, and you have to start somewhere!” Devi had never been to a swimming lesson in her life. Between schoolwork and helping on her grandfather’s farm, she hadn’t had time for lessons. The closest swimming pool Devi had been to was the duck pool her mother bought her when she was five. Now that Devi was older, her mother had found a new job in the city, and Devi faced a new challenge—school field trips to the local pool. The first day that Devi went with her class to the pool, she had no idea what she was in for. What could be so difficult about swimming? Devi confidently slid into the water and held onto the side of the pool, expecting to be able to touch the bottom with her feet. But when Devi let go of the side of the pool, she slipped under the water—the whole pool was one big deep end! Devi threw her arm toward the side of the pool and caught the ledge (池壁), out of breath. “I really can’t swim! Everyone’s going to laugh at me!” she thought to herself anxiously. On the next field trip to the pool, Devi sat on the side on a bench (长凳), frozen with fear. She put a towel over her shoulders, too embarrassed to try again. When she came home, her mother noticed right away that Devi was upset. “Honey, I’ve signed you up for Angela’s swimming lessons at the local pool. Soon you’ll learn how to swim just like everyone else,” she comforted Devi, showing photos of Angela with her prize—winning students. 注意： 1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右； 2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。 Then came the time for Devi to take her first lesson. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Soon Angela came over to where Devi sat and introduced herself. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．（23-24高二上·安徽马鞍山·开学考试）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “April 23 is English Language Day,” says Melissa, jumping up and down. “What a surprise, dear. What would we have done without you reminding us?” jokes Lindsay. Melissa burst out laughing loudly. “What I meant was that April 23 is a very special day for all of us and I just wanted to make sure non e of you forgot about it.” “What are your plans for that day?” questions Rocky. “I want to do something special to promote our beautiful English language,” dreams Jennifer. “I have an idea,” says Lindsay. “Mango Street’s house No. 10 has been recently occupied (居住) by a family who is not fluent in the English language.” “Where are they from?” asks Melissa. “I don’t know that but I heard the lady talking to the grocery store owner. She had great difficulty explaining her requirements. Her son and daughter also could not understand much. Why don’t we help them improve their English?” wonders Jennifer. “It is a wonderful idea. Shall we go and let them know what we think?” asks Rocky. “Not now. We will go to meet them tomorrow,” decides Jason. The next day, the five friends ring the doorbell of house No.10. A young girl opens the door and smiles at them. “May we come in?” asks Melissa. “We are your neighbors.” The girl calls her mother. The sweet fat lady invites them inside with a smile. All of them sit on the chairs laid out on the front porch (门廊). Jason explains their plan of helping them understand and speak English better. The lady seems grateful. “We will help you in learning how to speak and understand our language,” says Lindsay. The lady smiles her thanks. She point s to the fruits on the table. Rocky picks up one fruit at a time and names it. Jason asks her to repeat. She tries a few times and is able to call each fruit by its name. Her son and daughter learn the names too. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: The friends stay for about an hour. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: On April 23, the new family holds a party for the five children. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．（23-24高二上·四川成都·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A GIFT FOR GRANDPA Summer vacation was coming. Jack and his brother Berlin were filled with excitement as they thought of visiting their grandparents again. The big day came at last. After the happy family got ready, they set out for the grandparents’ eagerly. On the way, the brothers were excitedly talking about the fun they had with grandparents. A little blue house with a tall white chimney finally appeared. Behind the property was the forest carrying their good memories with Grandpa. They arrived at the driveway, at the end of which Grandma was waiting for them joyfully. Jack and Berlin each gave Grandma a big hug and then swept to the living room, shouting  excitedly “Grandpa, we are back!” Seeing his grandsons, Grandpa was wild with joy and tried to get up with all his strength from the chair but in vain. A helpless expression flashed on his face. Grandma explained that his health was declining rapidly and maybe couldn’t stand up on his own forever. But Grandpa declared stubbornly (倔强地), “I can!” Certainly, he was stuck in his boyish way. Mum and grandparents were happy to meet again after a long time. They sat together and chatted about what happened recently. The brothers were soon bored with adult conversation, went out and wandered into the forest. Tall trees stretched up to the heavens with large branches crossing each other, while young ones rose straight like soldiers. Grandpa was once a great explorer full of wisdom. He could tell where the birds came from only by their calls and songs. The trees, birds, lizards, lots of bugs... How many merry moments they spent with Grandpa in the kingdom! But now Grandpa couldn’t get up. This made them worried. “We’d think out a way to cheer him up.” Jack said. “Grandpa is a bird lover, and we can catch him a bird.” Berlin suggested. “But he hates birds being caged!” Jack shook his head. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Then a bright idea came to Jack’s mind. “Why not make a cane (拐杖) out of a young tree!”. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Jack and Berlin handed the cane to Grandpa. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7．（23-24高二下·贵州贵阳·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 There are many things in senior middle school that I still remember clearly. I studied three years in a country school, which is faraway. However, it has a good environment and strict but kind teachers, so I loved the school and all my teachers very much. One Friday, just as we began to read books in reading class at our desks, our teacher, Mrs. Hill, said that she needed to be out of the classroom for a few minutes. She asked the class to read in silence while she was gone. And she said that those who didn’t read books in silence would have to answer to her when she returned. It was well-known that Mrs. Hill was strict. So we had to be on our best behavior. But that Friday, Mrs. Hill hadn’t been gone for ten seconds before some students in the classroom started to talk. From one corner of the classroom I heard Josh ask Nick, “Can I trade my candies for your toy?” At the other end of the room I heard Samantha tell Kayla, “Let’s sit together on the bus for the museum field trip tomorrow.” And so it went all around me, until about half of the students talked with each other. After a while, I, too, forgot about Mrs. Hill’s instructions. I turned back and asked my friend Liza, “Can I borrow your storybook and keep it for a day?” As soon as the words were out of my mouth, Mrs. Hill walked into the classroom. The whole class returned to silence immediately. And we were full of fear. Mrs. Hill slowly looked around the classroom and said, “If you were talking while I was gone, then please stand up.” The guilt (内疚) suddenly weighed heavily on me. “I shouldn’t have talked while she was not in the classroom. And now I should be honest and admit my mistake bravely. This is what my parents have always told me, “I thought. Then, I gathered my courage to stand up, worrying about the punishment that waited for me. Then I looked around. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 To my surprise, no one followed me. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ With Mrs. Hill’s encouragement, another student stood up. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8．（21-22高三上·广东惠州·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 A freezing downpour washed the street in front of the small-town bar. I sat gazing into the watery darkness, alone as usual. I had been in that old bar for half an hour, quietly thinking, when my thoughtful eyes finally focused on a medium-sized lump in a puddle (水洼) a hundred feet away. For another ten minutes, I looked out through the window trying to decide if the lump was an animal or just something. The night before, a dog named Shep had come into the bar begging for potato chips. He was starving and just the size of the lump in the puddle. Why should a dog lie in a cold puddle in the freezing rain? I asked myself. The answer was simple: Either it wasn’t a dog, or it was, and he was too weak to get up. The wound in my right shoulder ached all the way down my fingers, I didn’t want to go out in the storm. Hey, it wasn’t my dog. It was just a stray on a cold rainy night, a lonely drifter(流浪者). So was I, I thought, as I gulped (大口吞咽) down what was left of my drink and headed out the door. He was lying in the three inches of water. When I touched him, he didn’t move. I thought he was dead. I put my hands around his chest and raised him to his feet. He stood unsteadily, and his head hung like a weight at the end of his neck. His floppy ears were just hairless pieces of flesh dotted with open sores (伤口). “Come on, Shep,” I said, leading him to a corner next to the bar, where he lay on the cold cement floor and closed his eyes. A block away I could see the lights of a late-night convenience store. It was still open. I bought three cans of dog food and fed him. He couldn’t swallow but looked at me. He was dying!注意： 1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The local vet was still at his office, so I loaded the poor creature into a taxi and headed there. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A week later, when I opened the door of the vet’s, Shep welcomed me with wild enthusiasm. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$