Unit 5 Humans And Nature（配套课件PPT）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（北师大版2019）

Unit 5 Humans And Nature 必修　第二册 内容索引 典题体验　品读美篇　　 知识速记　词汇句型　　 基础排查　稳固根基　　 核心突破　强化能力　　 真题在线　教考衔接　　 情境迁移　写作微练　　 单元测评　 典题体验　品读美篇 返回 学应用文写作思路·背精彩范文 (体裁：投稿　话题：世界海洋日) (2022·全国甲卷)你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1.海洋的重要性；2.保护海洋的倡议。 注意：1.词数100左右；2.短文的题目和首句已为你写好。 典例呈现 Our Oceans，Our Responsibility June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day.It is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation. Ocean plays a key role in our world.Not only does ocean offer us sufficient food，but also it maintains the balance of nature. Thus，it is imperative to protect ocean.First of all，what we can do is to place importance on our daily actions.For example，garbage can't be thrown into ocean.What's more，we can also hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean.The more people are involved，the better the ocean environment is. All in all，it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting ocean.To protect ocean is to protect ourselves. 精彩范文在线 词汇学习记忆 ①be aimed at 旨在；以……为目的 ②raise awareness of 提高……的意识 ③play a key role in 在……中起关键作用 ④imperative adj. 迫切的，重要紧急的 ⑤place importance on 重视…… ⑥hand out 分发 ⑦call on sb to do sth 号召某人做某事 ⑧devote oneself to 致力于，献身于 返回 句型迁移运用 ①Not only does ocean offer us sufficient food，but also it maintains the balance of nature.(not only置于句首的部分倒装) 仿写 ________________________________________ ，but it also provides exceptional customer service. 这家餐厅不仅提供美味的食物，而且还提供卓越的客户服务。 ②The more people are involved，the better the ocean environment is.(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...) 仿写 ___________ you climb the mountain，___________________ the view becomes. 你爬得越高，景色就越美丽。 Not only does the restaurant offer delicious food The higher the more beautiful 知识速记 词汇句型 返回 夯基础 一、重点单词分类 核心单词 1．__________ n. 灾难；灾祸 2．_______ n. 洪水，水灾 3．___________ n. 飓风 4．__________ n. 野生动植物，野生生物 5．_________ n. 评论；意见 6．___________ n. 风景，景色 7．________ adj. 活的，活着的 8．______ n. 土壤 9．_________ n. 气候 disaster flood hurricane wildlife comment landscape living soil climate 10．_________ n. 生态；生态学 11．_________ n. 讲座，讲课；演讲 12．_________ vt. 过度使用；滥用 13．_________ n. 百万 14．____________ n. 温室，暖房 15．_______ n. 题目，标题 16．______ n. 海浪；波涛 17．________ vi.&vt. 逃离；逃避 18．______ n. 档案，卷宗 19．________ n. 诗歌；作诗的艺术 20．______ n. 灵魂 ecology lecture overuse million greenhouse title wave escape file poetry soul 21．__________ adj. 可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的 22．______ n. 边缘 23．________ n. 面积；长度；范围；程度 24．______ n. 圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁 25．________ n．&vt. 营救；救援 26．_________ n. 交通工具，车辆 27．______ vt. 困住；使陷于危险中 28．_________ vt. 估量，衡量；测量 29．__________ adv. 在海外，在外国 30．______ n. 场所，地点 31．_________ n. 过程，进程 horrible edge extent tube rescue vehicle trap measure overseas site process 32．________ n. 较量，竞争；斗争；战斗 33．______ n. 职责，义务；责任 34．_________ vt. 实施；进行；执行 vi.&vt. 指挥 35．______ n. 灯 36．________ adv. 附近 37．_________ n. 上校；队长；组长 38．_______ adj. 极地的，地极的 39．___________ n. 洲，大洲；大陆 40．_________ n. 避难所 41．_______ n. 金属 battle duty conduct lamp nearby captain polar continent shelter metal 拓展单词 1．_________ n．旱灾，干旱 →_____ adj.干的；干燥的；口渴的 2．__________ n．爆发 →_______ vi.(火山)爆发，喷发 3．_________ adj.拥挤的；挤满人的 →_______ n．人群 vt.挤满；使拥挤 4．_______ vt.使震惊；使难以置信 →_________ adj.惊愕的，震惊的 →__________ adj.令人震惊的；令人愤慨的；不道德的 drought dry eruption erupt crowded crowd shock shocked shocking 5．_________ vi.&vt.活下来；幸存 →__________ n．幸存 →__________ n．幸存者 6．_______ adj.潮汐的，潮水的 →______ n．潮汐 7．_________ n．神秘事物，难以理解的事物 →____________ adj.神秘的，不可思议的，难解的 8．____________ adj.受惊的，害怕的 →________ n．害怕 →__________ vt.使吃惊；惊吓，吓唬 →_____________ adj.令人害怕的，令人恐惧的 survive survival survivor tidal tide mystery mysterious frightened fright frighten frightening 9．_________ adj.好奇的 →___________ adv.好奇地 →___________ n．好奇，好奇心 10．_____________ n．观察；观察结果 →_________ vt.观察；注意 →__________ n．观察者；评论者；遵守者 11．_______ adj.相等的；相同的 →__________ n．相等；平等 →_________ adv.平等地；相等地 12．_________ n．&vt.努力，尝试，企图 →___________ adj.未遂的 curious curiously curiosity observation observe observer equal equality equally attempt attempted 13．___________ vt.打断讲话 →______________ n．打扰，干扰；中止；阻碍 14．_______ n．死，死亡 →_____ vi.死亡，去世 →______ adj.死的；无趣的，无生气的 15．______ n．丧失；死亡 →______ vt.丧失；遗失；错过；浪费 →______ adj.丢失的，迷路的 16．________ n．伤害，损伤，损害 →__________ adj.造成破坏的；有害的；损害的 →_________ adj.损坏的，受损的 interrupt interruption death die dead loss lose lost damage damaging damaged 17．___________ n．行动，活动；手术；操作 →_________ vt.&vi.操作；动手术；经营，管理 →__________ n．操作员；经营者；行家 18．___________ n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨 →________ vt.&vi.遭受；忍受；经历 →__________ n．受难者；患者；被害者 19．____________ n．保护；防护 →_________ vt.保护；防护 20．_________ vi.&vt.呼吸 →________ n．呼吸 operation operate operator suffering suffer sufferer protection protect breathe breath 21．______ n．灰尘；尘埃 →_______ adj.满是灰尘的，落满灰尘的 22．__________ n．探险者；勘察者 →_________ v．考察，探险 →_____________ n．探险；探索 23．_____________ n．预备，准备 →_________ vt.预备，准备 →__________ adj.有准备的；经过调制的 24.______ n．基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地 →_______ n．基础；基点 →_______ adj.基本的，基础的 →___________ adv.基本上，从根本上说 dust dusty explorer explore exploration preparation prepare prepared base basis basic basically 25．___________ adv.焦虑地；不安地 →_________ adj.焦虑的，不安的 →_________ n．焦虑；担心；渴望 26．__________ n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 →___________ adj.抱负不凡的，有野心的，雄心勃勃的 27．__________ adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的 →_______ vi.&vt.欢呼；喝彩；加油 n．欢呼声，喝彩声 28．_______ vt.证明；证实 →_______ n．证据，证明 adj.防……的 29．_________ adj.久远的；遥远的 →__________ n．距离 anxiously anxious anxiety ambition ambitious cheerful cheer prove proof distant distance 30．_________ n．坦诚；诚实，正直 →________ adj.诚实的 31．___________ n．真诚，真挚，诚实 →___________ adv.由衷地，真诚地，真心实意地 →_________ adj.真诚的，诚挚的，诚恳的 32．_________ n．勇气；勇敢的行为 →_______ adj.勇敢的；无畏的 vt.勇敢面对；冒(风险)；经受(困难) 33．________ adj.各种各样的，形形色色的 →______ vi.变化 →_________ n．种类；多样性 →_________ adj.各种各样的，各种不同的 honesty honest sincerity sincerely sincere bravery brave varied vary variety various 34．_______ adj.可怕的，恐怖的 →_______ vt.使(某人)惊恐，吓唬 →________ adj.恐惧的；害怕的 35．__________ adj.无害的 →______ vt.&n.伤害，损害 →_________ adj.有害的，导致损害的 36．________ n．滑雪运动 →_____ n．滑雪板 vi.滑雪 scary scare scared harmless harm harmful skiing ski 37．_____________ n．独创性；创造力 →________ n．起源；源头；身世，出身 →___________ vi.&vt.发源；产生，来自；发明，创作 →__________ adj.独创的，原始的；原来的，开始的 →____________ adv.原先，最初 38．_______________ n．消亡；消失 →___________ vi.消失，不见 →________ vi.出现；显得 →____________ n．出现；外貌，外观 originality origin originate original originally disappearance disappear appear appearance 阅读单词 1．landslide n. ____________ 2．volcanic adj. __________________________ 3．weed n. ____________ 4．deer n. ____ 5．insect n. ______ 6．whale n. ____ 7．dolphin n. ______ 8．shark n. ________ 9．kangaroo n. ______ 10．eagle n. ____ 滑坡；塌方 火山的；由火山作用引起的 野草；海藻 鹿 昆虫 鲸 海豚 鲨(鱼) 袋鼠 鹰 11．fox n. ______ 12．jungle n. ____________ 13．whirlpool n. ______ 14．float vi. ________ 15．descent n. ____________ 16．barrel n. ____ 17．sledge n. ______ 18．tent n. ______ 19．brochure n. ________ 20．aftershock n. ______________ 狐狸 (热带)丛林 漩涡 浮；漂 下降，下落 桶 雪橇 帐篷 小册子 (地震的)余震 抓落实 二、必备短语分组 汉译英 1．_________________ 被……覆盖 2．________________ 面对…… 3．_______________ 因……而出名 4．_______________ 在去往……的路上 5．____________ 停止运转，出故障 6．___________________ 在……的历史上 7．_______________ 由……组成 8．____________ 吸气 be covered with in the face of be famous for on the way to break down in the history of be made up of breathe in 9．as a result ____________ 10．in the direction of ______________ 11．on the edge of _____________________________________ 12．ahead of schedule ____________________ 13．leave for ____________ 14．turn one's back (on sb/sth) ________________________________ 15．run out ____________ 英译汉 结果，因此 朝……的方向 在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事) 提前，先于预定时间 动身去…… 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 用完；耗尽 积佳句 三、经典句式默背 句型公式 1．as if引导状语从句 I felt sick, ________________ from a mountain top in a dream. 我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。 2．the＋比较级…, the＋比较级… The first, ____________ the bodies were, _______________ they fell. 第一，物体越大，下落越快。 as if I was falling the larger the more rapidly 3．the reason why...is that...句型 As you can see, ________________________________________ I made the right decision. 如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。 4．完全倒装 Then ______________________________________． 接着漆黑的极地冬夜开始了。 5．动词不定式作定语 Amundsen was the first __________ on 8 September, 1911. 1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个动身。 the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that came the total darkness of the polar winter to leave 1．That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul. 那一天，我的身体和灵魂只用了六个小时就支离破碎了。 2．Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes. 斯科特没能赢得极点比赛，但斯科特和他的队员表现出的巨大勇气使他们成为英雄。 单元美句 返回 稳固根基 基础排查 返回 Ⅰ.单词拼写(每空1分，共10分) 1．In the future，I will be a good doctor to heal the wounded and ________ (营救)the dying，devoting myself to my work. 2．__________ (气候)change is a global issue that requires immediate action from governments，industries，and individuals worldwide. 3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Since 1934，better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 _________ (百万)acres of habitat. 4．Among consumers in China who intend to buy a new _________ (交通工具)in the next six months，nearly one-fourth consider intelligent features as the most crucial factor. rescue Climate million vehicle 5．(2022·全国甲卷)From seeing the __________ (野生生物)to witnessing sunrises，the whole experience was amazing. 6．We must _________ (测量)the length and width of the room to get the exact size of it. 7．The whole food chain is affected by the _________ (滥用)of chemicals in agriculture. 8．After all，not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts，feelings，and most importantly，_______ (相等的)rights to survive. 9．They had brought the country to the edge of __________ (灾难). 10．It is my ______(责任) to report it to the police. wildlife measure overuse equal disaster duty Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．Although China's domestic consumption enthusiasm during the seven-day holiday was restricted to some extent，some major tourist attractions were still _________ (crowd). 2．Out of ___________ (curious)，she slid into the driver's seat to start the car，which was too dangerous. 3．Many young people are ___________ (ambition) to start a business and find financial security rather than work for others. 4．For a sudden heart failure，the single best chance for __________ (survive) is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly. crowded curiosity ambitious survival 5．To reduce food _____ (lose)，smart harvesting equipment and green storing techniques should be promoted. 6．More efforts are needed to improve the technological innovation system，strengthen the ____________ (protect) of intellectual property rights. 7．The old woman was ___________ (anxious) awaiting the safe return of her relatives. 8．We entered the castle，where we found a _________ (cheer) old man sitting by the fire. 9．We will continue to strive for peaceful reunification with the greatest ___________ (sincere) and the utmost effort. 10．John held his ________ (breathe) and wondered what would happen next. loss protection anxiously cheerful sincerity breath Ⅲ.短语填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．How much of the Earth's surface _________________ water? 2．He was unable to deny the charges ________________ new evidence. 3．Thanks to your help，we accomplished the task ___________________． 4．The committee _______________ representatives from all walks of life. 5．Tom packed his bags and __________ France where he would get a new job. 6．It is reported that the company is in a severe financial crisis and is ________________ collapse. ahead of schedule，in the history of， turn one's back on，break down，be famous for，on the edge of，leave for，in the face of，be covered with，be made up of ☞点击选用短语填空 is covered with in the face of ahead of schedule is made up of left for on the edge of 7．We will make sure people can see bluer skies，greener mountains and clearer waters in Xinjiang，which _______________ its grand beauty. 8．When the first train left Chongqing and traveled to Duisburg in Germany，it opened a new chapter __________________ international railway transportation. 9．Despite their history of friendship，she ____________________ her former colleague and refused to offer any assistance. 10．The old washing machine finally ____________ after years of use，and it was time to replace it. ahead of schedule，in the history of， turn one's back on，break down，be famous for，on the edge of，leave for，in the face of，be covered with，be made up of ☞点击选用短语填空 is famous for in the history of turned her back on broke down Ⅳ.经典句式仿写(每小题2分，共10分) 1．他的一举一动好像他做了一件什么了不起的事似的。(as if) He acted ___________________ something great. 2．你提供的服务越好，得到的小费就越多。(the＋比较级…，the＋比较级…) ________________ you offer，_______________ you will get. 3．他哭的原因是他对结果非常失望。(the reason why…is that…) __________________________ he was very disappointed at the result. as if he had done The better service the more tips The reason why he cried is that 4．然后最激动人心的时刻到来了。(完全倒装句) Then _______________________________． 5．我们的祖先最先发明了火药。(动词不定式作定语) Our forefathers were the first _____________________． 返回 came the most exciting moment to invent gunpowder 强化能力 核心突破 返回 (1)a flood of 一大批的，大量的 in flood 在泛滥 (2)flood in 涌进(不及物动词短语) flood into 涌进……(及物动词短语) be flooded with 充满……　　 巧归纳 1 flood n．洪水，水灾；大批，大量(的人或事物) v．大量涌入；充满 核心词汇•多维练透 Part 1 赏句猜义/单句语法填空/读后续写之回忆往事 ①(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas，which are on loan from China. ______________ ②The river had burst its banks and flooded the farms. _________ ③(2023·全国甲卷)Ask the tourists from around the world that flood ______ Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see，and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear. n.大批，大量 vt.淹没 into ④As soon as the doors opened，people started to flood ____ to get the best seats for the concert. ⑤The heavy rain caused the river to overflow，and the nearby town _________ (flood) with water. ⑥我一看到照片，甜蜜的回忆立马就涌了进来。 _____________________________________ as soon as I saw the photos. in was flooded The sweet memories immediately flooded in 2 (1)in shock 震惊地；吃惊地 to one's shock 令某人震惊的是 (2)be shocked at 对……感到震惊　　 巧归纳 shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信(派生词：①shocked adj.震惊的　 ②shocking adj.令人震惊的；令人愤慨的；不道德的) 单句语法填空/读后续写之震惊 ①_____ my great shock，I discovered that my best friend had been lying to me for years. ②(2020·天津卷)Jones was _________ (shock)when she said that she didn't actually mind being cheated. ③(2020·北京卷)Tom has since reported the __________ (shock) findings to the government in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma(哮喘). ④我震惊地望着他，期待他告诉我，这一切都是我的误解。 I ____________________，waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything. To shocked shocking looked at him in shock 中国元素 I was shocked at the fast-paced development and modernization of Chinese cities，with towering skyscrapers and advanced technologies that surpassed my expectations.我对中国城市的快节奏发展和现代化感到震惊，那里有高耸的摩天大楼和超出我预期的先进技术。 3 escape vi.&vt.逃离；逃避 (1)escape (doing) sth 逃避(做)某事，避免(做)某事 escape from 从……逃脱/逃走 escape sb's attention/notice 疏忽，没注意到 (2)There's no escaping the fact that... 无法回避的事实是……　　 巧归纳 赏句猜义/单句语法填空/应用文写作之健康生活 ①I bumped into an old classmate at the supermarket，but her name escaped me，causing an awkward pause. ___________ ②It is said that he narrowly escaped ______________ (kill) in the traffic accident the other day. ③With the help of the firefighters，the woman and her three children managed to escape ______ the burning house. ④The thief tiptoed into the room ___________ (escape) being found by the host. ⑤无法回避的事实是工作对情绪和健康有着深远的影响。 _______________________________ work has profound effects on emotions and health. vt.被忘掉 being killed from to escape There's no escaping the fact that survive vi.&vt.活下来；幸存(派生词：①survival n．幸存　②survivor n．幸存者) 4 (1)survive sth 幸免于……，从……中艰难度过 (2)survive on sth 依靠……生活 (3)survive sb(by...years) 比……活得长(……年)　　 巧归纳 单句语法填空/读后续写之升华句 ①(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that ______________ (survive) China's long history. ②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the __________ (survive) of our natural resources. ③After getting lost in the wilderness，he had to rely on his survival skills to survive ____ limited resources until help arrived. ④It is reported that the non-smokers survive smokers ____ 10 years on average. has survived survival on by ⑤生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。 Life isn't about __________________________；it's about learning to dance in the rain. 真题衔接 ⑥(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)为了在森林中生存，动物们必须爬、跳或飞穿过森林的缝隙。 _______________________，animals must climb，jump or fly across the gaps. how to survive the storm To survive in the forest frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的(派生词：①frighten vt.使吃惊；惊吓， 吓唬　②fright n．害怕　③frightening adj.令人害怕的，可怕的) 5 (1)be frightened of 害怕…… be frightened to do sth 害怕做某事 be frightened to death 被吓坏了 (2)frighten sb into/out of doing sth 吓唬某人做/不做某事　　 巧归纳 单句语法填空/读后续写之恐惧 ①(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)He kicked it wide open，finding a ____________ (frighten) woman in a wheelchair with a little boy and a tiny baby. ②The sound of thunder and the sight of lightning flashing across the sky was truly _____________ (frighten)，making me tremble with fear. ③He was frightened _________ (jump) off the diving board，as he had a fear of heights and was unsure if he could handle the height. ④Whenever she thought of the accident，she was trembling with ________ (frighten). ⑤The robbers frightened the old man ______ giving them all the money he had. frightened frightening to jump fright into ⑥一道亮光闪过，孩子们如此害怕以至于他们尖叫起来。 A bright light flashed by，and the children _____________________ they screamed. 名师点津 “动词＋sb＋into /out of doing sth”的常见动词集锦还有：persuade/talk/argue sb into/ out of doing sth说服某人做/不做某事；cheat/force sb into doing sth欺骗/迫使某人做某事。 中国元素 Ye Gong，who was known for loving dragons，was very frightened at the sight of real dragon in the sky.叶公以爱龙闻名，一看到天上的真龙却非常害怕。 were so frightened that curious adj.好奇的(派生词：①curiosity n．好奇心，求知欲；奇物， 珍品　②curiously adv.好奇地) 6 (1)be curious about 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth 很想做某事 (2)out of curiosity 出于好奇 satisfy sb's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心　　 巧归纳 单句语法填空/应用文写作之邀请信 ①(2021·浙江卷)Even during his last few years，he always had a sense of ___________ (curious)，wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the corner. ②Both of the girl's parents were curious _________ (know) where their daughter had gone. ③She picked up the red envelope and turned it over ___________ (curious)，wondering what was inside it. ④如果你对我们学校的历史感兴趣或关心它的未来，你一定不要错过这个绝佳的机会！ If you ___________________ the history of our school or concerned about its future，you mustn't miss this excellent opportunity! curiosity to know curiously are curious about 中国元素 With the fast development of China，more and more foreigners are so curious about China that they come here and most of them can't help falling in love with it.随着中国的快速发展，越来越多的外国人对中国如此好奇，因此他们来到这里，大多数人都情不自禁地爱上了中国。 equal adj.相等的；相同的(派生词：①equality n．相等；平等　 ②equally adv.平等地；相等地) 7 (1)equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事方面比得过/敌得过某人/某物 be equal to (doing) sth 等于；能胜任(做)某事 on equal terms (with sb) (和某人)平等相处；(和某人)地位相等 (2)be without equal＝have no equal 无与伦比　　 巧归纳 单句语法填空/读后续写之人生启示 ①(2022·全国乙卷)Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides _________ (equal) contact and share with one another. ②In a healthy relationship，there should be a foundation of __________ (equal) and mutual respect，where both partners value and support each other's opinions and decisions. ③I don't think Peter is equal to ______________ (transport) these valuable goods，because he is not careful enough. equally equality transporting ④凯瑟琳也得到了一个重要的人生启示：每个人都应被平等地对待，无论他或她有多特别。 Catherine also gained an important life lesson that ________________________ _________ no matter how special he or she was. 中国元素 The concept of “ren”in Confucianism highlights the importance of treating others as equals，regardless of social status.儒家“仁”的理念强调了平等对待他人的重要性，而不考虑社会地位。 everyone should be treated equally trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中 n．圈套 8 (1)be/get trapped in 被困在……中 trap sb into (doing) sth 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；使某人中计 (2)fall into the trap of doing sth 落入做某事的圈套　　 巧归纳 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①Those who dare to try often get themselves _________ (trap). ②Seven people who were trapped ____ a coal mine roof collapse were all rescued on Friday，rescuers said. ③He felt he had been trapped ______ accepting the terms of the contract，which obviously was not equal to him. ④Don't fall into the trap ____ investing all your money in one place. ⑤Though she was trapped in the ruins，the girl still wore a smile，waiting to be rescued. →Though ______________________，the girl still wore a smile，waiting to be rescued.(动词-ed形式短语作状语) trapped in into of trapped in the ruins 中国元素 In the famous story “The Legend of the White Snake”， the monk Fahai uses his spiritual powers to trap the White Snake in a pagoda，separating her from her human husband.在著名的故事《白蛇传》中，法海和尚用他的法力将白蛇困在一座塔中，使她与她的人类丈夫分开。 attempt n．&vt.努力，尝试，企图(派生词：attempted adj.未遂的) 9 (1)attempt to do sth 试图做某事 (2)make an attempt to do/at doing sth 试图做某事 at the/one's first attempt 第一次尝试　　 巧归纳 单句语法填空/应用文写作之劝慰信 ①(2021·全国乙卷)One afternoon，while attempting ________ (get) into bed she collapsed(倒下)from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack. ②She was proud as a peacock when she passed her driving test ____ the first attempt. ③The man was put into prison last night，charged with ___________ (attempt) murder. ④(2020·浙江卷)Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt ____________ (control) the world they lived in，through agriculture. to get at attempted to control ⑤如果你第一次尝试失败的话，也没必要担心。 If you fail ______________________，there is no need to care about that. 真题衔接 ⑥(2023·全国乙卷)我经常提前离开，寻找合适的目的地，并尽早设置好摄影装备，以避免错过我企图拍摄的时刻。 I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am __________________________. at the/your first attempt attempting to photograph measure vt.估量，衡量；测量 n．尺寸；措施 10 (1)measure...by... 用……来衡量…… (2)make...to one's measure 按某人的尺寸做(衣服等) in full measure 最大程度地，最大限度地 (3)take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事　　 巧归纳 单句语法填空/读后续写之乐于助人 ①Success shouldn't ___________ (measure) only by how much money you have. ②The government has taken measures __________ (bring) down the high prices of house. ③I guess this coat is not made ____ my measure，because it is too large for me. ④The new bridge under construction，___________ (measure) twice as long as the old one，will be completed next month. ⑤To her relief，her kindness and generosity were repaid to her _____________． 令她欣慰的是，她的善良和慷慨得到了最大程度的回报。 真题衔接 ⑥中国学校已采取措施将书法和绘画等传统艺术纳入课程之中。 Chinese schools _____________________ incorporate traditional arts，such as calligraphy and painting，into their curriculum. be measured to bring to measuring in full measure have taken measures to breathe vi.&vt.呼吸(派生词：①breath n．呼吸　②breathless adj.气 喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的) 11 (1)breathe in 吸气 breathe out 呼气 breathe v． 将(生气、信心或兴奋等)注入 breathe (new) life into sth (给某事物)带来起色，注入活力 (2)take a deep breath 深吸一口气 hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 out of breath 气喘吁吁地，上气不接下气地　　 巧归纳 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作描写 ①(2022·全国甲卷)When we paused to catch our ________ (breathe)，Steve got down on one knee. ②The city is seeking to breathe life ______ its tourism industry and make such development more sustainable by holding more folk music activities. ③The doctor told me to breathe ____ deeply and then breathe out slowly. ④母亲深吸了一口气，用手指抚摸着凌乱的头发，困惑地看着我的眼睛。 Mother _________________，ran her fingers through her messy hair and looked into my eyes with a puzzled look. breath into in took a deep breath ⑤比赛结果公布时，队员们屏住呼吸，希望能听到自己球队的名字。 As the results were announced，the players ________________，hoping to hear their team's name. 中国元素 The fragrant smell of steaming dumplings filled the air，making my mouth water and taking my breath away.空气中弥漫着香气扑鼻的蒸饺味道，使我的口水直流，令我陶醉其中。 held their breath base n．基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地(派生词：①basis n．基础；基点；基准　②basic adj.基本的，基础的　③basically adv.大体上；基本上；总的说来；从根本上说) 12 (1)base...on/upon... 把……置于……基础之上 be based on 以……为基础/根据 (2)on the basis of 以/根据……为基础 on a regular basis 经常地　　 巧归纳 单句语法填空/应用文写作之语言学习 ①You should base your conclusion __________ careful research instead of personal experience. ②(2021·浙江卷)We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures _______ (base) on a simple cue，such as the sight of teeth. ③(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)A new exhibition in Halifax uses everyday activities to explain the hidden math principles we all use ____ a regular basis. ④The training program focused on teaching the _______ (base) skills needed for effective communication. on/upon based on basic ⑤China has been making greater efforts to transform its agricultural and food system，and has ___________ (basic) achieved self-sufficiency in food. ⑥根据我自己的经验，网上学习英语对英语学习者来说是一个很好的方式。 _____________________________，learning English online is really a great way for English learners. 真题衔接 ⑦(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)重读的美妙之处在于，我们与作品的联系是建立在我们当前的心理状态上的。 The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work __________ our present mental register. basically Based on my own experience is based on ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿(派生词：ambitious adj.抱负不 凡的，有野心的，雄心勃勃的) 13 (1)achieve/realize one's ambition 实现某人的夙愿/抱负；如愿以偿 an ambition to do sth/of doing sth 做某事的追求/理想/抱负　　 (2)be ambitious to do sth 一心想做某事　　 巧归纳 单句语法填空/应用文写作之人物介绍 ①His ambition ______ (work) as a lawyer is likely to be realized in the near future. ②My brother's ambition is ___________ (become) a pilot after graduation. ③(2020·天津卷)Galileo was not merely ___________ (ambition) when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. ④在一个小镇长大，她想成为一名著名女演员的雄心似乎是一个遥远的梦想，但她的天赋和毅力最终使她取得了成功。 Growing up in a small town，_________________________________ seemed like a distant dream，but her talent and perseverance eventually led her to success. 名师点津 ambition作主语时，常用动词不定式形式作表语。 to work to become ambitious her ambition to become a famous actress as if＝as though意为“似乎，好像”，常引导表语从句或状语从句。 (1)如果as if/though所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生，句子要用陈述语气。 (2)如果所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式如下： ①表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(从句中be动词常用were)； ②表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去完成时； 巧归纳 as if引导状语从句 1 经典句式•写作迁移 Part 2 ③表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。 (3)as if/though引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中有be的某种形式时，从句中的主语和系动词可省略，后面直接跟名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词。　　 巧归纳 教材原句　I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。 写作迁移——微写作 ①她对待这个可怜的男孩就像他是她自己的孩子一样。 She treats the poor boy _____________________________． ②打破窗户的是约翰。你为什么跟我说话，好像我做的一样？ It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me _________________ ? ③他盯着我看，好像是第一次看到我似的。 He stared at me _________________ for the first time. ④当我走进来时，每个人都在看着我，这让我突然觉得好像我做错了什么似的。 When I walked in，everyone was looking at me，which made me suddenly feel ______________________________________． as if he were her own child as if I had done it as if seeing me as though/if I had done something wrong (1)“the＋比较级…，the＋比较级…”句型，意为“越……，就越……”，表示后者随着前者的变化而变化； (2)前一个“the＋比较级…”通常相当于比较状语从句或条件状语从句(在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)，后一个“the＋比较级…”通常相当于主句； (3)在通常情况下，如果主、从句中的谓语动词是系动词be，而且主语不是代词，be常省略。　　 巧归纳 the＋比较级…，the＋比较级… 2 教材原句　The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell.第一，物体越大，下落得越快。 写作迁移——微写作 ①走在一条泥土路上的时候，天越黑我越害怕。 While I was walking on the dirt path，__________ it was，________________ I was. ②志愿者越多，居民面临的困难就越少。 ___________________ there are，_____________________ residents will face. ③祖国越强大，人们就越幸福。 ____________________ our motherland is，_____________ people will be. ④她越想这事，就变得越沮丧。 ___________ she thought about it，____________________ she became. the darker the more frightened The more volunteers the fewer difficulties The more powerful the happier The more the more depressed Ⅰ.单元词汇拾遗 1．living adj.活的，活着的 对点微练——选词填空(living，alive，lively，live) ①He has been missing for a long time.No one knows whether he is dead or _______． ②She's a ________ child and popular with everyone. ③He is considered as the greatest ________ artist. ④I love their music，but I've never seen their ______ performance. alive lively living live 知识拾遗•查缺补漏 Part 3 2．protection n．保护；防护→protect vt.保护，防护→protective adj.防护的，保护的；(对人)关切保护的，爱护的 对点微练——单句语法填空 ①It is important to use sunscreen to protect your skin from _______________ (damage) by the sun. ②The helmet provided an extra layer of ____________ (protect) for the cyclist's head during the race. ③The company has adopted various _________ (protect) measures to safeguard the personal information of its customers. being damaged protection protective 3．death n．死，死亡→die vi.死亡，去世→dead adj.死的；无趣的，无生气的 对点微练——单句语法填空 ①The famous actor ______ (die) of a heart attack while filming his latest movie. ②The neighborhood seemed ______ (die) at night，with no signs of activity or people. ③The news of his _______ (die) came as a shock to everyone who knew him. died dead death 4．loss n．丧失；死亡→lose vt.丧失；遗失；错过；浪费→lost adj.丢失的，迷路的 对点微练——单句语法填空 ①The sudden ______ (lose) of her job left her feeling anxious and uncertain about the future. ②The town __________ (lose) half of its population in the past ten years as people moved to bigger cities. ③The ______ (lose) dog was reunited with its owner thanks to the help of social media. loss has lost lost Ⅱ.一词多义 1．lecture 对点微练——选出lecture的含义 A．n.讲座　B．n.训斥，谴责　C．vi.作演讲；讲课 D．vt.斥责，告诫 ①He began to lecture us about making too much noise. ________ ②She travelled widely in North America，lecturing on women's rights. ________ ③My father caught me and gave me a long lecture about the dangers of drink. ________ ④Scottish National Portrait(肖像画)Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. ________ D C B A 2．wave 对点微练——选出wave的含义 A．n.海浪；波涛　B．n.波　C．vt.挥动 ①At night，I listened to the sound of the waves breaking against the shore. ________ ②We had some difficulties，but we were determined to accomplish our task and wave our national flag in outer space no matter what happened. ________ ③(2020·天津卷)Well，it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. ________ A C B 3．title n．标题，题目 对点微练——赏句猜义 ①(熟词生义)The title will be officially given to him at a ceremony in London. ________ ②(熟词生义)He became the country's first Olympic gold medallist when he won the 400m title in 1948. ________ ③The title of a passage gives readers very important information about the main idea of it. ______________ n.头衔 n.冠军 n.标题，题目 4．operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作 对点微练——赏句猜义 ①The operation could prolong his life by two or three years. ________ ②Regular servicing guarantees the smooth operation of the engine. ________ ③The police have launched a major operation against drug suppliers.________ n.手术 n.操作 n.行动 5．observe vt.观察；注意 对点微练——赏句猜义 ①(熟词生义)Anyone who comes here must observe the social distancing rules and wear a mask. _________ ②Last weekend，our teachers took us on field trips to observe plants and animals. _________ ③Jack observed a look of anxiety on his brother's face. ___________ ④(熟词生义)Chinese all over the world observe the Spring Festival.________ 返回 vt.遵守 vt.观察 vt.注意到 vt.庆祝 真题在线 教考衔接 返回 Ⅰ.熟词生义——写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思 1．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas，which are on loan from China. __________________________ 2．(2023·全国乙卷)By winning the Olympic all-around title，she became the first black woman to do so. ________ 3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them，and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. ________ 4．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Once the registration form is received and processed，we will send a confirmation email within two business days. _________ n.大批，大量(的人或事物) n.冠军 n.陷阱 vt.审核 Ⅱ.词汇拓展——写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思 1．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)But some ecologists and fashion(时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠). ____________ 掌握规律·词汇拓展 ecology n．生态；生态学→ecologist n．生态学家，生态学者→ecological adj.生态的；生态学的 n.生态学家 2．(2019·天津卷)By opening a novel，I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. ____________ 掌握规律·词汇拓展 mystery n．神秘事物，难以理解的事物→mysterious adj.神秘的，不可思议的，难解的 adj.神秘的 3．(2022·全国乙卷)To strengthen the connection with young people，the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media，inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. __________________________ 掌握规律·词汇拓展 interrupt vt.打断讲话→interrupted adj.被中断的→uninterrupted adj.不间断的；持续不断的；不受阻挡的→interruption n．打扰，干扰；中止；阻碍 adj.不间断的，持续不断的 Ⅲ.长难句剖析 1. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Besides，working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students，many of whom have emotional control issues. 自主剖析：本句为主从复合句。_____________短语working in the garden作主句的______；many of whom引导______从句，修饰__________________ __________________。 尝试翻译：______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 动词-ing形式 主语 定语 Jaramillo's special education students 此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。 2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)If you're lucky，there might be a pocket park near where you live，but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. 自主剖析：本句为_____连接的并列复合句。前面的分句中，If引导条件状语从句，where引导的______从句作介词______的宾语；后面的分句中，it作__________，不定式短语to find places in a city作真正的主语，that引导的______从句修饰名词city。 尝试翻译：______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ but 宾语 near 形式主语 定语 如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对野生的地方是不寻常的。 Ⅳ.写作佳句回眸练 1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)大卫坚持要跑，好像他忘记了他所有的弱点，尽管他在几公里内被绊倒了。 David insisted on running _________________________________，though he tripped over within a few kilometers. 2．(2022·全国甲卷)你在任何一个国家待的时间越多，你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服。 _______________ you spend in any given country，______________________ you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses The more time the more comfortable Ⅴ.单元新情境创新应用 用所给单词的正确形式填空或填入一个合适的词(黑体部分是本单元词汇) It was a hot summer.Some junior school boys were playing near a river where they felt very curious 1._______ the stones on the bottom of the river.One recommended they pick some of the stones and they could swim 2.__________ (fight) against the heat at the same time.The others agreed.Soon after they swam in the river，3._____ disastrous thing happened.One boy 4._____________ (drown) in the deep part. about to fight a was drowned The other boys felt very frightened.Then they began to swim to him，5.____________ (attempt) to save him.6.________________ (unfortunate)，they failed.At that moment，a young man 7.___________ was passing by observed the boys struggling in the water，without 8.__________ (think)，the man jumped into the river.He saved the boys one by one. Though he felt very exhausted，he felt very 9.___________ (satisfy) because no one died.When the villagers arrived，they praised the young man for his 10._________ (brave)，but he walked away without saying who he was. 返回 attempting Unfortunately who/that thinking satisfied bravery 情境迁移 写作微练 返回 Ⅰ.应用文写作增分练 第一步　练表达——亮出文采 使用本单元所学知识完成下列句子 1．昨天我参加了一个讲座，题目为“Wildlife In Danger”。 Yesterday I ________________ whose title was “Wildlife In Danger”． 2．教授说人类在很大程度上是罪魁祸首。 The professor said that human beings were to blame ___________________． 3．众所周知，我们正过度使用化石燃料，这导致了温室效应。 As we all know，we ______________________，which leads to __________ _____． attended a lecture to a great extent are overusing fossil fuels greenhouse effect 4．我们正在占领更多的土地，因此数以百万计的生物不得不逃离其原始栖息地。其中一些甚至濒临灭绝。 We are occupying more lands，so millions of living creatures have to ________ ______________________．Some of them are even ___________________． 5．化学品污染土壤、河流和海洋。看到死鱼漂浮在水面上真令人震惊。讲座深深地触动了我们的心灵。 Chemicals pollute soil，rivers and oceans.It is shocking __________________ ____________________________．The lecture ______________________． 6．后来，我们对这次讲座发表了积极的评论，并决定为野生动物保护尽自己的一份力量。 Afterwards，we __________________________________，and decided to do our parts for wildlife protection. escape from their original habitats on the edge of extinction to see dead fishes floating on the surface of the river touched our soul deeply made positive comments on this lecture 第二步 学逻辑——完美成篇 运用恰当的过渡衔接词汇连句成篇 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yesterday I attended a lecture whose title was “Wildlife In Danger”．The professor said that human beings were to blame to a great extent.As we all know，we are overusing fossil fuels，which leads to greenhouse effect.Besides，we are occupying more lands，so millions of living creatures have to escape from their original habitats.Some of them are even on the edge of extinction.In addition，chemicals pollute soil，rivers and oceans.It is shocking to see dead fishes floating on the surface of the river.The lecture touched our soul deeply.Afterwards，we made positive comments on this lecture，and decided to do our parts for wildlife protection. Ⅱ.读后续写提能练(害羞) 1. 好词好句输入 单 词 shy害羞的；coy害羞的，腼腆的；timid胆怯的，羞怯的；bashful害羞的，羞怯的；reserved矜持的，内向的，寡言少语的；retiring不爱与人交往的；afraid害怕的；blushing脸红的；coward懦夫，胆小鬼；shyness害羞；timidity胆怯，胆小 短 语 be reluctant to speak up不愿意表达；avoid eye contact避免眼神接触；make eye contact with sb和某人进行眼神交流；feel uncomfortable in the spotlight在聚光灯下感到不舒服；be afraid to do sth害怕做某事，不敢做某事；shy away from(因害怕或信心不足而)回避，躲避；interact with sb和某人交往；long for渴望……；hold sb's hand tightly紧紧地抓着某人的手 句 子 ※She crossed her arms in front of her chest，as if trying to create a protective shield against her shyness.她将双臂交叉在胸前，似乎试图为自己的害羞制造一个保护罩。 ※He had a faint smile，almost as if he was afraid to show too much emotion because of his shyness.他微微一笑，似乎因为害羞而不敢表现出太多的情绪。 ※The racing heartbeat and sweaty palms were signs of her deep-seated shyness whenever she had to speak in public. 每当她不得不在公共场合讲话时，心跳加速、手掌出汗都是她内心深处羞涩的信号。 ※He avoided making eye contact and kept his gaze fixed on the ground. 他避免眼神交流，眼睛盯着地面。 2.写作战场输出 (1)利用修辞手法和高级句式并借助环境描写烘托人物害羞的心理。 ①小女孩躲在母亲身后，不敢与任何人进行眼神交流。(afraid) The little girl hid behind her mother，________________________________． ②她在陌生的环境中感到不舒服，紧紧地抓住母亲的手。(动词-ing形式短语作状语) She felt uncomfortable in the unfamiliar surroundings，___________________ ___________． ③她渴望与人交往，但害羞使她望而却步。(interact) She ____________________________，but her shyness held her back. afraid to make eye contact with anyone holding her mother's hand tightly was eager to interact with others ④这感觉就像一只被困在笼子里的小鸟，渴望自信地飞翔，却无法逃离笼子。(过去分词短语作定语) It felt like a tiny bird ______________________，longing to fly confidently but unable to escape its cage. ⑤随着时间的推移，她的羞涩逐渐消退，她开始敞开心扉，展现出真实、快乐的自己。(shyness) As time passed，________________________，and she began to open up，showing her true，joyful self. trapped inside her cage her shyness gradually faded (2)将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 返回 The little girl hid behind her mother，afraid to make eye contact with anyone.She felt uncomfortable in the unfamiliar surroundings，holding her mother's hand tightly.However，she was eager to interact with others，but her shyness held her back.It felt like a tiny bird trapped inside her cage，longing to fly confidently but unable to escape its cage.As time passed，her shyness gradually faded，and she began to open up，showing her true，joyful self. 单 元 测 评 返回 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题5分，共40分) A (2023·牡丹江市第三高级中学高三三模) Located in the tropical forests in Xishuangbanna，southwest China's Yunnan Province，the Asian Elephant Breeding and Rescue Center (AEBRC) is dedicated to giving careful and effective protection to wild elephants. Though the jungles provide rich sources of food and water for the elephants，they can also pose a threat to them if they become ill or injured，making it difficult for them to survive in the wild. In August 2015，a baby elephant that was less than one month old was abandoned by her herd at the doorway of a farmer's house in Simao，Puer city.Vets from the AEBRC came and took the animal to their center for treatment.She was found to have intra-abdominal infections and heart failure.She was also at risk of blood poisoning. The baby elephant finally recovered after proper treatment by the keepers at the center.However，without the presence of her mother，she became malnourished(营养不良的)due to a lack of breast milk.At that time，she weighed only 76 kilograms，much smaller than an average newborn elephant.The vets decided to feed her goat milk，and as she was born in the Chinese Year of the Goat，the elephant was named Yang Niu (“Yang” is Chinese for goat，and Niu means girl).The elephant is now about 6 years old，1.8 meters tall and weighs 1.3 tonnes. Currently，there are 11 rescued Asian elephants living at the center and being cared for by 27 keepers，who spend more than 10 hours with them each day.Thanks to these efforts，the population of Asian wild elephants in the province has reached 300 from 150 over the past 30 years. The local government has designated a place as a source of food for the elephants so that they do less damage to villagers' crops while looking for food.They've also monitored the elephants using technologies such as drones to keep track of their activities and prevent encounters between villagers and the elephants.The local government has also purchased commercial insurance for residents to compensate them if the elephants attack them. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一只被遗弃的小象经过细致治疗痊愈的过程，以及当地政府保护大象的措施。 1．What can be a threat to elephants' survival according to the text？ A．Lack of food sources. B．Illegal hunting. C．Physical problems. D．Destruction of forests. 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，大象的身体状况会对他们的生存造成威胁。故选C项。 √ 2．What does the example of a baby elephant stress？ A．The recovery of Yang Niu. B．The efforts made by keepers. C．The risks facing baby elephants. D．The importance of mother elephants. 推理判断题。第三段和第四段介绍了小象有生命危险以及救助到痊愈的过程。根据第四段首句“The baby elephant finally recovered after proper treatment by the keepers at the center.”可知，强调饲养员的精心照顾对于小象康复的重要性，结合第二段如果大象生病或受伤，丛林会给它们带来威胁。可推知，小象的例子用来强调饲养员所作出的努力的重要性。故选B项。 √ 3．What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 5？ A．The number of elephants endangered. B．The urgency of rescuing wild elephants. C．A steady growth of elephant population. D．A rising trend of animal overprotection. 段落大意题。根据第五段内容可知，本段列举数据来说明大象的数量在稳定增长。故选C项。 √ 4．Why has the government designated a place for elephants？ A．To keep track of their activities. B．To prevent them from damaging crops. C．To save them the trouble of looking for food. D．To ensure the growth of the elephant population. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The local government has designated a place as a source of food for the elephants so that they do less damage to villagers' crops while looking for food.”可知，这样做的目的是防止其破坏农作物。故选B项。 √ B (2023·石家庄市高三教学质量检测) A new study suggests classic paintings by well-known Impressionists Joseph Turner and Claude Monet may have been influenced by air pollution during the Industrial Revolution. The study，published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by authors from Harvard and Sorbonne Universities，analyzed 60 oil paintings by Turner from 1796 to 1850 and 38 paintings by Monet from 1864 to 1901. Scientists don't know exactly how polluted the cities were during that time for lack of data.However，researchers say examining the works of Turner and Monet can give a picture of long-term environmental change with the air pollution. In particular，researchers said changes in local sulfur dioxide emissions from burning coal may explain changes in the colour contrast and intensity of Turner，Monet，and others' works，even after taking into account the artistic trends and subject matter of the time. Scientists successfully measured painters' representation of nature，focusing on differences in local weather patterns which influenced colour in works painted in different parts of Europe.Paintings' done in Britain generally feature a paler blue sky than other works in other parts of the continent.Generally，artists can historically accurately represent their environment，so Turner and Monet were chosen because they are famous for their landscape and cityscape paintings and also because they were active during the Industrial Revolution，when air pollution grew at a rate never seen before. Additionally，researchers say that as the air in London and Paris became more polluted，the cities would appear hazier to the eyes as well as in photographs.By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet to pictures from the era，they were able to determine the artists were at least partly influenced by the change in emissions. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，著名印象派画家约瑟夫·特纳和克劳德·莫奈的经典画作可能受到了工业革命期间空气污染的影响。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现。 5．How did the researchers conduct the study？ A．By referring to relevant historical records. B．By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet. C．By relating the paintings to the air conditions then. D．By analyzing the data during the Industrial Revolution. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Scientists successfully measured... differences in local weather patterns which influenced colour in works painted in different parts of Europe.”可知，研究人员通过将绘画与当时的空气状况联系起来进行这项研究。故选C项。 √ 6．What did the researchers find in the works of Turner and Monet？ A．Air pollution at that time. B．Change in subject matter. C．Social trends of the period. D．Development of photography. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“However，researchers say examining the works of Turner and Monet can give a picture of long-term environmental change with the air pollution.”可知，研究人员在特纳和莫奈的作品中发现了当时的空气污染。故选A项。 √ 7．What can we learn from Paragraph 5？ A．European artists preferred landscape paintings. B．Scientists focused on studying weather patterns. C．Turner and Monet intended to present pollution. D．Britain suffered from air pollution most in Europe. 推理判断题。根据第五段的“Scientists successfully measured...in other parts of the continent.”可推知，英国在欧洲遭受空气污染最严重。故选D项。 √ 8．What is the purpose of the text？ A．To inform people of a new discovery. B．To instruct people to appreciate paintings. C．To introduce the Industrial Revolution. D．To call on people to protect the environment. 写作目的题。通读全文并根据第一段内容可知，本文介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现。由此可推知，本文的写作目的是告知人们一项新发现。故选A项。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题6分，共30分) (2023·台州市高三第二次教学质量评估) You don't need to be an astronomer with a giant telescope to enjoy a simple but spellbinding activity：stargazing.1( ) It's so interesting to discover what's going on.With a bit of practice，and know-how from books and websites，stargazers can spot particular stars and also groups of stars. There is plenty to take in using just your eyes but some people use a telescope for a more detailed look.For the best results，choose a clear night when the moon is not very bright.2( ) It can be harder to see the stars in towns and cities.It is because of light pollution.The night sky is brightened by light from street lamps，shops and car headlights.The best places for stargazing are open，hilly areas or the coast.3( ) It is our home galaxy stretching across the night sky and is best seen in summer and fall evening skies.If the full moon is up，it will be hard to see.Try going for a night hike instead! Let your eyes adjust to the moonlight and keep your flashlight turned off. 4( ) That is camping in a national park under a star-filled sky.Many national parks offer various night sky programs，from telescope astronomy events to full moon walks with rangers.Besides，national parks are also great places to know about the animals that are awake at night and asleep during the day.Sit quietly and listen for these creatures. When you head out at night，always go with an adult.Dress warmly and take a blanket or a chair to sit on，plus a hot drink to warm you up.You might want to take a camera with you as well，so you can take a photo if you see something amazing in the sky.A whole new world comes alive at night and is waiting to be explored.5( ) A．Get prepared for the wonder above. B．Just go outside at night and look up. C．You are supposed to avoid the full moon. D．It also matters which direction you observe. E．In these places，you can look for the Milky Way. F．What is the better way to experience the great wonder? G．Where do you prefer to have a stargazing trip at night? 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了观星这一简单但引人入胜的活动，并就如何更好地观星给出了建议。 (2023·台州市高三第二次教学质量评估) You don't need to be an astronomer with a giant telescope to enjoy a simple but spellbinding activity：stargazing.1( ) It's so interesting to discover what's going on.With a bit of practice，and know-how from books and websites，stargazers can spot particular stars and also groups of stars. Just go outside at night and look up. 根据上文“You don't need to be an astronomer with a giant telescope to enjoy a simple but spellbinding activity：stargazing.”可知，想要享受观星这一活动不需要有巨大的望远镜，它很简单。B项(晚上出去抬头看看就好了。)承接上文，符合语境。 There is plenty to take in using just your eyes but some people use a telescope for a more detailed look.For the best results，choose a clear night when the moon is not very bright.2( ) You are supposed to avoid the full moon. 根据上文“For the best results，choose a clear night when the moon is not very bright.”可知，为了获得最佳效果，请选择一个月亮不太亮的晴朗夜晚。C项(你应该避开满月。)承接上文，符合语境。 It can be harder to see the stars in towns and cities.It is because of light pollution.The night sky is brightened by light from street lamps，shops and car headlights.The best places for stargazing are open，hilly areas or the coast.3( ) It is our home galaxy stretching across the night sky and is best seen in summer and fall evening skies.If the full moon is up，it will be hard to see.Try going for a night hike instead! Let your eyes adjust to the moonlight and keep your flashlight turned off. In these 根据上文“The best places for stargazing are open，hilly areas or the coast.”可知，观星的最佳地点是开阔的丘陵地区或海岸；下文“It is our home galaxy stretching across the night sky and is best seen in summer and fall evening skies.”介绍了银河系的相关信息。E项(在这些地方，你可以寻找银河系。)承上启下，符合语境。E项中“these places”代指上文中的“open，hilly areas or the coast”，E项中“the Milky Way”和下文中“our home galaxy”呼应。 places，you can look for the Milky Way. 4( ) That is camping in a national park under a star-filled sky.Many national parks offer various night sky programs，from telescope astronomy events to full moon walks with rangers.Besides，national parks are also great places to know about the animals that are awake at night and asleep during the day.Sit quietly and listen for these creatures. What is the better way to experience the great wonder? 根据下文“That is camping in a national park under a star-filled sky.”可知，体验观星的最好方式就是在星空下的国家公园里露营。F项(体验这一伟大奇迹的更好方式是什么？)提出问题，引出下文。 When you head out at night，always go with an adult.Dress warmly and take a blanket or a chair to sit on，plus a hot drink to warm you up.You might want to take a camera with you as well，so you can take a photo if you see something amazing in the sky.A whole new world comes alive at night and is waiting to be explored.5( ) Get prepared for the wonder above. 根据上文“Dress warmly and take a blanket or a chair to sit on，plus a hot drink to warm you up.You might want to take a camera with you as well(穿暖和一些，带上毯子或椅子坐下来，还可以带上一杯热饮来暖暖身子。你可能也想带上相机)”可知，这些是为观星这一活动所做的准备。A项(为上空的奇迹做好准备。)承接上文，符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题3分，共30分) (2023·江苏省盐城市高三三模) The Hainan gibbons(长臂猿)，who live in rainforest trees over 10 meters tall，rarely set foot on the ground.Known 1_____ the world's rarest primate(灵长类动物)，the Hainan gibbons have been listed as critically 2__________ (endanger) species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. as endangered Fortunately，conservation efforts 3__________ (see) positive results in recent years.According to the latest figures，the gibbon population in Hainan is estimated at 36 individuals 4__________ (live) in five family groups，from 30 in four groups in 2019.The increase in gibbon population comes as China enhances efforts 5___________ (construct) the National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest. have seen living to construct This national park，6_________ covers 4，269 km2，is home to China's most concentrated and well-preserved tropical rainforests.Many wildlife that 7____________ (disappear) previously are returning to their homes thanks to the park.In recent years，Hainan has promoted the construction of the park，strengthened the restoration of tropical rainforests，8________ carried out ecological relocation projects in core protected 9_____ (area)，such as planting more trees to provide food for the Hainan gibbons. which disappeared and areas A research center has also been established，with experts from home and overseas 10__________ (joint) providing suggestions for their protection.The population of the gibbons is expected to hit between 60 and 70 in 2035，as long as current protection efforts and environmental stability can be sustained. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我国对海南长臂猿的保护。 jointly 1．答案：as 考查介词。be known as意为“被称为；作为……著称”，故本空应用介词as。故填as。 2．答案：endangered 考查词性转换。本空修饰名词species，应用形容词作定语。故填endangered。 3．答案：have seen 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in recent years可知，应用现在完成时，主语为复数，故本空应填have seen。 4．答案：living 考查非谓语动词。本空修饰名词individuals，被修饰名词和动词live之间为主动关系，故本空应用动词-ing形式。故填living。 5．答案：to construct 考查非谓语动词。本空作定语，修饰抽象名词efforts，故应用不定式形式。故填to construct。 6．答案：which 考查定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰名词This national park，本空在定语从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which。故填which。 7．答案：disappeared 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语previously可知，本空动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填disappeared。 8．答案：and 考查连词。本空前后动词has promoted及strengthened和carried out为并列谓语，应用连词and连接。故填and。 9．答案：areas 考查名词的单复数。area为可数名词，空前没有冠词，应用可数名词复数形式。故填areas。 10．答案：jointly 考查词性转换。本空修饰动词providing，应用副词作状语。故填jointly。 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题5分，共40分) A (2023·安徽省淮南市高三一模) Two hours west of a perfectly sunny summer's day in Clackamas，Oregon a foggy breeze awaited me on the Lincoln City coast.After a year of volunteering remotely with Ocean Blue Project，today is a long-awaited beach cleanup. I didn't expect to take away more than just trash from the beach cleanup.At first glance，the beach appears clean.However，beach cleanups require much more attention than a quick look over.Within just a couple of hours，71 of us volunteers managed to pick up 171 pounds of debris.Actually，we've got much more than that. Beach cleanups connect us to nature and provide an escape from the world for a little bit.They also provide a learning opportunity outside of the participation part.When you sit over a pile of—let's face it—garbage，you pick out one by one the pieces left behind by others.You see first hand the impact we're having on our environment and account for what is left behind the most.Each cigarette butt and plastic bottle sets the tone for how we should be approaching our everyday lives，which is to stop pollution. Personally，the time spent by the ocean and away from my phone fills me with peace and calmness as I focus my attention only on the moment，looking for the little devils trying to pollute the ocean.With a pound or two less out of the ocean，I always feel a bit more optimistic about the world to come. This boots-on-the-sand way of making a difference grants me a feeling of accomplishment and purpose.Rather than pondering the dire task of saving the planet or researching and writing ways to do so，I get to physically make a difference.And there's nothing that can replace that instant gratification of making positive change for your community and your planet. After the cleanup，my eyes are now expertly trained to spot loose trash and inorganic materials anywhere I step.Imagine what a huge difference we could all make collectively if we simply stopped and picked up that water bottle or wrapper off the ground instead of passing it by. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在参加一次海滩清理项目时，感悟到这种脚踏实地改变世界的方式给了作者成就感和使命感，呼吁大家为社区和地球做出积极的改变。 1．Which of the following can best describe the author's first beach cleanup with Ocean Blue Project？ A．Effortless and far-reaching. B．Annoying but rewarding. C．Painstaking but fruitful. D．Demanding and inefficient. 推理判断题。根据第二段内容和倒数第二段的“This boots-on-the-sand way of making a difference grants me a feeling of accomplishment and purpose.”可推知，作者第一次进行海滩清理是很辛苦的，但也收获很多。故选C项。 √ 2．According to the text，which of the following is the benefit from our doing beach cleanups？ A．Maintaining good physical health. B．Gaining great insight into oceans. C．Developing researching ways to save the earth. D．Improving our mental health. 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，海滩清理能改善我们的心理健康。故选D项。 √ 3．What does the underlined word “gratification” in Paragraph 5 mean？ A．Satisfaction. B．Gratitude. C．Impression. D．Curiosity. 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Rather than pondering the dire task of saving the planet or researching and writing ways to do so，I get to physically make a difference.”可知，我们用自己身体作贡献可以发挥积极的作用，能让我们感到满足。故推测下一句意思“没有什么可以取代为你的社区和地球做出积极改变的即时满足感。”。故画线词gratification意为“满足”，和satisfaction同义，故选A项。 √ 4．What is the most suitable title for the text？ A．What I've Learned from a Beach Cleanup B．How Well I Performed in a Beach Cleanup C．How Much Attention a Beach Cleanup Requires D．Why Volunteering with Ocean Blue Project Matters 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据倒数第二段内容可知，这是作者参加海滩清理活动后做出的感悟，故A项(我从海滩清理中学到了什么)符合文章主旨，适合作本文标题。 √ B (2023·广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试一) Beavers(海狸)，like humans，change their surroundings to fit their needs.Known as nature's engineers，they tear trees down to build homes to live in and dams to raise water levels for protection from enemies.Dams also slow water's flow while blocking sediment(沉积物)that would otherwise flow downstream.The resulting wetlands often attract wildlife diversity where none had existed.There are challenges，though.Beaver dams sometimes cause flooding，and most people prefer trees alive and upright. Communities face a delicate balancing act，learning to coexist with beavers.Last winter，many people enjoying Winston Path became beaver fans as one furry family transformed Swallow Pond into an oasis for birds，frogs，turtles and deer. Yet such activity caused concern.As beavers worked，they raised water levels about five feet.The increased depth allows beavers to survive underwater if the pond ices over.But county officials were concerned about how higher water would affect the soil bank supporting Winston Path. To find a good balance between protecting the path and the beavers，the county introduced a“beaver baffle”—a pond leveler.Beavers often rush to fill holes in their dams.Baffles stabilize water levels by creating a hidden exit for high water to escape through the dam，unnoticed by the beavers. People love the beavers but they also love the mature trees.Recently，Catherine Jones，18，organized a tree-caging event—putting wire cloth around large tree trunks to discourage beavers from biting them.It also protects people from injury due to random trees falling.“We cover the trees we don't want them to eat，while planting periodically others they like，”said Jones.“We need to learn to give up a little of our wants to share the Earth's resources.” Swallow Pond's 2023 project will restore proper water depth and improve wildlife habitat without creating problems for the path.The balancing act continues. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海狸的活动对其栖息地产生的正向和负向的两种影响，Swallow Pond's 2023 项目旨在达到人与海狸和谐共存。 5．What is the first paragraph mainly about？ A．Where beavers' favorite surroundings are. B．What effects beavers have on their habitat. C．Why beavers are called nature's engineers. D．How beavers help attract wildlife diversity. 段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，海狸和人类一样，会改变周围的环境来满足它们的需求。他们被称为自然工程师，他们推倒树木建造房屋，建造水坝从而提高水位以抵御敌人。大坝还减缓了水流，同时阻挡了原本会流向下游的沉积物。由此产生的湿地往往吸引了原本不存在的野生动物多样性。由此可知，第一段介绍了海狸对它们的栖息地的影响。故选B项。 √ 6．Why did the beaver family's activity cause concern？ A．Swallow Pond would flood often. B．Sediment would flow downstream. C．The popular path might be damaged. D．Beavers might have to live underwater. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“But county officials were concerned about how higher water would affect the soil bank supporting Winston Path.”可知，海狸家族的活动之所以会引起关注是因为受欢迎的小路可能会被破坏。故选C项。 √ 7．What do the underlined words“beaver baffle”refer to in Paragraph 4？ A．A block to keep beavers away. B．A tool to fix holes in the dams. C．A device to maintain water level. D．A material to protect the soil bank. 词义猜测题。根据第四段的“Baffles stabilize water levels by creating a hidden exit for high water to escape through the dam，unnoticed by the beavers.”可推知，画线词beaver baffle应该指的是一个维持水位的装置。故选C项。 √ 8．What is the theme of Swallow Pond's 2023 project？ A．Biological diversity. B．Harmonious coexistence. C．Prevention of natural disasters. D．Preservation of wildlife habitat. 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Swallow Pond's 2023项目的主题是和谐共存。故选B项。 √ Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题2分，共30分) It was raining cats and dogs. 1 ，we were in a car and my uncle，who was 2 ，had the situation under control.We passed slowly by an oil-palm(油棕榈) farm land.The heavy rain made 3 poor.So my uncle drove very carefully.He had all the lights on.So did the other drivers.I could 4 little spots of light on the other cars through the white sheet of rain. Black clouds floated overhead.It felt as though they were about to 5 on us at any moment.Lightning 6 across the sky and onto the distant hills.The following 7 made deep sounds unceasingly.Some flashes of lightning came uncomfortably close and the 8 thunderclap was deafening，even with all our windows rolled 9 ．Suddenly a loud crack made us 10 ．Then my uncle pointed a 11 finger at something outside the car.I looked in the 12 and saw an oil-palm tree some ten meters away actually 13 in half through the middle.It was burnt black and 14 ．I then realized that it had just been struck by lightning. We were so lucky that the lightning had struck the tree instead of us.Still trembling，my uncle quickly drove away from the 15 zone.We had just had a close brush with death.It was close，too close for comfort. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和叔叔在一个倾盆大雨、电闪雷鸣的天气，开车在路上行进的冒险旅程。 1．A．Surprisingly　　　　 B．Interestingly C．Fortunately D．Excitedly 根据前文“It was raining cats and dogs.”可知，正在下倾盆大雨，我们能待在车里是幸运的。故选C项。 √ 2．A．driving B．running C．hiking D．cycling 根据后文“So my uncle drove very carefully.”可知，叔叔正在开车。故选A项。 √ 3．A．ability B．reliability C．relativity D．visibility 根据前文“The heavy rain”可知，雨很大，能见度很低。故选D项。 √ 4．A．make out B．set aside C．pick up D．make up 根据后文“little spots of light on the other cars”及前文“He had all the lights on.So did the other drivers.”可知，由于可见度差，司机们都打开了车灯，透过白色的雨帘，我可以辨认出这些光点。故选A项。 √ 5．A．occur B．fall C．move D．rise 根据前文“Black clouds floated overhead.”可知乌云密布，感觉随时会落下来。故选B项。 √ 6．A．flew B．flashed C．flowed D．turned 根据前文Lightning可知，闪电划过天空。故选B项。 √ 7．A．lightning B．rain C．thunder D．water 根据“made deep sounds”可知，闪电之后伴随着雷鸣。故选C项。 √ 8．A．disappearing B．unforeseen C．foregoing D．resulting 根据前文“Some flashes of lightning came uncomfortably close”并结合客观事实可知，我们先看到闪电，随之听到雷声。故选D项。 √ 9．A．out B．in C．down D．up 根据前文“thunderclap was deafening，even with all our windows”可知，即使摇上了所有的车窗，雷声仍然很大。故选D项。 √ 10．A．hurt B．broken C．shocked D．depressed 根据前文“Suddenly a loud crack”可知，突然的一声巨响吓了我们一跳。故选C项。 √ 11．A．trembling B．bleeding C．black D．slim 根据后文“Still trembling”可知，叔叔这时也很害怕，手指是发抖的。故选A项。 √ 12．A．place B．space C．direction D．way 根据前文“my uncle pointed a ______finger at something outside the car”可知，我朝叔叔指的方向看了看。故选C项。 √ 13．A．extended B．split C．sprang D．grew 根据后文“in half through the middle”及“it had just been struck by lightning”可知，树被闪电劈成了两半。故选B项。 √ 14．A．smoking B．boiling C．shining D．cooling 根据前文“It was burnt black”可知，树被烧焦了，正在冒烟。故选A项。 √ 15．A．comfort B．luck C．development D．danger 根据前文“We were so lucky that the lightning had struck the tree instead of us.”可知，我们险些被闪电击中，故该区域是危险的。故选D项。 √ Ⅲ.应用文写作(共30分) (2023·长沙市第一中学高三模拟试卷一) 假定你是李华，学校英文网站推出了以“Traditional Folk Art in My Hometown”为主题的专栏。你家乡的剪纸艺术负有盛名，你写了一篇英文稿，想请外籍教师Bob帮忙润色。请根据提示，用英语给Bob写一封求助信。内容包括： 1.求助事由； 2.约定见面的时间和地点。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。 Dear Bob， ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours sincerely， Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Bob， I'm Li Hua from your English class.I'm writing to ask for your help. Our school website has started a column with the theme of “Traditional Folk Art in My Hometown”．My hometown has the distinction of being home to paper-cutting.In an effort to better promote it，I've written an English article.Would you please do me a favor to have my draft polished? If possible，shall I pay you a visit in your office at 5：00 p．m.next Monday? Looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 返回 谢谢观看 $$