Unit 5 Humans And Nature（教师用书word）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（北师大版2019）

学应用文写作思路·背精彩范文(体裁：投稿　话题：世界海洋日) 典例呈现 　　(2022·全国甲卷)你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1.海洋的重要性；2.保护海洋的倡议。 注意：1.词数100左右；2.短文的题目和首句已为你写好。 精彩范文在线 词汇学习记忆 Our Oceans，Our Responsibility June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day.It is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation. Ocean plays a key role in our world.Not only does ocean offer us sufficient food，but also it maintains the balance of nature. Thus，it is imperative to protect ocean.First of all，what we can do is to place importance on our daily actions.For example，garbage can't be thrown into ocean.What's more，we can also hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean.The more people are involved，the better the ocean environment is. All in all，it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting ocean.To protect ocean is to protect ourselves. ①be aimed at 旨在；以……为目的 ②raise awareness of提高……的意识 ③play a key role in在……中起关键作用 ④imperative adj.迫切的，重要紧急的 ⑤place importance on重视…… ⑥hand out分发 ⑦call on sb to do sth号召某人做某事 ⑧devote oneself to致力于，献身于 句型迁移运用 ①Not only does ocean offer us sufficient food，but also it maintains the balance of nature.(not only置于句首的部分倒装) 【仿写】 Not only does the restaurant offer delicious food，but it also provides exceptional customer service. 这家餐厅不仅提供美味的食物，而且还提供卓越的客户服务。 ②The more people are involved，the better the ocean environment is.(the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..) 【仿写】 The higher you climb the mountain，the more beautiful the view becomes. 你爬得越高，景色就越美丽。 学生用书↓第385页 一、重点单词分类——夯基础 核心单词 1．disaster n. 灾难；灾祸 2．flood n. 洪水，水灾 3．hurricane n. 飓风 4．wildlife n. 野生动植物，野生生物 5．comment n. 评论；意见 6．landscape n. 风景，景色 7．living adj. 活的，活着的 8．soil n. 土壤 9．climate n. 气候 10．ecology n. 生态；生态学 11．lecture n. 讲座，讲课；演讲 12．overuse vt. 过度使用；滥用 13．million n. 百万 14．greenhouse n. 温室，暖房 15．title n. 题目，标题 16．wave n. 海浪；波涛 17．escape vi.&vt. 逃离；逃避 18．file n. 档案，卷宗 19．poetry n. 诗歌；作诗的艺术 20．soul n. 灵魂 21．horrible adj. 可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的 22．edge n. 边缘 23．extent n. 面积；长度；范围；程度 24．tube n. 圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁 25．rescue n．&vt. 营救；救援 26．vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆 27．trap vt. 困住；使陷于危险中 28．measure vt. 估量，衡量；测量 29．overseas adv. 在海外，在外国 30．site n. 场所，地点 31．process n. 过程，进程 32．battle n. 较量，竞争；斗争；战斗 33．duty n. 职责，义务；责任 34．conduct vt. 实施；进行；执行 vi.&vt. 指挥 35．lamp n. 灯 36．nearby adv. 附近 37．captain n. 上校；队长；组长 38．polar adj. 极地的，地极的 39．continent n. 洲，大洲；大陆 40．shelter n. 避难所 41．metal n. 金属 拓展单词 1．drought n．旱灾，干旱→dry adj.干的；干燥的；口渴的 2．eruption n．爆发→erupt vi.(火山)爆发，喷发 3．crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的→crowd n．人群 vt.挤满；使拥挤 4．shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信→shocked adj.惊愕的，震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的；令人愤慨的；不道德的 5．survive vi.&vt.活下来；幸存→survival n．幸存→survivor n．幸存者 6．tidal adj.潮汐的，潮水的→tide n．潮汐 7．mystery n．神秘事物，难以理解的事物→mysterious adj.神秘的，不可思议的，难解的 8．frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的→fright n．害怕→frighten vt.使吃惊；惊吓，吓唬→frightening adj.令人害怕的，令人恐惧的 9．curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇，好奇心 学生用书↓第386页 10．observation n．观察；观察结果→observe vt.观察；注意→observer n．观察者；评论者；遵守者 11．equal adj.相等的；相同的→equality n．相等；平等→equally adv.平等地；相等地 12．attempt n．&vt.努力，尝试，企图→attempted adj.未遂的 13．interrupt vt.打断讲话→interruption n．打扰，干扰；中止；阻碍 14．death n．死，死亡→die vi.死亡，去世→dead adj.死的；无趣的，无生气的 15．loss n．丧失；死亡→lose vt.丧失；遗失；错过；浪费→lost adj.丢失的，迷路的 16．damage n．伤害，损伤，损害→damaging adj.造成破坏的；有害的；损害的→damaged adj.损坏的，受损的 17．operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作→operate vt.&vi.操作；动手术；经营，管理→operator n．操作员；经营者；行家 18．suffering n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨→suffer vt.&vi.遭受；忍受；经历→sufferer n．受难者；患者；被害者 19．protection n．保护；防护→protect vt.保护；防护 20．breathe vi.&vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸 21．dust n．灰尘；尘埃→dusty adj.满是灰尘的，落满灰尘的 22．explorer n．探险者；勘察者→explore v．考察，探险→exploration n．探险；探索 23．preparation n．预备，准备→prepare vt.预备，准备→prepared adj.有准备的；经过调制的 24.base n．基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地→basis n．基础；基点→basic adj.基本的，基础的→basically adv.基本上，从根本上说 25．anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地→anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的→anxiety n．焦虑；担心；渴望 26．ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→ambitious adj.抱负不凡的，有野心的，雄心勃勃的 27．cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的→cheer vi.&vt.欢呼；喝彩；加油 n．欢呼声，喝彩声 28．prove vt.证明；证实→proof n．证据，证明 adj.防……的 29．distant adj.久远的；遥远的→distance n．距离 30．honesty n．坦诚；诚实，正直→honest adj.诚实的 31．sincerity n．真诚，真挚，诚实→sincerely adv.由衷地，真诚地，真心实意地→sincere adj.真诚的，诚挚的，诚恳的 32．bravery n．勇气；勇敢的行为→brave adj.勇敢的；无畏的 vt.勇敢面对；冒(风险)；经受(困难) 33．varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的→vary vi.变化→variety n．种类；多样性→various adj.各种各样的，各种不同的 34．scary adj.可怕的，恐怖的→scare vt.使(某人)惊恐，吓唬→scared adj.恐惧的；害怕的 35．harmless adj.无害的→harm vt.&n.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的，导致损害的 36．skiing n．滑雪运动→ski n．滑雪板 vi.滑雪 37．originality n．独创性；创造力→origin n．起源；源头；身世，出身→originate vi.&vt.发源；产生，来自；发明，创作→original adj.独创的，原始的；原来的，开始的→originally adv.原先，最初 38．disappearance n．消亡；消失→disappear vi.消失，不见→appear vi.出现；显得→appearance n．出现；外貌，外观 学生用书↓第387页 阅读单词 1．landslide n. 滑坡；塌方 2．volcanic adj. 火山的；由火山作用引起的 3．weed n. 野草；海藻 4．deer n. 鹿 5．insect n. 昆虫 6．whale n. 鲸 7．dolphin n. 海豚 8．shark n. 鲨(鱼) 9．kangaroo n. 袋鼠 10．eagle n. 鹰 11．fox n. 狐狸 12．jungle n. (热带)丛林 13．whirlpool n. 漩涡 14．float vi. 浮；漂 15．descent n. 下降，下落 16．barrel n. 桶 17．sledge n. 雪橇 18．tent n. 帐篷 19．brochure n. 小册子 20．aftershock n. (地震的)余震 二、必备短语分组——抓落实 汉译英 1．be covered with 被……覆盖 2．in the face of 面对…… 3．be famous for 因……而出名 4．on the way to 在去往……的路上 5．break down 停止运转，出故障 6．in the history of 在……的历史上 7．be made up of 由……组成 8．breathe in 吸气 英译汉 9．as a result 结果，因此 10．in the direction of 朝……的方向 11．on the edge of 在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事) 12．ahead of schedule 提前，先于预定时间 13．leave for 动身去…… 14．turn one's back (on sb/sth) 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 15．run out 用完；耗尽 三、经典句式默背——积佳句 句型公式 1．as if引导状语从句 I felt sick, as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream. 我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。 2．the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．.. The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell. 第一，物体越大，下落越快。 3．the reason why...is that...句型 As you can see, the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision. 如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。 4．完全倒装 Then came the total darkness of the polar winter． 接着漆黑的极地冬夜开始了。 5．动词不定式作定语 Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September, 1911. 1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个动身。 单元美句 1．That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul. 那一天，我的身体和灵魂只用了六个小时就支离破碎了。 2．Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes. 斯科特没能赢得极点比赛，但斯科特和他的队员表现出的巨大勇气使他们成为英雄。 学生用书↓第59页 (限时20分钟，满分50分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每空1分，共10分) 1．In the future，I will be a good doctor to heal the wounded and rescue (营救)the dying，devoting myself to my work. 2．Climate (气候)change is a global issue that requires immediate action from governments，industries，and individuals worldwide. 3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Since 1934，better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million (百万)acres of habitat. 4．Among consumers in China who intend to buy a new vehicle (交通工具)in the next six months，nearly one-fourth consider intelligent features as the most crucial factor. 5．(2022·全国甲卷)From seeing the wildlife (野生生物)to witnessing sunrises，the whole experience was amazing. 6．We must measure (测量)the length and width of the room to get the exact size of it. 7．The whole food chain is affected by the overuse (滥用)of chemicals in agriculture. 8．After all，not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts，feelings，and most importantly，equal (相等的)rights to survive. 9．They had brought the country to the edge of disaster (灾难). 10．It is my duty(责任) to report it to the police. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．Although China's domestic consumption enthusiasm during the seven-day holiday was restricted to some extent，some major tourist attractions were still crowded (crowd). 2．Out of curiosity (curious)，she slid into the driver's seat to start the car，which was too dangerous. 3．Many young people are ambitious (ambition) to start a business and find financial security rather than work for others. 4．For a sudden heart failure，the single best chance for survival (survive) is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly. 5．To reduce food loss (lose)，smart harvesting equipment and green storing techniques should be promoted. 6．More efforts are needed to improve the technological innovation system，strengthen the protection (protect) of intellectual property rights. 7．The old woman was anxiously (anxious) awaiting the safe return of her relatives. 8．We entered the castle，where we found a cheerful (cheer) old man sitting by the fire. 9．We will continue to strive for peaceful reunification with the greatest sincerity (sincere) and the utmost effort. 10．John held his breath (breathe) and wondered what would happen next. Ⅲ.短语填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) ahead of schedule，in the history of，turn one's back on，break down，be famous for，on the edge of，leave for，in the face of，be covered with，be made up of 1．How much of the Earth's surface is covered with water? 2．He was unable to deny the charges in the face of new evidence. 3．Thanks to your help，we accomplished the task ahead of schedule． 学生用书↓第60页 4．The committee is made up of representatives from all walks of life. 5．Tom packed his bags and left for France where he would get a new job. 6．It is reported that the company is in a severe financial crisis and is on the edge of collapse. 7．We will make sure people can see bluer skies，greener mountains and clearer waters in Xinjiang，which is famous for its grand beauty. 8．When the first train left Chongqing and traveled to Duisburg in Germany，it opened a new chapter in the history of international railway transportation. 9．Despite their history of friendship，she turned her back on her former colleague and refused to offer any assistance. 10．The old washing machine finally broke down after years of use，and it was time to replace it. Ⅳ.经典句式仿写(每小题2分，共10分) 1．他的一举一动好像他做了一件什么了不起的事似的。(as if) He acted as if he had done something great. 2．你提供的服务越好，得到的小费就越多。(the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..) The better service you offer，the more tips you will get. 3．他哭的原因是他对结果非常失望。(the reason why...is that...) The reason why he cried is that he was very disappointed at the result. 4．然后最激动人心的时刻到来了。(完全倒装句) Then came the most exciting moment． 5．我们的祖先最先发明了火药。(动词不定式作定语) Our forefathers were the first to invent gunpowder． Part 1　核心词汇·多维练透 flood n．洪水，水灾；大批，大量(的人或事物) v．大量涌入；充满 (1)a flood of 一大批的，大量的 in flood 在泛滥 (2)flood in 涌进(不及物动词短语) flood into 涌进……(及物动词短语) be flooded with 充满……　　 赏句猜义/单句语法填空/读后续写之回忆往事 ①(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas，which are on loan from China.n.大批，大量 ②The river had burst its banks and flooded the farms. vt.淹没 ③(2023·全国甲卷)Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see，and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear. ④As soon as the doors opened，people started to flood in to get the best seats for the concert. ⑤The heavy rain caused the river to overflow，and the nearby town was flooded (flood) with water. ⑥我一看到照片，甜蜜的回忆立马就涌了进来。 The sweet memories immediately flooded in as soon as I saw the photos. 学生用书↓第61页 shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信(派生词：①shocked adj.震惊的　②shocking adj.令人震惊的；令人愤慨的；不道德的) (1)in shock 震惊地；吃惊地 to one's shock 令某人震惊的是 (2)be shocked at 对……感到震惊　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之震惊 ①To my great shock，I discovered that my best friend had been lying to me for years. ②(2020·天津卷)Jones was shocked (shock)when she said that she didn't actually mind being cheated. ③(2020·北京卷)Tom has since reported the shocking (shock) findings to the government in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma(哮喘). ④我震惊地望着他，期待他告诉我，这一切都是我的误解。 I looked at him in shock，waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything. [中国元素] I was shocked at the fast-paced development and modernization of Chinese cities，with towering skyscrapers and advanced technologies that surpassed my expectations.我对中国城市的快节奏发展和现代化感到震惊，那里有高耸的摩天大楼和超出我预期的先进技术。 escape vi.&vt.逃离；逃避 (1)escape (doing) sth 逃避(做)某事，避免(做)某事 escape from 从……逃脱/逃走 escape sb's attention/notice 疏忽，没注意到 (2)There's no escaping the fact that... 无法回避的事实是……　　 赏句猜义/单句语法填空/应用文写作之健康生活 ①I bumped into an old classmate at the supermarket，but her name escaped me，causing an awkward pause. vt.被忘掉 ②It is said that he narrowly escaped being killed (kill) in the traffic accident the other day. ③With the help of the firefighters，the woman and her three children managed to escape from the burning house. ④The thief tiptoed into the room to escape (escape) being found by the host. ⑤无法回避的事实是工作对情绪和健康有着深远的影响。 There's no escaping the fact that work has profound effects on emotions and health. survive vi.&vt.活下来；幸存(派生词：①survival n．幸存　②survivor n．幸存者) (1)survive sth 幸免于……，从……中艰难度过 (2)survive on sth 依靠……生活 (3)survive sb(by...years) 比……活得长(……年)　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之升华句 ①(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived (survive) China's long history. ②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival (survive) of our natural resources. ③After getting lost in the wilderness，he had to rely on his survival skills to survive on limited resources until help arrived. ④It is reported that the non-smokers survive smokers by 10 years on average. ⑤生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。 Life isn't about how to survive the storm；it's about learning to dance in the rain. [真题衔接] ⑥(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)为了在森林中生存，动物们必须爬、跳或飞穿过森林的缝隙。 To survive in the forest，animals must climb，jump or fly across the gaps. 学生用书↓第62页 frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的(派生词：①frighten vt.使吃惊；惊吓，吓唬　②fright n．害怕　③frightening adj.令人害怕的，可怕的) (1)be frightened of 害怕…… be frightened to do sth 害怕做某事 be frightened to death 被吓坏了 (2)frighten sb into/out of doing sth 吓唬某人做/不做某事　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之恐惧 ①(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)He kicked it wide open，finding a frightened (frighten) woman in a wheelchair with a little boy and a tiny baby. ②The sound of thunder and the sight of lightning flashing across the sky was truly frightening (frighten)，making me tremble with fear. ③He was frightened to jump (jump) off the diving board，as he had a fear of heights and was unsure if he could handle the height. ④Whenever she thought of the accident，she was trembling with fright (frighten). ⑤The robbers frightened the old man into giving them all the money he had. ⑥一道亮光闪过，孩子们如此害怕以至于他们尖叫起来。 A bright light flashed by，and the children were so frightened that they screamed. [名师点津] “动词＋sb＋into /out of doing sth”的常见动词集锦还有：persuade/talk/argue sb into/ out of doing sth说服某人做/不做某事；cheat/force sb into doing sth欺骗/迫使某人做某事。 [中国元素] Ye Gong，who was known for loving dragons，was very frightened at the sight of real dragon in the sky.叶公以爱龙闻名，一看到天上的真龙却非常害怕。 curious adj.好奇的(派生词：①curiosity n．好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品　②curiously adv.好奇地) (1)be curious about 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth 很想做某事 (2)out of curiosity 出于好奇 satisfy sb's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之邀请信 ①(2021·浙江卷)Even during his last few years，he always had a sense of curiosity (curious)，wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the corner. ②Both of the girl's parents were curious to know (know) where their daughter had gone. ③She picked up the red envelope and turned it over curiously (curious)，wondering what was inside it. ④如果你对我们学校的历史感兴趣或关心它的未来，你一定不要错过这个绝佳的机会！ If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future，you mustn't miss this excellent opportunity! [中国元素] With the fast development of China，more and more foreigners are so curious about China that they come here and most of them can't help falling in love with it.随着中国的快速发展，越来越多的外国人对中国如此好奇，因此他们来到这里，大多数人都情不自禁地爱上了中国。 equal adj.相等的；相同的(派生词：①equality n．相等；平等　②equally adv.平等地；相等地) (1)equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事方面比得过/敌得过某人/某物 be equal to (doing) sth 等于；能胜任(做)某事 on equal terms (with sb) (和某人)平等相处；(和某人)地位相等 (2)be without equal＝have no equal 无与伦比　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之人生启示 ①(2022·全国乙卷)Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally (equal) contact and share with one another. ②In a healthy relationship，there should be a foundation of equality (equal) and mutual respect，where both partners value and support each other's opinions and decisions. 学生用书↓第63页 ③I don't think Peter is equal to transporting (transport) these valuable goods，because he is not careful enough. ④凯瑟琳也得到了一个重要的人生启示：每个人都应被平等地对待，无论他或她有多特别。 Catherine also gained an important life lesson that everyone should be treated equally no matter how special he or she was. [中国元素] The concept of “ren”in Confucianism highlights the importance of treating others as equals，regardless of social status.儒家“仁”的理念强调了平等对待他人的重要性，而不考虑社会地位。 trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中 n．圈套 (1)be/get trapped in 被困在……中 trap sb into (doing) sth 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；使某人中计 (2)fall into the trap of doing sth 落入做某事的圈套　　 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped (trap). ②Seven people who were trapped in a coal mine roof collapse were all rescued on Friday，rescuers said. ③He felt he had been trapped into accepting the terms of the contract，which obviously was not equal to him. ④Don't fall into the trap of investing all your money in one place. ⑤Though she was trapped in the ruins，the girl still wore a smile，waiting to be rescued. →Though trapped in the ruins，the girl still wore a smile，waiting to be rescued.(动词-ed形式短语作状语) [中国元素] In the famous story “The Legend of the White Snake”， the monk Fahai uses his spiritual powers to trap the White Snake in a pagoda，separating her from her human husband.在著名的故事《白蛇传》中，法海和尚用他的法力将白蛇困在一座塔中，使她与她的人类丈夫分开。 attempt n．&vt.努力，尝试，企图(派生词：attempted adj.未遂的) (1)attempt to do sth 试图做某事 (2)make an attempt to do/at doing sth 试图做某事 at the/one's first attempt 第一次尝试　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之劝慰信 ①(2021·全国乙卷)One afternoon，while attempting to get (get) into bed she collapsed(倒下)from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack. ②She was proud as a peacock when she passed her driving test at the first attempt. ③The man was put into prison last night，charged with attempted (attempt) murder. ④(2020·浙江卷)Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control (control) the world they lived in，through agriculture. ⑤如果你第一次尝试失败的话，也没必要担心。 If you fail at the/your first attempt，there is no need to care about that. [真题衔接] ⑥(2023·全国乙卷)我经常提前离开，寻找合适的目的地，并尽早设置好摄影装备，以避免错过我企图拍摄的时刻。 I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. 学生用书↓第64页 measure vt.估量，衡量；测量 n．尺寸；措施 (1)measure...by... 用……来衡量…… (2)make...to one's measure 按某人的尺寸做(衣服等) in full measure 最大程度地，最大限度地 (3)take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之乐于助人 ①Success shouldn't be measured (measure) only by how much money you have. ②The government has taken measures to bring (bring) down the high prices of house. ③I guess this coat is not made to my measure，because it is too large for me. ④The new bridge under construction，measuring (measure) twice as long as the old one，will be completed next month. ⑤To her relief，her kindness and generosity were repaid to her in full measure． 令她欣慰的是，她的善良和慷慨得到了最大程度的回报。 [真题衔接] ⑥中国学校已采取措施将书法和绘画等传统艺术纳入课程之中。 Chinese schools have taken measures to incorporate traditional arts，such as calligraphy and painting，into their curriculum. breathe vi.&vt.呼吸(派生词：①breath n．呼吸　②breathless adj.气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的) (1)breathe in 吸气 breathe out 呼气 breathe v．将(生气、信心或兴奋等)注入 breathe (new) life into sth (给某事物)带来起色，注入活力 (2)take a deep breath 深吸一口气 hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 out of breath 气喘吁吁地，上气不接下气地　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作描写 ①(2022·全国甲卷)When we paused to catch our breath (breathe)，Steve got down on one knee. ②The city is seeking to breathe life into its tourism industry and make such development more sustainable by holding more folk music activities. ③The doctor told me to breathe in deeply and then breathe out slowly. ④母亲深吸了一口气，用手指抚摸着凌乱的头发，困惑地看着我的眼睛。 Mother took a deep breath，ran her fingers through her messy hair and looked into my eyes with a puzzled look. ⑤比赛结果公布时，队员们屏住呼吸，希望能听到自己球队的名字。 As the results were announced，the players held their breath，hoping to hear their team's name. [中国元素] The fragrant smell of steaming dumplings filled the air，making my mouth water and taking my breath away.空气中弥漫着香气扑鼻的蒸饺味道，使我的口水直流，令我陶醉其中。 base n．基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地(派生词：①basis n．基础；基点；基准　②basic adj.基本的，基础的　③basically adv.大体上；基本上；总的说来；从根本上说) (1)base...on/upon... 把……置于……基础之上 be based on 以……为基础/根据 (2)on the basis of 以/根据……为基础 on a regular basis 经常地　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之语言学习 ①You should base your conclusion on/upon careful research instead of personal experience. ②(2021·浙江卷)We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures based (base) on a simple cue，such as the sight of teeth. 学生用书↓第65页 ③(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)A new exhibition in Halifax uses everyday activities to explain the hidden math principles we all use on a regular basis. ④The training program focused on teaching the basic (base) skills needed for effective communication. ⑤China has been making greater efforts to transform its agricultural and food system，and has basically (basic) achieved self-sufficiency in food. ⑥根据我自己的经验，网上学习英语对英语学习者来说是一个很好的方式。 Based on my own experience，learning English online is really a great way for English learners. [真题衔接] ⑦(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)重读的美妙之处在于，我们与作品的联系是建立在我们当前的心理状态上的。 The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿(派生词：ambitious adj.抱负不凡的，有野心的，雄心勃勃的) (1)achieve/realize one's ambition 实现某人的夙愿/抱负；如愿以偿 an ambition to do sth/of doing sth 做某事的追求/理想/抱负　　 (2)be ambitious to do sth 一心想做某事　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之人物介绍 ①His ambition to work (work) as a lawyer is likely to be realized in the near future. ②My brother's ambition is to become (become) a pilot after graduation. ③(2020·天津卷)Galileo was not merely ambitious (ambition) when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. ④在一个小镇长大，她想成为一名著名女演员的雄心似乎是一个遥远的梦想，但她的天赋和毅力最终使她取得了成功。 Growing up in a small town，her ambition to become a famous actress seemed like a distant dream，but her talent and perseverance eventually led her to success. [名师点津] ambition作主语时，常用动词不定式形式作表语。 Part 2　经典句式·写作迁移 as if引导状语从句 as if＝as though意为“似乎，好像”，常引导表语从句或状语从句。 (1)如果as if/though所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生，句子要用陈述语气。 (2)如果所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式如下： ①表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(从句中be动词常用were)； ②表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去完成时； ③表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。 (3)as if/though引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中有be的某种形式时，从句中的主语和系动词可省略，后面直接跟名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词。　　 [教材原句]　I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。 [写作迁移]——微写作 ①她对待这个可怜的男孩就像他是她自己的孩子一样。 She treats the poor boy as if he were her own child． ②打破窗户的是约翰。你为什么跟我说话，好像我做的一样？ It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done it? 学生用书↓第66页 ③他盯着我看，好像是第一次看到我似的。 He stared at me as if seeing me for the first time. ④当我走进来时，每个人都在看着我，这让我突然觉得好像我做错了什么似的。 When I walked in，everyone was looking at me，which made me suddenly feel as though/if I had done something wrong． the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．.. (1)“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”句型，意为“越……，就越……”，表示后者随着前者的变化而变化； (2)前一个“the＋比较级．..”通常相当于比较状语从句或条件状语从句(在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)，后一个“the＋比较级．..”通常相当于主句； (3)在通常情况下，如果主、从句中的谓语动词是系动词be，而且主语不是代词，be常省略。　　[教材原句]　The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell.第一，物体越大，下落得越快。 [写作迁移]——微写作 ①走在一条泥土路上的时候，天越黑我越害怕。 While I was walking on the dirt path，the darker it was，the more frightened I was. ②志愿者越多，居民面临的困难就越少。 The more volunteers there are，the fewer difficulties residents will face. ③祖国越强大，人们就越幸福。 The more powerful our motherland is，the happier people will be. ④她越想这事，就变得越沮丧。 The more she thought about it，the more depressed she became. Part 3　知识拾遗·查缺补漏 Ⅰ.单元词汇拾遗 1．living adj.活的，活着的 [对点微练]——选词填空(living，alive，lively，live) ①He has been missing for a long time.No one knows whether he is dead or alive． ②She's a lively child and popular with everyone. ③He is considered as the greatest living artist. ④I love their music，but I've never seen their live performance. 2．protection n．保护；防护→protect vt.保护，防护→protective adj.防护的，保护的；(对人)关切保护的，爱护的 [对点微练]——单句语法填空 ①It is important to use sunscreen to protect your skin from being damaged (damage) by the sun. ②The helmet provided an extra layer of protection (protect) for the cyclist's head during the race. ③The company has adopted various protective (protect) measures to safeguard the personal information of its customers. 3．death n．死，死亡→die vi.死亡，去世→dead adj.死的；无趣的，无生气的 [对点微练]——单句语法填空 ①The famous actor died (die) of a heart attack while filming his latest movie. 学生用书↓第67页 ②The neighborhood seemed dead (die) at night，with no signs of activity or people. ③The news of his death (die) came as a shock to everyone who knew him. 4．loss n．丧失；死亡→lose vt.丧失；遗失；错过；浪费→lost adj.丢失的，迷路的 [对点微练]——单句语法填空 ①The sudden loss (lose) of her job left her feeling anxious and uncertain about the future. ②The town has lost (lose) half of its population in the past ten years as people moved to bigger cities. ③The lost (lose) dog was reunited with its owner thanks to the help of social media. Ⅱ.一词多义 1．lecture [对点微练]——选出lecture的含义 A．n.讲座　B．n.训斥，谴责　C．vi.作演讲；讲课 D．vt.斥责，告诫 ①He began to lecture us about making too much noise. D ②She travelled widely in North America，lecturing on women's rights. C ③My father caught me and gave me a long lecture about the dangers of drink. B ④Scottish National Portrait(肖像画)Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. A 2．wave [对点微练]——选出wave的含义 A．n.海浪；波涛　B．n.波　C．vt.挥动 ①At night，I listened to the sound of the waves breaking against the shore. A ②We had some difficulties，but we were determined to accomplish our task and wave our national flag in outer space no matter what happened. C ③(2020·天津卷)Well，it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. B 3．title n．标题，题目 [对点微练]——赏句猜义 ①(熟词生义)The title will be officially given to him at a ceremony in London. n.头衔 ②(熟词生义)He became the country's first Olympic gold medallist when he won the 400m title in 1948. n.冠军 ③The title of a passage gives readers very important information about the main idea of it. n.标题，题目 4．operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作 [对点微练]——赏句猜义 ①The operation could prolong his life by two or three years. n.手术 ②Regular servicing guarantees the smooth operation of the engine. n.操作 ③The police have launched a major operation against drug suppliers. n.行动 5．observe vt.观察；注意 [对点微练]——赏句猜义 ①(熟词生义)Anyone who comes here must observe the social distancing rules and wear a mask. vt.遵守 ②Last weekend，our teachers took us on field trips to observe plants and animals. vt.观察 ③Jack observed a look of anxiety on his brother's face. vt.注意到 ④(熟词生义)Chinese all over the world observe the Spring Festival. vt.庆祝 学生用书↓第68页 Ⅰ.熟词生义——写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思 1．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas，which are on loan from China. n.大批，大量(的人或事物) 2．(2023·全国乙卷)By winning the Olympic all-around title，she became the first black woman to do so. n.冠军 3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them，and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. n.陷阱 4．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Once the registration form is received and processed，we will send a confirmation email within two business days. vt.审核 Ⅱ.词汇拓展——写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思 1．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)But some ecologists and fashion(时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠). n.生态学家 掌握规律·词汇拓展 ecology n．生态；生态学→ecologist n．生态学家，生态学者→ecological adj.生态的；生态学的 2．(2019·天津卷)By opening a novel，I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. adj.神秘的 掌握规律·词汇拓展 mystery n．神秘事物，难以理解的事物→mysterious adj.神秘的，不可思议的，难解的 3．(2022·全国乙卷)To strengthen the connection with young people，the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media，inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.adj.不间断的，持续不断的 掌握规律·词汇拓展 interrupt vt.打断讲话→interrupted adj.被中断的→uninterrupted adj.不间断的；持续不断的；不受阻挡的→interruption n．打扰，干扰；中止；阻碍 Ⅲ.长难句剖析 1. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Besides，working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students，many of whom have emotional control issues. 自主剖析：本句为主从复合句。动词-ing形式短语working in the garden作主句的主语；many of whom引导定语从句，修饰Jaramillo's special education students。 尝试翻译：此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。 2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)If you're lucky，there might be a pocket park near where you live，but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. 自主剖析：本句为but连接的并列复合句。前面的分句中，If引导条件状语从句，where引导的宾语从句作介词near的宾语；后面的分句中，it作形式主语，不定式短语to find places in a city作真正的主语，that引导的定语从句修饰名词city。 尝试翻译：如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对野生的地方是不寻常的。 学生用书↓第69页 Ⅳ.写作佳句回眸练 1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)大卫坚持要跑，好像他忘记了他所有的弱点，尽管他在几公里内被绊倒了。 David insisted on running as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses，though he tripped over within a few kilometers. 2．(2022·全国甲卷)你在任何一个国家待的时间越多，你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服。 The more time you spend in any given country，the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. Ⅴ.单元新情境创新应用 用所给单词的正确形式填空或填入一个合适的词(黑体部分是本单元词汇) It was a hot summer.Some junior school boys were playing near a river where they felt very curious 1.about the stones on the bottom of the river.One recommended they pick some of the stones and they could swim 2.to fight (fight) against the heat at the same time.The others agreed.Soon after they swam in the river，3.a disastrous thing happened.One boy 4.was drowned (drown) in the deep part.The other boys felt very frightened.Then they began to swim to him，5.attempting (attempt) to save him.6.Unfortunately (unfortunate)，they failed.At that moment，a young man 7.who/that was passing by observed the boys struggling in the water，without 8.thinking (think)，the man jumped into the river.He saved the boys one by one. Though he felt very exhausted，he felt very 9.satisfied (satisfy) because no one died.When the villagers arrived，they praised the young man for his 10.bravery (brave)，but he walked away without saying who he was. Ⅰ.应用文写作增分练 第一步　练表达——亮出文采 使用本单元所学知识完成下列句子 1．昨天我参加了一个讲座，题目为“Wildlife In Danger”。 Yesterday I attended a lecture whose title was “Wildlife In Danger”． 2．教授说人类在很大程度上是罪魁祸首。 The professor said that human beings were to blame to a great extent． 3．众所周知，我们正过度使用化石燃料，这导致了温室效应。 As we all know，we are overusing fossil fuels，which leads to greenhouse effect． 4．我们正在占领更多的土地，因此数以百万计的生物不得不逃离其原始栖息地。其中一些甚至濒临灭绝。 We are occupying more lands，so millions of living creatures have to escape from their original habitats．Some of them are even on the edge of extinction． 5．化学品污染土壤、河流和海洋。看到死鱼漂浮在水面上真令人震惊。讲座深深地触动了我们的心灵。 Chemicals pollute soil，rivers and oceans.It is shocking to see dead fishes floating on the surface of the river．The lecture touched our soul deeply． 6．后来，我们对这次讲座发表了积极的评论，并决定为野生动物保护尽自己的一份力量。 Afterwards，we made positive comments on this lecture，and decided to do our parts for wildlife protection. 学生用书↓第70页 第二步 学逻辑——完美成篇 运用恰当的过渡衔接词汇连句成篇 Yesterday I attended a lecture whose title was “Wildlife In Danger”．The professor said that human beings were to blame to a great extent.As we all know，we are overusing fossil fuels，which leads to greenhouse effect.Besides，we are occupying more lands，so millions of living creatures have to escape from their original habitats.Some of them are even on the edge of extinction.In addition，chemicals pollute soil，rivers and oceans.It is shocking to see dead fishes floating on the surface of the river.The lecture touched our soul deeply.Afterwards，we made positive comments on this lecture，and decided to do our parts for wildlife protection. Ⅱ.读后续写提能练(害羞) 1. 好词好句输入 单 词 shy害羞的；coy害羞的，腼腆的；timid胆怯的，羞怯的；bashful害羞的，羞怯的；reserved矜持的，内向的，寡言少语的；retiring不爱与人交往的；afraid害怕的；blushing脸红的；coward懦夫，胆小鬼；shyness害羞；timidity胆怯，胆小 短 语 be reluctant to speak up不愿意表达；avoid eye contact避免眼神接触；make eye contact with sb和某人进行眼神交流；feel uncomfortable in the spotlight在聚光灯下感到不舒服；be afraid to do sth害怕做某事，不敢做某事；shy away from(因害怕或信心不足而)回避，躲避；interact with sb和某人交往；long for渴望……；hold sb's hand tightly紧紧地抓着某人的手 句 子 ※She crossed her arms in front of her chest，as if trying to create a protective shield against her shyness.她将双臂交叉在胸前，似乎试图为自己的害羞制造一个保护罩。 ※He had a faint smile，almost as if he was afraid to show too much emotion because of his shyness.他微微一笑，似乎因为害羞而不敢表现出太多的情绪。 ※The racing heartbeat and sweaty palms were signs of her deep-seated shyness whenever she had to speak in public. 每当她不得不在公共场合讲话时，心跳加速、手掌出汗都是她内心深处羞涩的信号。 ※He avoided making eye contact and kept his gaze fixed on the ground. 他避免眼神交流，眼睛盯着地面。 2.写作战场输出 (1)利用修辞手法和高级句式并借助环境描写烘托人物害羞的心理。 ①小女孩躲在母亲身后，不敢与任何人进行眼神交流。(afraid) The little girl hid behind her mother，afraid to make eye contact with anyone． ②她在陌生的环境中感到不舒服，紧紧地抓住母亲的手。(动词-ing形式短语作状语) She felt uncomfortable in the unfamiliar surroundings，holding her mother's hand tightly． ③她渴望与人交往，但害羞使她望而却步。(interact) She was eager to interact with others，but her shyness held her back. ④这感觉就像一只被困在笼子里的小鸟，渴望自信地飞翔，却无法逃离笼子。(过去分词短语作定语) It felt like a tiny bird trapped inside her cage，longing to fly confidently but unable to escape its cage. ⑤随着时间的推移，她的羞涩逐渐消退，她开始敞开心扉，展现出真实、快乐的自己。(shyness) As time passed，her shyness gradually faded，and she began to open up，showing her true，joyful self. (2)将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇。 The little girl hid behind her mother，afraid to make eye contact with anyone.She felt uncomfortable in the unfamiliar surroundings，holding her mother's hand tightly.However，she was eager to interact with others，but her shyness held her back.It felt like a tiny bird trapped inside her cage，longing to fly confidently but unable to escape its cage.As time passed，her shyness gradually faded，and she began to open up，showing her true，joyful self. 单元测评5　Unit 5　Humans And Nature (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) A卷 (时间：60分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题5分，共40分) A (2023·牡丹江市第三高级中学高三三模) Located in the tropical forests in Xishuangbanna，southwest China's Yunnan Province，the Asian Elephant Breeding and Rescue Center (AEBRC) is dedicated to giving careful and effective protection to wild elephants. Though the jungles provide rich sources of food and water for the elephants，they can also pose a threat to them if they become ill or injured，making it difficult for them to survive in the wild. In August 2015，a baby elephant that was less than one month old was abandoned by her herd at the doorway of a farmer's house in Simao，Puer city.Vets from the AEBRC came and took the animal to their center for treatment.She was found to have intra-abdominal infections and heart failure.She was also at risk of blood poisoning. The baby elephant finally recovered after proper treatment by the keepers at the center.However，without the presence of her mother，she became malnourished(营养不良的)due to a lack of breast milk.At that time，she weighed only 76 kilograms，much smaller than an average newborn elephant.The vets decided to feed her goat milk，and as she was born in the Chinese Year of the Goat，the elephant was named Yang Niu (“Yang” is Chinese for goat，and Niu means girl).The elephant is now about 6 years old，1.8 meters tall and weighs 1.3 tonnes. Currently，there are 11 rescued Asian elephants living at the center and being cared for by 27 keepers，who spend more than 10 hours with them each day.Thanks to these efforts，the population of Asian wild elephants in the province has reached 300 from 150 over the past 30 years. The local government has designated a place as a source of food for the elephants so that they do less damage to villagers' crops while looking for food.They've also monitored the elephants using technologies such as drones to keep track of their activities and prevent encounters between villagers and the elephants.The local government has also purchased commercial insurance for residents to compensate them if the elephants attack them. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一只被遗弃的小象经过细致治疗痊愈的过程，以及当地政府保护大象的措施。 1．What can be a threat to elephants' survival according to the text？(　　) A．Lack of food sources. B．Illegal hunting. C．Physical problems. D．Destruction of forests. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，大象的身体状况会对他们的生存造成威胁。故选C项。 2．What does the example of a baby elephant stress？(　　) A．The recovery of Yang Niu. B．The efforts made by keepers. C．The risks facing baby elephants. D．The importance of mother elephants. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。第三段和第四段介绍了小象有生命危险以及救助到痊愈的过程。根据第四段首句“The baby elephant finally recovered after proper treatment by the keepers at the center.”可知，强调饲养员的精心照顾对于小象康复的重要性，结合第二段如果大象生病或受伤，丛林会给它们带来威胁。可推知，小象的例子用来强调饲养员所作出的努力的重要性。故选B项。 3．What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 5？(　　) A．The number of elephants endangered. B．The urgency of rescuing wild elephants. C．A steady growth of elephant population. D．A rising trend of animal overprotection. 答案：C 解析：段落大意题。根据第五段内容可知，本段列举数据来说明大象的数量在稳定增长。故选C项。 4．Why has the government designated a place for elephants？(　　) A．To keep track of their activities. B．To prevent them from damaging crops. C．To save them the trouble of looking for food. D.To ensure the growth of the elephant population. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The local government has designated a place as a source of food for the elephants so that they do less damage to villagers' crops while looking for food.”可知，这样做的目的是防止其破坏农作物。故选B项。 B (2023·石家庄市高三教学质量检测) A new study suggests classic paintings by well-known Impressionists Joseph Turner and Claude Monet may have been influenced by air pollution during the Industrial Revolution. The study，published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by authors from Harvard and Sorbonne Universities，analyzed 60 oil paintings by Turner from 1796 to 1850 and 38 paintings by Monet from 1864 to 1901. Scientists don't know exactly how polluted the cities were during that time for lack of data.However，researchers say examining the works of Turner and Monet can give a picture of long-term environmental change with the air pollution. In particular，researchers said changes in local sulfur dioxide emissions from burning coal may explain changes in the colour contrast and intensity of Turner，Monet，and others' works，even after taking into account the artistic trends and subject matter of the time. Scientists successfully measured painters' representation of nature，focusing on differences in local weather patterns which influenced colour in works painted in different parts of Europe.Paintings' done in Britain generally feature a paler blue sky than other works in other parts of the continent.Generally，artists can historically accurately represent their environment，so Turner and Monet were chosen because they are famous for their landscape and cityscape paintings and also because they were active during the Industrial Revolution，when air pollution grew at a rate never seen before. Additionally，researchers say that as the air in London and Paris became more polluted，the cities would appear hazier to the eyes as well as in photographs.By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet to pictures from the era，they were able to determine the artists were at least partly influenced by the change in emissions. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，著名印象派画家约瑟夫·特纳和克劳德·莫奈的经典画作可能受到了工业革命期间空气污染的影响。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现。 5．How did the researchers conduct the study？(　　) A．By referring to relevant historical records. B.By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet. C．By relating the paintings to the air conditions then. D．By analyzing the data during the Industrial Revolution. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Scientists successfully measured...differences in local weather patterns which influenced colour in works painted in different parts of Europe.”可知，研究人员通过将绘画与当时的空气状况联系起来进行这项研究。故选C项。 6．What did the researchers find in the works of Turner and Monet？(　　) A．Air pollution at that time. B．Change in subject matter. C．Social trends of the period. D．Development of photography. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“However，researchers say examining the works of Turner and Monet can give a picture of long-term environmental change with the air pollution.”可知，研究人员在特纳和莫奈的作品中发现了当时的空气污染。故选A项。 7．What can we learn from Paragraph 5？(　　) A．European artists preferred landscape paintings. B．Scientists focused on studying weather patterns. C．Turner and Monet intended to present pollution. D．Britain suffered from air pollution most in Europe. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的“Scientists successfully measured...in other parts of the continent.”可推知，英国在欧洲遭受空气污染最严重。故选D项。 8．What is the purpose of the text？(　　) A．To inform people of a new discovery. B．To instruct people to appreciate paintings. C．To introduce the Industrial Revolution. D．To call on people to protect the environment. 答案：A 解析：写作目的题。通读全文并根据第一段内容可知，本文介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现。由此可推知，本文的写作目的是告知人们一项新发现。故选A项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题6分，共30分) (2023·台州市高三第二次教学质量评估) You don't need to be an astronomer with a giant telescope to enjoy a simple but spellbinding activity：stargazing.1( ) It's so interesting to discover what's going on.With a bit of practice，and know-how from books and websites，stargazers can spot particular stars and also groups of stars. There is plenty to take in using just your eyes but some people use a telescope for a more detailed look.For the best results，choose a clear night when the moon is not very bright.2( ) It can be harder to see the stars in towns and cities.It is because of light pollution.The night sky is brightened by light from street lamps，shops and car headlights.The best places for stargazing are open，hilly areas or the coast.3( ) It is our home galaxy stretching across the night sky and is best seen in summer and fall evening skies.If the full moon is up，it will be hard to see.Try going for a night hike instead! Let your eyes adjust to the moonlight and keep your flashlight turned off. 4( ) That is camping in a national park under a star-filled sky.Many national parks offer various night sky programs，from telescope astronomy events to full moon walks with rangers.Besides，national parks are also great places to know about the animals that are awake at night and asleep during the day.Sit quietly and listen for these creatures. When you head out at night，always go with an adult.Dress warmly and take a blanket or a chair to sit on，plus a hot drink to warm you up.You might want to take a camera with you as well，so you can take a photo if you see something amazing in the sky.A whole new world comes alive at night and is waiting to be explored.5( ) A．Get prepared for the wonder above. B．Just go outside at night and look up. C．You are supposed to avoid the full moon. D．It also matters which direction you observe. E．In these places，you can look for the Milky Way. F．What is the better way to experience the great wonder? G．Where do you prefer to have a stargazing trip at night? 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了观星这一简单但引人入胜的活动，并就如何更好地观星给出了建议。 1．答案：B 解析：根据上文“You don't need to be an astronomer with a giant telescope to enjoy a simple but spellbinding activity：stargazing.”可知，想要享受观星这一活动不需要有巨大的望远镜，它很简单。B项(晚上出去抬头看看就好了。)承接上文，符合语境。 2．答案：C 解析：根据上文“For the best results，choose a clear night when the moon is not very bright.”可知，为了获得最佳效果，请选择一个月亮不太亮的晴朗夜晚。C项(你应该避开满月。)承接上文，符合语境。 3．答案：E 解析：根据上文“The best places for stargazing are open，hilly areas or the coast.”可知，观星的最佳地点是开阔的丘陵地区或海岸；下文“It is our home galaxy stretching across the night sky and is best seen in summer and fall evening skies.”介绍了银河系的相关信息。E项(在这些地方，你可以寻找银河系。)承上启下，符合语境。E项中“these places”代指上文中的“open，hilly areas or the coast”，E项中“the Milky Way”和下文中“our home galaxy”呼应。 4．答案：F 解析：根据下文“That is camping in a national park under a star-filled sky.”可知，体验观星的最好方式就是在星空下的国家公园里露营。F项(体验这一伟大奇迹的更好方式是什么？)提出问题，引出下文。 5．答案：A 解析：根据上文“Dress warmly and take a blanket or a chair to sit on，plus a hot drink to warm you up.You might want to take a camera with you as well(穿暖和一些，带上毯子或椅子坐下来，还可以带上一杯热饮来暖暖身子。你可能也想带上相机)”可知，这些是为观星这一活动所做的准备。A项(为上空的奇迹做好准备。)承接上文，符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题3分，共30分) (2023·江苏省盐城市高三三模) The Hainan gibbons(长臂猿)，who live in rainforest trees over 10 meters tall，rarely set foot on the ground.Known 1 the world's rarest primate(灵长类动物)，the Hainan gibbons have been listed as critically 2 (endanger) species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Fortunately，conservation efforts 3 (see) positive results in recent years.According to the latest figures，the gibbon population in Hainan is estimated at 36 individuals 4 (live) in five family groups，from 30 in four groups in 2019.The increase in gibbon population comes as China enhances efforts 5 (construct) the National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest. This national park，6 covers 4，269 km2，is home to China's most concentrated and well-preserved tropical rainforests.Many wildlife that 7 (disappear) previously are returning to their homes thanks to the park.In recent years，Hainan has promoted the construction of the park，strengthened the restoration of tropical rainforests，8 carried out ecological relocation projects in core protected 9 (area)，such as planting more trees to provide food for the Hainan gibbons. A research center has also been established，with experts from home and overseas 10 (joint) providing suggestions for their protection.The population of the gibbons is expected to hit between 60 and 70 in 2035，as long as current protection efforts and environmental stability can be sustained. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我国对海南长臂猿的保护。 1．答案：as 解析：考查介词。be known as意为“被称为；作为……著称”，故本空应用介词as。故填as。 2．答案：endangered 解析：考查词性转换。本空修饰名词species，应用形容词作定语。故填endangered。 3．答案：have seen 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in recent years可知，应用现在完成时，主语为复数，故本空应填have seen。 4．答案：living 解析：考查非谓语动词。本空修饰名词individuals，被修饰名词和动词live之间为主动关系，故本空应用动词-ing形式。故填living。 5．答案：to construct 解析：考查非谓语动词。本空作定语，修饰抽象名词efforts，故应用不定式形式。故填to construct。 6．答案：which 解析：考查定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰名词This national park，本空在定语从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which。故填which。 7．答案：disappeared 解析：考查动词的时态。根据时间状语previously可知，本空动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填disappeared。 8．答案：and 解析：考查连词。本空前后动词has promoted及strengthened和carried out为并列谓语，应用连词and连接。故填and。 9．答案：areas 解析：考查名词的单复数。area为可数名词，空前没有冠词，应用可数名词复数形式。故填areas。 10．答案：jointly 解析：考查词性转换。本空修饰动词providing，应用副词作状语。故填jointly。B卷 (时间：60分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题5分，共40分) A (2023·安徽省淮南市高三一模) Two hours west of a perfectly sunny summer's day in Clackamas，Oregon a foggy breeze awaited me on the Lincoln City coast.After a year of volunteering remotely with Ocean Blue Project，today is a long-awaited beach cleanup. I didn't expect to take away more than just trash from the beach cleanup.At first glance，the beach appears clean.However，beach cleanups require much more attention than a quick look over.Within just a couple of hours，71 of us volunteers managed to pick up 171 pounds of debris.Actually，we've got much more than that. Beach cleanups connect us to nature and provide an escape from the world for a little bit.They also provide a learning opportunity outside of the participation part.When you sit over a pile of—let's face it—garbage，you pick out one by one the pieces left behind by others.You see first hand the impact we're having on our environment and account for what is left behind the most.Each cigarette butt and plastic bottle sets the tone for how we should be approaching our everyday lives，which is to stop pollution. Personally，the time spent by the ocean and away from my phone fills me with peace and calmness as I focus my attention only on the moment，looking for the little devils trying to pollute the ocean.With a pound or two less out of the ocean，I always feel a bit more optimistic about the world to come. This boots-on-the-sand way of making a difference grants me a feeling of accomplishment and purpose.Rather than pondering the dire task of saving the planet or researching and writing ways to do so，I get to physically make a difference.And there's nothing that can replace that instant gratification of making positive change for your community and your planet. After the cleanup，my eyes are now expertly trained to spot loose trash and inorganic materials anywhere I step.Imagine what a huge difference we could all make collectively if we simply stopped and picked up that water bottle or wrapper off the ground instead of passing it by. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在参加一次海滩清理项目时，感悟到这种脚踏实地改变世界的方式给了作者成就感和使命感，呼吁大家为社区和地球做出积极的改变。 1．Which of the following can best describe the author's first beach cleanup with Ocean Blue Project？(　　) A．Effortless and far-reaching. B．Annoying but rewarding. C．Painstaking but fruitful. D．Demanding and inefficient. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容和倒数第二段的“This boots-on-the-sand way of making a difference grants me a feeling of accomplishment and purpose.”可推知，作者第一次进行海滩清理是很辛苦的，但也收获很多。故选C项。 2．According to the text，which of the following is the benefit from our doing beach cleanups？(　　) A．Maintaining good physical health. B．Gaining great insight into oceans. C．Developing researching ways to save the earth. D．Improving our mental health. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，海滩清理能改善我们的心理健康。故选D项。 3．What does the underlined word “gratification” in Paragraph 5 mean？(　　) A．Satisfaction. B．Gratitude. C．Impression. D．Curiosity. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Rather than pondering the dire task of saving the planet or researching and writing ways to do so，I get to physically make a difference.”可知，我们用自己身体作贡献可以发挥积极的作用，能让我们感到满足。故推测下一句意思“没有什么可以取代为你的社区和地球做出积极改变的即时满足感。”。故画线词gratification意为“满足”，和satisfaction同义，故选A项。 4．What is the most suitable title for the text？(　　) A．What I've Learned from a Beach Cleanup B．How Well I Performed in a Beach Cleanup C．How Much Attention a Beach Cleanup Requires D.Why Volunteering with Ocean Blue Project Matters 答案：A 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据倒数第二段内容可知，这是作者参加海滩清理活动后做出的感悟，故A项(我从海滩清理中学到了什么)符合文章主旨，适合作本文标题。 B (2023·广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试一) Beavers(海狸)，like humans，change their surroundings to fit their needs.Known as nature's engineers，they tear trees down to build homes to live in and dams to raise water levels for protection from enemies.Dams also slow water's flow while blocking sediment(沉积物)that would otherwise flow downstream.The resulting wetlands often attract wildlife diversity where none had existed.There are challenges，though.Beaver dams sometimes cause flooding，and most people prefer trees alive and upright. Communities face a delicate balancing act，learning to coexist with beavers.Last winter，many people enjoying Winston Path became beaver fans as one furry family transformed Swallow Pond into an oasis for birds，frogs，turtles and deer. Yet such activity caused concern.As beavers worked，they raised water levels about five feet.The increased depth allows beavers to survive underwater if the pond ices over.But county officials were concerned about how higher water would affect the soil bank supporting Winston Path. To find a good balance between protecting the path and the beavers，the county introduced a“beaver baffle”—a pond leveler.Beavers often rush to fill holes in their dams.Baffles stabilize water levels by creating a hidden exit for high water to escape through the dam，unnoticed by the beavers. People love the beavers but they also love the mature trees.Recently，Catherine Jones，18，organized a tree-caging event—putting wire cloth around large tree trunks to discourage beavers from biting them.It also protects people from injury due to random trees falling.“We cover the trees we don't want them to eat，while planting periodically others they like，”said Jones.“We need to learn to give up a little of our wants to share the Earth's resources.” Swallow Pond's 2023 project will restore proper water depth and improve wildlife habitat without creating problems for the path.The balancing act continues. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海狸的活动对其栖息地产生的正向和负向的两种影响，Swallow Pond's 2023 项目旨在达到人与海狸和谐共存。 5．What is the first paragraph mainly about？(　　) A．Where beavers' favorite surroundings are. B．What effects beavers have on their habitat. C．Why beavers are called nature's engineers. D．How beavers help attract wildlife diversity. 答案：B 解析：段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，海狸和人类一样，会改变周围的环境来满足它们的需求。他们被称为自然工程师，他们推倒树木建造房屋，建造水坝从而提高水位以抵御敌人。大坝还减缓了水流，同时阻挡了原本会流向下游的沉积物。由此产生的湿地往往吸引了原本不存在的野生动物多样性。由此可知，第一段介绍了海狸对它们的栖息地的影响。故选B项。 6．Why did the beaver family's activity cause concern？(　　) A．Swallow Pond would flood often. B．Sediment would flow downstream. C．The popular path might be damaged. D．Beavers might have to live underwater. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“But county officials were concerned about how higher water would affect the soil bank supporting Winston Path.”可知，海狸家族的活动之所以会引起关注是因为受欢迎的小路可能会被破坏。故选C项。 7．What do the underlined words“beaver baffle”refer to in Paragraph 4？(　　) A．A block to keep beavers away. B．A tool to fix holes in the dams. C．A device to maintain water level. D．A material to protect the soil bank. 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段的“Baffles stabilize water levels by creating a hidden exit for high water to escape through the dam，unnoticed by the beavers.”可推知，画线词beaver baffle应该指的是一个维持水位的装置。故选C项。 8．What is the theme of Swallow Pond's 2023 project？(　　) A．Biological diversity. B．Harmonious coexistence. C．Prevention of natural disasters. D．Preservation of wildlife habitat. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Swallow Pond's 2023项目的主题是和谐共存。故选B项。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题2分，共30分) It was raining cats and dogs. 1 ，we were in a car and my uncle，who was 2 ，had the situation under control.We passed slowly by an oil-palm(油棕榈) farm land.The heavy rain made 3 poor.So my uncle drove very carefully.He had all the lights on.So did the other drivers.I could 4 little spots of light on the other cars through the white sheet of rain. Black clouds floated overhead.It felt as though they were about to 5 on us at any moment.Lightning 6 across the sky and onto the distant hills.The following 7 made deep sounds unceasingly.Some flashes of lightning came uncomfortably close and the 8 thunderclap was deafening，even with all our windows rolled 9 ．Suddenly a loud crack made us 10 ．Then my uncle pointed a 11 finger at something outside the car.I looked in the 12 and saw an oil-palm tree some ten meters away actually 13 in half through the middle.It was burnt black and 14 ．I then realized that it had just been struck by lightning. We were so lucky that the lightning had struck the tree instead of us.Still trembling，my uncle quickly drove away from the 15 zone.We had just had a close brush with death.It was close，too close for comfort. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和叔叔在一个倾盆大雨、电闪雷鸣的天气，开车在路上行进的冒险旅程。 1．(　　)A．Surprisingly　　　　 B．Interestingly C．Fortunately D．Excitedly 答案：C 解析：根据前文“It was raining cats and dogs.”可知，正在下倾盆大雨，我们能待在车里是幸运的。故选C项。 2．(　　)A．driving B．running C．hiking D．cycling 答案：A 解析：根据后文“So my uncle drove very carefully.”可知，叔叔正在开车。故选A项。 3．(　　)A．ability B．reliability C．relativity D．visibility 答案：D 解析：根据前文“The heavy rain”可知，雨很大，能见度很低。故选D项。 4．(　　)A．make out B．set aside C．pick up D．make up 答案：A 解析：根据后文“little spots of light on the other cars”及前文“He had all the lights on.So did the other drivers.”可知，由于可见度差，司机们都打开了车灯，透过白色的雨帘，我可以辨认出这些光点。故选A项。 5．(　　)A．occur B．fall C．move D．rise 答案：B 解析：根据前文“Black clouds floated overhead.”可知乌云密布，感觉随时会落下来。故选B项。 6．(　　)A．flew B．flashed C．flowed D．turned 答案：B 解析：根据前文Lightning可知，闪电划过天空。故选B项。 7．(　　)A．lightning B．rain C．thunder D．water 答案：C 解析：根据“made deep sounds”可知，闪电之后伴随着雷鸣。故选C项。 8．(　　)A．disappearing B．unforeseen C．foregoing D．resulting 答案：D 解析：根据前文“Some flashes of lightning came uncomfortably close”并结合客观事实可知，我们先看到闪电，随之听到雷声。故选D项。 9．(　　)A．out B．in C．down D．up 答案：D 解析：根据前文“thunderclap was deafening，even with all our windows”可知，即使摇上了所有的车窗，雷声仍然很大。故选D项。 10．(　　)A．hurt B．broken C．shocked D．depressed 答案：C 解析：根据前文“Suddenly a loud crack”可知，突然的一声巨响吓了我们一跳。故选C项。 11．(　　)A．trembling B．bleeding C．black D．slim 答案：A 解析：根据后文“Still trembling”可知，叔叔这时也很害怕，手指是发抖的。故选A项。 12．(　　)A．place B．space C．direction D．way 答案：C 解析：根据前文“my uncle pointed a finger at something outside the car”可知，我朝叔叔指的方向看了看。故选C项。 13．(　　)A．extended B．split C．sprang D．grew 答案：B 解析：根据后文“in half through the middle”及“it had just been struck by lightning”可知，树被闪电劈成了两半。故选B项。 14．(　　)A．smoking B．boiling C．shining D．cooling 答案：A 解析：根据前文“It was burnt black”可知，树被烧焦了，正在冒烟。故选A项。 15．(　　)A．comfort B．luck C．development D．danger 答案：D 解析：根据前文“We were so lucky that the lightning had struck the tree instead of us.”可知，我们险些被闪电击中，故该区域是危险的。故选D项。 Ⅲ.应用文写作(共30分) (2023·长沙市第一中学高三模拟试卷一) 假定你是李华，学校英文网站推出了以“Traditional Folk Art in My Hometown”为主题的专栏。你家乡的剪纸艺术负有盛名，你写了一篇英文稿，想请外籍教师Bob帮忙润色。请根据提示，用英语给Bob写一封求助信。内容包括： 1.求助事由； 2.约定见面的时间和地点。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。 Dear Bob， Yours sincerely， Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Bob， I'm Li Hua from your English class.I'm writing to ask for your help. Our school website has started a column with the theme of “Traditional Folk Art in My Hometown”．My hometown has the distinction of being home to paper-cutting.In an effort to better promote it，I've written an English article.Would you please do me a favor to have my draft polished? If possible，shall I pay you a visit in your office at 5：00 p．m.next Monday? Looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 学生用书↓第71页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$